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73-691: Peterborough ( / ˈ p iː t ər b ʌr oʊ / PEE -tər-burr-oh ) is a city on the Otonabee River in Ontario , Canada, about 125 kilometres (78 miles) northeast of Toronto . According to the 2021 Census, the population of the City of Peterborough was 83,651. The population of the Peterborough Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), which includes the surrounding Townships of Selwyn , Cavan Monaghan , Otonabee-South Monaghan , and Douro-Dummer ,

146-629: A founding member of the Royal Society of Canada and founder of the Canadian Institute (a science organization in Toronto ). In 1827, Fleming was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife , Scotland to Andrew and Elizabeth Fleming. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed as a surveyor and in 1845, at the age of 18, he immigrated with his older brother David to colonial Canada . Their route took them through many cities of

219-416: A glacial spillway created when glacial meltwaters from ancient Lake Algonquin (now Lake Huron ) travelled south to ancient Lake Iroquois (now Lake Ontario ). This area of relatively low and flat relief (approximately 191–200 m (627–656 ft) above sea level) is prone to flooding, exemplified in the major flood that occurred on July 15, 2004. The ground elevation rises to the west, north, and east where

292-461: A growing portion of service industries will become export-oriented". In 2018, mayor Daryl Bennett said there has been a shift toward employment in smaller manufacturing plants and service industries, leading to a moderate level of unemployment, and that the shift away from manufacturing had started before the NAFTA free trade agreements. In 2018, the city had plans for a $ 24-million Canadian Canoe Museum,

365-545: A large upland area (the Peterborough Drumlin field) defines the landscape. Much of the land in the north and west ends of the city rises to 230–274 m (755–899 ft) above sea level, with Tower Hill, at 286 m (938 ft) above sea level, being the highest point. Armour Hill, another prominent drumlin located in east city, forms the physical obstacle that the Trent-Severn Waterway ascends by way of

438-486: A local issue outside its purview. Fleming authored the pamphlet "Time-Reckoning for the 20th Century", published by the Smithsonian Institution in its annual report for 1886. By 1929, all major countries in the world had accepted time zones. In the present day, UTC offsets divide the world into zones, and military time zones assign letters to the 24 hourly zones, similarly to Fleming's system. Fleming

511-656: A more general scientific society. In 1851 he designed the Threepenny Beaver , the first Canadian postage stamp, for the Province of Canada (today's southern portions of Ontario and Quebec). Throughout this time he was fully employed as a surveyor , mostly for the Grand Trunk Railway . His work for them eventually gained him the position as Chief Engineer of the Northern Railway of Canada in 1855, where he advocated

584-650: A municipal cenotaph, the Peterborough Memorial (1929), Valour Defeating Barbarism. The Trent–Severn Waterway passes through Peterborough and includes the Peterborough Lift Lock , the world's largest hydraulic lift lock , which opened in 1904. It was for many years the world's highest hydraulic lift lock with a rise of 20 m (65 ft). Del Crary Park is a large urban greenspace on Little Lake, located in close proximity to downtown Peterborough. Free outdoor events and concerts are held here during

657-646: A new casino, a new library, the VentureNorth building in downtown, and development of lands at Trent University. Peterborough is a shopping destination for the region, with three shopping centres: Peterborough Square, Portage Place, and Lansdowne Place . Walmart, Costco, Sobey's and Real Canadian Superstore have large operations in Peterborough, drawing customers from the surrounding area. Sears, in Landsdowne Place, closed in 2018 due to bankruptcy. Peterborough and

730-562: A nineteenth century writer, wrote that all 2,024 passengers boarded nine ships in June 1825, with everything they owned, from Cork across the Atlantic Ocean to Quebec City. The journey took 30 days to cross the Atlantic and on board the ship they were provided with bunks and food rations. Hard tack or ship biscuits were one of the many foods that were made to provide energy for the passengers. Hard tack

803-602: A personal blow. In 1880 he served as the vice president of the Ottawa Horticultural Society . In 1888, he became the first president of the Rideau Curling Club , after leaving the Ottawa Curling Club in protest of its temperance policy. In early 1890s he turned his attention to electoral reform and the need for proportional representation . He authored two books on the subject "An Appeal to

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876-605: Is 5b. Peterborough's climate can be quite unpredictable and vary greatly from one part of the city to another due to the effects of the Oak Ridges Moraine and changes in elevation. In the south end and areas south of the city, the Moraine acts as a barrier for weather patterns moving off Lake Ontario, reducing precipitation. In the north and west ends of Peterborough the effects of the Moraine are not as prominent, at times creating slightly cooler temperatures and more precipitation than

949-475: Is a national heritage centre that explores the canoe 's enduring significance to the peoples of North America. Jackson Park contains old-growth forest with trees up to 250 years old. The 4.5 ha old-growth forest can be visited from the parking area at the north end of Monaghan Rd. The Riverview Park & Zoo is a 22.5 ha (55.5-acre) zoo operated by the Peterborough Utilities Group at

1022-554: Is considered a local and tourist attraction. Peterborough offers a sightseeing option called Liftlock and River Boat Cruise. This cruise boat takes passengers through the Peterborough Liftlock while broadcasting various facts about the city's sights and history. The cruise operates daily from mid-May to mid-October every year. Showplace Performance Centre is a 647-seat performance facility located downtown that opened in 1996. The Canadian Canoe Museum , located on Monaghan Road,

1095-611: Is the largest employer, with about 2,500 employees and 500 volunteers in 2023. School boards, local government, Trent University and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources are other large employers. General Electric operated in Peterborough from 1892 to 2018, and employed about 6,000 people at its peak. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of the early 1990s led to shifts in trading patterns for many Canadian companies. Other innovations like just-in-time delivery and pressure to produce ever cheaper goods impacted some of

1168-406: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Peterborough had a population of 83,651 living in 35,977 of its 38,006 total private dwellings, a change of 3.2% from its 2016 population of 81,032 . With a land area of 64.76 km (25.00 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,291.7/km (3,345.5/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in

1241-528: The 24-hour clock as key elements to communicating the accurate time, all of which influenced the creation of Coordinated Universal Time . He designed Canada's first postage stamp , produced a great deal of work in the fields of land surveying and map making , engineered much of the Intercolonial Railway and the first several hundred kilometers of the Canadian Pacific Railway , and was

1314-466: The American Civil War . In 1867 he was appointed engineer-in-chief of the Intercolonial Railway which became a federal project and he continued in this post until 1876. His insistence on building the bridges of iron and stone instead of wood was controversial at the time, but was soon vindicated by their resistance to fire. Between 1870 and 1875 Fleming supervised the building of several parts of

1387-527: The Peterborough Lift Lock . The Oak Ridges Moraine is located approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the city. Peterborough has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with four distinct seasons. It lies in a transitional zone between areas to the south, which have a milder winter climate, and areas to the north (within the Canadian Shield), where the winters are snowier and sharply colder. Peterborough's Hardiness zone

1460-783: The Peterborough Regional Health Centre opened. Peterborough is situated in Central Ontario within the Kawartha Lakes region. Peterborough lies in the St. Lawrence Lowlands ecoregion , just south of the Canadian Shield and approximately 35 km (22 mi) north of Lake Ontario. The city is sited on a series of rapids in the Otonabee River , approximately halfway between the river's source ( Katchewanooka Lake ) and its mouth ( Rice Lake ). The city completely surrounds

1533-787: The Trent River to Lake Ontario . The total length of the river is 55 kilometres (34 mi), and the distance from Little Lake to Rice Lake about 30 kilometres (19 mi). The drainage basin , not including Katchewanooka Lake or other lakes further upstream, is 806 square kilometres (311 sq mi). Some areas of Peterborough along the Otonabee are prone to flooding following heavy rains, such as happened on July 15, 2004 when 240 mm (7.3 in) fell in some locations in under twenty-four hours. Both Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill lived on farms near Katchewanooka Lake. Trent University operates its own hydroelectric plant on

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1606-703: The 1970s, the Government of Ontario helped sponsor the building of Peterborough Square with the aid of the Ontario Downtown Renewal Programme (ODRP). The mall was anchored by an Eaton's store until the collapse of the Eaton's chain of stores in the late 1990s; it now houses offices, stores and a food court. The provincial government relocated the central office of the Ministry of Natural Resources to 300 Water Street, kitty-corner from Peterborough Square. In 2008,

1679-619: The 2021 census, the Peterborough CMA had a population of 128,624 living in 53,370 of its 57,761 total private dwellings, a change of 5.7% from its 2016 population of 121,721 . With a land area of 1,508.44 km (582.41 sq mi), it had a population density of 85.3/km (220.8/sq mi) in 2021. 50.9% of Peterborough residents were Christian , down from 67.3% in 2011. 20.6% were Catholic , 19.2% were Protestant , and 6.4% were Christian n.o.s. All other Christian denominations and Christian-related traditions accounted for 4.7% of

1752-474: The 5.9 million litres (1.30 × 10 ^  imp gal) average. The city recorded 12,500 t (12,300 long tons; 13,800 short tons) of debris added to landfills due to the amount of damage caused by excessive rain and wind. In May 2022, the City of Peterborough was involved in the May 2022 Canadian derecho . This left citizens without power for several days and an estimated cost of cleanup of $ 3.3 million. In

1825-598: The Canadian Institute on the Rectification of Parliament" (1892) and "Essays on the Rectification of Parliament" (1893), which included an essay by Australian reformer Catherine Helen Spence . He became a strong advocate of a telecommunications cable from Canada to Australia, which he believed would become a vital communications link of the British Empire. The Pacific Cable was successfully laid in 1902. He authored

1898-631: The Canadian colonies: Quebec City , Montreal , and Kingston , before settling in Peterborough with their cousins two years later in 1847. He qualified as a surveyor in Canada in 1849. In 1849 he created the Royal Canadian Institute with several friends, which was formally incorporated on November 4, 1851. Although initially intended as a professional institute for surveyors and engineers it became

1971-776: The Geographical Congress at Venice in 1881, a meeting of the Geodetic Association at Rome in 1883, and the International Meridian Conference of 1884. The International Meridian Conference accepted the Greenwich Meridian and a universal day of 24 hours beginning at Greenwich midnight. However, the conference's resolution specified that the universal day "shall not interfere with the use of local or standard time where desirable". The conference also refused to accept his zones, stating that they were

2044-590: The Greenwich meridian, which was designated G. All clocks within each zone would be set to the same time as the others, and between zones the alphabetic labels could be used as common notation. So for example cosmopolitan time G:45 would map to local time 14:45 in one zone and 15:45 in the next. In two papers "Time reckoning" and "Longitude and Time Reckoning" presented at a meeting of the Canadian Institute in Toronto on February 8, 1879, Fleming revised his system to link with

2117-813: The Halls, and was attracted to Ann Jane (Jeanie) Hall. However, it was not until a sleigh accident almost ten years later that the young people's love for each other was revealed. A year after this incident, in January 1855, Sandford married Ann Jane (Jean) Hall, daughter of Sheriff James Hall. They were to have nine children of whom two died young. The oldest son, Frank Andrew, accompanied Fleming in his great Western expedition of 1872. A family man, deeply attached to his wife and children, he also welcomed his father Andrew Greig Fleming, Andrew's wife and six of their other children who came to join him in Canada two years after his arrival. The Fleming and Hall families saw each other often. After

2190-521: The Intercolonial railway being built by Brown, Brooks & Ryan, a Toronto firm established by railway magnate Hugh Ryan . These sections were particularly costly due to the difficult terrain and included two bridges over the Miramichi River and six miles of approaches. By 1871, the strategy of a railway connection was being used to bring British Columbia into federation and Fleming was offered

2263-754: The International Fixed Almanak Reform League which, in 1922, became the International Fixed Calendar League . He supported the campaign until his death. Cotsworth later wrote The Greatest Canadian as a tribute to Fleming. When the railway privatization instituted by Tupper in 1880 forced him out of a job with government, he retired from the world of surveying, and took the position of Chancellor of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario . He held this position for his last 35 years, where his former Minister George Monro Grant

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2336-515: The Irish emigrants were chosen from Fermoy, North Cork. Robinson was urged by landlords to remove the "pauper and undesirables". He resisted and stated that he had "no wish" to hold out a bounty to persons of bad character. But as Robinson travelled through the countryside they became flesh and blood 'people of a good sort' he called them, 'bred to farming. I found them much more intelligent than I expected. Most of them could read and write'". Thomas Poole,

2409-497: The Kawarthas offer several attractions. The region is host to an array of museums, cultural exhibitions, indoor and outdoor galleries and theatres, Aboriginal heritage attractions and historical sites, as well as an arts community. While many buildings in Peterborough that would have served as examples of the city's heritage and architectural style have been lost over the years due to renovations and modernization, some examples such as

2482-690: The YMCA building do still stand today as designated architectural landmarks. The Peterborough Museum & Archives is home to a diverse collection of artifacts. It was established in 1897 and moved to its present site on Armour Hill in 1967. The Archives collection includes items from Catharine Parr Traill , the original Peter Robinson papers, the Park Studio Fonds and the Balsillie collection of Roy Studio Images, over 300,000 film and glass plate negatives dating back to 1896. Walter Seymour Allward designed

2555-671: The adoption of the present time meridians". After missing a train while travelling in Ireland because a printed schedule listed p.m. instead of a.m., in 1876 he wrote a memoir "Terrestrial Time" where he proposed a single 24-hour clock for the entire world, conceptually located at the centre of the Earth and not linked to any surface meridian. He later called this time "Cosmopolitan time" and later still "Cosmic Time". He proposed 24 time zones , each an hour wide or 15 degrees of longitude. The zones were labelled A-Y, excluding J, and arbitrarily linked to

2628-562: The anti-meridian of Greenwich (the 180th meridian ). He suggested that a prime meridian be chosen and analyzed shipping numbers to suggest Greenwich as the meridian. Fleming's two papers were considered so important that in June 1879 the British Government forwarded copies to eighteen foreign countries and to various scientific bodies in England. Fleming went on to advocate his system at several major international conferences including

2701-476: The area as Scott's Plains. The mill was located at the foot of present-day King Street and was powered by water from Jackson Creek. This location, adjacent to the Ontario government Ministry of Natural Resources building, and Peterborough's Millennium Park may have been the site of landfall for a portage which connects in a direct line with Bridgenorth. The site has an Ojibway name "Nogojiwanong" which means "the place at

2774-399: The area, coming down from Lake Chemong and portaging down a trail, which is approximated by present-day Chemong Road, to the Otonabee River and stayed for a brief time near the present-day site of Bridgenorth , just north of Peterborough. In 1818, Adam Scott settled on the west shore of the Otonabee River . The following year he began construction of a sawmill and gristmill, establishing

2847-527: The area. The city is the seat of Peterborough County . Peterborough's nickname in the distant past was "The Electric City" as it was the first town in Canada to use electric streetlights. It also underscores the historical and present-day importance of technology and manufacturing as an economic base of the city, which has operations from large multi-national companies such as Siemens , Rolls-Royce Limited , General Electric , and more local businesses such as Merit Precision Ltd., Dynacast and Bryston. Electricity

2920-491: The book "Canada and British Imperial Cables" in 1900. His accomplishments were well known worldwide, and in 1897 he was knighted by Queen Victoria . He was a freemason , having joined St Andrew's Lodge No 1 [Now No 16] in York [now Toronto]. In 1883, while surveying the route of the Canadian Pacific Railway with George Monro Grant , he met Major A. B. Rogers near the summit of Rogers Pass (British Columbia) and co-founded

2993-496: The bubbling and boiling water of the rapids along the river". The river begins at Katchewanooka Lake on the north side of the community of Lakefield in the municipality of Selwyn , and flows south over the Lakefield (Trent-Severn lock 6) dams and locks. After leaving the community to the Peterborough city limits, the river forms the border between Selwyn and the municipality of Douro–Dummer . The river continues south, passing through

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3066-583: The chief engineer post on the Canadian Pacific Survey . Although he hesitated because of the amount of work he had, in 1872 he set off with a small party to survey the route, particularly through the Rocky Mountains , finding a practicable route through the Yellowhead Pass . One of his companions, George Monro Grant wrote an account of the trip, which became a best-seller. In June 1880, Fleming

3139-456: The city of Peterborough, as close as 150 metres (490 ft) to downtown, as it reaches Little Lake . The Trent-Severn waterway rejoins the river there, exiting from Ashburnham Lock. The river leaves Little Lake at Scotts Mills lock & dam, and heads south, passes under Ontario Highway 7 , passes into the municipality of Otonabee–South Monaghan , and snakes its way without any other locks or dams to reach its mouth at Rice Lake, which flows via

3212-639: The city to live with Dr. John Hutchison and his family, staying until 1847. Dr. Hutchison was one of Peterborough's first resident doctors. By 1846, the community was flourishing, with a population of about 2000. A stone jail and court house had been built and there were seven churches and various government offices. There was a fire company, two newspapers and a post office that received mail daily. Industry included two grist mills, two saw mills, one brewery, one ashery, two distilleries, three foundries, three tanneries and tradesmen of various types worked here. One school and one bank agency were operating. Peterborough

3285-461: The construction of iron bridges instead of wood for safety reasons. Fleming served in the 10th Battalion Volunteer Rifles of Canada (later known as the Royal Regiment of Canada ) and was appointed to the rank of captain on January 1, 1862. He retired from the militia in 1865. As soon as he arrived in Peterborough, Ontario in 1845, Fleming became friendly with the family of his future wife,

3358-675: The corner of Oxford Street and South Street overlooking the Northwest Arm as well as a summer estate across the Arm called "The Dingle" which included the Sandford Fleming Cottage, a small rustic residence he built in 1886. He later deeded the 95 acres (38 hectares) of "the Dingle" to the city, now known as Sir Sandford Fleming Park (Dingle Park). Fleming died at his Dingle summer Cottage while being cared for by his daughter on July 22, 1915. He

3431-460: The dams associated with four more locks, enters the city of Peterborough, and passes under Faryon Bridge at Trent University . Just south of the university, the Trent-Severn departs via a south-bound canal to the Peterborough Lift Lock east of the river, while the river continues south to the west. It passes over several hydroelectricity dams and generating stations, and passes into the centre of

3504-462: The death of his wife Jeanie in 1888, Fleming's niece Miss Elsie Smith, daughter of Alexander and Lily Smith, of Kingussie , Scotland, presided over his household at "Winterholme" 213 Chapel Street, Ottawa, Ontario . His time at the Northern Railway was marked by conflict with the architect Frederick William Cumberland , with whom he started the Canadian Institute and who was general manager of

3577-476: The emigration plan of 1825. Scott's Plains was renamed Peterborough in his honour. Robinson interviewed families and individual males to make the long voyage. These families had to meet specific criteria in order to be eligible for the voyage. The specifics required for Robinson's settlers were that they had to be Catholic, poor and with a knowledge of farming. Males had to be less than forty-five years of age, in good health, and families were unrelated. The majority of

3650-537: The end of the rapids". The year 1825 marked the arrival of Irish immigrants from the City of Cork to Scott's Plains. In 1822, the British Parliament had approved an experimental emigration plan to transport poor Irish Catholic families to Upper Canada . Peter Robinson , a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada and a prominent businessman from York, Upper Canada was the man who took on

3723-476: The first "Alpine Club of Canada". That early alpine club was short-lived, but in 1906 the modern Alpine Club of Canada was founded in Winnipeg, and the by then Sir Sandford Fleming became the club's first Patron and Honorary President. In his later years he split his time between Ottawa at his house named "Winterholme" and Halifax where he owned a mansion known as "Blenheim Cottage", but often called "The Lodge" at

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3796-442: The first places in the country to begin generating hydro-electrical power (even before the plants at Niagara Falls ). Companies like Edison General Electric Company (later Canadian General Electric) and America Cereal Company (later to become Quaker Oats , and in 2001 PepsiCo, Inc.), opened to take advantage of this new cheap resource. The first major events of the 20th century in Peterborough occurred in 1904. The first occurrence

3869-666: The founding owners of the Nova Scotia Cotton Manufacturing Company in Halifax . He was a member of the North British Society . He also helped found the Western Canada Cement and Coal Company, which spawned the company town of Exshaw , Alberta. In 1910, this business was captured in a hostile take-over by stock manipulators acting under the name Canada Cement Company, an action which Fleming took as

3942-518: The large multi-nationals in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 2000s, the city faced high unemployment, and its unemployment rate often led the country for census metropolitan areas in Canada. By December 2017, the rate was roughly on par with the national average at under 5%. An analysis in 2017 said: "A moderate but improving growth environment is foreseen for the region and the Peterborough CMA in 2017 and 2018. The region’s shift to service-producing industries will continue as in other regions in Ontario and

4015-494: The line by 1867 with both savings for the government and profit for himself. In 1862 he placed before the government a plan for a transcontinental railway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The first part, between Halifax and Quebec became an important part of the preconditions for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to join the Canadian Federation because of the uncertainties of travel through Maine because of

4088-486: The more southern parts of the city and county. The highest temperature ever recorded in Peterborough was 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) on July 11, 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −39.4 °C (−38.9 °F) on December 21, 1871. In 2004, Peterborough experienced a flood which caused much damage to the city and surrounding areas. On July 15, 2004, the sewage treatment plant recorded 32 million litres (7 × 10 ^  imp gal) of water as opposed to

4161-462: The north end of Water Street. In addition to its animal exhibits, the zoo features a miniature train ride and the park contains a disc golf course. Otonabee River The river is called Odoonabii-ziibi in the Ojibwe language . Otonabee comes from the words ode which means "heart" and odemgat that comes from "boiling water". It translates into "the river that beats like a heart in reference to

4234-485: The ocean was enough to weaken the emigrants but having to camp out in tents in the mid-summer heat brought on several other complications. Nearly all of the settlers experienced fever and ague, and several perished from it. Even faced with these hardships they forged ahead and put their trust in Peter Robinson, the man leading them to their settlement in Peterborough. In 1845, Sandford Fleming , inventor of Standard Time and designer of Canada's first postage stamp, moved to

4307-429: The only lake on the Otonabee, Little Lake, and the Trent Canal runs along the eastern edge of the city, connecting Little Lake to a section of the Otonabee above the rapids. Peterborough's topography is largely defined by land formations created by the receding Wisconsian glaciers 10,000–15,000 years ago. The South End and Downtown portions of the city sit on what was the bottom of the glacial Lake Peterborough—part of

4380-573: The population spoke English as their mother tongue. Other common first languages were French (1.0%), Chinese languages (0.6%), and Arabic (0.5%). Service industries are the primary employers. Other leading industries include manufacturing, food processing, automotive supplies, electronics, aerospace and life sciences/biotechnology. Quaker Oats employs 700. The city is a bedroom community for workers commuting to Oshawa and East Toronto via Hwy 115. In 2017, home prices were more affordable than in Durham Region. The Peterborough Regional Health Centre

4453-549: The population. 43.7% of residents were non-religious or secular, up from 29.9% in 2011. Followers of other religions made up 5.5% of residents, up from 2.7% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (1.5%), Hinduism (1.4%) and Buddhism (0.5%). As of 2021, 85.7% of Peterborough residents were white/European, 9.4% were visible minorities and 5.0% were Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were South Asian (3.1%), Black (1.4%), and Chinese (1.0%). European n.o.s North American Indigenous , n.o.s. 90.2% of

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4526-405: The railway until 1855. Starting as assistant engineer in 1852, Fleming replaced Cumberland in 1855 but was in turn ousted by him in 1862. In 1863 he became the chief government surveyor of Nova Scotia charged with the construction of a line from Truro to Pictou . When he would not accept the tenders from contractors that he considered too high, he was asked to bid for the work himself and completed

4599-406: The river. Cow Island is located to the west of the mouth of the Otonabee River. Sandford Fleming Sir Sandford Fleming FRSC KCMG (January 7, 1827 – July 22, 1915) was a Scottish Canadian engineer and inventor . Born and raised in Scotland , he immigrated to colonial Canada at the age of 18. He promoted worldwide standard time zones , a prime meridian , and use of

4672-504: The summer months, including the international Peterborough Musicfest (formerly Festival of Lights & Little Lake Musicfest), Wednesday and Saturday evenings from June through August. The Art Gallery of Peterborough , opened in 1974, is situated on the shore of Little Lake beside Del Crary Park and features 1,300 pieces from around the world. On Little Lake, there is a fountain called Centennial Fountain that runs from May to October yearly. This fountain has lights that are put on at dusk and

4745-428: Was 128,624 in 2021. In 2021, Peterborough ranked 32nd among the country's 41 census metropolitan areas according to the CMA in Canada . The current mayor of Peterborough is Jeff Leal . Peterborough is known as the gateway to the Kawarthas , "cottage country", a large recreational region of the province. It is named in honour of Peter Robinson , an early Canadian politician who oversaw the first major immigration to

4818-406: Was also interested in global calendar reform. He met Moses B. Cotsworth in 1908 when Cotsworth visited Ottawa. They discussed the International Fixed Calendar over lunch and Fleming agreed to present Cotsworth's paper on his 13-month calendar to the Royal Society of Canada . Fleming maintained a close friendship with Cotsworth and they often corresponded by letter. Fleming became the president of

4891-454: Was buried in Ottawa's Beechwood Cemetery . Fleming was designated a National Historic Person in 1950, on the advice of the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board . On January 7, 2017, Google celebrated Sandford Fleming's 190th birthday with a Google Doodle . Fleming has been honoured on two Canadian postage stamps: one from 1977 features his image and a railroad bridge of Fleming's design; another in 2002 reflects his promotion of

4964-402: Was dismissed by Sir Charles Tupper , with a $ 30,000 payoff. It was the hardest blow of Fleming's life, though he obtained a promise of monopoly, later revoked, on his next project, a trans-pacific telegraph cable. Nevertheless, in 1884 he became a director of the Canadian Pacific Railway and was present as the last spike was driven. Fleming is credited with "the initial effort that led to

5037-466: Was incorporated as a town in 1850, with a population of 2,191. Beginning in the late 1850s, a substantial canoe building industry grew up in and around Peterborough. The Peterborough Canoe Company was founded in 1893, with the factory being built on the site of the original Adam Scott mill. By 1930, 25% of all employees in the boatbuilding industry in Canada worked in the Peterborough area. Peterborough would also see extensive industrial growth as one of

5110-446: Was one of the reasons Quaker Oats moved to the city, and as part of PepsiCo remains a major fixture in the downtown area. However, over the years the number of major manufacturing plants has declined, and General Electric closed its last remaining facility in 2018. As a result, employment has been shifting toward the service industries and tourism is now the leading industry in the area. In 1615, Samuel de Champlain travelled through

5183-405: Was principal from 1877 until Grant's death in 1902. Not content to leave well enough alone, he tirelessly advocated the construction of a submarine telegraph cable connecting all of the British Empire , the All Red Line , which was completed in 1902. Being a man of ideas, in 1882 he authored a book on the land policy of the HBC. He also kept up with business ventures, becoming in 1882 one of

5256-531: Was the completion of the Peterborough Lift Lock on July 9, eight years after construction was initially approved. To this day, many landmarks in Peterborough memorialize Richard Rogers , conceptual father of the Lift Lock, such as Rogers Cove on Little Lake and Rogers Street in the eastern part of the city. On July 1, 1905, Peterborough was incorporated as a city with a population of about 14,300. The city's flag and coat of arms were adopted later, in 1951. In

5329-597: Was very easy to make and could be stored for months without spoiling. After the settlers landed in Quebec City they travelled further down the St-Lawrence River eventually reaching Lachine where they boarded a bateau. Heading west to Kingston and ultimately to Kingston and Cobourg. They camped in tents in Cobourg for several weeks until Peter Robinson joined them to lead them up to their final destination. The long voyage across

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