Misplaced Pages

#278721

37-579: Eugen Kvaternik had planned to launch a rebellion years earlier against what was then the Austrian Empire since 1859. However, he failed to secure allies in either Italy or Hungary to participate in the cause. Kvaternik planned a revolt without notifying anybody from Party of Rights , including its leader Ante Starčević . Kvaternik's idea was creation of an independent Croatian state, union of Croatian Military Frontier with provincial Croatia and their secession from Austria-Hungary . Kvaternik planned

74-470: A chance to enter Dalmatia. In early 1865 he went to Brač , and from there to Split and later to Sinj , from where he went to Knin . In Knin, he tried to instigate an uprising. He failed and was arrested and sentenced to eleven months in prison in Zadar . Due to the arrest of Rakijaš, Kvaternik realized that their plan for a revolt had failed, so he also returned to Croatia. But just as he arrived to Zagreb, he

111-605: A commander of the armed forces respectively, while Ante Turkalj was named prefect of the Ogulin region. The next day, Sunday, 8 October, Kvaternik launched the revolt. With some 200 Grenzers Kvaternik moved towards Rakovica with the Croatian flag . He was accompanied by Bach. The building of their government was supposed to be in house of a merchant, Ivo Vučić, a local from Rakovica. As they arrived, they arrested those Grenzers who would not join them and took their arms. They started to organize

148-405: A dungeon, Maksim Ćurić who was sentenced to 8 years in a dungeon, Lazo Šaša who was sentenced 4 years in a dungeon, Mihael Bosnić, Petar Vojnović, Mihajlo Majnolović and Stjepan Đaković who were released. On October 16, Franjo Rački informed Josip Juraj Strossmayer about one of Kvaternik's plans if the revolt would have been successful. In letters found with the corpses of Kvaternik and Bach, it

185-729: A meeting with them more easily because the Kingdom of Sardinia was just about to ally with Napoleon III of France to attack Austria. The Croatian Grenzers saved the Austrian Empire many times. Kvaternik promised that he would get loyalty of the Grenzers to help Cavour in his war against Austria. Kvaternik knew that the Grenzers were unhappy with the Austrian payments to them after the 1848 Hungarian Revolution . He issued an announcement in Croatian to

222-621: A revolt months before, already issuing a seal of a new Croatian state. The population of the Croatian Military Frontier did not support an unification with the Kingdom of Croatia following the Croatian-Hungarian Agreement , as Croatia was under Hungarian influence, while the Frontiers supported the ruling dynasty (Austria). This made conditions for the revolt much harder than Kvaternik expected. Another bad condition for

259-628: The Croatian Parliament . Kvaternik was born in Zagreb . He was educated in Senj and in Pest . After the abolition of feudalism in 1848 by ban Josip Jelačić , greater freedom from the Austrian Empire was granted. This encouraged proponents of Croatian independence such as Kvaternik. In 1857, the Austrian authorities forbade him to work as a lawyer, leaving him unemployed. In 1858 Kvaternik decided to leave for

296-587: The Rakovica Revolt , just when the Austria-Hungary was in the process of federalization. Kvaternik believed that once he started the revolt, the unhappy Grenzers would join him. His goal was the liberation of Croatia and the unification of its lands. He planned to proclaim the Croatian People's Government after a projected meeting with the Grenzers, after which he would arm the people from Slunj, Ogulin, and

333-680: The Russian Empire , seeking an ally against the Austrian state. He was aware that Russia was aggrieved because Austria had not joined the Crimea War . While in Russia, Kvaternik gained its citizenship, but soon realized that he would get no military help. In spring 1859 he left for Torino . With help from Niccolò Tommaseo he met with various Italian statesmen and politicians. One of them was Italian prime minister Camillo Benso di Cavour and minister of justice Urbano Rattazzi . Kvaternik succeeded to arrange

370-522: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Matija Mrazović " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for

407-575: The Austrian Emperor and approval for his return. Ban Levin Rauch also gave him Austrian citizenship and permitted him to work as a lawyer. As of then, Kvaternik worked as a lawyer and also dealt with history. He published his book "Eastern Question and the Croats" in two volumes. Kvaternik was also involved in publishing activities; between 1868 and 1870 he wrote for the magazine Hrvat ( The Croat ). In 1871 he

SECTION 10

#1733105264279

444-702: The Croatian Military Frontier and in Venice, while Giuseppe Garibaldi would land his troops in the northern Dalmatia . After that they counted on Hungarian and Romanian help with support of the Sardinian Kingdom and France. They also knew that Russia and Prussian Kingdom wouldn't offer any help to Austria. However, in 1865 the plan was withdrawn as Napoleon of France stopped giving any help and thus forced Italy into inaction. In March 1860, Kvaternik claimed to Napoléon that Croatia could provide some 250,000 soldiers, explaining that Croats were able to do so when they fought

481-687: The Emperor in October, however, the Emperor continued to give his thrust to Hohenwart. While in Torino in June 1864, Kvaternik met with Ante Rakijaš, a former military cadet who had deserted. Rakijaš, a Croatian nationalist educated in Graz , served as Kvaternik's main assistant. In November 1864 both of them planned a revolt that would occur in spring 1865. Rakijaš obtained a fake passport and moved from Torino to Ancona , waiting for

518-547: The Grenzers not to help Austria in their war against the Italians. Kvaternik's announcement had a strong impact as the Grenzers were suffering from low morale while fighting in the Battle of Solferino . Austrians rushed to sign a peace with the French. Nevertheless, Kvaternik believed that the Grenzers would play a significant role in the liberation of Croatia. He continued negotiations with

555-612: The Hungarians in the 1848 Revolution. A month later, he stated to the Sardinian ambassador ( Costantino Nigra ) that Croats still hoped for revolution and could raise some 400,000 men and liberate Venice. Kvaternik was, however, more active during his stay in Italy between 1863 and 1865. As a member of the Croatian Sabor since 1861, Kvaternik become popular among those who disliked Austria, and at

592-622: The Isle regiments and Rakovica . Then he planned to move towards Ogulin and Karlovac from where he would go to Zagreb where he would proclaim the liberation for the second time and ask the European countries for their recognition and protection. He was bolstered by the fact that Austria-Hungary was isolated at the time, without strong allies. In October 1871, Kvaternik left Zagreb, met with Rakijaš in Karlovac and went with him to Broćanac , where he arrived on

629-550: The Italian and Hungarian emigration and offered the Croatian crown to the Prince Napoléon Joseph Charles , the Emperor's cousin and son-in-law of Italian King Victor Emmanuel II . After Napoléon refused the crown, he offered it to a Polish noble Władysław Czartoryski , who was a fellow Catholic Slav. Kvaternik and his Italian and Hungarian allies made a plan to destroy Austria by instigating simultaneous revolts in both

666-534: The convicts were shot the same day. On October 14, Lazo Čuić, Filip Milanović, Petar Došen, Miladin Šaša were sentenced to death; Mladin Šaša's conviction was changed to 18 years in a dungeon. During the night of October 12/13, all citizens with the Starčević surname were arrested. Among others arrested was Petar Vrdoljak who was sentenced to 12 years in a dungeon, Rudolf Fabijani who was later released, Franjo Turkalj and Milovan Miljković who were sentenced to 14 years in

703-464: The dualist policy. The main opponents of Hohenwart's policy were Hungarian nationalists, namely Prime Minister of Hungary Gyula Andrássy and his government. Franz Joseph had a plan to deal with the Hungarians once he solved the problem with the Czechs. Austria-Hungary entered a fierce political struggle. Hohenwarth was dealing with the Czechs, while Friedrich von Beust , the foreign minister and chairman of

740-459: The evening on 7 October. The revolutionaries held a meeting in Broćanac and formed the transitional Croatian People's Government. Kvaternik was named president. Petar Vrdoljak was named minister of interior, Ante Rakijaš was named minister of defence and Vjekoslav Bach, a lawyer from Zagreb, was named minister of finance. Rade Čuić, another revolutionary, was named commander of the ustaše ( uprising ),

777-489: The founders of the Party of Rights , alongside Ante Starčević . Kvaternik was the leader of the 1871 Rakovica Revolt which was an attempt to create an independent Croatian state, at the time when it was part of Austria-Hungary . In order to get foreign support for his cause Kvaternik visited the Russian Empire , France and the Kingdom of Sardinia . He was also well known for anti-Austro-Hungarian speeches that he made as member of

SECTION 20

#1733105264279

814-907: The 💕 Look for Matija Mrazović on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Matija Mrazović in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

851-507: The joint government, dealt with Andrássy. Hohenwarth, nevertheless, was successful at the beginning. In September 1871, the Emperor recognized the Czech Kingdom and promised to crown himself as its king in Prague. It was the first sign that dualist policy would collapse in favour of federalism. As Andrássy was disappointed by this move, he forced von Beust to give a memorandum against Hohenwarth to

888-521: The monarchy would approach the Russian Empire for help. Hungarians were also aware that Emperor Franz Joseph was counting on Russian help to avenge his defeat at Königgrätz from 1866. The Czech effort to crush the monarchy were so strong that they overthrown the dualist government of Alfred Potocki . After Potocki's removal, Franz Joseph named Karl von Hohenwart new Minister-President of Cisleithania . Hohenwart advocated federalism and collapse of

925-630: The political situation. Croats were disappointed by creation of the dual monarchy in 1867, and with the Croatian-Hungarian Agreement in 1868, but were pleased with the unification of the Military Frontier with rest of Croatia. However, the people of the Military Frontier feared the Hungarian influence and higher taxes. In May 1871, Kvaternik wasn't elected to the Sabor , so in October he abandoned his party's aim of only using political resistance and launched

962-570: The revolt. After the dual monarchy was created in 1867, Germans and Hungarians become the most influential people in the monarchy, leaving Slavs, such as Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs and Slovenes, in an unprivileged position. The Prussian ambassador in Vienna, General Schweinitz, reported that the Czechs were trying to destroy the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy and that the Germans and Hungarians feared

999-663: The revolt. Nearby villages also joined them, including Broćanac, Brezovac, Mašvina, Plavća Draga and Močila. The revolt, however, ended unsuccessfully and Kvaternik was killed while trying to break out of Austro-Hungarian Army's encirclement. Squares in Zagreb and Čakovec , the Eugen Kvaternik Squares , are named after him, as is a street in Osijek , Ulica Eugena Kvaternika. "I hate neither Hungary nor Austria and all that I do I do out of immense love of Croatia." – Eugen Kvaternik Matija Mrazovi%C4%87 From Misplaced Pages,

1036-433: The revolution was its location; the village of Rakovica and the area of Kordun was mostly populated by Orthodox Serbs of Croatia . However, a large number of the local Orthodox population supported Kvaternik. Kvaternik gathered rebels in the village of Broćanac on October 7, 1871, and on the same day Kvaternik declared the Croatian People's Government and the rebels declared him president. Soon he gained supporters from

1073-530: The same time he was still in contact with the Grenzers. In March 1864, he made a revolutionary plan, anticipating the creation of the Croatian people's government and also started to publish a revolutionary newspaper in Geneva. In April 1864 he claimed to the Sardinian foreign ministry that Slavonia could provide some 300,000 men. The next month he claimed he could transfer the Granzers into "free Italy" in order to help

1110-575: The time, the rebels concluded they needed to capture the village of Drežnik. Rakijaš advanced with 300 men into Drežnik, however, the population refused to join them, so Rakijaš returned to Rakovica. On October 9, Kvaternik led the attack on Plaški , at which time the Austro-Hungarian Army reacted and sent Ogulin Regiment to deal with rebels, which upon arriving saw the majority of Kvaternik's 1700 rebels escaping. On October 10, Kvaternik's rebellion

1147-541: The villages of Rakovica, Broćanac, Brezovac, Mašvina , Plavča Draga and Gornja Močila . Kvaternik's government also made a declaration where he represented equality before the law, municipal self-governing, the abolition of military administration in the Croatian Military Frontier and introduction of free counties. In order to get to the border with Bosnia Vilayet which was part of the Ottoman Empire at

Rakovica revolt - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-546: Was against such measures, namely Hungarian Prime Minister Gyula Andrássy who advocated Croatian subordination to Hungary. Andrássy represented Croats as opponents of the Franz Joseph's regime so he used Kvaternik's rebellion as an example, since Kvaternik had in mind to declare Croatia independent from Austro-Hungarian rule. This led to fall of Hohenwart's government and abandonment of federalism. A statue of Kvaternik in Rakovica

1221-550: Was crushed, and he was executed on October 11, along with Bach, Rakijaš and one of the Čuić brothers (the other one took refuge in Serbia). The revolt ultimately failed. Immediately after rebellion, on 10 October, the Austrian government began the arrests. On November 11, the court sentenced seven participants to hanging, including Petar Ugarković, Petar Čuić, Marko Milošević, Janko Čuić, Ilija Šaša, Jozo Stregar and Petar Tepavac. Since there were no executioners available at that exact time,

1258-513: Was publishing an official newspaper of the "Party of Rights Hrvatska". Meanwhile, Rakijaš was released from prison and went to Zagreb where he closely cooperated with Kvaternik. Rakijaš soon moved to Karlovac and was employed as a police officer with Kvaternik's help by captain Fabiani, a supporter of the Party of Rights. The Grenzers would be in Karlovac on every Friday, which Rakijaš used to explain them

1295-506: Was soon forced to flee as he was a Russian citizen, and as such he was dangerous to the authorities. His expulsion was ordered by Ban Josip Šokčević , who hated him as well as members of the Party of Rights; Šokčević was advised to do so by Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer . After Austria was defeated by Prussia in the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866 and after Franz Joseph I of Austria was crowned as Hungarian king in 1867, Kvaternik got amnesty from

1332-475: Was stated that they would eliminate Ivan Mažuranić (who led a friendly policy with Austria at the time), Matija Mrazović  [ hr ] , Franjo Rački , Đuro Crnadak and Nikola Krešić . Also, before the rebellion started, Austria was governed by the government of Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart . His government had planned to federalize Austria-Hungary into three major parts: Austrian, Hungarian and South Slavic (Croatian) parts. The Hungarian ruling elite

1369-484: Was unveiled in 1933. After World War II, it was removed by the communist authorities, but was later returned. The statue was removed and damaged by Serbian soldiers during the Croatian War of Independence , and was restored in 1996. Eugen Kvaternik Eugen Kvaternik ( Croatian pronunciation: [ěugen kʋǎternik] ; 31 October 1825 – 11 October 1871) was a Croatian nationalist politician and one of

#278721