Police science is the study of, and research into, police work. Studies and research in criminology , forensic science , psychiatry , psychology , jurisprudence , community policing , criminal justice , correctional administration and penology all come under this umbrella term 'police science'. It thus includes physical and social sciences.
31-479: UK has developed the Police National Computer as a sophisticated intelligence tool that holds extensive data on criminals, vehicles and property, and accessible in a matter of seconds through over 30,000 terminals across the country. PITO reports that a national fingerprint and DNA database has been developed containing over 3.4 million DNA profiles providing the police with an average of 3,000 matches
62-414: A Disclosure and Barring Service check. While of use in informing prospective employers as to the suitability of an applicant for a particular job, the information disclosed can show information which the applicant may think is of no relevance, such as a juvenile conviction for shoplifting where the applicant is now a thirty-year-old individual and applying for a job in a bank. Concerns have been expressed that
93-602: A UK Home Office press release provides information on the extent of the loss and the work to restore the data. In 2002 IMPACT delivered a tactical, complementary service to the PNC, called the Impact Nominal Index (INI). Delivery of the PND (Police National Database) was the first recommendation of the Bichard report . Contractor Logica was awarded a contract of £75M to build and deliver
124-546: A day, giving access to information of national and local matters. As of 18 January 2021, Kit Malthouse said that there are 13 million person records, 58.5 million driver records, and 62.6 million vehicle records stored on the PNC. The PNC is currently directly managed by the Home Office. Between 2007 and 2012, it was maintained by the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) which inherited
155-466: A five-day course to view data and conduct simple queries. Further courses are available to expand the user's access level to update and conduct more in-depth queries. Penalties for misuse of the PNC and unlawful access of data are severe; it will likely lead to dismissal and sometimes a court appearance for breaching the Data Protection Act 1998 . A number of criminal justice partners are linked to
186-424: A list of their addresses for the previous 10 years and an upload of an ID document, but this can also be presented offline. The results can be sent either by post or via email. This data is separate to any data a local force may hold on an individual e.g. statements, summons files, traffic fixed penalties, etc. This information can be requested through the relevant local force through a Subject Access Request under
217-478: A month. In 2004-5 there were over 40,000 matches. The police use a wide range of technologies to curb road traffic offences like speeding and drunk driving including breathalyser devices, bus lane enforcement cameras, immobilisation devices, light signals devices and speed measuring devices. A department of Criminology and Police Science (CPS) has launched in 2003 at Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University . This law enforcement –related article
248-578: Is Gavin Stephens. Michelle Skeer and Rachel Swann (chief constables of Cumbria Constabulary and Derbyshire Constabulary , respectively) support him as vice-chairs in addition to serving as chief officers within their forces. The Chief Constables' Council is the senior operational decision-making body for the National Police Chiefs' Council. Every police force is represented in the work of the NPCC through
279-516: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Police National Computer The Police National Computer ( PNC ) is a database used by law enforcement organisations across the United Kingdom and other non-law enforcement agencies. Originally developed in the early 1970s, PNC1 went 'live' in 1974, providing UK police forces with online access to the lost/stolen vehicle database. The vehicle owners application quickly followed, giving
310-460: Is connected to the end user by a multitude of ways, for high volume users (i.e. other police forces) via secure IP network, for low volume users a secure dial-up link provided by Cable & Wireless . Another connection method is via an X.25 packet-switched network ; this method is being phased out. Databases for vehicles and driver licences are copied from the DVLA databases in the early morning (there
341-581: Is hosted by the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) but acts independently. The NPCC brings together and is funded by police forces in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as well as the armed services and some British overseas territories. Since 2019/20, following a letter of agreement with NPCC, the Police Service of Scotland contributes to the funding of the NPCC and has the same involvement in
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#1732855697864372-656: Is no service loss when an update is in progress). The mainframe server is located at the Hendon Data Centre with back-up servers located around the UK. In 2005 the only back-up server was located next to Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal in Buncefield, which was the scene of a major civil emergency when it burned to the ground in December 2005. According to the Home Office the location had been assessed as low-risk notwithstanding that
403-528: Is operated by the Canadian company CGI Group , on behalf of the Home Office. CGI bought out the original PND operators Logica in 2012. The Police National Database aims to: As of the 26/07/2016, the Police National Database reportedly stored 20 million images. In 2016 it was announced that the PNC would be decommissioned at the same time as the PND contract expired in 2019 and under the guise of
434-466: The Charity Commission . In order to ensure that only relevant data is visible to each agency, user-based access controls will limit the segments of records which an agency can access to the very minimum they require to achieve their aims. Any person now has the right to view their PNC record, if any, online or via post, for free at www.acro.police.uk . This is done online where the user presents
465-467: The Data Protection Act 2018 . National Police Chiefs%27 Council The National Police Chiefs' Council ( NPCC ) is a national coordination body for law enforcement in the United Kingdom and the representative body for senior police officers in the United Kingdom. Established on 1 April 2015, it replaced the former Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), following the Parker Review of
496-540: The Schengen Information System (SIS) which shares certain information Europe-wide. This is no longer the case since the UK left the European Union in 2020. The Police National Computer is one of the main sources of information accessed when a Disclosure and Barring Service check is made. The Police National Computer holds indefinite records of a person's convictions and cautions which will be revealed in
527-578: The Chief Constables' Council. The Chief Constables’ Council is the primary decision-making forum for the NPCC. Chief constables (and equivalents) meet quarterly to discuss operational policing issues and agree action. Working with the College of Policing, the council takes decisions on national standards and common approaches with the aim of protecting the public from the most serious and strategic threats. In addition to their day jobs, chief officers support
558-565: The NPCC on 2 December 2014. ACPO was closed down on 31 March 2015. In October 2018, the NPCC threatened to take legal action in the High Court against government's plans to cut hundreds of millions of pounds from police funding. The Treasury planned to increase the money each force pays to the police pension scheme. This would involve forces paying a £420 million bill, as well as the 19% cut to police funding since 2010. Police chiefs maintain reductions have make it hard for forces to protect
589-548: The NPCC's work by providing national operational perspectives on particular crime and policing issues. There are eleven broad coordination committees, each led by a chief officer. Within each area, chief officers may also lead on specific issues - for example, under the Crime Operations Coordination Committee there are individual leads for domestic abuse, rape, drugs and cyber-crime. The coordination committees cover: Coordination committees work closely with
620-595: The National Law Enforcement Data Programme, a replacement would combine both systems; for the first time merging intelligence and conviction history against one nominal record. The National Law Enforcement Data Service would provide a less police-centric platform servicing all public enforcement agencies ranging from the Border Force , HM Revenue and Customs , the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency and
651-466: The PNC, giving them access to the information held on the computer. About 5,000 checks are made each week through the ‘Jurors’ link, which allows Crown Courts to check whether a proposed juror has a criminal record. Previously, the Courts Service struggled to meet its target of randomly checking 20 per cent of potential jury members. With the growth of trans-national criminality, the PNC was linked to
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#1732855697864682-524: The PND in 2007, but this was not commenced until May 2010 when the first forces began to load their data on to the new system. In November 2010, Northumbria Police became the first force to connect to the PND and to begin to use the new system. From June 2011 all Home Office forces were connected and using the PND. PND is not a replacement for PNC; as of 2023 it holds 2 billion searchable records, and captures data from 220 different systems from 53 contributing police forces and law enforcement agencies. It
713-665: The activities of the now disbanded Police Information Technology Organisation (PITO). Since its inception in 1974, the PNC has undergone numerous changes that were gradually introduced. The most notable was the introduction of the Phoenix (Police and Home Office Enhanced Names Index) in 1995. This format has been retained to the present day. The PNC is based on a Fujitsu BS2000/OSD SE700 mainframe with recent PNC applications held on UNIX servers. There are around 26,000 directly connected terminals and 25,000 terminals which are connected via local police force computer systems. The mainframe
744-406: The following organisations as non-police and has agreed that authorised users within these organisations can have Names file only access commensurate with their previously stated and agreed business needs. Non-police organisations with access to PNC : PNC contains several separate databases; these include: PNC operators undergo initial training to operate the system which usually consists of
775-483: The governance and arrangements of the NPCC as any other member. It draws on the efforts and expertise of chief officers: those ranked assistant chief constable and above, or commander and above in MPS and City of London Police , and senior police staff equivalents. It coordinates police forces' collective operational responses to national threats such as terrorism, organised crime and national emergencies. The current NPCC chair
806-495: The indefinite retention of old convictions and cautions is unwarranted. Because of changes to legislation on 29 May 2013 DBS removed certain specified old and minor offences from criminal record certificates issued from this date. The filtering rules and the list of offences that will never be filtered are available on the DBS website. A major data loss was discovered in January 2021, and
837-715: The operations of ACPO. The NPCC was established on 1 April 2015 as the replacement organisation of the Association of Chief Police Officers . In 2010, the Cameron Government announced a series of police reforms including local accountability through police and crime commissioners (PCC), and the creation of the National Crime Agency and the College of Policing . In 2013, the PCCs commissioned General Sir Nick Parker to review
868-511: The police online access to the names/addresses of every vehicle owner in the UK. The Police National Computer started holding nominal information based on the computerisation of criminal records held by the Metropolitan Police and other police forces in the late 1970s. These CRO records could be accessed online in real-time by all UK police forces via the "Names" applications. The PNC now consists of several databases available 24 hours
899-456: The public. Leaders of three of the biggest forces fear officer levels will drop to those of the 1970s. The NPCC fears if the £420 million bill is dealt with only by cutting police numbers, this will mean 10,000 fewer officers. The NPCC is founded by a legal agreement between chief constables , PCCs, and non-Home Office police force equivalents under Section 22A of the Police Act 1996 . It
930-460: The services that ACPO provided and make recommendations about the requirements of a national policing body following the fundamental changes in policing. In 2014, a group of chief officers and PCCs began working together to implement Parker's recommendations and develop a national body. Chief officers voted in support of the group's proposals in July 2014. Chief Constable Sara Thornton was appointed to chair
961-749: The site was 100 yards (91 m) from a disaster hazard and the site and its surroundings burned to the ground. Requests for access to PNC are decided upon by the PNC Information Access Panel (PIAP). The members of the panel are the National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC), the Association of Police Authorities, and the Home Office . Delegated or subcontracted users exist. Organisations with full access : Other organisations have restricted access to names file only . PIAP has defined