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78-416: (Redirected from Presidential Palace ) Official residence of a president A presidential palace is the official residence of the president in some countries. Some presidential palaces were once the official residences to monarchs in former monarchies that were preserved during those states' transition into republics . Some other presidential palaces were once

156-422: A Hippodamian grid plan . Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, his general Ptolemy Lagides took possession of Egypt and brought Alexander's body to Egypt with him. Ptolemy at first ruled from the old Egyptian capital of Memphis . In 322/321 BC he had Cleomenes executed. Finally, in 305 BC, Ptolemy declared himself Pharaoh as Ptolemy I Soter ("Savior") and moved his capital to Alexandria. Although Cleomenes

234-458: A Roman triumphal column , is one of the best-known ancient monuments still standing in Alexandria today. It is located on Alexandria's ancient acropolis —a modest hill located adjacent to the city's Arab cemetery —and was originally part of a temple colonnade. Including its pedestal , it is 30 m (99 ft) high; the shaft is of polished red granite, 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in diameter at

312-575: A hot steppe climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh ), virtually hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification : BWh ). Like the rest of Egypt's northern coast , the prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives the city a less severe climate than the desert hinterland. Rafah and Alexandria are the wettest places in Egypt; the other wettest places are Rosetta , Baltim , Kafr el-Dawwar , and Mersa Matruh . The city's climate

390-402: A Greek unit of length measuring approximately 180 m or 590 ft). The end of this abutted on the land at the head of the present Grand Square, where the "Moon Gate" rose. All that now lies between that point and the modern "Ras al-Tin" quarter is built on the silt which gradually widened and obliterated this mole. The Ras al-Tin quarter represents all that is left of the island of Pharos,

468-541: A Nile river delta, Alexandria is one of the most vulnerable cities to sea level rise in the entire world. According to some estimates, hundreds of thousands of people in its low-lying areas may already have to be relocated before 2030. The 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report estimates that by 2050, Alexandria and 11 other major African cities ( Abidjan , Algiers , Cape Town , Casablanca , Dakar , Dar es Salaam , Durban , Lagos , Lomé , Luanda and Maputo ) would collectively sustain cumulative damages of US$ 65 billion for

546-645: A Ptolemaic colonnade and streets in the north-east of the city, but little else. Hogarth explored part of an immense brick structure under the mound of Kom El Deka , which may have been part of the Paneum, the Mausolea, or a Roman fortress. The making of the new foreshore led to the dredging up of remains of the Patriarchal Church; and the foundations of modern buildings are seldom laid without some objects of antiquity being discovered. The most famous mosque in Alexandria

624-522: A bishop decreed that Paganism must be eradicated. Beneath the acropolis itself are the subterranean remains of the Serapeum, where the mysteries of the god Serapis were enacted and whose carved wall niches are believed to have provided overflow storage space for the ancient Library. In more recent years, many ancient artifacts have been discovered from the surrounding sea, mostly pieces of old pottery. Alexandria's catacombs , known as Kom El Shoqafa , are

702-931: A museum [REDACTED] Cyprus Presidential Palace, Nicosia [REDACTED] East Timor Nicolau Lobato Presidential Palace , Dili [REDACTED] India Rashtrapati Bhavan , New Delhi Official residence [REDACTED] Rashtrapati Nilayam , Hyderabad Winter retreat [REDACTED] Rashtrapati Niwas , Shimla Summer retreat [REDACTED] The Retreat Building , Shimla [REDACTED] Indonesia Istana Merdeka , Jakarta [REDACTED] Istana Negara, Jakarta [REDACTED] Istana Cipanas , Cipanas [REDACTED] Istana Bogor , Bogor [REDACTED] Gedung Agung , Yogyakarta [REDACTED] Istana Tampaksiring , Bali [REDACTED] Iran Sa'dabad Palace , Tehran ; Office of

780-1933: A museum since 1959 [REDACTED] Palacio de la Revolucion , Havana [REDACTED] Dominica Government House, Roseau [REDACTED] Dominican Republic National Palace, Santo Domingo [REDACTED] Ecuador Carondelet Palace , Quito [REDACTED] El Salvador Casa Presidencial, San Salvador [REDACTED] Guatemala National Palace, Guatemala City [REDACTED] Guyana State House, Georgetown [REDACTED] Haiti National Palace , Port-au-Prince [REDACTED] Honduras Presidential Palace , Tegucigalpa Mexico National Palace, Mexico City Official residence [REDACTED] Nicaragua Presidential Palace, Managua House of Peoples , Managua [REDACTED] Panama Palacio de las Garzas , Panama City [REDACTED] Paraguay Palacio de los López , Asunción [REDACTED] Peru Government Palace, Lima [REDACTED] Suriname Gouvernementsgebouw , Paramaribo [REDACTED] Trinidad and Tobago President's House , Port of Spain [REDACTED] United States White House , Washington, D.C. Official residence [REDACTED] Uruguay Executive Tower, Montevideo Government office [REDACTED] Residencia de Suárez , Montevideo Official residence [REDACTED] Venezuela Miraflores Palace , Caracas Government office [REDACTED] La Casona Official residence [REDACTED] Asia [ edit ] Country Building Notes Image Afghanistan Arg , Kabul Meeting place of

858-461: A seawall, quays and a bridge. Near the beach side of the area, there are the remains of a tower built by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. The tower was an exact scale replica of the destroyed Alexandrine Pharos Lighthouse . Citadel of Qaitbay is a defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast. It was established in 1477 AD (882 AH ) by the mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay . The Citadel

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936-429: A short distance southwest of the pillar, consist of a multi-level labyrinth, reached via a large spiral staircase and featuring dozens of chambers adorned with sculpted pillars, statues, and other syncretic Romano-Egyptian religious symbols , burial niches, and sarcophagi , as well as a large Roman-style banquet room, where memorial meals were conducted by relatives of the deceased. The catacombs were long forgotten by

1014-415: A successful attempt to erect a 25-ton obelisk in 1999. This followed two experiments to erect smaller obelisks and two failed attempts to erect a 25-ton obelisk. "Pompey's Pillar" is a misnomer , as it has nothing to do with Pompey , having been erected in 293 for Diocletian , possibly in memory of the rebellion of Domitius Domitianus . The structure was plundered and demolished in the 4th century when

1092-542: Is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez . The city extends about 40 km (25 mi) along the northern coast of Egypt and is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the second-largest in Egypt (after Cairo ), the fourth-largest city in the Arab world , the ninth-largest city in Africa , and the ninth-largest urban area in Africa . The city

1170-475: Is built up') existed since the 13th century BC in the vicinity and eventually grew into the Egyptian quarter of the city. Just east of Alexandria (where Abu Qir Bay is now), there were in ancient times marshland and several islands. As early as the 7th century BC, there existed important port cities of Canopus and Heracleion . The latter was recently rediscovered underwater. Alexandria was founded by Alexander

1248-589: Is in the Far West Nile delta area. It is a densely populated city; its core areas belie its large administrative area. Notes: 2020 CAPMAS projection based on 2017 revised census figures, may differ significantly from 2017 census preliminary tabulations. The 14 kisms were reported simply as Alexandria city by CAPMAS in 2006 but given explosive growth definitions, likely informal, may have changed or may be set to change. Same area with 12 kisms existed in 1996. Kisms are considered 'fully urbanised' Alexandria has

1326-537: Is influenced by the Mediterranean Sea , moderating its temperatures, causing variable rainy winters and moderately hot and slightly prolonged summers that, at times, can be very humid; January and February are the coolest months, with daily maximum temperatures typically ranging from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F) and minimum temperatures that could reach 5 °C (41  °F ). Alexandria experiences violent storms , rain and sometimes sleet and hail during

1404-579: Is located on the eastern side of the northern tip of Pharos Island at the mouth of the Eastern Harbour . It was erected on the exact site of the famous Lighthouse of Alexandria , which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . It was built on an area of 17,550 square metres . Persistent efforts have been made to explore the antiquities of Alexandria. Encouragement and help have been given by

1482-584: Is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast . It lies at the western edge of the Nile River delta . Founded in c.  331 BC by Alexander the Great , Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation , eventually replacing Memphis , in present-day Greater Cairo , as Egypt's capital. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" internationally, Alexandria

1560-637: The Battle of Ridaniya in 1517, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks and remained under Ottoman rule until 1798. Alexandria lost much of its former importance to the Egyptian port city of Rosetta during the 9th to 18th centuries, and it only regained its former prominence with the construction of the Mahmoudiyah Canal in 1820. Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon 's expedition to Egypt in 1798. French troops stormed

1638-724: The Cabinet of Afghanistan [REDACTED] Armenia President's House, Yerevan [REDACTED] Azerbaijan Zagulba Presidential Residence, Baku Built in 2008 [REDACTED] Bangladesh Bangabhaban , Dhaka Built in 1905 [REDACTED] China Zhongnanhai , Beijing Headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party [REDACTED] Presidential Palace, Guangzhou Destroyed in 1922, rebuilt as Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Presidential Palace, Nanjing Former residence from 1927 to 1949, now

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1716-553: The Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria both lay claim to this ancient heritage. By 641, the city had already been largely plundered and lost its significance before re-emerging in the modern era. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major centre of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centres in the world, both because it profited from

1794-640: The Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo ). Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria ( Pharos ), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ; its Great Library , the largest in the ancient world; and the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa , one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages . Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural centre of

1872-464: The "moderate" climate change scenario RCP 4.5 and US$ 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5, while RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from marine ice sheet instability at high levels of warming would involve up to US$ 137.5 billion in damages. Additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to US$ 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, US$ 206 billion for RCP8.5 and US$ 397 billion under

1950-670: The 21st century in Detroit and New York City , although as of 2016 the mayors of both cities live in the official residences. In the case of Denver , no mayor has ever lived in the official residence; the city instead makes it available to certain non-profit groups for special functions. The following are official residences maintained by private, nongovernmental institutions: Alexandria Alexandria ( / ˌ æ l ɪ ɡ ˈ z æ n d r i ə , - ˈ z ɑː n -/ AL -ig- ZA(H)N -dree-ə ; Arabic : الإسكندرية ; Ancient Greek : Ἀλεξάνδρεια , Coptic : Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)

2028-524: The 4th century AD. This underwater section, containing many of the most interesting sections of the Hellenistic city, including the palace quarter, was explored in 1992 and is still being extensively investigated by the French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio and his team . It raised a noted head of Caesarion . These are being opened up to tourists, to some controversy. The spaces that are most open are

2106-515: The Arabs under the general 'Amr ibn al-'As invaded it during the Muslim conquest of Egypt , after a siege that lasted 14 months. The first Arab governor of Egypt recorded to have visited Alexandria was Utba ibn Abi Sufyan , who strengthened the Arab presence and built a governor's palace in the city in 664–665. In reference to Alexandria, Ibn Battuta speaks of a number of Muslim saints that resided in

2184-1017: The Congo Palais du Peuple  [ fr ] , Brazzaville Democratic Republic of the Congo Palais de la Nation, Kinshasa [REDACTED] Côte d'Ivoire Presidential Palace , Abidjan Presidential Palace , Yamoussoukro Djibouti Presidential Palace , Djibouti City [REDACTED] Egypt Abdeen Palace , Cairo [REDACTED] Heliopolis Palace , Cairo Koubbeh Palace , Cairo Montaza Palace , Alexandria Ras el-Tin Palace , Alexandria Equatorial Guinea Malabo Government Building , Malabo Eritrea Asmara President's Office , Asmara [REDACTED] Ethiopia National Palace, Addis Ababa Gabon Presidential Palace , Libreville The Gambia State House of

2262-1833: The Gambia , Banjul Ghana Jubilee House , Accra [REDACTED] Guinea Presidential Palace, Conakry Guinea-Bissau Presidential Palace , Bissau [REDACTED] Kenya State House, Nairobi [REDACTED] Liberia Executive Mansion, Monrovia Madagascar Iavoloha Palace , Antananarivo [REDACTED] Ambohitsorohitra Palace , Antananarivo Ceremonial residence [REDACTED] Malawi Kamuzu Palace , Lilongwe Mali Presidential Palace , Bamako Mauritania Presidential Palace, Nouakchott Mauritius State House, Reduit Mozambique Palácio da Ponta Vermelha , Maputo Namibia State House of Namibia , Windhoek Niger Presidential Palace , Niamey Nigeria Nigerian Presidential Complex , Abuja Rwanda Urugwiro , Kigali São Tomé and Príncipe Presidential Palace , São Tomé [REDACTED] Senegal Presidential Palace , Dakar Seychelles State House, Victoria [REDACTED] Sierra Leone State House, Freetown [REDACTED] Somalia Villa Somalia , Mogadishu Somaliland Somaliland Presidential Palace , Hargeisa [REDACTED] South Africa Mahlamba Ndlopfu , Pretoria [[File:Libertas, since 1994 known as Mahlamba Ndlopfu, in 1934 by Gerard Moerdijk designed as official residence in Pretoria for

2340-576: The Great in April 331 BC as Ἀλεξάνδρεια ( Alexandreia ), as one of his many city foundations . After he captured the Egyptian Satrapy from the Persians , Alexander wanted to build a large Greek city on Egypt's coast that would bear his name. He chose the site of Alexandria, envisioning the building of a causeway to the nearby island of Pharos that would generate two great natural harbours. Alexandria

2418-504: The Great Harbour. The names of a few other public buildings on the mainland are known, but there is little information as to their actual position. None, however, are as famous as the building that stood on the eastern point of Pharos island. There, The Great Lighthouse , one of the Seven Wonders of the World , reputed to be 138 m (453 ft) high, was situated. The first Ptolemy began

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2496-604: The Mexico the Palacio de Gobierno , or Government Palace, was the official residence the governor, they are now maintained solely as the relevant governor's offices. Querétaro Former residence Official estates of the Swiss Federal Council : Some mayors in cities with an official mayor's residence choose instead to reside at their private residence, using the official residence for official functions only. This has occurred in

2574-744: The President Opens in Juba" . gurtong.net. 23 August 2011 . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . ^ "State House of Uganda - History" . statehouse.go.ug . Retrieved 14 July 2013 . ^ "State House of the Republic of Zambia" . statehouse.gov.zm . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . ^ "Official website of the Casa Presidencial, Costa Rica" (in Spanish). www.presidencia.go.cr . Retrieved 18 July 2013 . ^ "Presidential palace from

2652-890: The Presidential Palace, Suva" . beautifulpacific.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014 . Retrieved 16 July 2013 . External links [ edit ] World's Most Stunning Presidential Palaces - slideshow by The Huffington Post Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidential_palace&oldid=1256480615 " Categories : Presidential residences Official residences Hidden categories: CS1 Somali-language sources (so) CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Dynamic lists Official residence The provinces of Ontario and Quebec no longer have official residences for their lieutenant governors , but do provide them with accommodations; in

2730-507: The Rosetta Gate, but remnants of streets and canals were exposed in 1899 by German excavators outside the east fortifications, which lie well within the area of the ancient city. Alexandria consisted originally of little more than the island of Pharos, which was joined to the mainland by a 1,260 m-long (4,130 ft) mole and called the Heptastadion ("seven stadia"—a stadium was

2808-585: The Serapeum. Nearby, immense catacombs and columbaria have been opened which may have been appendages of the temple. These contain one very remarkable vault with curious painted reliefs, now artificially lit and open to visitors. The objects found in these researches are in the museum, the most notable being a great basalt bull, probably once an object of cult in the Serapeum. Other catacombs and tombs have been opened in Kom El Shoqafa (Roman) and Ras El Tin (painted). The German excavation team found remains of

2886-710: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies in 1895; and a German expedition worked for two years (1898–1899). But two difficulties face the would-be excavator in Alexandria: lack of space for excavation and the underwater location of some areas of interest. Since the great and growing modern city stands immediately over the ancient one, it is almost impossible to find any considerable space in which to dig, except at enormous cost. Cleopatra VII 's royal quarters were inundated by earthquakes and tsunami, leading to gradual subsidence in

2964-643: The Sultan of Egypt at the time, al-Nasir Muhammad . Ibn Battuta also visited the Pharos lighthouse on two occasions: in 1326 he found it to be partly in ruins and in 1349 it had deteriorated to the point that it was no longer possible to enter. During the Middle Ages , the Mamluk Sultanate provided amenities for European merchants to stay in the port cities of Alexandria and Damietta , so hotels were built and placed at

3042-1031: The Supreme Leader of Iran [REDACTED] Iraq Radwaniyah Palace , Baghdad Israel Beit HaNassi , Jerusalem [REDACTED] Kazakhstan Ak Orda Presidential Palace , Astana [REDACTED] North Korea Ryongsong Residence , Pyongyang Current residence Kumsusan Palace of the Sun , Pyongyang Former residence [REDACTED] South Korea Presidential Residence of South Korea , Seoul Current residence Blue House , Seoul Former residence [REDACTED] Kyrgyzstan White House, Bishkek Ala Archa State Residence , Bishkek Current residence Laos Presidential Palace , Vientiane [REDACTED] Lebanon Baabda Palace , Beirut Maldives Muliaage , Malé Built in 1914, as

3120-568: The ancient Mediterranean for much of the Hellenistic age and late antiquity . It was at one time the largest city in the ancient world before being eventually overtaken by Rome . The city was a major centre of early Christianity and was the centre of the Patriarchate of Alexandria , which was one of the major centres of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire . In the modern world,

3198-513: The base, tapering to 2.4 m (7.9 ft) at the top. The shaft is 88 ft (27 m) high and made out of a single piece of granite. Its volume is 132 m (4,662 cu ft) and weight approximately 396 tons. Pompey's Pillar may have been erected using the same methods that were used to erect the ancient obelisks . The Romans had cranes but they were not strong enough to lift something this heavy. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehrner conducted several obelisk erecting experiments including

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3276-618: The case of Ontario, only if necessary. There is a Government House in Regina, Saskatchewan , though it does not serve as a residence, containing only the lieutenant governor 's offices. Alberta also has a Government House , but it is used solely for official entertaining and meetings. French Polynesia The following are official residences maintained by private, nongovernmental institutions: Federal States Brandenburg / Prussia / Imperial / East Germany / Former West Germany Other Presidential Palace * In every state of

3354-458: The centre of the city, close to the point where the Sema (or Soma) of Alexander (his Mausoleum ) rose. This point is very near the present mosque of Nebi Daniel ; the line of the great East–West "Canopic" street is also present in modern-day Alexandria, having only slightly diverged from the line of the modern Boulevard de Rosette (now Sharae Fouad). Traces of its pavement and canal have been found near

3432-507: The citizens until they were discovered by accident in 1900. The most extensive ancient excavation currently being conducted in Alexandria is known as Kom El Deka . It has revealed the ancient city's well-preserved theater, and the remains of its Roman-era baths . The temple was built in the Ptolemy era and dedicated to Osiris, which finished the construction of Alexandria. It is located in Abusir,

3510-565: The city on 2 July 1798, and it remained in their hands until the arrival of a British expedition in 1801. The British won a considerable victory over the French at the Battle of Alexandria on 21 March 1801, following which they besieged the city , which fell to them on 2 September 1801. Muhammad Ali , the Ottoman governor of Egypt, began rebuilding and redevelopment around 1810 and, by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. Egypt turned to Europe in their effort to modernise

3588-513: The city. One such saint was Imam Borhan Oddin El Aaraj, who was said to perform miracles. Another notable figure was Yaqut al-'Arshi, a disciple of Abu Abbas El Mursi . Ibn Battuta also writes about Abu 'Abdallah al-Murshidi, a saint that lived in the Minyat of Ibn Murshed. Although al-Murshidi lived in seclusion, Ibn Battuta writes that he was regularly visited by crowds, high state officials, and even by

3666-471: The climate of Alexandria in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Gaza City . The annual temperature would increase by 2.8 °C (5.0 °F), and the temperature of the warmest and the coldest month by 2.9 °C (5.2 °F) and 3.1 °C (5.6 °F). According to Climate Action Tracker , the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. Due to its location on

3744-493: The cooler months; these events, combined with a poor drainage system, have been responsible for occasional flooding in the city in the past though they rarely occur anymore. July and August are the hottest and driest months of the year, with an average daily maximum temperature of 30 °C (86  °F ). The average annual rainfall is around 211 mm (8.3 in) but has been as high as 417 mm (16.4 in) Port Said , Kosseir , Baltim , Damietta and Alexandria have

3822-475: The country. Greeks, followed by other Europeans and others, began moving to the city. In the early 20th century, the city became a home for novelists and poets. In July 1882, the city came under bombardment from British naval forces and was occupied. In July 1954, the city was a target of an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the Lavon Affair . On 26 October 1954, Alexandria's Mansheya Square

3900-587: The course of Roman rule in Egypt , the city's name was Latinised as Alexandrēa ad Aegyptum . After the capture of Alexandria by the Rashiduns in AD 641, the name was Arabicised : initial Al- was re-analysed into the definite article ; metathesis occurred on x , from [ks] to [sk] ; and the suffix -eia was assimilated into the feminine adjectival suffix -iyya ( ـِيَّة ). Radiocarbon dating of seashell fragments and lead contamination show human activity at

3978-450: The distinction of its population's three largest ethnicities: Greek, Egyptian and Jewish. By the time of Augustus , the city grid encompassed an area of 10 km (3.9 sq mi), and the total population during the Roman principate was around 500,000–600,000, which would wax and wane in the course of the next four centuries under Roman rule. According to Philo of Alexandria , in

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4056-513: The easy overland connection between the Mediterranean and Red Seas and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton . Alexandria was located on the earlier Egyptian settlement, which was called Rhacotis ( Ancient Greek : Ῥακῶτις , romanized :  Rhakôtis ), the Hellenised form of Egyptian r-ꜥ-qd(y)t . As one of many settlements founded by Alexander the Great, the city he founded on Rhacotis

4134-702: The government in the Federal Palace of Switzerland . Ukraine Mariinskyi Palace , Kyiv [REDACTED] Oceania [ edit ] Country Building Notes Image Fiji Government House, Suva [REDACTED] See also [ edit ] Prime ministerial residences References [ edit ] ^ "Turkey's president moves into world's biggest palace costing £384 million" . Telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 2017-07-13 . ^ "Palace (in Angola)" . Roctest Group. Archived from

4212-488: The high-end ice sheet instability scenario. In every single estimate, Alexandria alone bears around half of these costs. Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures. Greek Alexandria was divided into three regions: Two main streets, lined with colonnades and said to have been each about 60 m (200 ft) wide, intersected in

4290-876: The hotel - Tegucigalpa" . tripadvisor.com . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . ^ "Presidential Palace, Managua, Nicaragua - Tripomatic" . tripomatic.com . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . ^ "3-Day Cabinet Meeting Held in Kandahar" . TOLOnews . 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 April 2022 . ^ "The Tajik Presidential Palace in Dushanbe, Tajikistan" . photobucket.com . Retrieved 16 July 2013 . ^ "Upmarket houses along road- Karimov to feel safer" . www.uznews.net. 6 December 2012 . Retrieved 25 March 2013 . ^ "Qasr Al Watan" . Qasr Al Watan . Retrieved 2019-04-21 . ^ "Presidential Palace, Chisinau" . www.virtualtourist.com . Retrieved 16 July 2013 . ^ "Guards at

4368-470: The largest cities ever built before the Industrial Revolution and the largest pre-industrial city that was not an imperial capital. Due to the constant presence of war in Alexandria in ancient times, very little of the ancient city has survived into the present day. Much of the royal and civic quarters sank beneath the harbour and the rest has been built over in modern times. " Pompey's Pillar ",

4446-593: The largest city in the world and, for some centuries more, was second only to Rome. It became Egypt's main Greek city, with Greek people from diverse backgrounds. The Septuagint , a Greek version of the Tanakh , was produced there. The early Ptolemies kept it in order and fostered the development of its museum into the leading Hellenistic centre of learning ( Library of Alexandria , which faced destruction during Caesar 's siege of Alexandria in 47 BC), but were careful to maintain

4524-477: The least temperature variation in Egypt. The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 30 May 1961, and the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °C (32 °F) on 31 January 1994. A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 , a "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100,

4602-468: The local Archaeological Society and by many individuals. Excavations were performed in the city by Greeks seeking the tomb of Alexander the Great without success. The past and present directors of the museum have been enabled from time to time to carry out systematic excavations whenever opportunity is offered; D. G. Hogarth made tentative researches on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Fund and

4680-510: The location during the period of the Old Kingdom (27th–21st centuries BC) and again in the period 1000–800 BC, followed by the absence of activity after that. From ancient sources it is known there existed a trading post at this location during the time of Rameses the Great for trade with Crete , but it had long been lost by the time of Alexander's arrival. A small Egyptian fishing village named Rhakotis ( Egyptian : rꜥ-qdy.t , 'That which

4758-399: The low grounds to northeast and southwest, where it is practically impossible to get below the Roman strata . The most important results were those achieved by Dr. G. Botti, late director of the museum, in the neighbourhood of "Pompey's Pillar", where there is a good deal of open ground. Here, substructures of a large building or group of buildings have been exposed, which are perhaps part of

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4836-515: The merchants' disposal so that they could live according to the pattern they were accustomed to in their country. Alexandria lost much of its importance in international trade after Portuguese navigators discovered a new sea route to India in the late 15th century. This reduced the amount of goods that needed to be transported through the Alexandrian port, as well as the Mamluks' political power. After

4914-888: The official residencies to governors in former colonies or subnational divisions that were preserved during their transition to independent states. List [ edit ] This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources . Africa [ edit ] UN member states Country Building Notes Image Algeria El Mouradia, Algiers Angola Presidential Palace, Luanda Benin Palais de la Marina , Cotonou Botswana State House, Gaborone Cape Verde Palácio Presidencial , Praia [REDACTED] Cameroon The Unity Palace , Yaoundé [REDACTED] Republic of

4992-1471: The original on 21 February 2014 . Retrieved 8 February 2014 . ^ "Palace (in Benin)" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-13 . Retrieved 2020-05-10 . ^ "Entrance to the Presidential Palace, Gaborone, Botswana" . www.agefotostock.com . Retrieved 25 March 2013 . ^ "Photo of Palais de la Nation, Kinshasa, DRC" . Panoramio . Retrieved 6 February 2014 . ^ "Presidential Palaces Djibouti, Kenya iyo Somalia" (in Somali). somalinet . Retrieved 5 February 2014 . ^ "Landmarks in Gabon, Africa" . USA Today . Retrieved 8 February 2014 . ^ "Guinea-Bissau Opens China-Funded Presidential Palace" . Fox News . 6 July 2013 . Retrieved 5 February 2014 . ^ Executive Mansion in 'Terrible Condition' - Gongloe Raises Alarms , Heritage via AllAfrica.com , 2013-08-29. Accessed 2014-01-29. ^ "The Presidential Palace, Bamako, Mali" . www.myspace.com . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ "Presidential Palace - Picture of Sao Tome Island" . tripadvisor.co.uk . Retrieved 8 February 2014 . ^ "Presidential Palace Senegal" . Wordpress. 2 September 2011 . Retrieved 5 February 2014 . ^ "Presidential Buildings" . ^ "New Office of

5070-414: The project, and the second Ptolemy ( Ptolemy II Philadelphus ) completed it, at a total cost of 800  talents . It took 12 years to complete and served as a prototype for all later lighthouses in the world. The light was produced by a furnace at the top and the tower was built mostly with solid blocks of limestone. The Pharos lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century, making it

5148-4722: The royal palace for Crown Prince Izzuddin [REDACTED] Mongolia Government Palace, Ulan Bator Also seat of government Myanmar Presidential Palace, Naypyidaw Presidential Residence and Office [REDACTED] Nepal Rastrapati Bhawan , Kathmandu [REDACTED] Pakistan Aiwan-e-Sadr , Islamabad [REDACTED] State of Palestine Mukataa [REDACTED] Philippines Malacañang Palace , Manila Official residence and workplace [REDACTED] Singapore Istana, Singapore [REDACTED] Sri Lanka President's House, Colombo President's Pavilion, Kandy [REDACTED] Syria Presidential Palace, Damascus Tishreen Palace , Damascus Taiwan Presidential Office Building, Taipei [REDACTED] Tajikistan Palace of Nations , Dushanbe [REDACTED] Turkey Presidential Compound (Turkey) [REDACTED] Turkmenistan Oguzkhan Palace , Ashgabat Uzbekistan Ok Saroy Presidential Palace , Tashkent Former residence [REDACTED] Durmen Former residence Kuksaroy Presidential Palace , Tashkent Current residence United Arab Emirates Qasr Al Watan, Abu Dhabi Seat of government Vietnam Presidential Palace, Hanoi [REDACTED] Yemen Presidential Palace, Sanaa Europe [ edit ] Country Building Notes Image Albania Presidential Palace of Tirana [REDACTED] Austria Hofburg Palace , Vienna [REDACTED] Belarus Presidential Palace, Minsk Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency Building , Sarajevo [REDACTED] Bulgaria Presidential Palace, Sofia [REDACTED] Croatia Presidential Palace, Zagreb [REDACTED] Czech Republic Prague Castle , Prague Main residence [REDACTED] The Lány Chateau , Lány Secondary residence [REDACTED] Estonia Presidential Palace , Tallinn [REDACTED] Finland Presidential Palace, Helsinki [REDACTED] France Élysée Palace , Paris [REDACTED] Germany Bellevue Palace , Berlin Primary residence [REDACTED] Villa Hammerschmidt , Bonn Secondary residence [REDACTED] Georgia Orbeliani Presidential Palace, Tbilisi [REDACTED] Greece Presidential Mansion, Athens [REDACTED] Hungary Sándor Palace, Budapest [REDACTED] Iceland Bessastaðir , Álftanes [REDACTED] Republic of Ireland Áras an Uachtaráin , Dublin [REDACTED] Italy Quirinal Palace , Rome [REDACTED] Latvia Riga Castle , Riga [REDACTED] Lithuania Presidential Palace, Vilnius [REDACTED] North Macedonia Villa Vodno , Skopje Malta San Anton Palace , Attard Official residence [REDACTED] Verdala Palace , Siġġiewi Summer residence [REDACTED] Moldova Presidential Palace, Chișinău [REDACTED] Montenegro Blue Palace , Cetinje [REDACTED] Poland Presidential Palace, Warsaw Official workplace [REDACTED] Belweder , Warsaw Official residence [REDACTED] Portugal Belém Palace , Lisbon [REDACTED] Romania Cotroceni Palace , Bucharest [REDACTED] Russia Grand Kremlin Palace , Moscow Ceremonial residence [REDACTED] Kremlin Senate , Moscow Working residence [REDACTED] Serbia Novi Dvor , Belgrade [REDACTED] Slovakia Grassalkovich Palace , Bratislava Official workplace [REDACTED] Hohenlohe Hunting Lodge Recreational residence [REDACTED] Slovenia Presidential Palace , Ljubljana Also seat of government [REDACTED] Switzerland No official presidential residence. Seat of

5226-496: The second longest surviving ancient wonder, after the Great Pyramid of Giza . A temple of Hephaestus also stood on Pharos at the head of the mole. In the 1st century, the population of Alexandria contained over 180,000 adult male citizens, according to a census dated from 32 AD, in addition to a large number of freedmen, women, children and slaves. Estimates of the total population range from 216,000 to 500,000, making it one of

5304-407: The site of the actual lighthouse having been weathered away by the sea. On the east of the mole was the Great Harbour, now an open bay; on the west lay the port of Eunostos, with its inner basin Kibotos, now vastly enlarged to form the modern harbour. In Strabo 's time (latter half of the 1st century BC), the principal buildings were as follows, enumerated as they were to be seen from a ship entering

5382-1843: The state of the Union of South Africa . - panoramio.jpg|150px]] King's House, Durban Genadendal Residence , Cape Town South Sudan Presidential Palace , Juba Sudan Presidential Palace , Khartoum [REDACTED] Tanzania Ikulu , Dar es Salaam [REDACTED] Togo Palace of the Governors , Lomé Tunisia Carthage Palace , Tunis [REDACTED] Uganda State House, Kampala State House, Entebbe Zambia State House, Lusaka Zimbabwe State House, Harare , State House, Bulawayo current residence Zimbabwe House, Harare Blue Roof , Harare former residence Americas [ edit ] Country Building Notes Image Argentina Casa Rosada , Buenos Aires Government office [REDACTED] Quinta de Olivos , Buenos Aires Province Official residence Barbados State House , Bridgetown Official residence [REDACTED] Bolivia Casa Grande del Pueblo , La Paz [REDACTED] Brazil Palácio da Alvorada , Brasilia Official residence [REDACTED] Palácio do Planalto , Brasilia Official workplace [REDACTED] Chile La Moneda Palace , Santiago de Chile Official office [REDACTED] Palacio Presidencial de Cerro Castillo , Viña del Mar Summer residence [REDACTED] Colombia Casa de Nariño , Bogotá Official residence [REDACTED] Costa Rica Casa Presidencial, San José [REDACTED] Cuba Presidential Palace , Havana Has been

5460-421: The western suburb of Alexandria in Borg el Arab city. Only the outer wall and the pylons remain from the temple. There is evidence to prove that sacred animals were worshiped there. Archaeologists found an animal necropolis near the temple. Remains of a Christian church show that the temple was used as a church in later centuries. Also found in the same area are remains of public baths built by the emperor Justinian,

5538-416: The year 38 AD, disturbances erupted between Jews and Greek citizens of Alexandria during a visit paid by King Agrippa I to Alexandria, principally over the respect paid by the Herodian nation to the Roman emperor , which quickly escalated to open affronts and violence between the two ethnic groups and the desecration of Alexandrian synagogues. This event has been called the Alexandrian pogroms . The violence

5616-465: Was called Alexándreia hḗ kat' Aígypton ( Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον ), which some sources translated as "Alexandria by Egypt", as the city was, at that time, in the periphery of Egypt proper (the area beside the Nile ). Some of the Alexandrian and Greek populaces, e.g., Hypsicles , also referred to the city as Alexándreia hḗ prós Aígypton ( Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ πρός Αἴγυπτον , "Alexandria near Egypt"). In

5694-589: Was devastated by a tsunami ( 365 Crete earthquake ), an event annually commemorated years later as a "day of horror". In 619, Alexandria fell to the Sassanid Persians . The city was mostly uninjured by the conquest and a new palace called Tarawus was erected in the eastern part of the city, later known as Qasr Faris, "fort of the Persians". Although the Byzantine emperor Heraclius recovered it in 629, in 641

5772-472: Was founded originally in the vicinity of an Egyptian settlement named Rhacotis (that became the Egyptian quarter of the city). Alexandria grew rapidly, becoming a major centre of Hellenic civilisation and replacing Memphis as Egypt's capital during the reign of the Ptolemaic pharaohs who succeeded Alexander. It retained this status for almost a millennium, through the period of Roman and Eastern Roman rule until

5850-409: Was intended to supersede the older Greek colony of Naucratis as a Hellenistic centre in Egypt and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile valley. A few months after the foundation, Alexander left Egypt and never returned to the city during his life. After Alexander's departure, his viceroy Cleomenes continued the expansion. The architect Dinocrates of Rhodes designed the city, using

5928-502: Was mainly in charge of overseeing Alexandria's early development, the Heptastadion and the mainland quarters seem to have been primarily Ptolemaic work. Inheriting the trade of ruined Tyre and becoming the centre of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than Carthage . In one century, Alexandria had become

6006-565: Was quelled after Caligula intervened and had the Roman governor, Flaccus, removed from the city. In 115 AD, large parts of Alexandria were destroyed during the Diaspora revolt , which gave Hadrian and his architect, Decriannus , an opportunity to rebuild it. In 215 AD, the emperor Caracalla visited the city and, because of some insulting satires that the inhabitants had directed at him, abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms. On 21 July 365 AD, Alexandria

6084-401: Was the site of a failed assassination attempt on Gamal Abdel Nasser . Europeans began leaving Alexandria following the 1956 Suez Crisis that led to an outburst of Arab nationalism . The nationalisation of property by Nasser, which reached its highest point in 1961, drove out nearly all the rest. Alexandria is located in the country of Egypt, on the southern coast of the Mediterranean. It

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