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37-537: Put-in-Bay is a resort village located on South Bass Island in Put-in-Bay Township , Ottawa County, Ohio , United States, 85 miles (137 km) west of Cleveland and 35 miles (56 km) east of Toledo . The population was 154 at the 2020 census . The village is a popular summer resort and recreational destination. Ferry and airline services connect the community with Catawba Island , Kelleys Island , Port Clinton , and Sandusky, Ohio . The bay played

74-600: A National Memorial and renamed on October 26, 1972. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service , the memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966; the listing's boundaries were increased in 2015. Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial were selected to represent Ohio in the multi-year America the Beautiful Quarters series, honoring

111-470: A fully realized memorial complex. In 1919 the federal government assumed control of the monument and provided additional funding. The official dedication was celebrated on July 31, 1931. In 2002, $ 2.4 million was spent on a new visitor center . The memorial is visited by 200,000 people each year. Established as Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument by Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 2, 1936 (Proclamation No. 2182); redesignated

148-477: A national site from every US state, district, or territory. Its design shows Oliver Hazard Perry on the coin's reverse, depicting the site's statue of Perry with the International Peace Memorial in the distance. The design was selected from eleven proposals. The Memorial had been closed for most of the summer of 2006 after a 500-pound (230 kg) piece of granite broke off the southeast face of

185-639: A significant role in the War of 1812 as the location of the squadron of U.S. naval commander Oliver Hazard Perry , who sailed from the port on September 10, 1813, to engage a British squadron just north of the island in the Battle of Lake Erie . Put-in-Bay is located 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Sandusky. According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 0.63 square miles (1.63 km), of which 0.45 square miles (1.17 km)

222-472: A single industry, and the difficulties in retaining a stable workforce. Local residents are generally receptive of the economic impacts of tourism. Resort towns tend to enjoy lower unemployment rates, improved infrastructure, more advanced telecommunication and transportation capabilities, and higher standards of living and greater income in relation to those who live outside this area. Increased economic activity in resort towns can also have positive effects on

259-502: Is an urban area where tourism or vacationing is the primary component of the local culture and economy . A typical resort town has one or more actual resorts in the surrounding area. Sometimes the term resort town is used simply for a locale popular among tourists. One task force in British Columbia used the definition of an incorporated or unincorporated contiguous area where the ratio of transient rooms, measured in bed units,

296-472: Is greater than 60% of the permanent population. Generally, tourism is the main export in a resort town economy, with most residents of the area working in the tourism or resort industry. Shops and luxury boutiques selling locally themed souvenirs , motels , and unique restaurants often proliferate the downtown areas of a resort town. In the case of the United States, resort towns were created around

333-518: Is land and 0.18 square miles (0.47 km) is water. The first known people to use the island were various groups of Native American tribes, including the Ottawas , Miamis , Shawnee , Senecas , Iroquois , and the Eries . The island provided shelter during crossings of Lake Erie . Some remains were discovered when a section of the island was plowed. In 1679, Robert LaSalle and thirty-two of his men were

370-432: Is the site of Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial commemorating Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry 's September 10, 1813, naval victory over British ships in the War of 1812 . Construction of the monument began in 1912 and it opened to the public on June 13, 1915. It is 352 feet (107 m) tall and made up of 78 layers of pink granite, topped with an eleven ton (10 metric ton ) bronze urn. Its height makes it

407-465: The Lake Erie Islands of Buckeye Island , Gibraltar Island , Green Island , Mouse Island , Rattlesnake Island , and Starve Island , even though most of these islands are uninhabited. For most of its history, the island's primary industry has been tourism and continues to be today. The tourist season runs roughly between April and October. The most common methods of transportation to and from

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444-522: The U.S. The Memorial column, rising over Lake Erie, is situated five miles from the US-Canadian border . Although the monument bears the name of Oliver Hazard Perry, six officers slain during the battle are interred under its rotunda, Perry himself is buried in Newport, Rhode Island . Beneath the stone floor of the monument lie the remains of those three American officers and three British officers. Carved into

481-670: The US Navy fleet commanded by Oliver Hazard Perry . Perry and his fleet arrived at the island on August 16, 1813. They used the island to train and to spy on the British, who were located at Fort Malden , Ontario, Canada . At that point, the war had been going on for 32 months and developments had favored the British: Detroit had surrendered to them, and all American invasions of Canada had been repulsed. On September 10, 1813, Captain Robert H. Barclay,

518-589: The commander of the British ships, was seen by a lookout on Perry's flagship, the Lawrence . Perry and his fleet hid behind the Bass Islands and waited for the British to unknowingly cross their path. The battle began at 11:45 in the morning about eight miles away from Put-in-Bay, with the British fleet caught by surprise. By around 3:00 of that day Perry and his fleet had defeated the British, who lost control of Lake Erie along with their entire fleet of six ships. This event

555-477: The country's overall economic growth and development. In addition, business generated by resort towns have been credited with supporting the local economy through times of national market failure and depression. In a study conducted by the Urban and Regional Planning Department of Istanbul Technical University , 401 local residents in the resort community of Antalya were interviewed and asked to give their opinion on

592-491: The economic impacts of tourism. Among the participants, 67% had lived in Antalya for over ten years, 66% had at least a high school degree, and 30% reported jobs that were related to tourism. The results are as follows: Perceived impact on select economic impact items (Antalya) More recently, resort towns have come under greater scrutiny by local communities. Instances where resort towns are poorly managed have adverse effects on

629-409: The employment available in resort towns are typically low paying and it can be difficult for workers to afford to live the area in which they are employed. Many resort towns have spawned nearby bedroom communities where the majority of the resort workforce lives. Resorts towns sometimes struggle with problems regarding sustainable growth , due to the seasonal nature of the economy, the dependence on

666-514: The first to sail a large vessel in the Great Lakes : the Griffon . They would transport fur and pelts from Green Bay, Wisconsin to Queensland, Ontario. Stopping at Middle Bass Island, they found unique undiscovered flowers. They named the island Isle des Fleurs because of the flowers; this name was used for the next 200 years. During the War of 1812 , Put-in-Bay was an important base of operations for

703-519: The frozen lake, depending on the season and weather. Put-in-Bay has one grocery store, one hardware store, one school—which houses the one lending library branch—one fuel station, a post office, one bank, and two cemeteries. It has one seasonal franchise restaurant, Subway . There is no cinema. The island does not have a hospital, but does have an Emergency Medical Service that can use a Life Flight helicopter to transport critically ill patients to mainland medical facilities. In 1952–1959, as well as 1963,

740-515: The highest open-air observatory operated by the U.S. National Park Service. The remains of six naval officers, three Britons and three Americans, were interred beneath the floor of the monument's rotunda. As of the census of 2010, there were 138 people, 70 households, and 43 families residing in the village. The population density was 306.7 inhabitants per square mile (118.4/km). There were 263 housing units at an average density of 584.4 units per square mile (225.6 units/km). The racial makeup of

777-969: The host country or the local communities. Income to local communities generated by tourism are all of the expenditures accrued after taxes, profits, and wages are paid out; however, around 80% of traveler's expenditures go to airlines, hotels, and international companies, not to local businesses. These funds are referred to as leakages . Tourism has also been blamed for other negative economic impacts to local communities. Although resort towns usually boast more improved infrastructure than surrounding areas, these developments usually present high costs to local governments and tax payers. Reallocating government funds to subsidize infrastructure and tax breaks to firms shift available funding to local education and health services. In addition, resort towns typically do not have dynamic economies, resulting in an over dependence on one industry. Economic dependence on tourism poses particular challenges to resort towns and its local residents given

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814-554: The island are via ferry boat, propeller-driven aircraft and private boat. One of the world's largest hotels, the Hotel Victory , opened its 625 rooms to the public in 1892. The four-story hotel featured a one-thousand-seat dining room. However, on August 14, 1919, the giant hotel burned to the ground. Today only parts of the foundations can be seen at the state campground. Other historical sites include: There are under 150 full-time South Bass Island residents, most of whom remain on

851-617: The island held road races around a 3-mile (4.8 km) course. In 2011, the Put-in-Bay Road Races Reunion returned to the island. The temporary road course set up at the Put-in-Bay Airport during the event was a key step in pointing the way to the return of real vintage sports car racing to the island for 2012. The Boy Scouts of America hold an annual camporee at the base of Perry's Monument . Resort town A resort town , resort city or resort destination

888-442: The island over the winter. Supplies and perishables are flown to the island during the winter months along with the mail, parcels, and bank employees who staff the island's only bank (for one day a week) until the spring. The island has a single school that is used for grades kindergarten through 12 and serves the educational requirements of Middle Bass and North Bass islands as well. These students arrive by plane, boat, or ATV across

925-572: The islands and mainland of Ohio, and nearby islands in Ontario , including Middle Island , the southernmost point of land in Canada, and part of Point Pelee National Park . The column is among the tallest monuments in the United States (the Gateway Arch , San Jacinto Monument , and Washington Monument are taller). Although substantially completed in 1915, funding problems prevented the proper completion of

962-406: The late 1800s and early 1900s with the development of early town-making. Many resort towns feature ambitious architecture, romanticizing their location, and dependence on cheap labor. If the resorts or tourist attractions are seasonal in nature (such as a ski resort ), resort towns typically experience an on-season where the town is bustling with tourists and workers, and an off-season where

999-516: The lessons of international peace by arbitration and disarmament." The memorial was designed after an international competition from which the winning design by Joseph H. Freelander and A.D. Seymour was chosen. Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial was established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812, and to celebrate the long-lasting peace among Britain, Canada and

1036-519: The local economy. One example is the uneven distribution of income and land ownership between local residents and businesses. During tourist season, increased demand for accommodation may raise the price of land, causing a simultaneous increase in rent for local residents whose income in invariably lower than foreign residents. This results in a preponderance of foreigners in the land market and an erosion of economic opportunities for local residents. The revenues amassed from tourism typically do not benefit

1073-400: The observation deck near the top, visitors must walk up 37 steps, pay the admission cost ($ 10.00 cash, card, or check for adults 16 and older starting 2019 season, 15 and younger are free) then a National Park Ranger will transport them by elevator to the top. Rangers are stationed at the observation deck to answer questions and speak about the history and surrounding area. Views span Lake Erie,

1110-487: The observation deck, falling 315 feet (96 m) and leaving a crater in the plaza in June. No one was injured. Following a structural assessment that deemed it safe for visitors, the memorial reopened on August 26, 2006, with a fence surrounding it. The monument closed on September 30, 2009 for repairs, and reopened on July 12, 2012. The monument was closed once again for the summer of 2017 for repairs and cleaning. Annually,

1147-464: The seasonal nature of the job market in some areas. Local residents of resort towns face job insecurity, difficulties in obtaining training, medical-benefits, and housing. Perry%27s Victory and International Peace Memorial A 352-foot (107 m) monument — the world's tallest Doric column — was constructed in Put-in-Bay, Ohio by a multi-state commission from 1912 to 1915 "to inculcate

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1184-419: The town is populated only by a small amount of local year-round residents. In addition, resort towns are often popular with wealthy retirees and people wishing to purchase vacation homes , which typically drives up property values and the cost of living in the region. Sometimes, resort towns can become boomtowns due to the quick development of retirement and vacation-based residences. However, most of

1221-448: The village was 100.0% White. There were 70 households, of which 17.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1258-672: The walls inside the rotunda are the names of soldiers and sailors who were killed or injured in the Battle of Lake Erie and the text of the Rush-Bagot Treaty . The Doric Column is the only international peace memorial in the United States National Park System and stands 47 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor . The upper deck platform is 12 feet higher than the statue of Liberty's torch. To visit

1295-458: Was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.44. The median age in the village was 54.7 years. 15.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.1% were from 25 to 44; 38.4% were from 45 to 64; and 29% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 52.9% male and 47.1% female. The village is home to Put-in-Bay High School . Aside from South Bass Island, Put-In-Bay Local School District covers

1332-408: Was a major turning point in the war. Two iconic American Navy slogans originated from these events: "Dont Give Up The Ship" and "We have met the enemy and they are ours.". Between 1820 and 1830 the island was under the jurisdiction of Huron County, Ohio , but it was later joined to Ottawa County, Ohio . Put-in-Bay Township was established after 1830. The island was only sparsely inhabited and there

1369-517: Was no actual village prior to the creation of the township. The first known white resident of the island was Alexander Ewen, who had about 1,000 hogs roaming the island in 1810. The abolitionist John Brown 's son John Jr. lived in Put-In-Bay, "growing grapes for the Chicago market", from 1862 until his death in 1895. His brother Owen also lived there before moving to Pasadena, California . Put-in-Bay

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