In the United States , Canada , Australia , and elsewhere, a pioneer cemetery is a cemetery that is the burial place for pioneers. American pioneers founded such cemeteries during territorial expansion of the United States , with founding dates spanning, at least, from the late 18th to early 20th centuries.
26-493: A number of these have been officially designated as historic sites worthy of preservation, including at least 10 listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The State of Iowa defines "pioneer cemetery" as "a cemetery where twelve or fewer burials have taken place in the past 50 years". The State of Nebraska defines an "abandoned or neglected pioneer cemetery" as having been founded or situated upon land that "was given, granted, donated, sold, or deeded to
52-459: A Site of Cultural Interest since 1997. Salvador Dalí's house was built on the site of an old fishermen's hut in Portlligat. In 1929, Dalí bought the first hut from Lidia Nogués de Costa and shortly afterwards acquired the second hut. The first works to adapt it as a residence were carried out by the bricklayer Joaquim Ferrer. In 1935, a new floor was built for the two huts, which were covered with
78-568: A labyrinthine structure which from one point of departure, the Bear Hall, spreads out and winds around in a succession of zones linked by narrow corridors, slight changes of level, and blind passageways. All the rooms have windows of different shapes and proportions framing the same landscape that is a constant point of reference in Dalí's work: the Portlligat bay. The aesthetics of the house are dominated by
104-782: A great influence on local, national or international history and folklore. These houses are usually preserved in their original state (when the people in question still lived in them), preserving their furniture, belongings, decorative elements and work tools. Some examples are the Salvador Dalí House Museum in Portlligat, Spain , the Freud museum houses in various European cities, or the Ben-Yehuda House in Jerusalem, Israel . According to Joaquin Saúl García, Professor of Geography at
130-557: A map with a description of the place for visitor orientation. A World Heritage Site is a historic site with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). As of June 2023, a total of 1,157 World Heritage Sites (900 cultural, 218 natural, and 39 mixed properties) exist across 167 countries . World Heritage Sites often attract large amounts of visitors. The most visited sites are
156-459: A single tiled roof and a single window per unit, with views of the bay. In 1942, Gala and Dalí bought the hut located at the top end and which was used as a library, with furniture specially designed and built by the Cadaqués carpenter Joan Vehí. In 1954, they acquired the last hut to the northwest, which looks onto the riverbank from the cemetery. Later, in 1962, one of Gala's private rooms was built on
182-612: A small summer dining room. The decorative elements of this area are two enormous cup-shaped planters and a reproduction of Ilisos , by Ancient Greek sculptor Phidias , created for the Parthenon , in Athens . The back of the courtyard houses the swimming pool, built in 1967. It is possibly the most striking area of the house due to its abundant and surreal decoration, which includes a lip sofa, reproductions of Bibendum , swan-shaped fountains and Pirelli tyre posters. Other elements that complete
208-501: Is an house museum in Portlligat , Cadaqués , Catalonia , Spain , where Spanish painter Salvador Dalí lived and worked, from 1930 to 1982. After the death of his wife, Gala Dalí , in 1982, he took up residence at Púbol Castle . The artist's former house started to be adapted to become a museum since 1994 and was officially inaugurated, in 1997. It is owned and managed by the Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation . It has been
234-542: Is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older. The conservation of historical heritage depends on the legislation of local governing bodies. In some, a national authority is responsible for the management of all classified sites, while in others regional entities are in charge. According to civil law expert Estefanía Hernández Torres, whose doctoral thesis deals with historical heritage and property registration, "the protection of historical heritage
260-473: Is one of the main concerns of civilized societies. The assets that make up the cultural legacy are deserving of protection as they constitute a way of accessing culture". However, according to Hernández, protection can be complicated, especially in the case of property purchase or transfer since its protected status is sometimes unknown to its new owners. The registries prepared by the different governments and international organizations (such as UNESCO or
286-405: Is the 50th anniversary of Oregon's statehood . California recognizes that pioneer cemeteries may have become the responsibility of a public cemetery district or may be dedicated by the city or county as a pioneer memorial park if no longer maintained. The law also authorizes the "removal of such copings, improvements, and embellishments which the governing board finds to be a threat or danger to
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#1732852304993312-476: The European Union ) are usually developed within the framework of very detailed legislation, which contemplates the relations between public authorities, conservation entities (institutional or private), the owners of the properties (in the cases of private property) and citizen collaboration. Beyond the historical and factual data, there are also observations on the historical, cultural or artistic significance of
338-720: The Forbidden City , China , with 14 million annual visitors, Gulangyu , China, with 12.4 million annual visitors, and the Great Smoky Mountains , United States , with 11 million annual visitors. In the United States , the National Register of Historic Places keeps track of over 90,000 sites of significance. Roughly three percent, or about 2,600, are formally recognized as National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) , with New York , Massachusetts , and Pennsylvania featuring
364-526: The University of Castilla-La Mancha in Spain , "in recent years, cultural heritage has become the foundation of a tourist trend — cultural tourism — that, despite its long history documented in the well-known travel books from the 18th and 19th centuries, it wasn't until the end of the 20th century that it appeared as a way of traveling where the objective is knowledge of culture and diversity ...". García affirms that
390-545: The Interior , before being officially registered. About 179 countries have a system of registering historic sites, whether for notation, preservation, or both. In addition, some regions such as Europe and the Caribbean have historic registries spanning multiple countries. Salvador Dal%C3%AD House Museum The Salvador Dalí House Museum ( Catalan : Casa-Museu Salvador Dalí ; Spanish : Casa-Museo Salvador Dalí )
416-399: The bear there is a stuffed owl. These beasts demonstrate the artist's fondness for taxidermy. "Here, in this house, everything is stuffed," explained Dalí. One of the most important rooms is the studio, where the artist spent long hours as he dedicated himself to his work with extreme seriousness. The quiet and well-lit room still contains easels, brushes, solvents and other gadgets. Next to
442-687: The corresponding conservation entity. In other cases, when it comes to private property in the possession of an individual prior to its classification, the conservation and rehabilitation tasks, or at least their financing, fall to public authorities and conservation entities. In almost all cases, reform and renovation works on the property (both internal and external) that are not part of the rehabilitation and recovery of historical elements are strictly prohibited. Historical heritage has important social significance and function. House museums are common, being former homes of famous people (artists, pioneers, soldiers, politicians, businessmen, etc.) who have exerted
468-437: The founders of the cemetery prior to January 1, 1900", and that "contains the grave or graves of a person or persons who were homesteaders , immigrants from a foreign nation, prairie farmers, pioneers, sodbusters , first generation Nebraskans, or Civil War veterans". The State of Oregon defines a "pioneer cemetery" as "any burial place that contains the remains of one or more persons who died before February 14, 1909", which
494-509: The health, safety, comfort, or welfare of the public." Dates are of official founding or earliest known burial. Historic site A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that
520-590: The most NHLs. The U.S. National Park Service runs historic site preservation under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 . Each state government has a State Historic Preservation Office to oversee NHL upkeep and review applications for new ones. In addition, all sites must first be approved by the National Park Service and its special advisory board, as well as the Secretary of
546-415: The new floor. After Gala's death in 1982, Dalí never returned to Portlligat. In 1989, the artist died and the house was left awaiting an initiative to adapt it to be a small museum complex, a work that began in 1994 under the direction of the architects Oriol Clos i Costa and José Ramos Illán. The new museum was finally inaugurated in 1997. The house, adapted from a number of small fisherman's huts, has
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#1732852304993572-402: The relationship between heritage and tourism is currently very close, which contributes a great extent to the conservation of historical sites through revenue and in sustainable development. Historic sites and heritage sites are often maintained for members of the public to be able to visit, with some offering tours or running visitors' centers. Historic buildings and spaces also often include
598-404: The site, in addition to the cost for its use and preservation. Many historical sites can still be used by their owners (ex: homes, hotels, museums), even with the conditions from the site's overseeing body. Many times, these conditions are part of the purchase or rental contract, and their fulfillment is essential to be able to keep the property. One such condition may be periodic control visits by
624-446: The variegation of different elements, the most extreme surrealism and a kitsch atmosphere. The house is divided into three areas, where the most intimate part of the Dalí family's life took place, the workshop, and the outdoor spaces. The first of the rooms, the Bear Hall, is guarded by a bear, a gift from Edward James to the couple. The beast holds a lamp, but also serves as an umbrella stand, letter holder and musket player. Behind
650-619: The workshop is the Model Room, with its tools and optical equipment. The most notable feature of this room is a small plaster bust of the Emperor Nero . This work served as inspiration for the painting Dematerialization of Nero's Nose (1947), created at a time wen Dalí was interested in nuclear fusion. Like Salvador Dalí, his wife also had a private space in the home, called the Oval Room, where she read and received distinguished visitors. The room
676-474: Was built in 1961, is spherical and has reverberant acoustics. To access the Oval Room, the visitor must first cross Gala's boudoir and the Photograph Room, a dressing room with cupboards full of photos and magazine clippings, where the couple appears in the company of all kinds of people, demonstrating their great public activity. The courtyard stands out on the outside, accessed through a labyrinth that hides
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