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70-631: Puning, having been a key trade hub in eastern Guangdong, was upgraded from county to city status in 1993. It is one of the first 'Chinese textile cities' and where the project 'Chinese TCM Cities' was first launched. Textile and apparel and medicine industries are local pillars, topping or coming second in Guangdong county economies since 2003. It also entered the list of the One Hundred Best Counties and Cities for Health Industry in 2020 by Xiaokang series of Qiushi magazine. Historically, Puning

140-554: A long coastline with many ports, reaching a total length of more than 325.6 kilometres (202.3 mi). Its coastline spreads southwest from Raoping County and is detailed by bays, inlets, and islands; the largest island being Nan'ao Island . Districts: Jinping , Longhu , Haojiang , Chaoyang , Chaonan , Chenghai County: Nan'ao New Area: Haiwan Districts: Rongcheng , Jiedong Counties: Jiexi , Huilai County-level City: Puning Districts: Xiangqiao , Chao'an County: Raoping In March 2013,

210-786: A proposal to merge Chaozhou , Jieyang , and Shantou into sub-provincial cities in Guangdong Province was submitted to the National People's Congress . Chen Jingwei, a member of the CPPCC National Committee and vice-chairman of the Federation of Chinese Industry and Commerce, submitted the proposal again in March 2014. The area contains two coal-fired power plants with 1000 megawatt or greater outputs: Shantou Power Station (1200MW) and Huilai Power Station (3200MW). Chaoshan

280-502: A proposal to merge Chaozhou , Jieyang , and Shantou into sub-provincial cities in Guangdong Province was submitted to the National People's Congress . Chen Jingwei, a member of the CPPCC National Committee and vice-chairman of the Federation of Chinese Industry and Commerce, submitted the proposal again in March 2014. The area contains two coal-fired power plants with 1000 megawatt or greater outputs: Shantou Power Station (1200MW) and Huilai Power Station (3200MW). Chaoshan

350-578: A result, there were 13 different rival commanding officers in the Chaoshan region, all from different factions of the NRA. Meanwhile, influential figures in the county Puning supported Fang Zhiting as the county chief, while Zhao Diyun was, on the other hand, appointed Chief of Civil Affairs by Fang Cishi under the name of the Chaoshan Military Government. However, Zhao's appointment was short-lived as he

420-563: A steady increase in GDP. Li Ka-shing has also invested heavily in the education and healthcare of the region, recognizing its potential for growth; in 2023, he donated RMB 100 million to support the construction of a new inpatient building of the Chaozhou People's Hospital. There have been proposals to the Chinese government to amalgamate the region into one Special Economic Zone , as the split of

490-581: Is Guangdong 's second largest metropolitan area, after the Guangzhou -centered Pearl River Delta . Chaozhou is a major cultural center of the Chaoshan region, and thus the descendants of overseas Chaoshan immigrants are often called "Chaozhou". The Chaoshan region, despite having the second largest economy in Guangdong after the Pearl River Delta , is still considered quite economically small in comparison to

560-452: Is "Twenty-Five Tones of Chaoyu" written by Zhang Shizhen, a merchant in Chenghai , late Qing dynasty . Chaozhou opera ( 潮劇 ) is a traditional art form that has a history of more than 500 years, and it has been performed in over 20 countries and regions. Based on the local folk dances and ballads, Chaozhou opera has formed its own style under the influence of Nanxi opera . Nanxi is one of

630-402: Is "Twenty-Five Tones of Chaoyu" written by Zhang Shizhen, a merchant in Chenghai , late Qing dynasty . Chaozhou opera ( 潮劇 ) is a traditional art form that has a history of more than 500 years, and it has been performed in over 20 countries and regions. Based on the local folk dances and ballads, Chaozhou opera has formed its own style under the influence of Nanxi opera . Nanxi is one of

700-546: Is a cultural-linguistic region in the east of Guangdong , China . It is the origin of the Min Nan Chaoshan dialect ( 潮汕话 ). The region, also known as Chiushan in Cantonese, consists of the cities Chaozhou , Jieyang and Shantou . It differs linguistically from the rest of Guangdong province, which was historically dominated by Yue speakers, Hakka , and Leizhou Min speakers. However, Mandarin has recently become

770-511: Is brining. Chaoshan brined meat is the signature dish in Chaoshan cuisine. Meat is brined together with rich flavors. Local dishes also use marinated raw seafood, such as colorful flower crabs steeped in a bath of vinegar, salt, chilis and cilantro. The seafood cooked in this way is extremely umami. Chaoshan has a rich history of farming and drying seaweed, which Westerners might instinctively associate with Korean and Japanese cooking. The ancient Teochew tradition of preparing thinly sliced raw fish

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840-511: Is brining. Chaoshan brined meat is the signature dish in Chaoshan cuisine. Meat is brined together with rich flavors. Local dishes also use marinated raw seafood, such as colorful flower crabs steeped in a bath of vinegar, salt, chilis and cilantro. The seafood cooked in this way is extremely umami. Chaoshan has a rich history of farming and drying seaweed, which Westerners might instinctively associate with Korean and Japanese cooking. The ancient Teochew tradition of preparing thinly sliced raw fish

910-635: Is considered one of the more conservative Chinese dialects, as it preserves features from ancient Chinese that have been lost in some of the other modern dialects of Chinese. Locals claim Chaoshan dialect is one of the oldest in China. It is spoken by about 10 million people in local Chaoshan and approximately two to five million overseas. According to historical records, the Chaoshan dialect originated in Qin and Han dynasties, developed in Tang and Song dynasties, took shape in

980-494: Is considered one of the more conservative Chinese dialects, as it preserves features from ancient Chinese that have been lost in some of the other modern dialects of Chinese. Locals claim Chaoshan dialect is one of the oldest in China. It is spoken by about 10 million people in local Chaoshan and approximately two to five million overseas. According to historical records, the Chaoshan dialect originated in Qin and Han dynasties, developed in Tang and Song dynasties, took shape in

1050-740: Is home to many active wind farms, including the Nan'ao Wind Farm complex on Nan'ao Island in Shantou , which is the largest island wind farm in Asia; and the Shibeishan Wind Farm in Huilai County . There are also multiple planned wind farm complexes set to start construction in 2024–2025, the most notable being Chaozhou 's planned offshore wind farm in the Taiwan Strait (set to be a 43.3 gigawatt facility) and

1120-426: Is home to many active wind farms, including the Nan'ao Wind Farm complex on Nan'ao Island in Shantou , which is the largest island wind farm in Asia; and the Shibeishan Wind Farm in Huilai County . There are also multiple planned wind farm complexes set to start construction in 2024–2025, the most notable being Chaozhou 's planned offshore wind farm in the Taiwan Strait (set to be a 43.3 gigawatt facility) and

1190-475: Is located in the east of Guangdong ; it is bordered by Zhangzhou to its northeast and Meizhou in the northwest. The region has varying elevations, with highlands in northwest Chaoshan and low-lying deltas in the south and southeast. Two of the most notable mountain ranges in the northwest are the Phoenix Mountain Range  [ zh ] ( Chinese : 凤凰山 ; pinyin : Fènghuáng shān ) and

1260-891: Is served by three rivers and their tributaries: the Hanjiang ( Chinese : 韩江 ), the Rongjiang ( Chinese : 榕江 ), and the Lianjiang ( Chinese : 练江 ). Chaoshan has a long coastline with many ports, reaching a total length of more than 325.6 kilometres (202.3 mi). Its coastline spreads southwest from Raoping County and is detailed by bays, inlets, and islands; the largest island being Nan'ao Island . Districts: Jinping , Longhu , Haojiang , Chaoyang , Chaonan , Chenghai County: Nan'ao New Area: Haiwan Districts: Rongcheng , Jiedong Counties: Jiexi , Huilai County-level City: Puning Districts: Xiangqiao , Chao'an County: Raoping In March 2013,

1330-767: The Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China , while Sun Yat-sen established the Constitutional Protection Junta in Guangzhou, sparking the Constitutional Protection Movement . Both armies fought outside the city walls of Puning, in the villages of Wuli and Minggang. On 25 May 1921, Puning was brought under the control of Chen Jiongming's forces once again. On 12 March 1925, Chiang Kai-shek , He Yingqin , and Zhou Enlai led

1400-572: The Lotus Mountain Range  [ zh ] ( Chinese : 莲花山脉 ; pinyin : Liánhuā shānmài ). Another famous mountain is the Sangpu Mountain located at the junction of Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang 3 prefecture-level cities. The region's flat terrain is served by three rivers and their tributaries: the Hanjiang ( Chinese : 韩江 ), the Rongjiang ( Chinese : 榕江 ), and the Lianjiang ( Chinese : 练江 ). Chaoshan has

1470-417: The Min Nan Chaoshan dialect ( 潮汕话 ). The region, also known as Chiushan in Cantonese, consists of the cities Chaozhou , Jieyang and Shantou . It differs linguistically from the rest of Guangdong province, which was historically dominated by Yue speakers, Hakka , and Leizhou Min speakers. However, Mandarin has recently become the dominant language in the region. It is historically important as

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1540-803: The Nanchang Uprising forces retreated to Liusha and conducted a military conference in Liusha Christian Church on 3 October. The uprising forces were attacked and defeated by Chen Jitang 's forces. In 1928, Peng Pai led the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army into Puning and met up with remnant forces of the Nanchang Uprising, to discuss setting up a revolutionary base in the Dananshan Mountain area. The Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway stops at Puning railway station along

1610-870: The National Revolution Army (NRA) started a rebellion in Wuchang , while Fang Cishi (1887-1915) of the Tongmenghui dispatched troops in Puning. Guangdong declared its independence from the Qing Empire the following month and abolished the Chaozhou Prefecture, rendering counties such as Puning under the control of the Governor of Guangdong. Liu Renchen from the Tongmenghui also led his troops into Puning's city area. As

1680-718: The National Revolutionary Army (NRA) to defeat Chen's forces in Lihu of eastern Puning. On 2 November 1925, the NRA arrived in the city area of Puning, and Zhou made speeches there to raise funds for the army. On the same year, the Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou announced that the Chaozhou (Teochew) and Meizhou regions came under the rule of the Chinese Nationalist Party ( Kuomintang ; KMT). Fang Zhiting

1750-553: The Pre-Qin era, the succeeding political regimes on Zhongyuan did not have any de facto administration of Puning and its surrounding regions. It was incorporated into Zhongyuan territories during the Qin and Han dynasties, but there had never been any clear administrative borders in the regions. In 1558, Zhang Lian started a rebellion in Raoping and Dabu of eastern Chaozhou (Teochew) Prefecture and subsequently declared himself Emperor of

1820-522: The Song dynasty , is still flourishing and remains an important part of social etiquette in Chaozhou. At the local teahouse, tea service is often accompanied by Chaozhou music ( 潮州音樂 ). Chaozhou string music , the gong and drum music, flute music are the traditional musical forms of Chaozhou music. Chaozhou string music is made up of mostly plucked and bowed string instruments, and on some occasions, wind instruments are used. The most characteristic instruments are

1890-476: The Song dynasty , is still flourishing and remains an important part of social etiquette in Chaozhou. At the local teahouse, tea service is often accompanied by Chaozhou music ( 潮州音樂 ). Chaozhou string music , the gong and drum music, flute music are the traditional musical forms of Chaozhou music. Chaozhou string music is made up of mostly plucked and bowed string instruments, and on some occasions, wind instruments are used. The most characteristic instruments are

1960-613: The ancestral homeland of many citizens of other countries of Chinese descent, including Viets , Thais , Cambodians , Singaporeans , Malaysians , and Indonesians . Chao Shan people are mainly spread over Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Hainan; they have emigrated and established communities in Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, France, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Indonesia, and other countries and coastal areas. The Teochew Letters , which have been admitted into

2030-403: The rihin ( 二弦 ), tihu ( 提胡 ) and yahu (all two-stringed bowed lutes), the sanxian , pipa , ruan , guzheng , and yangqin . The number of instruments and performers in the ensemble is flexible and depends on the availability of instruments and musicians to play them - but for an even and balanced texture only one of each instrument is preferred. Chaozhou drum music includes

2100-403: The rihin ( 二弦 ), tihu ( 提胡 ) and yahu (all two-stringed bowed lutes), the sanxian , pipa , ruan , guzheng , and yangqin . The number of instruments and performers in the ensemble is flexible and depends on the availability of instruments and musicians to play them - but for an even and balanced texture only one of each instrument is preferred. Chaozhou drum music includes

2170-654: The Asia/Pacific Regional Memory of the World (MOW) Register, were family correspondence and remittance sent by Teochew immigrants in Southeast Asia to their families living in Chaoshan. The name "Chaoshan" ( 潮汕 ) is a contraction of two prefecture-level cities in the region: Chaozhou ( 潮州 ) and Shantou ( 汕头 ). The name was first used in the 1904 construction of the Chao Chow and Swatow Railway , which connected

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2240-879: The Chaoshan region in the eastern part of China's Guangdong Province , which includes the cities of Chaozhou , Shantou and Jieyang . Relative economic and linguistic isolation (most people also speak Mandarin) has helped maintain the Chaoshan area's local traditions, which has turned into a boon for foodies. Chaoshan cuisine, similar to Cantonese cooking , is characterized by the use of ingredients such as fresh seafood, poultry, galangal, Chinese basil, and vegetables. Chaoshan dishes taste fresh, light and natural. There are also unique local sauces such as pruning soy sauce, Shantou sweet and spicy sauce, garlic white vinegar sauce, and fermented fish sauce. Salty, spicy, sweet or sour, each has its own outstanding flavor. Teochew (also Chaoshan or Chiu Chow or Chaozhou) cooking focuses on restraint and subtlety and avoids heavy seasonings to highlight

2310-879: The Chaoshan region in the eastern part of China's Guangdong Province , which includes the cities of Chaozhou , Shantou and Jieyang . Relative economic and linguistic isolation (most people also speak Mandarin) has helped maintain the Chaoshan area's local traditions, which has turned into a boon for foodies. Chaoshan cuisine, similar to Cantonese cooking , is characterized by the use of ingredients such as fresh seafood, poultry, galangal, Chinese basil, and vegetables. Chaoshan dishes taste fresh, light and natural. There are also unique local sauces such as pruning soy sauce, Shantou sweet and spicy sauce, garlic white vinegar sauce, and fermented fish sauce. Salty, spicy, sweet or sour, each has its own outstanding flavor. Teochew (also Chaoshan or Chiu Chow or Chaozhou) cooking focuses on restraint and subtlety and avoids heavy seasonings to highlight

2380-500: The Chaoshan region, and thus the descendants of overseas Chaoshan immigrants are often called "Chaozhou". The Chaoshan region, despite having the second largest economy in Guangdong after the Pearl River Delta , is still considered quite economically small in comparison to the PRD's economy. Although the growth of the area's GDP stagnated in the late 1990s during the 1997 Asian financial crisis , it has experienced regional economic growth and

2450-399: The Chaozhou People's Hospital. There have been proposals to the Chinese government to amalgamate the region into one Special Economic Zone , as the split of the region into three cities (Chaozhou, Jieyang, and Shantou) in 1991 greatly slowed the level of economic growth in the region; in 2012, the per capita GDP of Shantou reached only US$ 4,250, whereas the province's total GDP per capita

2520-770: The Feilong Empire. It was suppressed by the Ming Government in 1562. In the 1860s many Southern Chinese were caught up in the various Internal conflicts and later in the Foreign conflicts. Later many Families ended up in Hawaii, the Philippines, Hong Kong and even in Thailand and Cambodia. Some of the educated classes married into Japanese Society. Other fled seeking Gold in USA and Australia and others became Traders across Asia. In October 1911,

2590-422: The PRD's economy. Although the growth of the area's GDP stagnated in the late 1990s during the 1997 Asian financial crisis , it has experienced regional economic growth and a steady increase in GDP. Li Ka-shing has also invested heavily in the education and healthcare of the region, recognizing its potential for growth; in 2023, he donated RMB 100 million to support the construction of a new inpatient building of

2660-413: The United States, Canada, New Zealand, Indonesia, and other countries and coastal areas. The Teochew Letters , which have been admitted into the Asia/Pacific Regional Memory of the World (MOW) Register, were family correspondence and remittance sent by Teochew immigrants in Southeast Asia to their families living in Chaoshan. The name "Chaoshan" ( 潮汕 ) is a contraction of two prefecture-level cities in

2730-542: The big drum and gong, the small drum and gong, the dizi set drum and dong and su drum and gong ensembles. The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the form of the Drum and Wind Music of the Han and Tang dynasties. Chaozhou guzheng ( 潮州古筝 ) is also regarded as a major genre of Southern style of Chinese guzheng . Chaoshan cuisine, also known as Chiuchow cuisine , Chaozhou cuisine or Teochew cuisine , originated from

2800-449: The big drum and gong, the small drum and gong, the dizi set drum and dong and su drum and gong ensembles. The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the form of the Drum and Wind Music of the Han and Tang dynasties. Chaozhou guzheng ( 潮州古筝 ) is also regarded as a major genre of Southern style of Chinese guzheng . Chaoshan cuisine, also known as Chiuchow cuisine , Chaozhou cuisine or Teochew cuisine , originated from

2870-547: The county's original name as Pu'an or Anpu, but this was refuted by an inscription on the external walls of a Lords of the Three Mountains temple in Guiyu, Chaoyang , discovered in 1986. In 1949, the seat of Puning County was administered as Puning City. The City's territory was split in 1950. In 1993, Puning County upgraded to become Puning City, while the original 'Puning City' became its city centre. The habitation of humans in

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2940-432: The dominant language in the region. It is historically important as the ancestral homeland of many citizens of other countries of Chinese descent, including Viets , Thais , Cambodians , Singaporeans , Malaysians , and Indonesians . Chao Shan people are mainly spread over Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Hainan; they have emigrated and established communities in Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, France,

3010-413: The end of 2010, and covers an area of 10,415 km (4,021 sq mi) that stretches from Jieyang on the coast to the southern border of Fujian . Chaoshan is located in the east of Guangdong ; it is bordered by Zhangzhou to its northeast and Meizhou in the northwest. The region has varying elevations, with highlands in northwest Chaoshan and low-lying deltas in the south and southeast. Two of

3080-658: The first county-level revolutionary regime led by the CCP through armed conflict three days later at the Chen (Tan) clan ancestral shrine in Jiujiang, Daba. The CCP declared war against Chiang Kai-shek in a public address to the Chinese nation. However, the Farmers' Free City regime and the CCP's Provisional People's Government regime ceased their activities as they lost their battle to the KMT. In October 1927,

3150-418: The four cities. (In economics, Fengshun County is usually not included in the statistics of the Chaoshan region.) The Chaoshan region encompasses the cities of Chaozhou , Jieyang , and Shantou . It had a permanent population of 13,937,897 at the end of 2010, and covers an area of 10,415 km (4,021 sq mi) that stretches from Jieyang on the coast to the southern border of Fujian . Chaoshan

3220-454: The freshness of ingredients. The ingredients of Chaoshan dishes usually include white olives, rice noodles, or mandarin oranges. These ingredients often come from the sea in Chaoshan, a hundred miles up the coast from Hong Kong. The cooking methods of Chaoshan dishes are diversified, including brining, deep-frying, pan-frying, braising, alive marinating, stewing, roasting, smoking, steam stewing, dressing, etc. The most used method among these

3290-454: The freshness of ingredients. The ingredients of Chaoshan dishes usually include white olives, rice noodles, or mandarin oranges. These ingredients often come from the sea in Chaoshan, a hundred miles up the coast from Hong Kong. The cooking methods of Chaoshan dishes are diversified, including brining, deep-frying, pan-frying, braising, alive marinating, stewing, roasting, smoking, steam stewing, dressing, etc. The most used method among these

3360-400: The high-speed Coastal Corridor . As of May 2013, Puning established friendly relations with seven other cities in mainland China. Chaoshan Chaoshan or Teoswa ( Chinese : 潮汕 ; pinyin : Cháoshàn ; Cantonese Yale : Chìusaan ; peng'im : Dio suan [ti̯o˥˥꜖꜖.sũ̯ã˧˧] ) is a cultural-linguistic region in the east of Guangdong , China . It is the origin of

3430-704: The late Ming and early Qing dynasties before forming an independent language system. Its main body is the Central Plains ancient Chinese, mixed with the Min dialect, Wang Shuo once said with a smile: " Qin Shihuang speaks a Chaozhou dialect." The Chaoshan dialect is pronounced in eight tones (four tones in Putonghua). As for the eight notes of Chaozhou, some people once summed up their image as: " Hong Kong police, old and powerless". The oldest surviving dictionary of Chaozhou sounds

3500-498: The late Ming and early Qing dynasties before forming an independent language system. Its main body is the Central Plains ancient Chinese, mixed with the Min dialect, Wang Shuo once said with a smile: " Qin Shihuang speaks a Chaozhou dialect." The Chaoshan dialect is pronounced in eight tones (four tones in Putonghua). As for the eight notes of Chaozhou, some people once summed up their image as: " Hong Kong police, old and powerless". The oldest surviving dictionary of Chaozhou sounds

3570-534: The main reasons is its language, the Chaoshan or Swatow dialect . This variant of Chinese has eight tones, compared to the six tones found in Cantonese and the four to five tones found in Mandarin , which made it one of the most difficult ones to master. Music, opera and Chaozhou cuisine are further characteristics that distinguish Chaoshan people from the rest of Guangdong . The Chaoshan dialect ( 潮州話/潮汕話 ) of Min

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3640-433: The main reasons is its language, the Chaoshan or Swatow dialect . This variant of Chinese has eight tones, compared to the six tones found in Cantonese and the four to five tones found in Mandarin , which made it one of the most difficult ones to master. Music, opera and Chaozhou cuisine are further characteristics that distinguish Chaoshan people from the rest of Guangdong . The Chaoshan dialect ( 潮州話/潮汕話 ) of Min

3710-434: The most notable mountain ranges in the northwest are the Phoenix Mountain Range  [ zh ] ( Chinese : 凤凰山 ; pinyin : Fènghuáng shān ) and the Lotus Mountain Range  [ zh ] ( Chinese : 莲花山脉 ; pinyin : Liánhuā shānmài ). Another famous mountain is the Sangpu Mountain located at the junction of Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang 3 prefecture-level cities. The region's flat terrain

3780-422: The oldest Chinese operas that originated in the Song dynasty . The old form of choral accompaniment still retains its special features. Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in a Chaozhou opera, and fan-playing and acrobatic skills are more prominent than in other types of performances. Gongfu tea ( 工夫茶 ), the "espresso" of Chinese teas with a formidable kick, which was first consumed back in

3850-422: The oldest Chinese operas that originated in the Song dynasty . The old form of choral accompaniment still retains its special features. Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in a Chaozhou opera, and fan-playing and acrobatic skills are more prominent than in other types of performances. Gongfu tea ( 工夫茶 ), the "espresso" of Chinese teas with a formidable kick, which was first consumed back in

3920-636: The planned Guangdong Jieyang Huilai wind farm (which has five separate projects). There are also plans to build a nuclear power plant in Jieyang , although the date by which construction will start has yet to be determined. Chaoshan has a culture that is distinct from its neighbours in Guangdong and the rest of China. It does, however, share similarities to the Minnan areas just north of Chaoshan in Fujian province. One of

3990-440: The planned Guangdong Jieyang Huilai wind farm (which has five separate projects). There are also plans to build a nuclear power plant in Jieyang , although the date by which construction will start has yet to be determined. Chaoshan has a culture that is distinct from its neighbours in Guangdong and the rest of China. It does, however, share similarities to the Minnan areas just north of Chaoshan in Fujian province. One of

4060-423: The province and the first of the four cities; Jieyang ranked 14th in the province and 2nd among the four cities; and Chaozhou ranked 18th in the province and 3rd among the four cities. (In economics, Fengshun County is usually not included in the statistics of the Chaoshan region.) The Chaoshan region encompasses the cities of Chaozhou , Jieyang , and Shantou . It had a permanent population of 13,937,897 at

4130-399: The region into three cities (Chaozhou, Jieyang, and Shantou) in 1991 greatly slowed the level of economic growth in the region; in 2012, the per capita GDP of Shantou reached only US$ 4,250, whereas the province's total GDP per capita was US$ 8,600. During the period 2007–2012, there was only a 10% growth in GDP, whereas the average economic growth in the whole province was around 15%. In 2007,

4200-426: The region: Chaozhou ( 潮州 ) and Shantou ( 汕头 ). The name was first used in the 1904 construction of the Chao Chow and Swatow Railway , which connected the two major cities. Chaoshan then became the general name for four prefecture-level cities: Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang , and Shanwei . Chaozhou and Shantou have agglomerated into a single, dense metropolitan area, which is among China's most densely populated. It

4270-447: The same name, which dates back to the Ming dynasty of China. According to Puning Xian Zhilue (A Brief Account of Puning County) , Guangdong Tongzhi (Comprehensive Records of Guangdong) , Ming Shi ( History of Ming ), and Chao Zhong Zaji (Miscellaneous Accounts of Chaozhou) , the name 'Puning' was given in 1563, after the phrase pubian ningmi , meaning universally serene. Versions mentioned

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4340-712: The territory of Puning dates back to the New Stone Age , evident in archaeological findings, such as the Hutou Pu Old Kilns Site (虎头埔古窑址) in Mianyuan Village, Guangtai Town, discovered in 1982. The tomb of a Sinicised Baiyue person, discovered in Songbaiwei Village, Lihu Town, illustrates that by the end of the Eastern Han period, Central Plains (Zhongyuan) culture had been introduced into Puning. During

4410-462: The total GDP of the four cities in eastern Guangdong was 210.748 billion yuan, accounting for 6.56% of the total GDP of the Province. Shantou , one of the first four special economic zones opened to the outside world, ranked 11th in the province and the first of the four cities; Jieyang ranked 14th in the province and 2nd among the four cities; and Chaozhou ranked 18th in the province and 3rd among

4480-520: The towns and villages. It is recognised as a Chinese Folk Culture Art Village by the Ministry of Culture, China. 'Puning' is the pinyin transliteration of the city in Standard Chinese , also known as Mandarin or putonghua . It is also known as ' Pou Leng' , Poh Leng, or Pho Leng in the Chaoshan language, also known as Chaoshan Min or Swatow dialect . It was named after the historical county of

4550-410: The two major cities. Chaoshan then became the general name for four prefecture-level cities: Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang , and Shanwei . Chaozhou and Shantou have agglomerated into a single, dense metropolitan area, which is among China's most densely populated. It is Guangdong 's second largest metropolitan area, after the Guangzhou -centered Pearl River Delta . Chaozhou is a major cultural center of

4620-401: Was US$ 8,600. During the period 2007–2012, there was only a 10% growth in GDP, whereas the average economic growth in the whole province was around 15%. In 2007, the total GDP of the four cities in eastern Guangdong was 210.748 billion yuan, accounting for 6.56% of the total GDP of the Province. Shantou , one of the first four special economic zones opened to the outside world, ranked 11th in

4690-552: Was appointed the chief of Puning while Fang Zhanying became the acting Prosecutor. The Puning Farmers' Association established the Farmers' Free City under the Peifeng Tower located in the suburb in February 1926, and founded the Farmers' Self-Defence Army in December of the same year, attacking the city twice. The Shanghai massacre in April 1927 had a repercussion on the county of Puning. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s Puning branch joined forces with left-wing KMT members to stage an armed riot on 23 April, and subsequently set up

4760-408: Was hindered by local officials and influential figures. In April 1912, the Deputy Governor of Guangdong, Chen Jiongming , sent his trusted aide, Chen Juemin, as the Civil Affairs Chief. The administrative division of Chaodun Circuit was established in 1914 and Puning was drawn into it; the Circuit was abolished in 1920. In 1917, Duan Qirui led his troops to attack southern China after he abolished

4830-513: Was later exported to Japan, becoming known as sashimi. The most famous culinary method in Chaoshan is marinated broth stew, where poultry (especially local geese) and other meat are slow-cooked in a highly flavored broth. This is different from Cantonese food, in which barbecued meat is arguably one of the most representative dishes. Chaoshan Chaoshan or Teoswa ( Chinese : 潮汕 ; pinyin : Cháoshàn ; Cantonese Yale : Chìusaan ; peng'im : Dio suan [ti̯o˥˥꜖꜖.sũ̯ã˧˧] )

4900-479: Was one of the eight counties of Chaoshan . In the mid-1900s, the Hakka region , which was historically part of the Huizhou Prefecture , was incorporated into Puning's territory. Subsequently, the city also welcomed back 'returned overseas Chinese' and 'family members of overseas Chinese' due to the political situation in Southeast Asia. The cultures of the various clans formed the multilingual, multicultural landscape of Puning, where customs and traditions differ across

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