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42-516: For the construction of this building, the Havana building authorities granted a permit in 1947 amending the ordinances that were then in effect in El Vedado prohibiting the construction of buildings of more than three storeys. This statute was modified six years later to expand the construction of up to four floors because many planners and owners claimed the need to authorize them to build taller buildings in

84-440: A few such episodes have never left Cuba and little is therefore known about them. Of all these missing radio shows were recorded at station CMQ in Havana, between 1947 and 1961, no one knows how many still survive, and they are considered rare and invaluable for fans and collectors of the series. In the peak of their success, the performances of the cast were taken to countries such as Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Panama and

126-426: A large glass door. While Figueredo shoots twice from his seat, I go to the entrance of CMQ, I point (my gun) at the guard and I say "do not close, because if you do I'll open it up with bullets." That man was paralyzed, but he did not continue. Just a moment later Jose Antonio and the others come down. They had cut the transmission and did not finish reading the message. When we passed the corner of Jovellar and L we felt

168-437: A large scale relating to the important intersection. This same scale was adopted in the restaurant that was located on the opposite corner on M. Street. The wide gallery gives access to the lobby of the office building. The third building is set up by a prismatic piece on M Street, also set back to emphasize the two corners. The cinema with a capacity for 1,700 spectators was originally a Cinerama which used three projectors and

210-456: A twenty-five-foot radius screen. It had a small stage in which short-term shows could be offered, in order to entertain the audience in the middle of the films. The radio station CMQ occupied part of the offices of the ten-story building, which was attached to the block of rental offices. In this area, a part of the land had also been reserved for future television installations, which had not yet been built. In one of its studios, Studio Number 2

252-532: Is a central business district and urban neighborhood in the city of Havana , Cuba . Bordered on the east by Calzada de Infanta and Central Havana , and on the west by the Alemendares River and Miramar / Playa district, Vedado is a more modern part of the city than the areas to the east, developed in the first half of the 20th century, during the Republic period. In 2016 it was described by one commentator as

294-961: Is also the centerpoint of the city's gay scene in a country which now grants many rights to LGBT citizens . At night, 23rd St. is reminiscent of a gay district between the Cinema Yara and Coppelia ice cream parlor, and the foot of 23rd at the Malecón , with numerous gay entertainment options nearby such as the Bim Bom outdoor bar and the Las Vegas nightclub. Many of the casas particulares target LGBT clients as customers. [REDACTED] Cuba portal [REDACTED] Media related to Vedado at Wikimedia Commons 23°07′52″N 82°23′39″W  /  23.1311111111°N 82.3941666667°W  / 23.1311111111; -82.3941666667 Raymond Hood Raymond Mathewson Hood (March 29, 1881 – August 14, 1934)

336-694: Is believed to have coined the term "Architecture of the Night" in a 1930 pamphlet published by General Electric. Hood died at age 53 due to arthritis and was interred at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York . Hood's buildings were featured in works by Georgia O'Keeffe ( Radiator Building—Night, New York , 1927), Diego Rivera ( Frozen Asssets, 1931), and Berenice Abbott ( McGraw-Hill Building , 1936; Fortieth Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue , 1938), and Samuel Gottscho ( Rockefeller Center and RCA Building from 515 Madison Ave , 1933). In 1984,

378-454: Is necessary for the cooperation of architectural specialists. In 1952 the CMQ Radio and TV Network planned to provide administrative offices, a radio station and housing for employees. CMQ selected a 10,000 m (110,000 sq ft) plot of land costing approximately 700,000 pesos. The company Fomento de Hipotecas Aseguradas (FHA) financed 80% of the cost of the residences and 60% of

420-581: The CMQ complex to announce the news of Batista's death and to encourage the people of Havana into a general strike and to incite them to join an armed rebellion. José Antonio Echeverría , who was President of the Federation of University Students (Federación Estudiantil Universitaria - FEU), and leader of the assault of CMQ Radio made the speech at the regular time of a music program which most people listened to so that Echeverría's anti-Batista speech would be broadcast to

462-517: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology . At MIT, Hood studied under Constant-Désiré Despradelle , a prominent proponent of the Beaux-Arts style . Hood excelled at creating meticulously rendered architectural drawings, and after graduating worked as a draftsman for Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson . During his time at Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson, Hood purportedly worked on the 1899 design of

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504-533: The Presidential Palace Attack of 1957 where over fifty people died, as explained by Faure Chaumón Mediavilla, one of the leaders of the attack. The plan had been to attack and kill Fulgencio Batista at his office in the Presidential Palace by a commando of about fifty men and simultaneously support this operation with more than one hundred men, some would occupy the radio station Radio Reloj at

546-622: The Classical Revival Deborah Cook Sayles Public Library . In June 1904, Hood returned to Pawtucket before leaving for Europe with the intention of studying at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Hood failed his first attempt at the entrance exam in October 1904 though was accepted after his second attempt in 1905. His capstone diplôme project at the École was a city hall for Pawtucket, his hometown. The project, which

588-554: The Cuban architectural firm of Arroyo and Menéndez, the1958, the twenty-three story Edificio Seguro Medico by Antonio Quintana, among others. Walter Gropius , during a visit he made in 1949 to Havana referred to the Radiocentro CMQ Building to defend the need for architectural teamwork and collaboration among architects: It is impossible for the architect to know all of the equipment and installation requirements; therefor, it

630-524: The Cuban company Ornacen, with the help of the architects Fernando Salinas and Eduardo Rodríguez acting as technical consultants. The image of the mosaics was obtained with a cement mixture colored with fine gravel of crushed marble and marble powder, then polished. Bronze sheets delimited the embedded mosaics. The mosaics are approximately fourteen to eighteen inches square and 15 different designs are repeated over several blocks. There are 180 mosaics in total. The sidewalks along Calle L and Calle 23 in front of

672-567: The Dominican Republic, where they were acclaimed. The Radiocentro CMQ Building of 1947, built on 23rd Street between Calles L and M in El Vedado , was the first mixed use building in Cuba . The architectural program of the building included businesses, offices, radio, and television studios, as well as the Cinerama Warner cinema. This project joined the expertise of the structural engineers,

714-525: The Parisian Salon de Mai and was organized by Carlos Franqui with the assistance from Wifredo Lam , René Portocarrero , Alexander Calder , Joan Miró and Pablo Picasso . The exhibition presented works by more than one hundred artists and represented rival schools of twentieth-century art as well as early modernists (Picasso, Miro, Magritte ). Fifteen artists contributed their original works to be reproduced in sidewalk mosaics of integral color granite by

756-409: The Radiocentro CMQ Building (now Yara Cinema) one can still find the works of the artists who contributed designs such as Wifredo Lam, René Portocarrero, Hugo Consuegra, Mariano Rodríguez, Cundo Bermúdez, Cundo Bermúdez, Amelia Peláez, Luis Martínez Pedro, Salvador Corratge, Raúl Martínez, Antonio Vidal, Mariano Rodríguez and Sandu Darié. The Radiocentro CMQ Building played a part in the general plan of

798-584: The U.S. firm Purdy and Henderson, Engineers , and the architects Martín Domínguez Esteban [2] and Miguel Gastón and Emilio del Junco, all members of the ATEC (Cuban section of the CIAM ). The building had a great impact since it was published in the magazine L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui . The building is a series of independent boxes, it was designed by the Basque architect Martín Domínguez Esteban (1897-1970). Esteban had been

840-576: The architect of the Hipódromo de la Zarzuela , along with Carlos Arniches. The CMQ Building was loosely modeled after Raymond Hood 's Rockefeller Center . [3] The Radiocentro CMQ Building had an impact on many Cuban architects who subscribed to Modern architecture and buildings that would be built in the following years, such as the Hotel Habana Hilton across La Rampa (now known as Hotel Habana Libre) designed by Welton Becket and associates with

882-442: The area. The building was set back from the property line five meters, adding four meters for an arcade which allowed a distance from the road while adjusting to the strong slope of 23rd Street , in this way the arcade became a wide gallery and at the same time sub-divided the basement level. This gallery became the covered hall of the cinema located in the upper corner with Calle L. The building had an expressionist curved cover of

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924-608: The building, produced in collaboration with architect Jacques André Fouilhoux , Hood moved towards a looser interpretation of Gothic architecture, cladding the structure in black brick. The design was additionally noted for its revolutionary use of lighting. According to art and architectural historian Dietrich Neumann , the design "helped to introduce a new age of color and light in American architecture." Hood did not consider himself an artist, but saw himself as "manufacturing shelter", writing: There has been entirely too much talk about

966-630: The center of the wall. In 1943 while France was under German occupation, a group of Paris artists in a café on the Rue Dauphineartists formed what they called an association with the intent to exhibit art as an answer to the Nazi party's description of Modern art as Degenerate art ; eventually, they organized the Salon de Mai . The group presented its first exhibition in May 1945. Under the leadership of Gaston Diehl,

1008-399: The city's "most affluent" section. The main street running east to west is Calle 23, also known as "La Rampa". The northern edge of the district is the waterfront seawall known as the Malecón , a famous and popular place for social gatherings in the city. The area popularly referred to as 'Vedado' consists of the wards ( consejos populares ) of Vedado, Rampa, Vedado-Malecón and Carmelo, all in

1050-409: The collaboration of architect, painter and sculptor; nowadays, the collaborators are the architects, the engineer, and the plumber. ... Buildings are constructed for certain purposes, and the buildings of today are more practical, from the standpoint of the man who is in them than the older buildings. ... We are considering effort and convenience much more than appearance or effect. Hood's design theory

1092-568: The commercial shops. El Banco Continental Cubano granted a credit of 6 million pesos. Martín Domínguez Esteban with Ernesto Gómez-Sampera designed the FOCSA Building , a modernist project aimed to provide housing for its workers and additional radio stations. Work began in February 1954 and finished in June 1956. At the time of construction it was the second-largest residential concrete building in

1134-611: The competition beating the designs of prominent competitors, including Eliel Saarinen , Walter Gropius , and Adolf Loos . The design proved pivotal in Hood's career, catalyzing his emergence as a preeminent architect of the era. Among the commissions received by Hood in the immediate wake of his design for the Tribune Tower, was a design for a new New York office tower for the American Radiator Company . In his 1924 design for

1176-461: The door of the CMQ station building. The other two had the mission of closing the street in each corner to avoid interruptions. They entered the building with authority. While they went up to the transmission booth, the driver concentrated on preventing the car from going out, and I went out with the machine gun to ensure the return without mishap. About five minutes later I see that the doorman starts to close

1218-565: The first Salon de Mai exhibition took place in the Galerie Pierre Maurs (3, avenue Matignon) from 29 May to 29 June 1945. More than 20 years later in July 1967, the Salon de Mayo came to Havana as el Salón de Mayo . It was the group's first exhibition in America. The Salón de Mayo was an art exhibition in Havana that took place in July 1967. It was an artists' collective that took its name from

1260-695: The municipality of Plaza de la Revolución . Among the notable sites in Vedado are the hotels: Hotel Nacional de Cuba (National Hotel), the Havana Libre (former Hilton), Melia Cohiba Hotel and Hotel Riviera . In addition: Nearby neighborhoods include: Aero Caribbean has its headquarters in Vedado. The Venezuelan airline Conviasa has an office in the IACC Building in Vedado. Instituto de Aeronáutica Civil de Cuba , Cuba's civil aviation authority, has its headquarters in Vedado. 23rd Street in Vedado

1302-483: The practicalities of zoning laws and the restraints of economics, each of his major buildings were different enough to suggest that Hood's design artistry was a significant factor in the final result. While a student at the École des Beaux-Arts, Hood met John Mead Howells, with whom he later partnered. Hood frequently employed architectural sculptor Rene Paul Chambellan both for architectural sculptures for his building and to make plasticine models of his projects. Hood

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1344-610: The siren of a police car after us. Right there I told the Chinese Figueredo to keep quiet and let the patrol pass. Well, he started like a fireball and rammed the police car almost head-on. With the crash, I fell to the ground, but I remember how Jose Antonio had the impulse to open the door shooting at the cops. Even today I have very clear in my memory the fat man falling almost in front of us." Radiocentro CMQ Building Q58815609 El Vedado Vedado ( Spanish : El Vedado , Spanish pronunciation: [el βeˈðaðo] )

1386-461: The whole Cuban nation. Echeverría estimated that the rioters could only occupy the radio station for three minutes, therefore he had to prepare a speech which lasted three minutes at most. Echeverría managed to finish his speech at the 181st-second mark. He managed to leave the station unharmed and on the way to the University of Havana, just a few blocks away, his car was intercepted by a patrol car. He

1428-661: The world, second only to the Martinelli Building in São Paulo , Brazil . It surpassed the López Serrano Building in height which had been Cuba's tallest building. The FOCSA shares some curious design similarities with the Edificio del Seguro Médico of 1958 by Antonio Quintana including single loading of apartments, natural ventilation of the apartments and a small rear window under the kitchen cabinets marking vertically

1470-506: Was aligned with that of the Bauhaus , in that he valued utility as beauty: Beauty is utility, developed in a manner to which the eye is accustomed by habit, in so far as this development does not detract from its quality of usefulness. Despite this paean to utility, Hood's designs featured non-utilitarian aspects such as roof gardens, polychromy , and Art Deco ornamentation. As much as Hood might insist that his designs were largely determined by

1512-604: Was an American architect who worked in the Neo-Gothic and Art Deco styles. He is best known for his designs of the Tribune Tower , American Radiator Building , and Rockefeller Center . Through a short yet highly successful career, Hood exerted an outsized influence on twentieth century architecture. Raymond Mathewson Hood was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island on March 29, 1881, to John Parmenter Hood and Vella Mathewson. John Hood

1554-601: Was common for the entire complex, had different types of commercial establishments: several exhibition halls, a bank, a restaurant, and a cafeteria. The pedestrian circulation was designed in such a way so that it made it necessary to pass in front of these premises. La Tremenda Corte aired uninterrupted from 1942 to 1961 (first RHC Cadena Azul and later at QMC), and its sole writer was Vispo. Despite such strenuous work for his imagination, Vispo always managed to pull through during this period. Over 360 shows are estimated to have been recorded, many of which are still heard on radio, but

1596-482: Was killed during the shootout on the sidewalk of the north side of the university. Otto Hernández Fernández the last survivor of the Radio Reloj, CMQ attack remembers March 13, 1957: "The assailants went out in three cars to Radio Reloj. Carlos Figueredo traveled as our driver, Fructuoso Rodríguez, José Antonio Echeverría, Joe Westbrook and myself. According to our plan, Echeverría was the only one that had to reach

1638-540: Was likewise never realized, was published in The Providence Journal under the headline "A Striking Plan for Dignifying Civic Centre." In 1922, New York architect John Mead Howells , who had met him at the École des Beaux-Arts, invited Hood to become his partner in the Chicago Tribune building competition in which Howells had been invited to compete. The neo-Gothic design submitted by Howells and Hood won

1680-503: Was never realized, fused classical features with modern technology. In 1911, Hood returned to the US, taking a job at the office of Henry Hornbostel in Pittsburgh. In 1916, Hood designed an ambitious plan for downtown Providence ; the project's defining feature was a 600 feet (180 m) civic tower, whose pedimented base occupied the entire southern edge of Exchange Place . The plan, which

1722-905: Was the owner of J.N. Polsey & Co., a crate and box manufacturing company. The family lived at 107 Cottage Street in a house designed by John Hood and local architect Albert H. Humes . In a 1931 profile of Hood in The New Yorker , writer Allene Talmey described the Hood home as "the ugliest place in town." In 1893, the Hood family visited the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, an experience that may have sparked Hood's interest in architecture. In 1898, Hood graduated from Pawtucket High School. Later that year Hood enrolled at Brown University . At Brown he studied mathematics, rhetoric, French, and drawing. In 1899, seeking more opportunities to pursue an architectural education, Hood enrolled at

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1764-520: Was the venue not only of radio program transmissions but also that studio was the location of all or most of the RCA Victor recordings in Cuba from 1948 to 1959. The label at the CMQ complex was Discuba , a Cuban record label founded in 1959 by RCA Victor . It released music by several internationally successful artists such as Celia Cruz , Beny Moré , Orquesta Aragón and La Lupe . The ground floor, which

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