A quadriga is a car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast and favoured for chariot racing in classical antiquity and the Roman Empire . The word derives from the Latin quadrigae , a contraction of quadriiugae , from quadri- : four, and iugum : yoke. In Latin the word quadrigae is almost always used in the plural and usually refers to the team of four horses rather than the chariot they pull. In Greek, a four-horse chariot was known as τέθριππον téthrippon .
31-537: The four-horse abreast arrangement in a quadriga is distinct from the more common four-in-hand array of two horses in the front plus two horses behind those. Quadrigae were raced in the Ancient Olympic Games and other contests. They are represented in profile pulling the chariot of gods and heroes on Greek vases and in bas-relief . During the festival of the Halieia , the ancient Rhodians would sacrifice
62-473: A quadriga -chariot by throwing it into the sea. The quadriga was adopted in ancient Roman chariot racing . Quadrigas were emblems of triumph. Victory or Fame are often depicted as the triumphant woman driving it. In classical mythology , the quadriga is the chariot of the gods. The god of the Sun Helios , often identified with Apollo , the god of light, was depicted driving his quadriga across
93-523: A German submarine ( SM U-20 ). Vanderbilt was born in New York City, the third son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843–1899) and Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845–1934). His siblings were Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt (1869–1874), William Henry Vanderbilt II (1870–1892), Cornelius "Neily" Vanderbilt III (1873–1942), Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875–1942), Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (1880–1925) and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (1886–1965). Alfred Vanderbilt attended
124-602: A businessman and racehorse breeder, and George Washington Vanderbilt III (1914–1961), a yachtsman and scientific explorer. After Alfred's death aboard the Lusitania in 1915, Margaret bought a 316-acre estate in Lenox, Massachusetts , with a 47-room mansion. She remarried twice, first on June 12, 1918, in Lenox to Raymond T. Baker (1875–1935), a politician with whom she had a daughter, Gloria Baker (1920–1975). The claim for Alfred's estate
155-599: A clerk in the offices of the New York Central Railroad as preparation for entering into the councils of the company as one of its principal owners. Subsequently, he was chosen a director in other companies as well, among them the Fulton Chain Railway Company, Fulton Navigation Company, Raquette Lake Railway Company, Raquette Lake Transportation Company, and the Plaza Bank of New York. Vanderbilt
186-672: A net value of approximately $ 15,594,000; from this his oldest son William H. Vanderbilt III received the $ 4,612,086 in Trust, as well as a life interest in $ 400,000, and the Medal which Congress had gifted to Cornelius 'the Commodore' Vanderbilt I which had been passed first to William Henry Vanderbilt, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, and then to Alfred. By the terms of Alfred's will, Margaret and his three sons would inherit $ 1,180,098.18 (equivalent to $ 20,699,193 in 2023). In addition, for their maintenance and for
217-468: A single horse or a pair. One of the international events featuring only four-in-hand teams is the FEI World Cup Driving series . In Europe, after public post coaches and mail coaches were largely supplanted by railroad travel, driving large private coaches drawn by four horses became a popular sporting activity of the rich, and driving clubs were formed. England's Four-In-Hand Driving Club
248-568: The Fourth Crusade , which dates them to at least 1204, and placed them on the terrace of St Mark's Basilica . In 1797 , Napoleon carried the quadriga off to Paris. They were returned after Napoleon's fall. Due to the effects of atmospheric pollution, the original quadriga was retired to a museum and replaced with a replica in the 1980s. Quadrigae also appear on the frieze of the Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga , which dates to
279-581: The Lusitania who survived the tragedy were observing him while events unfolded at the time, and so they took note of his actions. He and Denyer were among the 1,199 passengers who did not survive the incident. His body was never recovered. There has been some historical confusion as to which member of the Vanderbilt family was booked on the Titanic in 1912 and recent studies have determined that not Alfred Vanderbilt but his uncle George Washington Vanderbilt II
310-641: The Pullman Company . On January 11, 1901, Vanderbilt married Ellen ("Elsie") Tuck French, in Newport, Rhode Island . She was the daughter of Francis Ormond French (1837–1893) and his wife Ellen Tuck (1838–1915), and was close friends with Vanderbilt's sister, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney , who was married to Harry Payne Whitney . Later that same year, on November 24, 1901, Elsie gave birth to their only child: William Henry Vanderbilt III (1901–1981), later governor of Rhode Island . In March 1908, Elsie moved to
341-537: The St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire , and Yale University (Class of 1899), where he was a member of Skull and Bones . Soon after graduation, Vanderbilt, with a party of friends, started on a tour of the world which was to have lasted two years. When the group reached Japan on September 12, 1899, he received news of his father's sudden death and hastened home as speedily as possible to find himself, by his father's will,
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#1732845388216372-498: The 2nd century BC. Though quadrigae were usually drawn by horses, occasionally, other animals or mythological creatures were employed in spectacles and in art. Elephants were sometimes used to draw quadrigae in the Roman imperial period , and more frequently elephant quadrigae were depicted on coins and other official images. In art and sculpture, quadrigae ridden in by the gods were appropriate to their characters; Neptune's quadriga
403-475: The Adirondacks, from William West Durant . He expanded and improved the property to include flush toilets, a sewer system, and hot and cold running water. He later added a hydroelectric plant and an outdoor bowling alley with an ingenious system for retrieving the balls. Other amenities included a tennis court, a croquet lawn, a 100,000 gallon reservoir, and a working farm. In 1908, he donated $ 100,000 to build
434-617: The Mary Street YMCA (today the Vanderbilt Hotel) in Newport, Rhode Island, in memory of his father Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843–1899). Ground breaking was on August 31, 1908, with the cornerstone laid on November 19, 1908, by Vanderbilt. The dedication was on January 1, 1910. On May 1, 1915, Vanderbilt boarded the RMS ; Lusitania bound for Liverpool as a first class passenger. It
465-593: The coaching group would take their vehicle for a one-day, two-day, or longer trip along chosen routes through several counties, going to prearranged inns and hotels along the routes. Vanderbilt would frequently drive the coach, in perfectly appareled suit, a coachman or groom. He is recorded as a regular guest at the Burford Bridge Hotel near Box Hill in Surrey where, when driving from London to Brighton , he would stop to take lunch and to collect telegrams. He loved
496-611: The divorce, and he remarried there, on December 17, 1911, to the wealthy American divorcée Margaret Mary Emerson (1886–1960). She was the daughter of Captain Isaac Edward Emerson (1859–1931) and Emily Askew Dunn (1854–1921), and was heiress to the Bromo-Seltzer fortune. Margaret had been married from 1902 to 1910 to Dr. Smith Hollins McKim (d. 1932), a wealthy physician of Baltimore . Together, Alfred and Margaret had two children: Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. (1912–1999),
527-505: The head of his branch of the family. His eldest brother, William, had died in 1892 at age 22, and their father had disinherited Alfred's second-oldest brother Neily due to his marriage to Grace Wilson, a young debutante of whom the elder Vanderbilts strongly disapproved for a variety of reasons. Alfred received the largest share of his father's estate, though it was also divided among his sisters and his younger brother, Reginald. Soon after his return to New York, Vanderbilt began working as
558-581: The heavens, delivering daylight and dispersing the night. Modern sculptural quadrigas are based on the four bronze Horses of Saint Mark or the "Triumphal Quadriga ", a set of equine Roman or Greek sculptures . Their age is disputed. Originally erected in the Hippodrome of Constantinople , possibly on a triumphal arch , they are now in St Mark's Basilica in Venice . Venetian Crusaders looted these sculptures in
589-731: The home of her brother, Amos Tuck French , in Tuxedo Park, New York . Shortly thereafter, a scandal erupted in April 1908 after Elsie filed for divorce, alleging adultery with Agnes O'Brien Ruíz, the wife of the Cuban attaché in Washington, D. C. The publicity, which caused splits over whom to support, ultimately led Agnes Ruíz to commit suicide in 1909. Elsie, who remarried, died in Newport on February 27, 1948. Vanderbilt spent considerable time in London after
620-535: The outdoor experience. Vanderbilt was a member of the Coaching Club of New York and his coach , which was named Venture , was custom built in 1903 by coachbuilders Brewster & Co. The coach, actually a "heavy park drag – made road style" was restored by the Preservation Society of Newport County and is on display at The Breakers . In 1902, he bought Great Camp Sagamore , on Sagamore Lake in
651-449: The residuary estate being split between his two younger sons Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr and George Washington Vanderbilt III, whose shares were estimated at $ 2,553,204 in 1917. Contemporary newspaper articles reporting on the 1917 appraisal of Alfred's estate in the State of New York report that Alfred's gross estate was valued at $ 16,769,314, in addition to a Trust Fund valued at $ 4,612,086, with
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#1732845388216682-444: The support and comfort of his widow and children, he expended and contributed approximately $ 300,000 (equivalent to $ 5,262,069 in 2023) annually. Vanderbilt was a sportsman, and he particularly enjoyed fox hunting and coaching. In the late 19th century, he and a number of other millionaires, such as James Hazen Hyde practiced the old English coaching techniques of the early 19th century. Meeting near Holland House in London,
713-572: The total size of Alfred's estate at $ 26,375,000, exclusive of the $ 6,000,000 he gifted to his brother Cornelius Vanderbilt III following their father's death, and the $ 10,000,000 his first wife received after their divorce. From this amount, $ 8,000,000 was left to Alfred's second wife Margaret ($ 5,100,930 of this in New York), $ 500,000 to his brother Reginald, $ 5,000,000 and the Oakland Farm Estate to Alfred's oldest son William H. Vanderbilt III, with
744-416: The young mother of a small baby that he would locate an extra lifevest for her. Failing to do so, he offered her his own life vest, which he proceeded to tie on to her himself, since she was holding her infant child in her arms at the time. Many considered his actions especially noble since he could not swim and he knew there were no other lifevests or lifeboats available. Because of his fame, several people on
775-490: Was a business trip, and he traveled with only his valet, Ronald Denyer, leaving his family at home in New York. On May 7, off the coast of County Cork, Ireland , German U-boat , U-20 torpedoed the ship, triggering a secondary explosion that sank the giant ocean liner within 18 minutes. Vanderbilt and Denyer helped others into lifeboats, and then Vanderbilt gave his lifejacket to save a female passenger. Vanderbilt had promised
806-573: Was a good judge of real estate values and projected several important enterprises. On the site of the former residence of the Vanderbilt family and on several adjacent plots, he built the Vanderbilt Hotel at Park Avenue and 34th Street , New York, which he made his city home. Among Vanderbilt's many holdings were positions in the New York Central Railroad , Beech Creek Railroad, Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway , Michigan Central Railroad and Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad as well as
837-640: Was actually booked to travel on the Titanic , along with his wife Edith and daughter Cornelia. A memorial was erected on the A24 London to Worthing Road in Holmwood , just south of Dorking . The inscription reads, "In Memory of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, a gallant gentleman and a fine sportsman who perished in the Lusitania May 7th 1915. This stone is erected on his favorite road by a few of his British coaching friends and admirers". A memorial fountain to Vanderbilt
868-453: Was drawn, for example, by hippocampi (mythological sea-horses). Some of the most significant full-size free-standing sculptures of quadrigas include, in approximate chronological order: Four-in-hand (carriage) A four-in-hand is a team of four horses pulling a carriage , coach or other horse-drawn vehicle . Today, four-in-hand driving is the top division of combined driving in equestrian sports; other divisions are for
899-863: Was formed in 1856. Membership was limited to thirty and they all drove private coaches known as park drags made on the pattern of the old Post Office mail coaches but luxuriously finished and outfitted. A new group called the Coaching Club was formed in 1870 for those unable to join the club of 30. Other enthusiasts revived old coaching routes and took paying passengers. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt championed coaching in America, and he and several other of his contemporaries engaged in public coaching for hire in America and England. T. Bigelow Lawrence of Boston owned America's first locally built park drag in 1860. Leonard Jerome took to driving coaches with six and eight horse teams to go to watch horse races. New York's Coaching Club
930-550: Was formed in 1875. This vehicle-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr. (October 20, 1877 – May 7, 1915) was an American businessman and member of the Vanderbilt family . A sportsman, he participated in and pioneered a number of related endeavors. He died in the sinking of the RMS Lusitania , on 7 May 1915, after being torpedoed by
961-626: Was put forward by Margaret, who by that point was already remarried. Estimates as to the size of the Estate vary, with many sources using the 1917 Appraisal of the Estate in the Surrogate's Court of New York, which put the net value of the estate in the State of New York, after the payment of all debts and funeral and administration expenses, at $ 15,594,836.32 (equivalent to $ 273,537,014 in 2023). In 1964, Edwin Hoyt's book The Vanderbilts and their Fortunes records