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34-497: The Romans under Marcus Agrippa established a network of roads circa 39 BC to 15 BC radiating from the then capital of the Gauls at Lugdunum (Lyon), known collectively as Via Agrippa . From Lugdunum the road north passed towards Lutèce (Paris) following roughly the route of current RN 6 , and southward towards Rome, skirting the Rhone and passing through Arausio (Orange) and following the edge of

68-403: A Route communale and a pathway trace the straight Roman track which serves as boundary between the communes of Beaumont-Monteux and Pont-de-l'Isère. Nearby, the toponym Vie Magne records the passage of the via magna , the "great road". Inscribed standing milestones placed along the route indicated the miles from the starting point ( capita viae ) with Vienne, Valence or Avignon, as well as

102-595: A change of horses was maintained for official couriers. This route was augmented by the Via Antonina along the right bank of the Rhône. Near Valence, the modern Route nationale 7 follows the track of the via Agrippa . To the north of the Isère the via Agrippa , having passed the crossroads still called Sept Chemins ("Seven Roads") followed the line now marked by Route départementale 101 towards Beaumont-Monteux ; there

136-602: A date during the reign of emperor Augustus. The arch also contains an inscription dedicated to emperor Tiberius in AD 27, when it was reconstructed to celebrate the victories of Germanicus over the German tribes in Rhineland. The arch, theatre, and surroundings were listed in 1981 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . The Musée (Museum) displays the biggest (7.56 x 5.90 m) cadastral Roman maps ever recovered, etched on marble. They cover

170-509: A residential bishopric , Arausio, as it is called in Latin, is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see . It hosted two important synods , in 441 and 529. The Second Council of Orange was of importance in condemning what later came to be called Semipelagianism . The sovereign Carolingian counts of Orange had their origin in the eighth century; they passed into the family of

204-448: Is cognate with the name of other ancient settlements, including Arausa , Arausia , Arausona ( Dalmatia ) and the nearby Oraison ( Alpes-de-Haute-Provence ). Roman Orange was founded in 35 BC by veterans of the second legion as Arausio (after the local Celtic water god), or Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio in full, "the Julian colony of Arausio established by

238-492: Is twinned with: Orange forms the Union of Orange Cities together with Breda, Diest and Dillenburg. Orange features a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), with just too much rainfall in summer to have a ' Mediterranean ' ( Csa ) classification. Summers are hot and relatively dry. Most rainfall occurs in spring and autumn, though with gentle temperatures. Winters are mild, but harsh frost and snow are not unheard of. On 28 June 2019

272-698: Is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France . It is about 21 km (13 mi) north of Avignon , on the departmental border with Gard , which follows the Rhône and also constitutes the regional border with Occitania . Orange is the second-most populated city in Vaucluse, after Avignon. The settlement is attested as Arausio and Arausion in

306-670: The Le Guide des chemins de France ("Guide to the trails of France"), by the royal printer Robert Estienne , the ancestor of all the modern guidebooks, was published. The RN 7 is being upgraded or replaced by the A77 autoroute . As the route elsewhere runs parallel to autoroutes as a result other sections have been re-numbered the RD 7 , RD 607 , RD 307 , RD 907 , RD 707 , RD 207 , RD 7n , RDN 7 and RD 6007 . Paris - Nemours - Moulins - Lyon - Avignon - Aix-en-Provence - Nice - Italy The road starts at

340-658: The League of the South (LS). Orange was home to the French Foreign Legion 's armored First Foreign Cavalry Regiment until 11 July 2014, when the regiment officially moved to the Camp de Carpiagne in the 9th arrondissement of Marseille in the Massif des Calanques . On 1 January 2017, together with a number of neighbouring communes, it was transferred from the arrondissement of Avignon to

374-747: The Loing valley before reaching Nemours and a junction with the A6 autoroute . After Nemours the road continues along the East bank of the Loire past the Rochers de Nemours and parallel to the A 77 . The road follows a route to Montargis and after the Forêt de Montargis heads down into the Loire Valley at Briare. The road then follows the East bank of the Loire and after Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire

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408-620: The Orange Free State in South Africa . The city remained part of scattered Nassau holdings until it was repeatedly captured by the forces of Louis XIV during his wars of the late 17th century. The city was occupied by France in 1673, 1679, 1690, 1697 and 1702–1713 before it was finally ceded to France in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht . Following the French Revolution in 1789, Orange

442-782: The Porte d'Italie in Paris and is called the Avenue de Fontainebleau. The road passes through Southern Parisian suburbs and under the Aéroport of Paris-Orly before reaching the Seine at Évry. It then follows the West bank of the river to the South. The road enters the Forêt de Fontainebleau and then the town of Fontainebleau with a junction with the RN 6 . The RN 7 then heads South along

476-472: The arrondissement of Carpentras . With 28,922 residents (as of 2018), Orange is the second-largest commune of Vaucluse by population after Avignon and just before Carpentras . The town is renowned for its Roman architecture ; its Roman theatre is described as the most impressive still existing in Europe. The Triumphal Arch is of uncertain age, but current research accepts the inscription as evidence of

510-618: The lords of Baux . From the 12th century, Orange was raised to a minor principality, the Principality of Orange , as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire . During this period, the town and the principality of Orange belonged to the administration and province of Dauphiné . When William the Silent , count of Nassau , with estates in the Netherlands, inherited the title Prince of Orange in 1544,

544-658: The Loire valley crossing the river again at Roanne at the head of the Gorges de la Loire . The road is then dual carriageway south before turning east over the Col du Pin Bouchain (760 m). The road then heads down into Tarare and through a series of ridges to Lyon . The road crosses the Rhône and heads South through the Bois de St Jean . It has a junction with the A 46 (E 70) as it travels South to Vienne . The A 7 runs parallel and now takes

578-472: The Mediterranean, like the current RN 7. In the 15th century, with the creation of the royal post by Louis XI , a coherent network of roads was set up. The routes from Paris to Lyon pass through Moulins ( route du Bourbonnais ) or Dijon ( route de Bourgogne ). In the next century the first regular use of the road is made and elms were planted along the ways for shade and to mark the route. At that time (1553)

612-484: The area between Orange, Nîmes , and Montélimar . In 1869, the Roman theatre was restored and has been the site of a music festival. The festival, given the name Chorégies d'Orange in 1902, has been held annually ever since, and is now famous as an international opera festival. In 1971, the "New Chorégies" were started and became an overnight, international success. Many top international opera singers have performed in

646-584: The authors of the Guide romain antique ; 22-21 BCE, according to Pierre Gros; or between 16 and 13 BCE, according to Paul Petit. An ancient salt road passed to the mouths of the Rhône , keeping to the lower slopes of the hills to avoid the river's sometimes swampy flood plain . Under the impetus of Augustus, Agrippa paved a route that lay closer to the river, passing through the important Roman cities of Arles , Avignon , Orange , Montélimar , Valence , Vienne , interspersed with relay stations ( mutationes ) where

680-512: The bulk of through traffic. The road passes Le Péage-de-Roussillon and follows the East bank of the river to Tain-l'Hermitage . It then crosses the river Isère to Valence . A bridge over the river Drôme brings the road to Montélimar . The road then sweeps round the Défilé de Donzère before crossing the navigable Canal de Donzère and past the Tricastin nuclear station. After which the road crosses

714-536: The canal and follows the East bank of the Rhône to Orange . The road skirts hills to reach Avignon and enters Provence . After Avignon the road heads south east across the river Durance and East of Les plaines and then Southeast over Plat de Seze Chaine and parallel to the Chaine de la Trévaresse and Chaine d’ Éguilles to Aix-en-Provence . The road then runs parallel to the A 8 South of Montagne du Cergle and past Mont Aurélien (875 m). After Brignoles

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748-543: The first and second centuries AD, then as civitas Arausione in the fourth century, civitas Arausicae in 517 (via a Germanized form * Arausinga ), Aurengia civitatis in 1136, and as Orenga in 1205. The name Arausio can be explained as the Gaulish ar-aus(i)o - ('temple, cheek'), itself derived from an earlier Proto-Celtic * far-aws(y)o -, which literally means 'in front of the ear' (cf. Old Irish ara , arae ; Ancient Greek pareiaí , parauai < * par-ausiā ). It

782-660: The help of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , solidified the independence of the Dutch republic. The United Provinces survived to become the Netherlands, which is still ruled by the House of Orange-Nassau. William, Prince of Orange, great grandson of William the Silent, ruled England as William III . Orange gave its name to other Dutch-influenced parts of the world, such as the Oranges ( West Orange , South Orange , East Orange , Orange ) in New Jersey and

816-949: The magistrate or emperor who had them erected or maintained. In addition to twenty-two surviving milestones recovered along the route is one of the 3rd or 4th century reused in the ambulatory of the choir of the Cathedral of Valence , where its inscription may still be read: IMP(ERATOR) CAESAR L(UCIUS) DOMIT[IUS] AURELIANU[S] P(IUS) [F(ELIX)] INV[I]CT[US] [AU]G(USTUS) P(ONTIFEX) MA(XIMUS) GER[MANIC(US) MAX(IMUS)] [GO]THIC(US) MA[X(IMUS) CARPIC(US) MAX(IMUS)] ? [PAR]THIC(US) MA[X(IMUS) TRIB(UNICIA) POT(ESTATE) VI CO(N)S(UL)] ? [III] P(ATER) P(ATRIAE) PROCO(N)[S(UL) PACATOR ET RES] [TITUT]OR ORB(IS) [REFECIT ET] [R]ESTITUIT […] MILIA [PASSUUM] I[I] II ? Orange, Vaucluse Orange ( French pronunciation: [ɔʁɑ̃ʒ] ; Provençal : Aurenja ( classical norm ) or Aurenjo ( Mistralian norm ) )

850-714: The principality was incorporated into the holdings of what became the House of Orange-Nassau . This pitched it into the Protestant side in the Wars of Religion , during which the town was badly damaged. In 1568, the Eighty Years' War began with William as stadtholder leading the bid for independence from Spain. William the Silent was assassinated in Delft in 1584. His son, Maurice of Nassau (Prince of Orange after his elder brother died in 1618), with

884-609: The reorganization of the Gauls. In all, the Romans built 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi) of roads in Gaul. Agrippa's network radiated from a hub at the new strategic site of Lugdunum ( Lyon ). Strabo indicated the directions, which were identified by Pierre Gros: Though the detailed routes taken by the various stretches of the Via Agrippa are well settled on the ground, the dates of construction are still debated: in 39-38 BCE, according to

918-542: The road has been upgraded to the A 77. This is prime wine producing territory with Sancerre 6 km to the West and Pouilly where the RN 7 commences again. After the town of Nevers the road passes Magny-Cours race track and crosses the river. It follows the Allier valley through gently rolling countryside to Moulins where the RN 9 branches off to the South. The RN 7 heads East climbing over hills at Lapalisse and then back into

952-605: The road is dual-carriageway and goes past Parc Mini France and into the Argens valley before reaching the Mediterranean at Fréjus . The road then turns north away from the coast passing north round the Massif de l'Esterel and Mont Vinaigre (618 m) to the Côte d’Azur . The road reaches Cannes and then follows the coast round the Golfe St Juan past Antibes to Nice . After Nice

986-866: The road takes the Moyenne Corniche around Monaco before reaching the frontier with Italy after Menton . The road in Italy becomes the SS1 ( Strada Statale 1 "Aurelia" ) and ends in Rome , while the A8 autoroute becomes the Autostrada A10 and ends in Genoa . Via Agrippa Via Agrippa , is any stretch of the network of Roman roads in Gaul that was built in the last century BCE by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , to whom Octavian entrusted

1020-569: The scale of the buildings had been reduced – a smaller theater to accommodate a smaller population, for example." It is found in both the Tabula Peutingeriana and Le cadastre d'Orange maps. The town prospered, but was sacked by the Visigoths in 412. It had, by then, become largely Christianised, and from the end of the third century constituted the Ancient Diocese of Orange . No longer

1054-527: The soldiers of the second legion." The name was originally unrelated to that of the orange fruit, but was later conflated with it. A previous Celtic settlement with that name existed in the same place; a major battle, which is generally known as the Battle of Arausio , had been fought in 105 BC between two Roman armies and the Cimbri and Teutones tribes. Arausio covered an area of some 70 ha (170 acres) and

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1088-501: The theatre, such as Barbara Hendricks , Plácido Domingo , Montserrat Caballé , Roberto Alagna , René Pape and Inva Mula . Operas such as Tosca , Aida , Faust , and Carmine Karm Conte have been staged here, many with a sumptuous staging and also receiving outstanding acclaim. The Roman theatre is one of three heritage sites at which the Roman wall remains. The SNCF offers rail service north to Lyon and Paris , as well as south to Avignon and Marseille . Orange

1122-579: Was absorbed into the French department of Drôme , then Bouches-du-Rhône , then finally Vaucluse . However, the title remained with the Dutch princes of Orange. Orange attracted international attention in 1995 , when it elected a member of the National Front (FN), Jacques Bompard , as its mayor. Bompard left the FN in 2005 and became a member of the conservative Movement for France (MPF) until 2010, when he founded

1156-474: Was well-endowed with civic monuments; in addition to the theatre and arch, it had a monumental temple complex and a forum . It was the capital of a wide area of northern Provence , which was parcelled up into lots for the Roman colonists. "Orange of two thousand years ago was a miniature Rome, complete with many of the public buildings that would have been familiar to a citizen of the Roman Empire, except that

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