Proto-Georgian–Zan (also referred to as Proto-Karto-Zan ) is a reconstructed language which is the common ancestor of Karto-Zan languages . It is hypothesized to have diverged from Proto-Kartvelian during the 19th century BC and to have split into the ancestor of the Zan languages and the Georgic languages (ancestor of Judaeo-Georgian and Georgian and dialects) around the 8th century BC or 7th century BC.
11-500: The phonology of Proto-Georgian–Zan is essentially identical to Proto-Kartvelian in both vowel sounds and consonant sounds, although the lexicon has slightly diverged, as evidenced by the lack of certain words related to metallurgy and agriculture present in Svan . Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan This Georgia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about historical linguistics
22-560: A branch of the Kartvelian languages constituted by the Mingrelian and Laz languages. The grouping is disputed as some Georgian linguists consider the two to form a dialect continuum of one Zan language. This is often challenged on the most commonly applied criteria of mutual intelligibility when determining borders between languages, as Mingrelian and Laz are only partially mutually intelligible, though speakers of one language can recognize
33-483: A lower-level proto-language called Proto-Karto-Zan or Proto-Georgian-Zan , which is the ancestor of Karto-Zan languages (includes Georgian and Zan ). The ablaut patterns of Proto-Kartvelian are highly similar to those of the Indo-European languages , and so it is thought that Proto-Kartvelian interacted with Indo-European at a relatively early date. This is reinforced by cognates with Indo-European, such as
44-610: A sizable amount of vocabulary of the other, primarily due to semantic loans , lexical loans and other areal features resulting from geographical proximity and historical close contact common for dialect continuums. The term Zan comes from the Greco-Roman name of one of the chief Colchian tribes , which is almost identical to the name given to the Mingrelians by the Svans ( მჷ-ზა̈ნ mə-zän ). Georgian linguist Akaki Shanidze proposed
55-399: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This language-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Proto-Kartvelian language The Proto-Kartvelian language , or Common Kartvelian ( Georgian : წინარექართველური ენა , romanized : ts'inarekartveluri ena , Georgian : პროტოქართველური ენა , romanized : p'rot'okartveluri ena ),
66-483: Is a single, stable vowel in each word element. The system of pronouns of Proto-Kartvelian is distinct on account of its category of inclusive– exclusive (so, for instance, there were two forms of the pronoun "we": one that includes the listener and one that does not). This has survived in Svan but not in the other languages. Svan also includes a number of archaisms from the Proto-Kartvelian era, and therefore it
77-452: Is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Kartvelian languages , which was spoken by the ancestors of the modern Kartvelian peoples . The existence of such a language is widely accepted by specialists in linguistics, who have reconstructed a broad outline of the language by comparing the existing Kartvelian languages against each other. Several linguists, namely Gerhard Deeters and Georgy Klimov have also reconstructed
88-509: Is thought that Svan broke off from Proto-Kartvelian at a relatively early stage: the later Proto-Kartvelian stage (called Karto-Zan ) split into Georgian and Zan (Mingrelo-Laz). Distinction between plain [ q ] and ejective [ qʼ ] remains only in Svan language . This distinction also existed in Old Georgian . Zan languages The Zan languages , or Zanuri ( Georgian : ზანური ენები ) or Colchidian , are
99-602: The Proto-Kartvelian * mḳerd- ('breast'), and its possible relation to the Proto-Indo-European * ḱerd- ('heart'). Proto-Kartvelian *ṭep- (warm) may also be related to Proto-Indo-European * tep- 'warm'. The modern descendants of Proto-Kartvelian are Georgian , Svan , Mingrelian and Laz . The ablaut patterns of Proto-Kartvelian were better preserved in Georgian and (particularly) Svan than in either Mingrelian or Laz, in which new forms have been set up so that there
110-465: The mid-7th century AD, Zan speakers were split by migration of Georgian-speaking peoples from Iberia ( eastern Georgia ), driven by the Arabs , who took over the regions of Imereti , Guria , and Adjara . Separated by geography, and later by politics and religion, northern and southern Zan eventually diverged into Mingrelian and Laz. Since the differentiation was basically complete by early modern times, it
121-558: The name "Colchidian" for Zan. According to a glottochronological analysis by G. Klimov , the Zan languages had split from the Common Kartvelian group by about the 8th century BC. Zan was spoken by a continuous community stretching along the Black Sea coast, from modern day Trabzon , Turkey into western Georgia , also existing in modern-day Giresun and Ordu provinces of Turkey. In
SECTION 10
#1732852576111#110889