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88-643: Shantou University , or STU, is located in the Sangpu Mountain area of Shantou City. It is jointly established by the Chinese Ministry of Education, the People's Government of Guangdong Province and the Li Ka Shing Foundation . The campus covers a total area of 1,889.28 mu and a total built area of 566,000 square meters. In September 2013, Shantou University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology signed

176-572: A "flower pot", a Chinese term for someone who only seems useful, but actually gets nothing done. Many credited Shanghai's growth during the period to Zhu Rongji . Jiang was an ardent believer, during this period, in Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms. In an attempt to curb student discontent in 1986 , Jiang recited the Gettysburg Address in English in front of a group of student protesters. At

264-565: A 5-meter-diameter globe supported by a "北" (north) shaped rack. Every year at 12 noon on the summer solstice, when the sun shines directly on the globe, there will be an astronomical view of "Standing up a pole with no shadow to be seen" (立竿不见影). The tomb of Lin Daqin, located in Sangpu Mountain, Jinshi Town, Chaozhou City, was built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty , and is the tomb of Lin Daqin,

352-745: A celebration to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution . Jiang reappeared at the 18th Party Congress in October 2012, and took part in the 65th Anniversary banquet of the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 2014. At the banquet he sat next to Xi Jinping , who had then succeeded Hu Jintao as CCP general secretary. In September 2015, Jiang attended the parade celebrating 70 years since end of World War II ; there, Jiang again sat next to Xi Jinping and Hu Jintao. He appeared on 29 May 2017 at Shanghai Technology University. After Xi Jinping assumed power in 2012, Jiang's position in

440-460: A coup. At the first meeting of the new CCP Politburo Standing Committee , after the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, Jiang criticized the previous period as "hard on the economy, soft on politics" and advocated increasing political thought work. Anne-Marie Brady wrote that "Jiang Zemin was a long time political cadre with a nose for ideological work and its importance. This meeting marked

528-406: A delegation which toured other SEZs in twelve countries; upon his return, he issued a radical report which recommended allowing local authorities to issue tax breaks and land leases, and increasing the power of foreign joint ventures . The report initially "caused consternation" among party leaders, but his pragmatic and empirical presentation appealed to Deng Xiaoping. His proposals were approved at

616-402: A government-regulated market economy . It was a huge step to take in the realization of Deng's "socialism with Chinese characteristics". At the same time, Jiang elevated many of his supporters from Shanghai to high government positions, after regaining Deng's confidence. He abolished the outdated Central Advisory Commission in 1992, an advisory body composed of revolutionary party elders. In

704-650: A key comprehensive university under the provincial Project 211 program, was founded in 1981 with the approval of the State Council. As the only public university that receives long-term funding from the Li Ka Shing Foundation , it is jointly supported by the Ministry of Education, the Guangdong Provincial Government and the Li Ka Shing Foundation. The Li Ka Shing Foundation has committed and donated

792-515: A member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre , when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the " Eight Elders " in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become

880-577: A native of Shangxilin Village, Shaxi Town , is also called Weng Wanda, a secretary of military department ( 兵部尚書 ) in the Ming Dynasty of China. Dongshan Lake Hot Spring Resort, located in Sangpu Dongshan Lake District, is a national AAAA-level tourist resort covering an area of more than 1,000 acres. The resort has a five-story cave-like hot spring hill, with 99 hot spring pools of different temperatures and different forms. Nanlong Reservoir

968-500: A position where he could not exercise much influence. Although Jiang retained the chairmanship of the CMC, most members of the commission were professional military men. People's Liberation Army Daily , a publication thought to represent the views of the CMC majority, printed an article on 11 March 2003 which quotes two army delegates as saying, "Having one center is called 'loyalty', while having two centers will result in 'problems. ' " This

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1056-587: A residential college. Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was the third paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He

1144-676: A series of missile tests in the waters surrounding Taiwan in 1996 in protest to the Republic of China government under President Lee Teng-hui , who had been seen as moving its foreign policy away from the One-China policy . The United States sent two carrier groups to the vicinity of Taiwan, and the PRC de-escalated. As a result of the United States response, Jiang ordered the People's Liberation Army to begin

1232-499: A series of reforms in curriculum design, teaching, resources management and human resources system, it aims to offer a platform for the exploration of higher educational reform in China. STU is strongly supported by the Central, Provincial, and Municipal authorities. The Current General secretary visited the university in the early 1990s. Former General secretary Jiang Zemin paid two visits to

1320-514: A special ceremony was held to launch the STU sports arena project at its construction site. The Sports Park is designed to cover an area of 60,868.6m and has a total construction area of 52,127.4m . It includes a 6,000-seat multi-use arena, a natatorium with pool, sport and fitness training facilities, a conference hall, a 200-room hotel and a car park for 200 vehicles. The sports arena is known as“High Park”. Li Ka Shing Foundation will offer full funding for

1408-520: A ten-year modernization program. Jiang went on a state visit to the United States in 1997, drawing various crowds in protest from the Tibet Independence Movement to supporters of the Chinese democracy movement . He made a speech at Harvard University, part of it in English, but could not escape questions on democracy and freedom. In the official summit meeting with president Bill Clinton ,

1496-683: A total of HK$ 5.4 billion to support Shantou University (including the Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business), of which HK$ 4.2 billion has already been donated as of 2012. STU is planning to relocate the Medical College into the main campus and to develop a globally advanced curriculum focusing on life science. Since 2001, the University has conducted a profound internationalization-oriented reform, and overseas talents have been recruited to serve as provost, vice president and deans. Through

1584-474: A younger generation of leaders, Jiang had his theory of Three Represents written into the Party's constitution, alongside Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory at the 16th CCP Congress in 2002. In June 1999, Jiang established an extralegal department, the 610 Office , to crack down on Falun Gong . Cook and Lemish state this was because Jiang was worried that the popular new religious movement

1672-505: Is a scenic reserve located in the Sangpu Mountain area of Didu Town, Jieyang City. It is the largest reservoir on Sangpu Mountain, and the reflection of the mountains on the waters is like a wonderful landscape painting. Located 5 kilometers southeast of Paotai Town in Jieyang City, Windgate Trail is an ancient road between Peak 1, the highest peak of Sangpu Mountain, and the Peak 2. It was once

1760-679: Is believed that Jiang had a long-running friendship with the singer Song Zuying , Chen Zhili , and others. Following the rise of Xi Jinping, Song and other Jiang loyalists, including her brother Song Zuyu, fell under investigation for corruption. Jiang had a passable command of several foreign languages, including English and Russian. Jiang remains the only paramount leader of China known to be able to speak in English. He enjoyed engaging foreign visitors in small talk on arts and literature in their native language, in addition to singing foreign songs in its original language. In 1987, he sang When We Were Young and danced with Dianne Feinstein , who

1848-403: Is equipped with advanced lighting, audiovisuals, and air conditioning. Block A, STU’s new administrative building, was inaugurated by Mr. Li Ka-Shing on June 28, 2012. The building covers a total area of 5,545m and has a floor space of 16,319 m . The academic conference center was designed by William Chang Suk Ping ( 张叔平 ). The ACC has over 50 rooms and conference halls. On June 29, 2012,

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1936-494: Is largely confined to the American economic sphere. The People's Daily and CCTV 's 7 pm Xinwen Lianbo each had Jiang-related events as the front-page or top stories, a fact that remained until Hu Jintao's media administrative changes in 2006. Jiang appeared casual in front of Western media, and gave an unprecedented interview with Mike Wallace of CBS in 2000 at Beidaihe . He would often use foreign languages in front of

2024-453: Is located at the foot of Sangpu Mountain and covers an area of 1.26 km with a total floor space of 455,500m . The STU new library, constructed with an investment from the Li Ka Shing Foundation of about 200 million RMB, was inaugurated and put into service in 2009. It is reputed as “the most beautiful university library in Asia”. The new library was designed by Ray Chen ( 陈瑞宪 ). Situated at

2112-420: Is not that of Vice President Hu Jintao [...] Rather, it is a new era of President Jiang Zemin, who has just stepped down as the Party's general secretary." Early in the 2003 SARS crisis, Jiang remained conspicuously silent, and observers were divided over whether it signified his waning influence, or respect for Hu. It has been argued that the institutional arrangements created by the 16th Congress left Jiang in

2200-771: The 12th Party Congress held in September 1982, Jiang became a member of the Central Committee of the CCP , which determines policy and elects the members of the Politburo . In 1985, a political reshuffle took place in Shanghai. Party Secretary Chen Guodong and Mayor Wang Daohan were both removed due to age issues. Instead, Rui Xingwen became the new Party Secretary of Shanghai, and Jiang became new mayor of Shanghai . Jiang received mixed reviews as mayor. Many of his critics dismissed him as

2288-697: The 13th National Congress of the CCP held in October 1987, Jiang was promoted from mayor to Shanghai party secretary , the most powerful position in the city, reporting directly to the central government. He also joined the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, in accordance with customs for party secretaries of major cities. In April 1989, former general secretary Hu Yaobang died; he had previously been forced to resign in January 1987 and accused of supporting "bourgeois liberalization". His death catalyzed

2376-489: The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre , leading to an ideological crisis between "liberals" (who supported aggressive reforms) and "conservatives" (who favored slower change). After the Shanghai-based World Economic Herald tried to publish a eulogy rehabilitating Hu and praising his reformist stance, Jiang took control of the newspaper's editorial board. As the protests continued to grow,

2464-476: The 20th Party Congress in October 2022. Jiang married Wang Yeping , also a native of Yangzhou, in 1949. She was his cousin, as Jiang's adoptive mother was Wang's aunt. Wang graduated from Shanghai International Studies University . They had two sons together, Jiang Mianheng and Jiang Miankang . Jiang Mianheng went on to be an academic and businessman, working within the Chinese space program , and founded Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation. It

2552-650: The Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s. He also worked for Changchun's First Automobile Works . As Jiang became increasingly involved in the Communist Party, his main work shifted from the technical side of engineering to administrative and political tasks. In 1962, he returned to Shanghai and became the deputy director of the Shanghai Electric Research Institute. In 1966, he

2640-645: The global South , particularly in Africa and Asia. Under Jiang's leadership, China continued its style of developmental diplomacy which had been adopted under Deng Xiaoping. China's international behavior was generally both pragmatic and predictable. During Jiang's presidency, serious flare-ups between China and the United States occurred. Nonetheless, Jiang's foreign policy was for the most part passive and non-confrontational. Foreign policy under Jiang inherited from that of Deng Xiaoping, that is, taoguang yanghui , or "hide one's talent and bide one's time", which emphasized

2728-511: The " Three Represents ", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao , although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. In 2022, Jiang died at the age of 96 in Shanghai; he was accorded a state funeral . Jiang Zemin was born in the city of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, on 17 August 1926. His ancestral home

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2816-441: The "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term " socialist market economy " in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated " opening up and reform ". Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from

2904-522: The 16th Party Congress, the majority of new members for Standing Committee were considered part of Jiang's so-called " Shanghai clique ", the most prominent being vice president Zeng Qinghong , who had served as Jiang's chief of staff for many years, and vice premier Huang Ju , a former party secretary of Shanghai. After Hu succeeded Jiang as general secretary, the latter continued to "[dominate] public life" for several years. The South China Morning Post announced that "a new era has begun in China. But it

2992-669: The Beijing Olympics. He also stood beside Hu Jintao during the mass parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in October 2009. Beginning in July 2011, false reports of Jiang's death began circulating on the news media outside of mainland China and on the internet. While Jiang may indeed have been ill and receiving treatment, the rumors were denied by official sources. On 9 October 2011, Jiang made his first public appearance since his premature obituary in Beijing at

3080-503: The Central Military Commission of the state, which marked the end of Jiang's political career. This followed weeks of speculation that forces inside the party were pressing Jiang to step aside. Jiang's term was supposed to have lasted until 2007. Hu also succeeded Jiang as the CMC chairman, but, in an apparent political defeat for Jiang, General Xu Caihou , and not Zeng Qinghong was appointed to succeed Hu as vice chairman, as

3168-525: The Chaoshan Literature Collection is listed in the project CADAL-China Academic Digital Associative Library, a national digital library project co-sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance and National Development and Reform Commission. The statue entitled “Looking up • Looking down”, one of the masterpieces of the British sculptor Zadok Ben-David, is placed near the entrance to

3256-667: The College has adopted the new EIP-CDIO (EIP stands for Ethics, Integrity, and Professionalism) educational model in line with the international practices related to engineering education. Dean: Huai Xiaofeng Zheng Shunqin Based on the international approach of education called PLEASE (Professor, Language, Edited textbook, Activities, Disciplines and Employment), the School adopts bilingual and English immersed teaching modes for various programs including Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which received

3344-597: The Construction Project, which is estimated as 350 million RMB. The construction project was scheduled to be completed in 2015. The sports arena will serve as a platform in support of STU’s whole-person education. Shantou University consists of the following colleges and schools: Dean: Mao Sihui Qiu Dongyang Dean: Liu Wenhua Lin Yu Dean: Chen Yan Deng Yong As the first CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate) member in China,

3432-629: The Department of Electrical Engineering at the National Central University in Japanese-occupied Nanjing before transferring to National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University ). He graduated there in 1947 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering . Jiang joined the Chinese Communist Party when he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Jiang received his training at

3520-458: The Left is an even greater danger" than deviating to the right. Deng grew critical of Jiang's leadership in 1992. During Deng's southern tour , he subtly suggested that the pace of reform was not fast enough. Jiang grew ever more cautious, and rallied behind Deng's reforms completely. Jiang coined the new " socialist market economy " to move China's centrally-planned socialist economy into essentially

3608-445: The Ministry of Education, the Guangdong Provincial Government and the Li Ka Shing Foundation signed a tripartite agreement to co-develop STU. The agreement was reached to support STU’s continuing reform efforts geared to an internationally renowned and nationally elite university. Organization Structure of Shantou University (As of May 2014) Current Student Enrollment Total 4-year Program 3-year Program Grand total With

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3696-457: The National People's Congress, cementing Jiang as an "early implementer" of Deng Xiaoping Theory . In March 1982, he was pushed out as vice chairman of two commissions. After pressure from premier Gu and Shanghai mayor Wang Daohan , "ardent reformist" Zhao Ziyang appointed Jiang as the first vice minister and party secretary of the newly established Ministry of Electronics Industry. At

3784-700: The Party imposed martial law and deployed troops in Beijing in May. In Shanghai, 100,000 protestors marched in the streets, and 450 students went on a hunger strike. After the third day, Jiang personally met with them to assure them that the Party shared their goals, and to promise future dialogue. He simultaneously sent a telegram to the Central Committee firmly supporting their martial law declaration. His careful public appeals were well received by both pro-democracy students and socialist party elders. On 20 May 1989, paramount leader Deng Xiaoping decided to appoint Jiang as

3872-634: The School develops a “fundamental but practical” curriculum, with international and practice-oriented features. It adopts the worldwide used curriculum system of “Platform Module” and offers small-group classes, English-immersed, and bilingual courses. It is also developing a four-year discipline in Journalistic English. The Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Peter Arnett has taught at the school since 2007. Dean: Wang Shouzhi Heidi Lee Dean: Wang Kanghua Chen Wenguang Dean: Li Dan In July 2008, Shantou University established Veritas College,

3960-614: The South China Sea. China sought a formal apology, and accepted United States Secretary of State Colin Powell 's expression of "very sorry" as sufficient. The incident nonetheless created negative feelings towards the United States by the Chinese public and increased public feelings of Chinese nationalism . A personal friend of former Canadian prime minister Jean Chrétien , Jiang strengthened China's economic stature abroad, attempting to establish cordial relations with countries whose trade

4048-546: The Thirteenth Central Committee on 24 June 1989 with a fairly small power base inside the party, and thus, very little actual power. His most reliable allies were the powerful party elders Chen Yun and Li Xiannian. He was believed to be simply a transitional figure until a more stable successor government to Deng could be put in place. Other prominent Party and military figures like President Yang Shangkun and his brother Yang Baibing were believed to be planning

4136-615: The United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses , including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement . His contributions to party doctrine, known as

4224-526: The United States , Deng Xiaoping decided to encourage special economic zones (SEZs) as part of his Four Modernizations . China's State Council established two ministerial commissions to increase trade and foreign investment. The commissions were headed by vice premier Gu Mu , who appointed Jiang as vice chairman of both commissions, a position equivalent to vice minister. Jiang's role was to ensure these SEZs increased economic prosperity without becoming "conduits" for foreign ideology. In 1980, Jiang headed

4312-539: The United States-China bilateral relation too important to be harmed in the emotion of the moment and sought to soothe the Chinese public's outrage. The Hainan island incident was another tense event in the China-United States relations which occurred during Jiang's presidency. On April 1, 2001, a United States US EP-3 surveillance aircraft collided mid-air with a Chinese Shenyang J-8 jet fighter over

4400-585: The accreditation of the Hong Kong International Administration Centre. The curriculum for the program of Public Administration is designed to help develop professionals for international public administration projects. Dean: Lu Yuan Zhou Xiao'e In response to the requirements set by the accreditation authorities at home and abroad, the School is engaged in developing a distinctive teaching model that incorporates theories, arts, and techniques. Composed of interrelated disciplines,

4488-573: The approval of the State Council . It's the only public university that receives funding from the Li Ka Shing Foundation . It's supported by the Ministry of Education (MOE), the Guangdong Provincial Government and the Li Ka Shing Foundation. Shantou University (STU) was founded in 1981 and started student enrollment in 1983. It is the only institution of higher education in the Chaoshan area. STU,

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4576-479: The beginning of a new era in propaganda and political thought work in China." Soon after, the Central Propaganda Department was given more resources and power, "including the power to go in to the propaganda-related work units and cleanse the ranks of those who had been supportive of the democracy movement." The Politburo also issued a list of "seven things" regarding "matters of universal concern to

4664-419: The breaking of the " iron rice bowl ", allowing China to join the World Trade Organization in 2001. As a result of the reforms, unemployment rates skyrocketed, rising as high as 40% in some urban areas, and stock markets fluctuated greatly. The scale of rural migration into urban areas was unprecedented anywhere, and little was being done to address an ever-increasing urban-rural wealth gap. Official reports put

4752-526: The cadre school, he became the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the ministry and was sent to the Socialist Republic of Romania , where he served as head of the expert team to establish fifteen machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After the completion of his mission in 1972, he returned to China. In 1979, following a thawing of diplomatic relations between China and

4840-506: The camera; once, he gave a 40-minute speech entirely in Russian. In an encounter with Hong Kong reporter Sharon Cheung in 2000 regarding the central government's apparent "imperial order" of supporting Tung Chee-hwa to seek a second term as Chief Executive of Hong Kong , Jiang scolded the Hong Kong journalists as "too simple, sometimes naive" in English. On 25 February 2000, Jiang introduced

4928-400: The chairmanship of the Central Military Commission, which controlled the army and the nation's foreign policy. Jiang would continue counselling Hu from "behind the curtain", and it was formally agreed that Jiang would be "consulted on all matters of state importance". Both men also reached a "tacit understanding" that Hu would not be considered a " core " leader like Jiang, Deng and Mao. At

5016-612: The core of the library is the Grate Hall of Reading. With a total area of 21,000 square meters, the library features 1500 seats and 27 seminar rooms, and also has an exhibition room, lecture hall, conference center and Student Lounge. The library is covered with a wireless LAN to facilitate online journals database access. It took the lead in China in applying the UHF RFID technology to its book circulation as well as book sorting and checking. Total collections exceed 1,743,000 volumes or items, and

5104-497: The country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982. Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary , as well as

5192-555: The curriculum focuses on advanced economic and management theories and practices, as well as the analysis of successful cases of domestic enterprises. To help develop new business professionals with morality, aspiration and power, the School has also set up the Chinese (esp. Chao-Shan) Business Case Bank, the Practice Base and Innovation Base for students, which helps to appropriately combine teaching theory, vocational training and student practicing. Dean: Bian Junhui Zeng Yang With

5280-440: The early 1990s, post-Tiananmen economic reforms by Vice Premier and later Premier Zhu Rongji with Jiang's support had stabilized and the country was on a consistent growth trajectory. At the same time, China faced myriad economic and social problems. At Deng's state funeral in 1997, Jiang delivered the elder statesman's eulogy. Jiang had inherited a China rampant with political corruption, and regional economies growing too rapidly for

5368-559: The figure on the percentage of China's GDP being moved and abused by corrupt officials at 10%. Jiang's biggest aim in the economy was stability, and he believed that a stable government with highly centralized power would be a prerequisite, choosing to postpone political reform, which in many facets of governance exacerbated the ongoing problems. After the coastal regions and SEZs were sufficiently developed, Jiang worked to reduce geographic disparities by encouraging richer cities to "provide financial, technological, and managerial assistance to

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5456-424: The implementation of the new paradigm of “system-based integrated teaching,” the College offers English-immersed courses to educate students in clinical medicine, medical ethics, scientific research and innovation, so as to develop practical medical abilities with high overall competence and innovation. Dean: Fan Dongsheng Li Jing With the reference to Columbia University’s and University of Missouri’s programs,

5544-425: The library. In June 2006, the bronze sculpture series, “Living World” from Ju Ming, a famous Taiwanese sculptor, was positioned besides the picturesque reservoir on STU campus. The lower part of the cylinder-shaped building that holds the sculpture is constructed as a half-open reservoir working room. The Great Hall, also known as the auditorium, has a total area of over 5,600m and a seating capacity of 1,798. It

5632-410: The masses", with party corruption as the top priority. Jiang was also appointed as the chairman of the Central Military Commission on 9 November 1989, succeeding Deng, and president of the PRC on 27 March 1993; this marked the start of the arrangement in which the paramount leader of China simultaneously serves as Party leader, president and chair of the CMC. In the first few years, Jiang depended on

5720-478: The memorandum of understanding for the establishment of the Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT). On December 5, 2016, the Ministry of Education approved the formal establishment of GTIIT. The Tropic of Cancer Marker Tower is located about 5 kilometers north of Shantou University and was completed and opened to the public in 1986. It is about 13.6 meters tall in the form of

5808-409: The new general secretary, replacing Zhao Ziyang, who had supported the protestors. Jiang was selected as a compromise candidate over Tianjin 's Li Ruihuan , premier Li Peng , elders Li Xiannian , Chen Yun , and the retired elders to become the new general secretary. Before that, he had been considered to be an unlikely candidate. Jiang was appointed as general secretary at the fourth plenum of

5896-582: The only champion of liberal arts ( 文科狀元 ) in the history of the imperial examination of Chaoshan Region. In 1987, Lin Daqin's tomb was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Chaozhou City, and on October 20, 2012, it was selected as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province. Sun Mozhai Tomb, located in Sangpu Mountain, Shaxi Town, Chaozhou City, is a provincial cultural relics protection unit announced in October 2012. Sun Mozhai,

5984-422: The only way from the ancient Chaozhou Capital to Jieyang County. . 23°30′13″N 116°32′48″E  /  23.50361°N 116.54667°E  / 23.50361; 116.54667 Shantou University Shantou University ( Chinese : 汕头大学 ; pinyin : Shàntóu Dàxué ; abbreviated STU ), is a university under the provincial Project 211 program in Shantou , Guangdong , was founded in 1981 with

6072-403: The party, and changed the founding ideology of the CCP from protecting the interests of the peasantry and workers to that of the "overwhelming majority of the people", a euphemism aimed at placating the growing entrepreneurial class. Conservative critics within the party, such as hardline leftist Deng Liqun , denounced this as betrayal of "true" communist ideology. Before he transferred power to

6160-515: The poorer, western ones." Jiang put forward the plan for China's western development . Construction of various infrastructure projects such as the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the Three Gorges Dam began under Jiang's leadership. Jiang launched the Going Global policy in 1999, a national strategy which sought to develop national champion firms, increase foreign demand for Chinese goods and services, and secure energy and resources. This policy greatly expanded Chinese investment and influence in

6248-533: The protocol sequence of leaders retreated; while he was often seated next to Xi Jinping at official events, his name was often reported after all standing members of the Communist Party's Politburo. Jiang reappeared at the 19th Party Congress on 18 October 2017. He appeared on 29 July 2019 at the funeral of former premier Li Peng. He also attended the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China mass parade in October 2019, marking his last public appearance prior to his death. He did not attend

6336-595: The remaining sitting members of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. In 2007, Jiang was seen with Hu Jintao on stage at a ceremony celebrating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army , and toured the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution with Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, and other former senior officials. On 8 August 2008, Jiang appeared at the opening ceremony of

6424-497: The run-up to the 16th National Congress of the CCP , Hu Jintao had "almost unanimous support" to become the new CCP general secretary. To maintain China's image as a stable and respected country, Jiang and Hu emphasized their unity, striving to make this transition the first "smooth and harmonious" one in the PRC's history. Jiang stepped down as general secretary and left the Politburo Standing Committee, but retained

6512-526: The ship. Although China sought a formal apology, the United States refused to apologize and refused to pay compensation. Despite the humiliation of the Yinhe incident , Jiang took a stance of goodwill towards the United States and adopted the "sixteen-characters formula" for working with the United States: "enhancing confidence, reducing troubles, expanding cooperation, and avoiding confrontation." Jiang oversaw

6600-535: The stability of the entire country. Deng's policy that "some areas can get rich before others" led to an opening wealth gap between coastal regions and the interior provinces. Jiang and Zhu initiated major reforms to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) during their tenure. Per the concept of " grasping the large, letting go of the small ", a number of heavy industries were deregulated and many small- and medium-sized SOEs were closed down or privatized, initially removing as many as 40 million jobs from SOEs. Jiang also oversaw

6688-422: The support and assistance of the Li Ka Shing Foundation and government officials at all levels, STU has achieved rapid development in the past three decades. Relations between the Li Ka Shing Foundation and University Communist party officials have soured over the years with significant conflict occurring in 2018 and 2019. As of 2019 the Li Ka Shing Foundation no longer has an office on campus. Shantou University

6776-456: The support of Deng Xiaoping to remain in power, which forced Jiang into an "ultranationalist stance" towards Taiwan and the US. Jiang had supported Deng's calls against "bourgeois liberalization", but while Jiang was seen as a "thoughtful reformer", he "[skewed] to the more conservative views of the elders and his Politburo colleagues". Deng was far more supportive of reforms, saying that "deviating to

6864-478: The theory of Three Represents , which was later enshrined in both Party and State constitutions as an "important thought", following in the footsteps of Marxism–Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Officially termed as the latest development of socialism with Chinese characters under Jiang's tenure, the Three Represents justified the incorporation of the new capitalist business class into

6952-617: The tone was relaxed as they sought common ground while largely ignoring areas of disagreement. Clinton would visit China in June 1998, and vowed that China and the United States were partners in the world, and not adversaries. After the United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999, Jiang seemed to have put up a harsh stance for show at home, but in reality only performed symbolic gestures of protest, and no solid action. Jiang deemed

7040-649: The university and wrote the following inscription as praise and encouragement to the staff and students: “The mission is demanding and the journey ahead is long.” Other leaders of the Central Government have also visited the university. Among them are Chinese President and General Secretary of the Communist Party Hu Jintao , Premier Li Peng , NPC( National People's Congress ), Chairman Qiao Shi , CPPCC Chairman Li Ruihuan , Vice Premier Li Lanqing and Vice Governor of Guangdong Wang Yang . In 2012,

7128-598: The use of cooperative rhetoric and the avoidance of controversy. In July 1993, the United States Navy stopped a Chinese container ship, the Yinhe , based on the incorrect suspicion that it was carrying chemical weapon precursors bound for Iran. Although China denied the allegation, the United States cut off the Yinhe ' s GPS, causing it to lose direction and anchor on the high seas for twenty-four days until it acceded to an inspection. There were no chemical precursors on

7216-417: Was "quietly infiltrating the CCP and state apparatus." On 20 July, security forces arrested thousands of Falun Gong organizers they identified as leaders. The persecution that followed was characterized as a nationwide campaign of propaganda, as well as the large-scale arbitrary imprisonment and coercive reeducation of Falun Gong organizers, sometimes resulting in death due to mistreatment in detention. In

7304-582: Was appointed as the director and deputy party secretary of a thermal engineering research institute in Wuhan , which was established by the First Ministry of Machine Building . When the Cultural Revolution began in the same year, he did not suffer greatly during the turmoil, but was pulled down from his position as director of the institute and was sent to a May Seventh Cadre School . In 1970, after leaving

7392-490: Was initially speculated. This power transition formally marked the end of Jiang's era in China, which roughly lasted from 1989 to 2004. In 2008, Jiang published an academic article on China's clean energy resources and another on China's information technology development. Jiang continued to make official appearances after giving up his last title in 2005. In China's strictly defined protocol sequence , Jiang's name always appeared immediately after Hu Jintao's and in front of

7480-467: Was interpreted as a criticism of Jiang's attempt to exercise dual leadership with Hu on the model of Deng Xiaoping. On 19 September 2004, after the 4th Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Jiang, at the age of 78, relinquished his post as chairman of the party's Central Military Commission, his last post in the party. Six months later in March 2005, Jiang resigned his last significant post, chairman of

7568-559: Was mayor of San Francisco at the time. Jiang also played the ukulele during his 1997 visit to Hawai'i. Jiang died on 30 November 2022, at the age of 96, in Shanghai. According to the Chinese state media Xinhua News Agency , he died at 12:13 pm from leukemia and multiple organ failures. On the day of Jiang's death, the government released a notice that the national flags would be flown half-staff in key locations of Beijing and diplomatic missions abroad. Foreigners were not invited to attend official mourning activities. Jiang's body

7656-617: Was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong , Deng Xiaoping , and Xi Jinping . Born in Yangzhou , Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970 and 1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in

7744-660: Was the Jiangcun Village ( 江村 ) in Jingde County , Anhui. This was also the hometown of a number of prominent figures in Chinese academic and intellectual establishments. Jiang grew up during the years of Japanese occupation . His uncle and foster father, Jiang Shangqing , died fighting the Japanese and was considered in Jiang Zemin's time to be a national hero. After Shangqing's death, Zemin became his male heir. Jiang attended

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