63-552: Sir Peter Robert Jackson ONZ KNZM (born 31 October 1961) is a New Zealand filmmaker. He is best known as the director, writer and producer of the Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001–2003) and the Hobbit trilogy (2012–2014), both of which are adapted from the novels of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien . Other notable films include the critically lauded drama Heavenly Creatures (1994),
126-542: A Golden Globe , two Primetime Emmy Awards and four Saturn Awards among others. His production company is WingNut Films , and his most regular collaborators are co-writers and producers Walsh and Philippa Boyens . Jackson was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2002. He was later knighted (as a Knight Companion of the order) by Sir Anand Satyanand , the Governor-General of New Zealand , at
189-419: A duffel coat with "an obsession verging on religious". He had no formal training in film-making, but learned about editing, special effects and make-up largely through his own trial and error. As a young adult, Jackson discovered the work of author J. R. R. Tolkien after watching The Lord of the Rings (1978), an animated film by Ralph Bakshi that was a part-adaptation of Tolkien's fantasy trilogy. When he
252-584: A harpy . Another prospector (Peter Jackson) falls off a cliff. The two remaining (Ken Hammon and Andrew Neal) have to fight and destroy a cyclops . They build a raft, float across a lake, and see a building in ruins. This ruin, unbeknownst to them, is the Beehive building of Wellington city – they have not travelled back in time but ahead into a post-apocalyptic world taken over by mythical beasts. The short has been described as "a tribute to special effects master Ray Harryhausen ". This article related to
315-585: A video game adaptation of the film, which released 21 November 2005 and was also a critical and commercial success. In 2007, Jackson directed a short film entitled Crossing the Line , to test a new model of digital cinema camera, the Red One . The film takes place during World War I , and was shot in two days. "Crossing the Line" was shown at NAB 2007 (the USA National Association of Broadcasters ). Clips of
378-737: A 10-minute multimedia display called Over the Front for the Australian War Memorial in 2008. He contributed to the defense fund for the West Memphis Three . In 2011, Jackson and Walsh purchased 1 Kent Terrace, the home of BATS Theatre in Wellington, effectively securing the theatre's future. In 2012 Jackson supported the American Red Cross "Zombie Blood Drive" together with other famous artists such as The Black Keys band members and
441-514: A biennial air show. He owns a scale modeling company Wingnut Wings that specializes in World War I subjects. Wingnut Wings however closed in March 2020 with the ultimate fate of the company and its moulds not yet known. Jackson is known for his attention to detail, a habit of shooting scenes from many angles, a macabre sense of humour, and a general playfulness – the latter to a point that The Lord of
504-556: A ceremony in Wellington in April 2010. In December 2014, Jackson was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Jackson was born on 31 October 1961 in Wellington and was raised in its far northern suburb of Pukerua Bay . His parents – Joan ( née Ruck), a factory worker and housewife, and William "Bill" Jackson, a wages clerk – were immigrants from England . As a child, Jackson was
567-536: A child Jackson made a World War II epic called The Dwarf Patrol seen on the Bad Taste bonus disc, which featured his first special effect of poking pinholes in the film for gun shots, and a James Bond spoof named Coldfinger . Most notable though was a 20-minute short called The Valley , which won him a special prize because of the shots he used. Jackson attended Kāpiti College , where he expressed no interest in sports. His classmates also remember him wearing
630-465: A church in the Wellington suburb of Seatoun for $ 1.06 million, saving it from demolition. He also contributes his expertise to 48HOURS , a New Zealand film-making competition, through annually selecting 3 "Wildcards" for the National Final. Jackson, a World War I aviation enthusiast, is chair of the 14–18 Aviation Heritage Trust. He donated his services and provided replica aircraft to create
693-657: A civil or military capacity". It was instituted by royal warrant on 6 February 1987. The order is modelled on the Order of Merit and the Order of the Companions of Honour . The order comprises the Sovereign and ordinary, additional and honorary members. The ordinary membership is limited to 20 living members, and at any time there may be fewer than 20. Additional members may be appointed to commemorate important royal, state or national occasions, and such appointments were made in 1990 for
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#1732852790156756-531: A deal with the Embracer Group to produce a new series of Lord of the Rings live-action films. On 10 May, RNZ reported that Wellington would serve as the production hub for the new Lord of the Rings films. Jackson was set to make games with Microsoft Game Studios , a partnership announced on 27 September 2006, at X06 . Specifically, Jackson and Microsoft were teaming together to form a new studio called Wingnut Interactive. In collaboration with Bungie , he
819-520: A film adaptation of the novel Mortal Engines . In October 2016, Jackson stated that the film would be his next project, as producer and co-writer, once again alongside Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens . The film was directed by his long-time collaborator Christian Rivers . It stars Robert Sheehan , Hera Hilmar , Hugo Weaving , Jihae , Leila George, Ronan Raftery , and Stephen Lang . It premiered on 27 November 2018 in London, received negative reviews and
882-648: A film that looks more like a demo reel than a movie". In February 1997, Jackson launched legal proceedings against the New Zealand Listener magazine for defamation , over a review of The Frighteners which claimed that the film was "built from the rubble of other people's movies". In the end, the case was not pursued further. Around this time Jackson's remake of King Kong was shelved by Universal Studios , partly because of Mighty Joe Young and Godzilla , both giant monster movies, that had already gone into production. Universal feared it would be thrown aside by
945-510: A keen film fan, growing up on Ray Harryhausen films, as well as finding inspiration in the television series Thunderbirds and Monty Python's Flying Circus . After a family friend gave the Jacksons a Super 8 cine-camera with Peter in mind, he began making short films with his friends. Jackson has long cited King Kong as his favourite film, and around the age of nine he attempted to remake it using his own stop-motion models. Also, as
1008-417: A lot of people. It's very black, very satirical, very savage." Released in 1994 after Jackson won a race to bring the story to the screen, Heavenly Creatures marked a major change for Jackson in terms of both style and tone. The real-life 1950s Parker–Hulme murder case , in which two teenage girls murdered one of their mothers, inspired the film. It was Fran Walsh that persuaded him that these events had
1071-505: A new Lord of the Rings film with the working title The Lord of the Rings: The Hunt for Gollum . The film is intended to be released in 2026, with Andy Serkis directing from a screenplay written by Walsh, Boyens, Phoebe Gittins and Arty Papageorgiou. The Hunt for Gollum is the first slate in a new Lord of the Rings film series developed through Warner Bros. label New Line Cinema . In February 2023, Warner Bros. Discovery had signed
1134-424: A number of Hollywood films. Jackson is one of the lead actors in two of his films: in Bad Taste , he plays two characters named Derek and Robert, even engaging them both in a fight. In the mockumentary Forgotten Silver , he plays himself. However, he appears in most films he directs, mostly in cameos, just as director Alfred Hitchcock had done: He has also made cameos in several films not directed by him. In
1197-481: A sequel to A Nightmare on Elm Street , have never been made into movies; the proposed zombie film Braindead underwent extensive rewrites. Jackson's next film to see release was Meet the Feebles (1989), co-written with Sinclair, Walsh and Mulheron. Begun on a very low budget, Meet the Feebles went weeks over schedule. Jackson stated of his second feature-length film, "It's got a quality of humour that alienates
1260-405: A single scene. This is evident in his work where even scenes featuring simple conversations often feature a wide array of multiple camera angles and shot-sizes as well as zooming closeups on characters' faces. One of his most common visual trademarks is shooting close-ups of actors with wide-angle lenses. He was an early user of computer enhancement technology and provided digital special effects to
1323-415: A then fifteen-year-old Peter Jackson with his friends. It was strongly influenced by the films of Ray Harryhausen . It was filmed silent on a Super 8 camera and was shown on the children's television show Spot On . F our prospectors walk into a valley and unwittingly enter a rift in the time/space continuum. As they journey down the valley, one of the prospectors (Ian Middleton) gets taken away by
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#17328527901561386-433: A two-film production, Jackson was later pressured to render the story as a single film, and finally overcame a tight deadline by making a last-minute deal with New Line , which was keen on a trilogy. Principal photography stretched from 11 October 1999 to 22 December 2000 with extensive location filming across New Zealand. With the benefit of extended post-production and extra periods of shooting before each film's release,
1449-437: A writer and executive producer and Guillermo del Toro directing. In early 2010, del Toro dropped out due to production delays and a month later Jackson was back in negotiations to direct The Hobbit ; and on 15 October he was finalised as the director – with New Zealand confirmed as the location a couple of weeks later. The film started production on 20 March 2011. On 30 July 2012, Jackson announced on his Facebook page that
1512-412: Is often associated. Weta, initiated by Jackson and key collaborators, grew rapidly during this period to incorporate both digital and physical effects, make-up and costumes, the first two areas normally commanded by Jackson collaborator Richard Taylor. The Frighteners was regarded as a box office failure. Film critic Roger Ebert expressed disappointment stating that "incredible effort has resulted in
1575-564: Is well known that Jackson has a passion for King Kong , often citing it as his favourite film and as the film that inspired him early in his life. Jackson recalls attempting to remake King Kong when he was nine. At the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con , while being interviewed alongside Avatar and Titanic director James Cameron , Jackson said certain films gave him a "kick". He mentioned Martin Scorsese 's crime films Goodfellas and Casino , remarking on "something about those particular movies and
1638-499: The Metro article Jackson criticised the Commission over funding decisions concerning a film he was hoping to executive produce, but refused to drop a client-confidentiality provision that would have allowed them to publicly reply to his criticisms. Jackson won the rights to film Tolkien's epic in 1997 after meeting with producer Saul Zaentz . Originally working with Miramax Films towards
1701-485: The Lord of the Rings series, and knew Peter Jackson's company Weta Digital would make his vision a reality. It received positive reviews and grossed $ 374 million at the box office. In December 2011, Spielberg said that a sequel was planned, but this time he would be in a producing role, with Jackson as director. Kathleen Kennedy said the script might be done by February or March 2012 and motion-captured in summer 2012, so that
1764-457: The Tintin sequel would be made "at some point soon", although he intended to focus on directing two New Zealand films before that. The following year, Anthony Horowitz , who was hired as the sequel's screenwriter even before the release of the first film, stated that he was no longer working on the sequel, and was unsure if it was still being made. In June 2016, Spielberg confirmed that the sequel
1827-626: The black comedy Meet the Feebles (1989) before filming the zombie comedy Braindead (1992). He shared a nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with his partner Fran Walsh for Heavenly Creatures , which brought him to mainstream prominence in the film industry. Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), including Best Picture , Best Director , and Best Adapted Screenplay . His other awards include three BAFTAs ,
1890-556: The 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Waitangi , in 2002 for the Queen's Golden Jubilee, in 2007 for the 20th anniversary of the institution of the Order, in 2012 for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, in 2022 for the Queen's Platinum Jubilee, and in 2023 to mark the coronation of King Charles III. Additional members have the same status as ordinary members. Honorary membership is for citizens of nations of which
1953-574: The Rings conceptual designer Alan Lee jokingly remarked, "the film is kind of incidental, really". Jackson was a noted perfectionist on the Lord of the Rings shoot, where he demanded numerous takes of scenes, requesting additional takes by repeatedly saying, "one more for luck". Jackson is also renowned within the New Zealand film industry for his insistence on "coverage" – shooting a scene from as many angles as possible, giving him more options during editing. Jackson has been known to spend days shooting
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2016-528: The Sovereign is not head of state. Members are entitled to the post-nominal letters "ONZ". Appointments to the order are made by royal warrant under the monarch's sign manual on the prime minister's advice. The order is administered by a Secretary and Registrar (the Clerk of the Executive Council). Richie McCaw represented the Order at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla in 2023, and took part in
2079-681: The Special Presentation at the BFI London Film Festival and followed by a question-and-answer session hosted by English film critic Mark Kermode . The film was created using original footage from Imperial War Museums ' extensive archive, much of it previously unseen, alongside BBC and IWM interviews with servicemen who fought in the conflict. The majority of the footage (save for the start and end sections) has been colourised , converted to 3D and transformed with modern production techniques to present detail never seen before. Before
2142-577: The above films except The Frighteners . And partner Fran Walsh makes a short cameo in The Frighteners as a woman walking next to Cyrus and Stuar just prior the scene featuring their son Billy. Member of the Order of New Zealand The Order of New Zealand is the highest honour in the New Zealand royal honours system , created "to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand in
2205-399: The cast of the show The Walking Dead . His property portfolio in 2018 was estimated at NZ$ 150 million. In 2009, he purchased a Gulfstream G550 jet registered ZK-KFB; his total net worth is estimated by National Business Review at NZ$ 450 million. In early 2014 he replaced his Gulfstream G550, with a Gulfstream G650 also registered ZK-KFB. In April 2014, the aircraft
2268-519: The commission to become Jackson's producer). Bad Taste debuted at the Cannes Film Festival in May ;1987. Around this time, Jackson began working on writing a number of film scripts, in varied collaborative groupings with playwright Stephen Sinclair, writer Fran Walsh and writer/actor Danny Mulheron . Walsh would later become his life partner. Some of the scripts from this period, including
2331-403: The director submitted a lengthy criticism of the commission for a magazine supplement meant to celebrate the body's 20th anniversary, criticising what he called inconsistent decision-making by inexperienced board members. The magazine felt that the material was too long and potentially defamatory to publish in that form; a shortened version of the material went on to appear in Metro magazine. In
2394-617: The film can be found at Reduser.net. Jackson completed an adaptation of Alice Sebold 's bestseller, The Lovely Bones , which was released in the United States on 11 December 2009. Jackson has said the film was a welcome relief from his larger-scale epics. The storyline's combination of fantasy aspects and themes of murder share some similarities with Heavenly Creatures . The film ended up receiving generally mixed reviews and middling box office returns yet earned Stanley Tucci an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination. Jackson
2457-513: The film. New Line Cinema's head Robert Shaye commented that Jackson "... will never make any movie with New Line Cinema again while I'm still working at the company ...". This prompted an online call for a boycott of New Line Cinema, and by August 2007 Shaye was trying to repair his working relationship. On 18 December 2007, it was announced that Jackson and New Line Cinema had reached agreement to make two prequels, both based on The Hobbit , and to be released in 2012 and 2013 with Jackson as
2520-474: The horror comedy The Frighteners (1996), the epic monster remake film King Kong (2005), the World War I documentary film They Shall Not Grow Old (2018) and the documentary The Beatles: Get Back (2021). He is the fifth-highest-grossing film director of all-time , his films having made over $ 6.5 billion worldwide. Jackson began his career with the " splatstick " horror comedy Bad Taste (1987) and
2583-400: The makings of a movie; Jackson has been quoted saying that the film "only got made" because of her enthusiasm for the subject matter. The film's fame coincided with the New Zealand media tracking down the real-life Juliet Hulme, who wrote books under the name Anne Perry . Melanie Lynskey and Kate Winslet played Parker and Hulme, respectively. Heavenly Creatures was critically acclaimed and
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2646-656: The movie would be on track to be released by Christmas 2014 or mid-2015. In February 2012, Spielberg said that a story outline for the sequel had been completed. In December 2012, Jackson said that the Tintin schedule was to shoot performance-capture in 2013, aiming for a release in 2015. On 12 March 2013, Spielberg said, "Don't hold me to it, but we're hoping the film will come out around Christmas-time in 2015. We know which books we're making, we can't share that now but we're combining two books which were always intended to be combined by Herge." In December 2014, Peter Jackson said that
2709-481: The opening sequence of Hot Fuzz (2007), he played a demented man dressed as Father Christmas , who stabs Nicholas Angel (played by Simon Pegg ) in the hand. Jackson's eldest son, Billy (born 1995), has made cameo appearances in almost every one of his father's films since his birth, namely The Frighteners , The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, King Kong , The Lovely Bones , and the third film of The Hobbit trilogy. His daughter, Katie (born 1996), appears in all
2772-427: The procession of the King and Queen at the beginning of the ceremony. The insignia is made up of an oval medallion of the coat of arms of New Zealand in gold and coloured enamel, worn on a white and ochre ribbon around the neck for men or a bow for women on their left shoulder. The Valley (1976 film) The Valley is a 1976 stop motion live action adventure/fantasy post-apocalyptic short film made by
2835-469: The release of the first movie in the trilogy, The Fellowship of the Ring . There was a special showing of the film after her funeral. Universal Studios signed Jackson for a second time to remake the 1933 classic King Kong . The film was released on 14 December 2005 to critical acclaim and grossed around US$ 562 million worldwide. He also collaborated with game designer Michel Ancel from Ubisoft to make
2898-511: The screening, Jackson said, "This is not a story of the First World War, it is not a historical story, it may not even be entirely accurate but it's the memories of the men who fought – they're just giving their impressions of what it was like to be a soldier." Reviewing the film for The Guardian , critic Peter Bradshaw said: The film was broadcast on BBC Two on 11 November 2018. In late December 2009, Jackson announced his interest in
2961-507: The series met with huge success and sent Jackson's popularity soaring. The Return of the King itself met with huge critical acclaim, winning all eleven Oscars it was nominated for, including Best Picture and Best Director . The film was the first of the fantasy film genre to win the award for Best Picture and was the second sequel to win Best Picture (the first being The Godfather Part II ). Jackson's mother, Joan, died three days before
3024-611: The studio". The documentary used the techniques developed for They Shall Not Grow Old to transform the footage with modern production techniques, and seeks to display a new side of a period in the Beatles' history usually remembered as highly conflictual. Most of the used footage was originally recorded for the 1970 Let It Be documentary . Clare Olssen and Jabez Olssen , respectively producer and editor of They Shall Not Grow Old , returned for this new project, with Ken Kamins, Jeff Jones and Jonathan Clyde as executive producers. The project
3087-531: The two higher budget movies. This period of transition seems not to have been entirely a happy one; it also marked one of the high points of tension between Jackson and the New Zealand Film Commission since Meet the Feebles had gone over-budget earlier in his career. Jackson has claimed the Commission considered firing him from Feebles , though the NZFC went on to help fund his next three films. In 1997,
3150-524: The two planned Hobbit movies would be expanded into a trilogy. He wrote that the third film would not act as a bridge between The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings films, but would continue to expand The Hobbit story by using material found in the Lord of the Rings Appendices . On 16 October 2018, Jackson's documentary about the First World War , They Shall Not Grow Old , was premiered as
3213-502: The way Martin Scorsese just fearlessly rockets his camera around and has shot those films that I can watch those movies and feel inspired." Jackson said the 1970 film Waterloo inspired him in his youth. Other influences include George A. Romero , Sam Raimi and the special effects by Ray Harryhausen . Jackson's first feature was Bad Taste , a haphazard fashion splatter comedy which took years to make. It included many of Jackson's friends acting and working on it for free. Shooting
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#17328527901563276-441: The way for Jackson's first big budget Hollywood film, The Frighteners starring Michael J. Fox , in 1996. Jackson was given permission to make this comedy / horror film entirely in New Zealand despite being set in a North American town. This period was a key one of change for both Jackson and Weta Workshop , the special effects company – born from the one-man contributions of George Port to Heavenly Creatures – with which Jackson
3339-527: The world. Though the programme played in a slot normally reserved for drama, no other warning was given that it was fictionalised and many viewers were outraged at discovering Colin McKenzie had never existed. The number of people who believed the increasingly improbable story provides testimony to Jackson and Botes' skill at playing on New Zealand's national myth of a nation of innovators and forgotten trail-blazers. The success of Heavenly Creatures helped pave
3402-469: Was 16 years old, Jackson left school and began working full-time as a photo-engraver for a Wellington newspaper, The Evening Post . For the seven years he worked there, Jackson lived at home with his parents so he could save as much money as possible to spend on film equipment. After two years of work Jackson bought a 16 mm camera , and began shooting a film that later became Bad Taste . Jackson has long cited several films as influences. It
3465-547: Was a box-office bomb . On 30 January 2019, the fiftieth anniversary of the Beatles ' rooftop concert , which was the band's final performance, Jackson announced that his next directorial work would be a documentary about the making of their final album Let It Be . In a process similar to his previous documentary project They Shall Not Grow Old , this created around "55 hours of never-before-seen footage and 140 hours of audio made available to [Jackson's team]", which are "the only footage of any note that documents them at work in
3528-420: Was made with "the full co-operation" of Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr , the last two living Beatles, as well as John Lennon and George Harrison 's widows Yoko Ono and Olivia Harrison . The film includes the full 42-minute last rooftop concert. In March 2020, Walt Disney Studios announced they had acquired the worldwide distribution rights to Jackson's documentary, now titled The Beatles: Get Back . It
3591-668: Was nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards and made top ten of the year lists in Time , The Guardian , The Sydney Morning Herald , and The New Zealand Herald . The following year, in collaboration with Wellington film-maker Costa Botes, Jackson co-directed the mockumentary Forgotten Silver (1995). This ambitious made-for-television piece told the story of New Zealand film pioneer Colin McKenzie , who had supposedly invented colour film and 'talkies', and attempted an epic film of Salome before being forgotten by
3654-480: Was normally done on weekends since Jackson was then working full-time. Bad Taste is about aliens that come to earth with the intention of turning humans into food. Jackson had two acting roles including a famous scene in which he fights himself on top of a cliff. The film was finally completed thanks to a late injection of finance from the New Zealand Film Commission , after Jim Booth , the body's executive director, became convinced of Jackson's talent (Booth later left
3717-505: Was one of three producers on The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn , directed by Steven Spielberg and released in 2011. He is officially credited as producer but before he began working on The Hobbit , helped Spielberg direct the film. Jamie Bell and Andy Serkis were cast due to their collaboration with Peter Jackson on King Kong and The Lord of the Rings . Spielberg chose to work with Peter Jackson due to his work on
3780-553: Was originally set to be released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on 27 August 2021 in the US and Canada with a subsequent global release to follow. In June 2021, it was announced that it would be released on Disney+ as a three-part documentary series on 25, 26 and 27 November 2021. The documentary was released to generally positive reviews. In May 2024, Warner Bros. Discovery CEO David Zaslav confirmed that Jackson and his partners Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens would be producing
3843-410: Was still in development, but Jackson is working on a secret project in the meantime. Jackson's involvement in the making of a film version of The Hobbit has a long and chequered history. In November 2006, a letter from Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh stated that due to an ongoing legal dispute between Wingnut Films (Jackson's production company) and New Line Cinema , Jackson would not be directing
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#17328527901563906-656: Was to co-write, co-design and co-produce a new game taking place in the Halo universe – tentatively called Halo: Chronicles . On 27 July 2009, in an interview about his new movie (as producer) District 9 , he announced that Halo: Chronicles had been cancelled, while Microsoft confirmed that the game is "on hold". In July 2009 Jackson's game studio Wingnut Interactive were said to be at work on original intellectual property. As of August 2023, there are no games released nor developed by Wingnut Interactive. In 2006, Jackson gave NZ $ 500,000 to embryonic stem cell research . He purchased
3969-593: Was used in the search for MH370 . The aircraft has subsequently been sold. Jackson owns an aircraft restoration and manufacturing company, The Vintage Aviator (based in Kilbirnie, Wellington, and at the Hood Aerodrome , Masterton), which is dedicated to World War I and World War II fighter planes among other planes from the 1920s and 1930s. He is chairman of the Omaka Aviation Heritage Trust , which hosts
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