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49-679: Preda is a small village within the Swiss municipality of Bergün Filisur (until the end of 2017 Bergün/Bravuogn ), district of Albula , Canton Graubünden ( Grisons ), in the East of Switzerland . The name Preda, like Prada, derives from the Latin pratum = meadow . Preda is located in the upper valley of the Albula Alps . It lies on the road over the Albula Pass at 1789 metres above sea level (a.s.l.) and at

98-464: A Fachhochschule ). St. Moritz is a regional economic centre and a tourist community. As of  2014 , there were a total of 7,590 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 24 people worked in 7 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 1,039 workers in 74 separate businesses. A minority (17.0%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 22 small businesses with

147-475: A difference in altitude of more than 400 m. Friedrich Hennings, the designer of the Albula line, had to devise a complex succession of curved or spiral tunnels and viaducts in order to lengthen the path of the railway by 12 km to respect the maximum value of the slope (< 3.5 %) imposed by engineering constraints. Two curved tunnels , three spiral tunnels , and a number of bridges were needed to solve

196-400: A first language. Romansh lost ground to both German and Italian. In 1900, 31% of the population spoke Italian as a first language, and in 1910, it was about the same. In the following years, the percentage of Romansh and Italian speakers both decreased against German speakers. In 1941, only 20% spoke Romansh, and in 1970 it was 8%. In 2000, only 4.7% of the population spoke Romansh. St. Moritz

245-589: A rate of 4.9%. As of 2000 , the gender distribution of the population was 45.4% male and 54.6% female. The age distribution, as of 2000 , in St. Moritz is; 423 children or 7.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 502 teenagers or 9.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 960 people or 17.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,055 people or 18.9% are between 30 and 39, 864 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 820 people or 14.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution

294-416: A staff of 520 persons and is the biggest employer in St. Moritz. In 2014 a total of 9.3% of the population received social assistance. In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 1,062 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality, representing a minority of the employees. In 2015 local hotels had a total of 599,734 overnight stays, of which 69.2% were international visitors. In

343-490: A time in an on the water dogfight which tests the sailors and skippers to the limits of their physical abilities. Points accrued count towards the World Match Racing Tour and a place in the final event, with the overall winner taking the title ISAF World Match Racing Tour Champion. Thanks to its favorable location, St. Moritz enjoys over 300 days of sunshine a year. Every winter it hosts the "White Turf" horse race on

392-430: A total of 533 employees and 3 mid sized businesses with a total of 329 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 6,527 jobs in 768 businesses. In 2014 a total of 3,820 employees worked in 752 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 14 mid sized businesses with 1,928 employees and 2 large businesses which employed 779 people (for an average size of 389.5). The Badrutt's Palace Hotel (Five Star) has

441-517: A tunnel from Lake Palpuogna . The Preda hamlet has a hotel, a guest and group house, a farm, and several chalets. East of Preda, at the 2312-metre-high Albula Pass , lies the drainage divide between the Rhine river ( North Sea drainage basin ) and the Inn river ( Black Sea basin). The valley floor is used for agriculture. Above there are extensive wooded areas. Beyond the tree line are several alps. In

490-504: Is 532 people or 9.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 289 people or 5.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 121 people or 2.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 23 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older. In 2014 there were 2,822 private households in St. Moritz with an average household size of 1.84 persons. Of the 884 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 29.1% were single family homes and 40.8% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 19.9% of

539-516: Is August during which time Filisur receives an average of 123 mm (4.8 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.7 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 40.4 mm (1.59 in) of precipitation over 6.5 days. The municipal church and the Chasa Jenatsch with its barn in Bergün and the castle ruins of Greifenstein and

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588-608: Is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland , at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level . It is Upper Engadine 's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons . St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking

637-604: Is also the world-famous Cresta Run toboggan course. The year-round population is 5,600, with some 3,000 seasonal employees supporting hotels and rental units with a total of 13,000 beds. The Kulm Hotel St. Moritz is a large luxury hotel in St. Moritz. St. Moritz has a subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc) due to its particularly high elevation near to the tree line . It has cool summers coupled with cold nights and very cold, snowy winters with highs around freezing and 254 cm (100 in) of average annual snowfall. The average temperature, about 2 °C (36 °F; measured in

686-541: Is the highest town in the country with a railway station. St. Moritz railway station is situated in the centre of the town, near the lakeshore and at the bottom of Via Serlas . It is operated by the Rhaetian Railway , and is the terminus for Albula and Bernina railway lines. The Glacier Express and Bernina Express trains stop at St. Moritz. Near the railway station is an important Swiss PostBus stop. The St. Moritz–Corviglia funicular links St. Moritz with

735-478: Is the starting point of a 7 km long railway trail to Bergün, which mostly follows the railway line down the valley. The Rhaetian Railway ( German : Rhätische Bahn ; French : Chemin de fer rhétique ; Italian : Ferrovia retica ; Romansh : Viafier retica ), abbreviated RhB , is a Swiss transport company owning the largest network of all private railway operators in Switzerland . Headquartered in Chur ,

784-680: The CVP (11.0%). In the federal election, a total of 1,428 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 54.1%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 34.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (24.5%), the SP (22.4%), and the CVP (17%). In St. Moritz about 65.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or

833-612: The Preda station . Preda is on the railway line between Chur and St. Moritz . InterRegio trains deliver hourly service while Regio trains offer a more limited service between Chur and St. Moritz . In 2008, the RhB section from the Albula - Bernina area, including St. Moritz , was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . In 2011, the Albula-Bernina line was the first rail line in

882-688: The RhB operates all the railway lines of the Swiss canton of Grisons , except two lines. The construction of the Albula Railway begun in September 1898 under the supervision of the German-Swiss civil engineer Friedrich Hennings , a pioneer of railway construction in Switzerland. The line was opened on 1 July 1903 and its extension to St. Moritz started operations on 10 July 1904. Because at its conception,

931-404: The 1985 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by 3 ha (7.4 acres) and is now about 1.15% of the total area. Of the agricultural land 149 ha (370 acres) is fields and grasslands, and 643 ha (1,590 acres) consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1985 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 37 ha (91 acres). Over

980-404: The 2004/09 survey) of 28.69 km (11.08 sq mi). Of this area, about 26.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 20.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 9.0% is settled (buildings or roads) and 44.8% is unproductive land. In the 2004/09 survey a total of 160 ha (400 acres) or about 5.6% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of 23 ha (57 acres) over

1029-570: The 3rd century by Maximian in Switzerland while serving as leader of the Theban Legion . Pilgrims traveled to Saint Mauritius, often to the church of the springs, where they drank from the blessed, bubbling waters of the Mauritius springs in the hopes of being healed. In 1519, the Medici pope Leo X promised full absolution to anyone making a pilgrimage to the church of the springs. In the 16th century,

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1078-421: The Albula line was intended to be operated by steam locomotives and that their power was still restricted at this time, it was necessary to limit the slope of the railway to maximum 3.5% ( gradient of 3.5 m altitude over a distance of 100 m). The ascent of the valley between Bergün/Bravuogn and Preda was especially problematic. There, over a distance of 5 km as the crow flies, it was necessary to overcome

1127-506: The FIBT World Championships ( bobsleigh and skeleton racing ) a record 21 times. Since 1985, it has hosted Snow Polo St. Moritz, a tournament featuring many of the world's finest team and played on a specially marked field on the frozen lake. St. Moritz is extremely popular in the summer months as an altitude training base for distance athletes, particularly cyclists , runners , and race walkers . Its popularity extends to

1176-666: The Schmittentobel- Landwasser Viaduct of the Rhaetian Railway in Filisur are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . The villages and hamlets of Bravuogn, Latsch, Stugl and Filisur are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . The Albula Railway became a UNESCO World Heritage Site itself in 2008. It maintains the Bahnmuseum Albula at the Bergün train station. This railway museum documents

1225-399: The altitude, weather, world class athletics track , and availability of paths and trails in the area. In 1904, the oldest and world's last remaining natural bob run was opened. The 1.72 km (1.07 mi) ice channel – also known as the world's biggest "ice sculpture" – is built every winter from the ground up with only snow and water. The bob run hosted numerous world championships and

1274-470: The area. When the pass above Preda is closed in the winter and there is sufficient snow, the road below Preda to Bergün serves as a toboggan run for sleds (longest natural toboggan run in Europe). The sledders and their sledges are transported to Preda by regular trains and additional "sledge trains". In winter there is also a snowshoe trail at Preda. In the summer, there are numerous hiking trails . Preda

1323-450: The buildings were built before 1919, while 8.6% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 9.32. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2015 , was 3.18%. In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 31.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (27.0%), the BDP (15.1%) and

1372-983: The construction of the Albula line. Both former municipalities contain track of the Albula Railway The municipality has three railway stations: Preda , Bergün/Bravuogn , and Filisur . All three are located on the Albula line with regular service to St. Moritz and Chur . Filisur, at the junction with the Davos Platz–Filisur line , also has regular service to Davos Platz . St. Moritz St. Moritz ( / ˌ s æ n m ə ˈ r ɪ t s / SAN mə- RITS , US also / ˌ s eɪ n t -/ SAYNT -⁠ , UK also / s ən t ˈ m ɒr ɪ t s / sənt MORR -its ; German , in full: Sankt Moritz [zaŋkt moˈrɪts, ˈmoːrɪts] locally [saŋkt] ; Romansh : San Murezzan [sam muˈʁetsən] ; Italian : San Maurizio ; French : Saint-Moritz )

1421-507: The cross-country skiing part of the Nordic combined , and the ice hockey events took place in St. Moritz. In addition to the above sports, St. Moritz is also well known as a destination for sailing. It is the host venue for the annual St. Moritz Match Race held on lake St. Moritz. The St. Moritz Match Race event is part of the prestigious World Match Racing Tour which covers three continents. The identical supplied (BLU-26) boats are raced two at

1470-585: The engineering problem, by winding the track around like the thread of a screw. Elegant, but robust, viaducts were constructed over the valleys to connect the tunnels. Beyond Preda, the centrepiece of the line is the 5,866 m long Albula Tunnel , which passes under the watershed between the Rhine and the Danube , a few kilometres west of the Albula Pass . Today, the Rhaetian Railway continues to serve several famous touristic destinations, such as St. Moritz and Davos . The Rhaetian Railway provides services to

1519-446: The first scientific treatises about the St. Moritz mineral springs were written. In 1535, Paracelsus , the great practitioner of natural remedies, spent some time in St. Moritz. Although it received some visitors during the summer, the origins of the winter resort only date back 160 years ago to September 1864, when St. Moritz hotel pioneer Caspar Badrutt made a wager with four British summer guests: they should return in winter and, if

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1568-739: The first village in the Alps to install electric trams and opened the Palace Hotel . A horse race was held on snow in 1906, and on the frozen lake the following year. The first ski school in Switzerland was established in St. Moritz in 1929 . St. Moritz hosted the 1928 Winter Olympics —the stadium still stands today—and again in 1948 . It has hosted over 20 FIBT World Championships , four FIS Alpine World Ski Championships (1934/1974/2003/2017) and over 40 Engadin Skimarathons since 1969. It has also hosted many other events since, including some unlikely ones on

1617-721: The flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and eponymous lake: Lake St. Moritz . It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948 . Votive offerings, swords, and needles from the Bronze Age found at the base of the springs in St. Moritz indicate that the Celts had already discovered them. St. Moritz is first mentioned around 1137–39 as ad sanctum Mauricium . The village was named after Saint Maurice , an early Christian saint from southern Egypt said to have been martyred in

1666-573: The frozen Lake St. Moritz attended by the international upper class . Prominent property owners in St. Moritz included Sonja Ziemann , Gunter Sachs , Herbert von Karajan , Lakshmi Mittal , Ivan Glasenberg , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , Maurizio Gucci , Giorgio Armani , Ingvar Kamprad , Helmut Horten , Giovanni Agnelli , Remo Ruffini , Dean and Dan Caten , the Heineken family , Aristoteles Onassis and Stavros Niarchos . Popular pastimes include skiing , snowboarding , and hiking , and nearby there

1715-546: The frozen lake in the 1970s and 1980s such as a golf tournament, (1979), a snow polo tournament (held every year in January since 1985) and Cricket on Ice (1989). St. Moritz has also been the venue for many Sailing and Windsurfing World Championships. Since the early 1980s St. Moritz is also promoted and known as Top of the World . The expression was registered as a trademark by the tourist office in 1987. St. Moritz has an area (as of

1764-527: The immediate vicinity of Preda, down the valley, is located the intermediate Alpine pasture settlement (Maiensäss) Naz. The place is located one kilometre west of the Preda hamlet at an altitude of 1,747 m above sea level in the Albula Valley , at the entrance to the left side valley, Val Mulix. Today it is mainly used as a holiday resort. The sledging Preda-Bergün and Darlux-Bergün is a popular winter sport in

1813-488: The merger, Bergün Filisur has an area, as of 2009 , of 190.14 km (73.41 sq mi). The new municipality has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 7,050. The historical population is given in the following chart. During construction of the Rhaetian Railway line the population of both communities increased significantly. Filisur has an average of 107.7 days of precipitation per year and on average receives 915 mm (36.0 in) of it. The wettest month

1862-463: The nearby town of Samedan ), is extremely low compared to that of the Swiss Plateau . It is also significantly lower to that of La Brévine , traditionally considered the coldest inhabited place in Switzerland. St. Moritz has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 4,945. As of 2008 , 38.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the 10 years up to 2009 the population decreased at

1911-628: The north portal of the Albula Tunnel of the Rhaetian Railway . To reach Preda, while avoiding too steep ramps, the Rhaetian Railway needs passing several valleys over impressive viaducts and cross-cutting the mountain in several spiralling tunnels ( Kehrtunnel  [ de ] in German). This allows the railway to overcome a difference in altitude of 416 metres from Bergün to Preda. The line runs from Chur or Davos to St. Moritz and ends at

1960-607: The recurring Ice Hockey Varsity Match was a bandy match played in St. Moritz in 1885. St. Moritz was the host city for the Winter Olympic Games in 1928 and 1948 , one of three cities to host twice, along with Innsbruck, Austria , and Lake Placid in the United States. It also hosted the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1934 , 1974 , 2003 , and 2017 . Additionally, St. Moritz has hosted

2009-539: The route of the Glacier Express . The Preda railway station is an important crossing point for the trains on the Rhaetian Railway: It has a long double-track line and shunting area with sidings. In summer 2014, the construction works of the Albula Tunnel began to make a 2nd tube. Since the construction of the railway line, Preda also benefits from a hydroelectric power station supplied with water through

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2058-586: The same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 33 ha (82 acres). Rivers and lakes cover 91 ha (220 acres) in the municipality. The highest summit in the Eastern Alps is Piz Bernina at 4,048.6 m (13,283 ft), located 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of the village. Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district, after 2017 it

2107-494: The same year there was one movie theater in the municipality with 267 seats. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (58.8%), with Italian being second most common (21.8%), and Portuguese being third (6.6%). Originally, the entire population spoke the Upper- Engadin Romansh dialect of Puter . Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline. In 1880, only 50.2% spoke Romansh as

2156-410: The village was not to their liking, then he would reimburse their travel costs. If they were to find St. Moritz attractive in winter, then he would invite them to stay as his guests for as long as they wished. This marked not only the start of winter tourism in St. Moritz but also the start of winter tourism in the whole of the Alps. The first tourist office in Switzerland was established the same year in

2205-484: The village. St. Moritz developed rapidly in the late nineteenth century; the first electric light in Switzerland was installed in 1878 at the Kulm Hotel , and the first curling tournament on the continent was held in 1880. The first European Ice-Skating Championships were held at St. Moritz in 1882 and first golf tournament in the Alps held in 1889. The first bob run and bob race was held in 1890. By 1896, St. Moritz became

2254-585: The world to be photographed by Google and put on Google Street View . The line is electrified, but RhB sometimes also operates several historic (steam, or diesel) trains on the network. In 2022, to celebrate the 175th anniversary of Switzerland's first railway, the Rhaetische Bahn, supported by the Swiss train-builder Stadler Rail , came together to run the world's longest-ever passenger train, composed of 100 cars (2,990 tonnes) stretching almost two kilometres long (1,906 metres). The record-breaking train convoy

2303-438: Was formed of 25 "Capricorn" electric trains. It took about an hour to cover 25 kilometres (16 mi) over the spectacular Albula Line from Preda to Alvaneu. 46°35′18″N 9°46′38″E  /  46.58833°N 9.77722°E  / 46.58833; 9.77722 Berg%C3%BCn Filisur Bergün/Bravuogn is first mentioned in 1209 as de Bregonio . Filisur is first mentioned in 1262 as villa Fallisour . After

2352-464: Was part of the Maloja Region. It consists of the settlements of St. Moritz-Dorf (elev. 1,830 m or 6,005 ft), Bad (1,775 m or 5,825 ft), Champfèr (1,825 m or 5,990 ft), and the village section of Suvretta. St. Moritz has been a resort for winter sport vacations since the 19th century. Students from Oxford and Cambridge went there to play each other; the predecessor of

2401-400: Was used in both Olympic Winter Games. In the early 1930s, some members of the bob club started taking guests along for taxi rides; today they run with slightly modified racing bobs. For the 1928 games, the cross-country skiing and the cross-country skiing part of the Nordic combined events took place around the hills of St. Moritz. Twenty years later, once again the cross-country skiing ,

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