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34-570: The Powder Cellar Museum is a museum in the city of Azov , Rostov Oblast , Russia. It is a branch of the Azov Museum of History, Archaeology and Palaeontology . The place it occupies was recognized as a cultural monument of federal significance of Russian Federation . The first powder cellar in Azov , a wooden building for the storage of gunpowder , was built in 1770. Inside the cellar were made bunks, where barrels of gunpowder were kept. The wooden cellar

68-471: A new powder cellar was built. From the beginning of the 19th to the 20th century the cellar was used to store of ice. From 1961 to 1965 the cellar was renovated and handed over to the Azov Museum of History, Archaeology and Palaeontology . In 1967, to celebrate the 900-year anniversary of Azov, Soviet officials opened the exposition diorama "The taking of Azov by the troops of Peter the Great in 1696." The author of

102-743: A second excavation the following year, but it never happened due to his death in April 2002. In 1471, the Ottoman Empire gained control of the area and built the strong fortress of Azak (Azov). The fort blocked the Don Cossacks from raiding and trading in the Black Sea. The Cossacks attacked Azov in 1574, 1593, 1620, and 1626. In April 1637, three thousand Don Cossacks and four thousand Zaporozhian Cossacks besieged Azov. The Turks had four thousand soldiers and two hundred cannons. The fort fell on June 21 and

136-588: Is twinned with: Genoese colonies During the Early Middle Ages , Genoa was a small, poor fishing village of 4,000 inhabitants. By slowly building its merchant fleet, it rose as the leading commercial carrier of the Western Mediterranean, starting to become independent from the Holy Roman Empire around the 11th century. A meeting of all the city's trade associations ( compagnie ) and

170-466: Is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Azov Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. Sergey Bezdolny of the United Russia party was elected Mayor of Azov on April 3, 2005 and re-elected on October 11, 2009 by 72.9% of

204-580: The Aegean Sea , and Caffa , the major trading center between Mongol-ruled Eastern Europe and Central Asia and Western Europe. Other colonies included Cembalo (modern Balaklava ), Soldaio ( Sudak ), Vosporo ( Kerch ), while other were located on the Azov Sea , including Tana ( Azov ), Matrega ( Taman ), Mapa ( Anapa ), Bata ( Novorossijsk ) and others, on the Abkhazian coast, such as Savastopoli ( Sukhumi ), or on

238-670: The Black Sea , managed to recover the fortress. Azov was granted town status in 1708, but the disastrous Pruth River Campaign constrained him to hand it back to the Turks in 1711. A humorous description of the events is featured in Voltaire 's Candide . During the Great Russo-Turkish War , it was taken by the army under Count Rumyantsev and finally ceded to Russia under the terms of Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (1774). For seven years Azov

272-551: The Holy Land . Genoa also established colonies on the Spanish Mediterranean coast from Valencia to Gibraltar , but these were also short-lived. These colonies consisted usually of a city quarter (or even a single square) with wooden single- or double-floor houses with workshops in the lower floor. Direct territorial expansion of Genoa began in the 13th century with the occupation of Corsica (annexed in 1284 and kept until

306-628: The Khazars . In the 10th century, as the Khazar state disintegrated, the area came under the control of the Slavic princedom of Tmutarakan . The Kipchaks , seizing the area in 1067, renamed it Azaq (i.e., lowlands), from which appellation the modern name is derived. The Golden Horde claimed most of the coast in the 13th and 14th centuries, but the Venetian and Genoese merchants were granted permission to settle on

340-649: The 13th century, Odin was supposed to have migrated from the region of the Caucasus or the area just east of the Black Sea near the turn of the 1st century CE. Heyerdahl was particularly interested in Snorri's reference to the land of origin of the Æsir people. Heyerdahl wanted to test the veracity of Snorri's claims and as a result, organized the Joint Archaeological Excavation in Azov in 2001. He had wanted to undertake

374-617: The 18th century) and northern Sardinia . Genoa remained dominant in the Tyrrhenian Sea after the decisive naval victory against Pisa in the Battle of Meloria (1284). Genoa had also started to form colonies of Ligurians in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea in second half of the 13th century. The Genoese presence was not based on military occupation, but on economic "concessions" of Genoese and Ligurian families associated with

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408-558: The Cossacks sent a request to the Tsar for re-enforcements and support. A commission recommended against this because of the danger of war with Turkey and the poor state of the fortifications. In June 1641, Hussein Deli , Pasha of Silistria, invested the fort with 70,000–80,000 men. In September, they had to withdraw because of disease and provisioning shortfalls. A second Russian commission reported that

442-628: The Crimean cities, Genoa also lost its lands in the Taman Peninsula , which had belonged to the noble Ghisolfi family. Other losses included the commercial bases of Licostomo in Moldavia and Moncastro near Odesa. The fall of the eastern colonies caused a deep economical crisis which eventually turned into an unstoppable decline for the Republic of Genoa as a major European power. It thus moved its interests in

476-660: The Flotilla, which heroically fought in Taganrog Bay and the Don Delta during the Great Patriotic War. The monument is considered to be an object of local cultural heritage. The Azov Museum of History, Archaeology and Palaeontology is one of the biggest southern museums of Russia hosting the richest palaeontological collection in the south of Russia. The museum was established on 17 May 1917 by Michail Aronovich Makarovskiy. Azov

510-642: The Genoese Republic obtained Acre (one third of the port's incomes) and Gibelet (present-day Byblos , Lebanon ), which become a familiar possession of the Embriaco family, who styled themselves as Lords of Gibelet (1100 – late 13th century). Other small colonies were formed in Tartous ( Syria ), Tripoli (Libya), and Beirut (Lebanon). However, the Muslim reconquest in the following century removed Genoese presence from

544-672: The Hun . Byzantium gave the land to the Hunugurs in the 460s; it became known as Patria Onoguria under his brother, Ernakh . Its Hun inhabitants became known as the Utigur Bulgars when it became part of the Western Turkic Kaghanate under Sandilch . Then in the 7th century Khan Kubrat , ruler of the Unogundurs established Old Great Bolgary there before his heir Batbayan surrendered it to

578-720: The Ottoman forces in 1453, when all of Constantinople was captured. Meanwhile, Chios remained a fief of the Giustiniani family until the Ottoman conquest in 1566. There were some 33,000 descendants of the Genoese colonists in Constantinople and Izmir in 1933. Genoa had also conquered the island of Tabarka off the Tunisian coast, which was held by the Lomellini family from 1540 to 1742. Part of

612-560: The Ukrainian coast, such as Salmastro or Moncastro ( Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi ), Ginestra (now part of Odesa ). During the greatest period of expansion, between the 13th and 15th century , the Republic of Genoa had many colonies and commercial/military ports in the region where is now present-day Romania . The largest Genoese colonies in the region were Calafat , Licostomo, Galați (Caladda), Constanța , Giurgiu (San Giorgio) and Vicina . These Genoese settlements served primarily to protect

646-556: The diorama was the Russian artist Arseniy Chernyshov. The Azov Fortress is a fortified complex overlooking the Don River and the Port of Azov to the north. It includes a rampart, watchtowers and gates. Monument to Peter I is a bronze monument of Peter the Great in the center of Azov. It was designed by sculptors Oleg Komov and Andrey Kovalchuk. The opening ceremony took place on 19 July 1996 and

680-510: The last third of 1st century BCE, the settlement was burned down by king Polemon I of Pontus . The introduction of Greek colonists restored its prosperity, but the Goths practically annihilated it in the 3rd century. The site of ancient Tanais, now occupied by the khutor of Nedvigovka , has been excavated since the mid-19th century. In the 5th century, the area was populated by Karadach and his Akatziroi . They were ruled by Dengizich

714-516: The latter's citizens later moved to Carloforte in Sardinia. In addition to its possessions in Crimea, the most important Genoese colonies in the Black Sea area were Taman , Copa , Bata , Maurolaca and Mapa , most of them would survive under Genoese rule until the late 15th century. The decline of the Genoese colonies in Crimea coincided with the Ottoman expansion in the late 15th century. Aside from

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748-558: The local traders and dominant classes. In the eastern Mediterranean, Genoa was greatly advanced by the Treaty of Nymphaeum (1261) with the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus , which, in exchange for the aid to the Byzantine reconquest of Constantinople, actually ousted the Venetians from the straits leading to the Black Sea. The main Genoese commercial bases were Chios and Mytilene in

782-520: The maritime trade routes that made the Republic a power in this area. In 1155, Genoa was given a fondaco (store and market quarter) at Galata ( Pera ), facing Constantinople , by emperor Manuel Komnenos , although in the following century the relationship with the Byzantine Empire were often strained. In 1201 the city also obtained privileges and quarters from the Kingdom of Armenia . Pera fell to

816-578: The noble lords of the surrounding valleys and coasts eventually signaled the birth of Genoese government. The then-born city-state was known as Compagna Communis. The local organization maintained a political and social significance for centuries. The participation of the Genoese Fleet in the Crusades (particularly the conquests of Antioch and Acre ) enriched it enormously. During the First Crusade ,

850-480: The siege had left very little of the walls. In March 1642, Sultan Ibrahim issued an ultimatum and Tsar Mikhail ordered the Cossacks to evacuate. The Turks reoccupied Azov in September 1642. In 1693, the garrison of the fortress was 3,656 of whom 2,272 were Janissaries . The fortress, however, had yet to pass through many vicissitudes. During the Azov campaigns of 1696, Peter the Great , who desired naval access to

884-556: The site of modern-day Azov and founded there a colony which they called Tana . In autumn 2000, Thor Heyerdahl wanted to further investigate his idea that Scandinavians may have migrated from the south via waterways. He sought the origin of Odin (Wotan), the Germanic and Nordic god of the mythologies of the early Norse Eddas and Sagas . According to Snorri Sturluson , the Icelandic author of an Edda and at least one Saga, who wrote in

918-544: The territory of the museum. 47°06′59″N 39°25′09″E  /  47.11642°N 39.41903°E  / 47.11642; 39.41903 Azov Azov ( Russian : Азов , IPA: [ɐˈzof] ), previously known as Azak ( Turki / Kypchak : ازاق ‎), is a town in Rostov Oblast , Russia , situated on the Don River just 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the Sea of Azov , which derives its name from

952-642: The town. Population: 81,924 ( 2021 Census ) ; 82,937 ( 2010 Census ) ; 82,090 ( 2002 Census ) ; 80,297 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The mouth of the Don River has always been an important commercial center. At the start of the 3rd century BCE, the Greeks from the Bosporan Kingdom founded a colony here, which they called Tanais (after the Greek name of the river). Several centuries later, in

986-523: The voters. The current head of administration (city-manager) Vladimir Rashchupkin holds office from December 2015. Azov's climate is humid continental ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ), featuring hot summers, cold winters (though quite mild for Russia), and fairly low precipitation. There are many monuments and museums in Azov. Built in 1799, the Powder Cellar Museum in Azov is the only remaining fortress of Catherine's time in all of what

1020-712: The western Mediterranean, establishing flourishing communities in Cadiz and Lisbon . Genoa, in particular, became an efficient banking base of Habsburg Spain ; supplying loans and organizing slave trade as holders of an Asiento . Genoese traders were active in Old Panama one of the main ports on the Pacific, at least until 1671. The Spanish governor of Panama Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera even recruited Peruvians, Panamanians, and Genoese in Panama to found Zamboanga City after its conquest from

1054-475: Was a seat of its own governorate , but with the growth of neighboring Rostov-on-the-Don it gradually declined in importance. The Germans and Austrians occupied Azov in 1917–1918, during World War I. It was occupied by the Germans between July 1942 and February 1943 during World War II. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Azov serves as the administrative center of Azovsky District , even though it

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1088-407: Was disassembled in 1797 after falling into a dilapidated state. Since 1810, Azov Fortress has gradually declined. In the 19th century, the cellar was covered with earth up to the roof. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the powder cellar was used to store ice and other goods in summer. The Powder Cellar Museum was opened in Azov in 1967. In 2014, Suvorov Monument was installed on

1122-516: Was held in conjunction by the 300-year anniversary of the Russian Navy. Monument to Aleksei Shein is a sculpture of Russian statesman, general, Boyar (from 1695), and the first Russian Generalissimo (1696) Aleksei Semenovich Shein. The monument was opened on June 12, 2009. The authors of the project were M. Lushnikov and V.P. Mokrousov. Monument to the sailors of the Azov Flotilla is dedicated to

1156-460: Was once southern Russia. Fortresses she built in Rostov, Taganrog and elsewhere have been completely destroyed, so Azov's deserves to be considered an architectural monument to the art of military engineering in the 18th century. A wooden cellar served a quarter century, but in 1797 had become dilapidated, so it was dismantled, and replaced with a cellar made of stone. In 1799, in the bastion of St. Anne,

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