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56-629: The cemetery was founded in 1875 by the Rev. Oscar Elmer, a Presbyterian minister who was the first ordained member of Christian clergy in Fargo–Moorhead . Rev. Elmer's brother John had drowned in the Red River of the North while visiting from New York in 1874. The condition of John Elmer's body when it was recovered meant that it could not be shipped back East, as was the usual custom, but had to be buried immediately in

112-646: A U.S. Census 1970 report, Cuban Americans were present in all fifty states. But as later Census reports demonstrated, the majority of Cuban immigrants settled in Miami-Dade County. Emigration from Cuba began to slow down in the late 1990s. Meanwhile, second-generation Cuban Americans increasingly moved out of urban enclaves like Little Havana and settled in suburban areas like Westchester , while those urban areas came to be inhabited by immigrants from other Latin American nations. In late 1999, U.S. news media focused on

168-452: A business loan. These loans enabled many Cuban Americans to secure funds and start up their own businesses. With their Cuban-owned businesses and low cost of living, Miami, Florida and Union City, New Jersey (dubbed Havana on the Hudson ) were the preferred destinations for many immigrants and soon became the main centers for Cuban-American culture. According to author Lisandro Perez, Miami

224-502: A major drop-off point for Cubans trying to reach the United States illegally. As a U.S. Commonwealth , Puerto Rico is seen as a stepping stone for Cubans trying to get to the continental U.S., though Puerto Rico itself is home to a number of Cubans. Before the 1980s, all refugees from Cuba were welcomed into the United States as political refugees. This changed in the 1990s so that only Cubans who reach U.S. soil are granted refuge under

280-748: A major interest for Cuban Americans and a growing segment in the family research industry. This has complemented assimilation by preserving Cuban and colonial roots, while also adopting American culture and values. Cuban Americans are mostly Roman Catholic , but some Cubans practice syncretic religions (such as Santería or Ifá ), which evolved from mixing the Catholic religion with the traditional African religion. There are also many Protestant (primarily Pentecostal ) Cubans, with small numbers of syncretist , nonreligious or tiny communities of Jewish and Muslim Cuban Americans. The Protestant movement in Cuba started after

336-754: A makeshift grave. The following spring, Rev. Elmer organized a cemetery association, which formally created the Prairie Home Cemetery. John Elmer's body was then moved to the new cemetery. The cemetery is still in operation. However, by 1929 the Prairie Home Cemetery Association merged with the Riverside Cemetery Association, which had organized a cemetery across the Red River in Fargo, North Dakota in 1884. Garrison Keillor used

392-501: A narrow margin of less than a percentage point. The Census Bureau also tracks a Fargo–Wahpeton Combined Statistical Area , consisting of Cass and Clay counties, as well as the Wahpeton micropolitan area of Richland County, North Dakota and Wilkin County, Minnesota . This area includes the twin cities of Wahpeton, North Dakota and Breckenridge, Minnesota . The Fargo–Moorhead urban core

448-549: A profound cultural impact as a result, as seen in such aspects of their local culture as cuisine, fashion, music, entertainment and cigar -making. Another large wave (an estimated 125,000 people) of Cuban immigration occurred in the early 1980s with the Mariel boatlifts . Most of the "Marielitos" were people wanting to escape from economic stagnation. Fidel Castro sent some 20,000 criminals directly from Cuban prisons, as well as mentally ill persons from Cuban mental institutions, with

504-481: A result of deteriorating relations with the Spanish metropolis. 1869 marked the beginning of one of the most significant periods of emigration from Cuba to the United States, again centered on Key West. The exodus of hundreds of workers and businessmen was linked to the manufacture of tobacco. The reasons are many: the introduction of more modern techniques of elaboration of snuff, the most direct access to its main market,

560-460: A unique group of people who bear their own traditions and perspectives. Cuban food is varied, though rice is a staple and commonly served at lunch and dinner. Other common dishes are arroz con pollo (chicken and rice), pan con bistec ( steak sandwich ), platanos maduros (sweet plantains ), lechon asado (pork), yuca ( cassava root ), flan , batido de mamey (mamey milkshake ), papayas and guava paste. A common lunch staple

616-495: Is a swing county which has voted for Democrats 9 times and Republicans 7 times since 1960 , Cass County has only voted Democratic twice: for Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and Barack Obama in 2008 . In recent years, however, Fargo–Moorhead has become very competitive. In 2008, it voted for Obama by a nearly-10-point margin, followed by just 0.2% in 2012. In 2016, it flipped Republican once again, voting for Donald Trump by 8 points, and it voted for Trump again in 2020, albeit by

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672-944: Is actually about forty-five minutes of highway travel from the Wahpeton–Breckenridge core. The main connection between these two pairs of cities is the Red River Valley , the flat, fertile land that both depend upon for a major part of their economies. Potatoes and sugar beets are important crops in the region, in addition to most of the other crops produced elsewhere in Minnesota and North Dakota. 46°51′N 96°47′W  /  46.850°N 96.783°W  / 46.850; -96.783 Cuban American Cuban Americans ( Spanish : cubanoestadounidenses or cubanoamericanos ) are Americans who immigrated from or are descended from immigrants from Cuba , regardless of racial or ethnic origin. As of 2023, Cuban Americans were

728-535: Is derived from diverse peoples from Middle East places such as Lebanon and Palestine. There was also a significant influx of Jews , especially between the World Wars, from many countries, including Sephardi Jews from Turkey and Ashkenazi Jews from Poland , Germany and Russia . Other Europeans that have contributed include Britons , Italians , Germans , Swedes and Hungarians . Many Chinese also arrived in Cuba as indentured laborers and they formerly boasted

784-536: Is much lower than the 20% among other Latino groups. While roughly half of all Cuban-Americans indicate that they feel more proficient in Spanish, around 60% of all Cuban-Americans do speak English proficiently. 36% of all Cuban-Americans consider themselves bilingual. The choice of many Cuban-Americans to utilize Spanish in the home connects to the desire of Cuban-Americans to retain their ethnic heritage. While many Cuban-Americans are open to some assimilation into American culture, ultimately they still consider themselves

840-597: The Captaincy General of Cuba . Consequently, Cuban immigration to regions that would eventually form the United States have a long history, beginning in the Spanish colonial period in 1565 when the settlement of St. Augustine was established by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and hundreds of Spanish soldiers and their families moved from Cuba to St. Augustine to establish new lives. Thousands of Cuban settlers also immigrated to Louisiana between 1778 and 1802 and Texas during

896-597: The Tampa Bay area 's Cuban population grew from almost nothing to the largest in Florida in just over a decade, and the city as a whole grew from a village of approximately 1000 residents in 1885 to over 16,000 by 1900. Both Ybor City and West Tampa were instrumental in Cuba's eventual independence. Inspired by revolutionaries such as Jose Martí , who visited Florida several times, Tampa-area Cubans and their sympathetic neighbors donated money, equipment, and sometimes their lives to

952-794: The Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico ; many landed on Isla Mujeres . From there Cuban immigrants traveled to the Texas-Mexico border and found asylum. Many of the Cubans who did not have family in Miami settled in Houston ; this has caused Houston's Cuban-American community to increase in size. The term "dusty foot" refers to Cubans emigrating to the U.S. through Mexico. In 2005 the Department of Homeland Security had abandoned

1008-528: The indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and those of Florida . During the 18th, 19th and early part of the 20th century, there were waves of Spanish immigration to Cuba ( Castilians , Basques , Canarians , Catalans , Andalusians , Asturians and Galicians ). Canarians immigrated to many countries along the Caribbean from Louisiana to Venezuela. But Cuba was the Latin American culture most influenced by

1064-597: The " wet foot, dry foot policy ". While representing a tightening of U.S. immigration policy, the wet foot, dry foot policy still affords Cubans a privileged position relative to other immigrants to the U.S. This privileged position is the source of a certain friction between Cuban Americans and other Latino citizens and residents in the United States, adding to the tension caused by the divergent foreign policy interests pursued by conservative Cuban Americans. Cuban immigration also continues with an allotted number of Cubans (20,000 per year) provided legal U.S. visas. According to

1120-539: The 2,679 Native Americans, 1,447 are of the Chippewa tribal grouping. The Chippewa alone make up 0.8% of the population. The 444 Sioux make up 0.2% of the population. In addition, 20 people identified themselves as a member of the Cherokee tribal grouping. NOTE: The source above contains all of the information on population, age, and race. The European American population is overwhelmingly German and Scandinavian . Most of

1176-404: The 4,786 Hispanics, 3,846 are Mexican. There were 196 Puerto Ricans and 136 Cubans ; both of these groups made up roughly 0.1% of the population. In addition, 608 individuals identified themselves with other Hispanic or Latino groups other than Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban, making up 0.3% of the population. The Native American population is predominantly Ojibwe , with a Sioux minority. Of

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1232-515: The Cuban national anthem. In 1885, Vicente Martinez Ybor moved his cigar operations from Key West to the town of Tampa, Florida to escape labor strife. Ybor City was designed as a modified company town , and it quickly attracted thousands of Cuban workers from Key West and Cuba with Spanish and Italian immigrant workers. West Tampa , another new cigar manufacturing community, was founded nearby in 1892 and also grew quickly. Between these communities,

1288-565: The Scandinavian population is of Norwegian descent. Smaller Euro-American groups include those of English , Irish , and French descent. As of the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, the top ten largest European ancestry groups were the following: NOTE: The source above contains all of the information on ancestry and language. The Fargo–Moorhead area has generally leaned Republican , voting for that party's presidential candidate in every election between 1968 and 2004 . While Clay County

1344-472: The Spanish–American War when many Americans came to Cuba. Similar to the 67% of other Latinos, 69% of Cubans under 18 speak a language other than English at home. For Cubans over the age of 18, the percent speaking a language other than English at home climbs to 89%, which is higher than the 80% among other Latino groups. Only 12% of Cubans under the age of 18 speak English less than very well, which

1400-581: The U.S. Their parents were afraid that their children were going to be sent to some Soviet bloc countries to be educated and they decided to send them to the States as soon as possible. This program was called Operation Peter Pan ( Operacion Pedro Pan ). When the children arrived in Miami they were met by representatives of Catholic Charities and they were sent to live with relatives if they had any or were sent to foster homes, orphanages or boarding schools until their parents could leave Cuba. From 1965 to 1973, there

1456-571: The US population. Of the 1,241,685 Cuban Americans, 983,147 were born abroad in Cuba and 628,331 were U.S. born. Of the 1.6 million, 415,212 were not U.S. citizens. In the 2013 ACS, there were 2,013,155 Cuban Americans. The 2010 US Census shows that 85% of Cuban Americans self-identified as being white. The most recent 2012 Cuban census has the island population at 64.12% white, 26.62% mulatto , 9.26% black , and 0.1% Asian . The ancestry of Cuban Americans includes Spanish and African peoples , as well as

1512-535: The United States, the uncertainty about the future of the island, which had suffered years of economic, political and social unrest during the beginning of the Ten Years' War against Spanish rule. It was an exodus of skilled workers, precisely the class in the island that had succeeded in establishing a free labor sector amid a slave economy. Tampa was added to such efforts, with a strong migration of Cubans, which went from 720 inhabitants in 1880 to 5,532 in 1890. However,

1568-571: The United States, where Cubans were intercepted at the Southern border over 300,000 times. In the mid- to late 19th century, several cigar manufacturers moved their operations to Key West to get away from growing laboral and political problems. Many Cuban cigar workers followed. The Cuban government had even established a grammar school in Key West to help preserve Cuban culture. There, children learned folk songs and patriotic hymns such as " La Bayamesa ",

1624-693: The United States. Among other significant Cuban American populations is that of the Louisville area of Kentucky and nearby areas of Indiana which according to some sources is around 60,000 and growing quickly. Before the Louisiana Purchase and the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, Spanish Florida and other possessions of Spain on the Gulf Coast west of the Mississippi River were provinces of

1680-500: The Western United States at 1.96% of the population. Cuban Americans have been very successful in establishing businesses and developing political clout in Miami. Cuban Americans have also contributed to and participated in many areas of American life including academia, business, acting, politics, and literature. In the last 15 years, due to the growth of interest around the world for genealogy, Cuban genealogy has become

1736-462: The alleged double purpose of cleaning up Cuban society and poisoning the USA. Those people were labeled "inadmissible" by the US government, and with time, through many negotiations, have been returned to Cuba. Since the mid-1990s, after the implementation of the "Wet feet, dry feet" policy immigration patterns changed. Many Cuban immigrants departed from the southern and western coasts of Cuba and arrived at

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1792-597: The approach of detaining every dry foot Cuban who crosses through Texas and began a policy allowing most Cubans to obtain immediate parole. Jorge Ferragut, a Cuban immigrant who founded Casa Cuba, an agency that assists Cuban immigrants arriving in Texas, said in a 2008 article that many Cuban immigrants of the first decade of the 21st century left due to economic instead of political issues. By October 2008 Mexico and Cuba created an agreement to prevent immigration of Cubans through Mexico. In recent years, Puerto Rico has become

1848-399: The case of Elián González , the six-year-old Cuban boy caught in a custody battle between his relatives in Miami and his father in Cuba. The boy's mother died trying to bring him to the United States. On April 22, 2000, immigration enforcement agents took Elián González into custody. González was returned to Cuba to live with his father. On January 12, 2017, President Barack Obama announced

1904-743: The cause of Cuba Libre . After the Spanish–American War , some Cubans returned to their native land, but many chose to stay in the U.S. due to the physical and economic devastation caused by years of fighting on the island. Several other small waves of Cuban emigration to the U.S. occurred in the early 20th century (1900–1959). Most settled in Florida and the northeast U.S. The majority of an estimated 100,000 Cubans arriving in that time period usually came for economic reasons (the Great Depression of 1929, volatile sugar prices and migrant farm labor contracts), but included anti-Batista refugees fleeing

1960-464: The cemetery's name for the title of his long-running radio program A Prairie Home Companion . 46°51′56″N 96°46′01″W  /  46.8656040°N 96.7670503°W  / 46.8656040; -96.7670503 Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead Fargo–Moorhead , also known as the FM area , is a common name given to the metropolitan area comprising Fargo, North Dakota ; Moorhead, Minnesota ; and

2016-478: The cities of Dilworth, Minnesota , West Fargo, North Dakota , and numerous other towns and developments from which commuters travel daily for work, education, and regular activities. A July 1, 2015 census estimate placed the population at 233,836, an increase of 34% from the 2000 census . According to the American Community Survey , the age distribution was as follows: According to the same survey,

2072-565: The emigration of Canary Islanders (they developed the production of sugar in Cuba), and Cuban Spanish is closest to that of the Canary Islands. Canary Islanders were viewed by other Spanish-Cubans as superstitious but also hard-working. Some of Haiti's white population ( French ) migrated to Cuba after the Haitian War of Independence in the early 19th century. Also, minor but significant ethnic influx

2128-496: The fourth largest Hispanic and Latino American group in the United States after Mexican Americans , Stateside Puerto Ricans and Salvadoran Americans . Many metropolitan areas throughout the United States have significant Cuban American populations. Florida (2,000,000 in 2023) has the highest concentration of Cuban Americans in the United States. Over 1,200,000 Cuban-Americans reside in Miami-Dade County , where they are

2184-526: The immediate cessation of the wet feet, dry feet policy. The Cuban government agreed to accept the return of Cuban nationals. Beginning with the United States–Cuban Thaw in 2014, anticipation of the end of the policy had led to increased numbers of Cuban immigrants. In the census in 2022 there were 2,435,573 Cuban Americans, and in the 2010 census there were 1,785,547 (both native and foreign born), and represented 3.5% of all Latinos, and 0.58% of

2240-462: The largest Chinatown in Western Hemisphere as most Chinese Cubans left for Florida. The largest populations of Cubans are situated in the following metropolitan areas (Source: Census 2023): The top 25 US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Cuban ancestry are (all of which are in Florida while the top 22 are in Miami-Dade County ): For total 101 communities, see

2296-483: The largest single ethnic group and constitute a majority of the population in many municipalities. Greater Miami has by far the highest concentration of Cuban Americans of any metropolitan area, with an estimate of 2.000.000 individuals identifying as such. Along with Greater Miami and its surroundings, Tampa (200,621) and Jacksonville (up to 7,000) compose another portion of the Cuban American population in

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2352-462: The military dictatorship, which had pro-U.S. diplomatic ties. During the '20s and '30s, emigration from Cuba to U.S. territory, basically comprised workers looking for jobs, mainly in New York and New Jersey. They were classified as labor migrants and workers, much like other immigrants in the area at that time. Thus migrated more than 40,149 in the first decade, encouraged by U.S. immigration facilities at

2408-580: The period of Spanish rule . Since 1820, the Cuban presence was more than 1,000 people. In 1870 the number of Cuban immigrants increased to almost 12,000, of which about 4,500 resided in New York City , about 3,000 in New Orleans and 2,000 in Key West . The causes of these movements were both economic and political, which intensified after 1860, when political factors played the predominant role in emigration, as

2464-502: The population, and numbered at 938. People of white and Asian ancestry numbered at 557, and those of white and black ancestry numbered at 571. Both groupings made up roughly 0.3% of the population. Approximately 72 people identified themselves as black and Native American. Hispanics and Latinos are the largest minority group in Fargo–Moorhead. Hispanics and Latinos make up 2.5% of the population, of which 2.0% are of Mexican descent. Of

2520-455: The population. There are 134 Filipinos , making up roughly 0.1% of the population. People of Japanese descent were very few, with only 40 people identifying themselves as Japanese; they make up a mere 0.02% of the population. Pacific Islander Americans numbered at 119, and made up approximately 0.06% of the population. Multiracial Americans make up 1.4% of the metro area's population. Those of white and Native American ancestry made up 0.5% of

2576-488: The racial composition was as follows: There were 3,032 African Americans, who made up 1.6% of the population. The Asian American population is not dominated by a single ancestry group, and is fairly diverse. The largest Asian American group are those of Chinese descent, who number at 928 and make up 0.5% of the population. Other sizable groups include Indians , Vietnamese , and Koreans , who number at 393, 379, and 360 respectively; all three groups comprise roughly 0.2% of

2632-454: The reference given. Top 20 U.S. communities with the most residents born in Cuba are (all of which are located within the Miami Florida area): According to the 2023 American Community Survey, there were 1,800,900 immigrants from Cuba in the US, the top counties of residence being: According to the 2017-2021 American Community Survey, there were 1,313,200 immigrants from Cuba in the US,

2688-599: The revolution were those affiliated with former dictator Fulgencio Batista , next were Cuba's professionals. Most Cuban Americans that arrived in the United States initially came from Cuba's educated upper and middle classes centered in Cuba's capital Havana. This middle class arose in the period after the Platt Amendment when Cuba became one of the most successful countries in Latin America. Between December 1960 and October 1962 more than 14,000 Cuban children arrived alone in

2744-425: The second half of the 1890s marked the decline of the Cuban immigrant population, as an important part of it returned to the island to fight for independence. The War accentuated Cuban immigrant integration into American society, whose numbers were significant: more than 12,000 people. The population of Cuban Americans has experienced a surge in growth once again with the arrival of the 2021–23 Cuban migration wave to

2800-618: The state of Florida. As per 2024, the second state with the highest Cuban American population is Texas , counting a number up to 140,000 individuals identifying as such. About 60,000, and more reside in the Greater Houston area, whereas about 20,000 of them live in the Dallas-Fort Worth area and Austin, Texas (up to 10,000). Some other thousands are spread out across the state, especially in West Texas . California takes place as

2856-546: The surrounding communities. These two cities lie on the North Dakota – Minnesota border, on opposite banks of the Red River of the North . The region is the cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center of southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. The Fargo–Moorhead area is defined by the Census Bureau as comprising all of Cass County, North Dakota and Clay County, Minnesota , which includes

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2912-473: The third state with the highest Cuban American population with more than 100, 000 individuals in total, of whom 80,000 live in the Los Angeles area, San Diego area (10,000), Bay Area (up to 15,000) and many others spread out across Northern California and Central Valley, California . As of today, Florida , Texas and California are the three states with the highest concentration of Cuban Americans in

2968-584: The time and more than 43,400 by the end of the 30s. The Cuban population officially registered in the United States for 1958 was around 125,000 people including descendants. Of these, more than 50,000 remained in the United States after the revolution of 1959. After the Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro in 1959, a Cuban exodus began as the new government allied itself with the Soviet Union and began to introduce communism. The first Cubans to come to America after

3024-508: The top counties of residence being: Many Cuban Americans have assimilated themselves into the American culture, which includes Cuban influences. More recently, there has been substantial growth of new Cuban American communities in places like Louisville, Kentucky , the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, Katy, Texas , and Downey, California ; the latter city now has the second-highest percentage of Cubans and Cuban Americans in

3080-709: Was another wave of immigration known as the Freedom Flights. In order to provide aid to recently arrived Cuban immigrants, the United States Congress passed the Cuban Adjustment Act in 1966. The Cuban Refugee Program provided more than $ 1.3 billion of direct financial assistance. They also were eligible for public assistance , Medicare , free English courses, scholarships and low-interest college loans . Some banks pioneered loans for exiles who did not have collateral or credit but received help in getting

3136-447: Was not particularly attractive to Cubans prior to the 1960s. It was not until the exodus of the Cuban exiles in 1959 that Miami started to become a preferred destination. Westchester within Miami-Dade County , was the area most densely populated by Cubans and Cuban Americans in the United States, followed by Hialeah in second. Communities like Miami, Tampa and Union City, which Cuban Americans have made their home, have experienced

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