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46-552: The provincial subdivision has a population of about 100,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,950 km (1,140 sq mi), and its capital city is Pergamino , which is around 225 km (140 mi) from Buenos Aires . Pergamino has 23 cuarteles (districts): This article about a place in Buenos Aires Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pergamino Pergamino ( Spanish pronunciation: [peɾɣaˈmino] )

92-660: A British -owned company and supported the side of Great Britain in the war. However, as the war continued on, a variety of factors led to strikes against the CA, including one that occurred in Rosario in September 1917 (the first major railway strike in Argentina). These strikes resulted from a variety of issues: people being fired (sometimes because they had a German background, and the Germans were

138-512: A humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) with hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters. The highest temperature recorded was 41.9 °C (107 °F) on January 9, 2012 while the lowest temperature recorded was −10.8 °C (13 °F) on June 14, 1967. Central Argentine Railway The Central Argentine Railway, referred to as CA below, (in Spanish: Ferrocarril Central Argentino )

184-658: A close alliance developed between the governor and Pergamino's most prominent families, the Acevedos and the Anchorenas; Rosas' repressive regime, however, resulted in the sole school's closure in 1838. Following Governor Rosas' 1852 overthrow , the local gentry allied themselves to Bartolomé Mitre , a prominent advocate on behalf of Buenos Aires Province for greater autonomy. Mitre was elected governor in 1860 and President of Argentina in 1862. President Mitre's 1862 establishment of Argentina's first institute of Agronomy helped lead to

230-490: A complicated relationship with its employees in the 1910s, and then it had a complicated relationship with the government of Argentina in the 1920s. In 1854, American engineer Allan Campbell sent a proposal to members of the government of the Argentine Confederation . Campbell wanted a study to be done on the construction of a possible railway line between cities of Rosario and Córdoba . The distance estimated

276-684: A decade of prosperity, however, the Great Depression led to the ruin of the majority of the area's small landholders. The city soon began to recover, and celebrated the opening of the Municipal Fine Arts Museum in 1936, for instance. A devastating flood in 1939 led to construction of levees and canals along the Pergamino River. Growing to nearly 50,000 people by 1947, the city's first large manufacturing establishments began to operate at this time. Pergamino's agricultural sector, however,

322-514: A dramatic recovery in the city's industrial base, as well the area's agricultural production; in 2003 alone, the city saw 2,500 manufacturing jobs return. The county's 2,950 km (1,139 sq mi) is dedicated almost entirely to agriculture and, though local farmers have diversified into poultry and dairy production, Pergamino still plays an important role in Argentina's cereal harvest, particularly soy and maize, as well as being home to half

368-540: A fort. These attacks did not cease, however, and on 8 August 1751 the settlement was destroyed. The site continued to be of interest, and Commander Juan González ordered the village rebuilt on orders from the Buenos Aires colonial government in 1769. The Curate of nearby Arrecifes ordained a Parish in Pergamino in 1779 and the new Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata assigned the area a partido (county) in 1784. The fort played

414-431: A number of local firms, had established large textile plants, employing about 6,000. Roberto Genoud, the son of French immigrants, established the area's largest lumber and furniture factory. Pergamino continued to grow, reaching a population of 70,000 in 1980, becoming northern Buenos Aires Province's industrial center. Economic instability nationwide began to take its toll on that sector after 1975, however, and by 1985

460-410: A number of local textile manufacturers had closed or were replaced by smaller cooperatives . The city was chosen as the site for the prestigious National Viral Research Institute (INEVH) in 1978, and was home to one of the nation's first cable television stations in 1985. The city's main daily, La Opinión , closed in 1989 amid a national economic crisis. Financially distressed, the daily's founders,

506-406: A posada along the trade route between colonial Buenos Aires and Córdoba , the settlement was given its name on 3 January 1626, for the parchment paper (document lost by a group of Spaniards) found there and conforming to an Araucanian term meaning "red soil." The settlement's first businesses were established in 1700 and in 1749, recurrent attacks by displaced natives led to the construction of

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552-512: A prominent role during the initial battles in the war for independence and, in 1815, was the site of a mutiny led by Col. Ignacio Álvarez Thomas against the fledgling nation's Head of State, Director Carlos María de Alvear . Col. Álvarez Thomas' coup d'état against Director de Alvear's brief though highly divisive autocracy averted the dissolution of the United Provinces of the River Plate ,

598-524: Is an Argentine city in the Province of Buenos Aires . It has a population of about 104,985 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [ INDEC ] and is the administrative seat of its county, Pergamino Partido . Its UN/LOCODE is ARPGO. Long valued for its many springs and fertile land, the area had been home to the Charrúa and Araucanian people when it was first noticed by Spanish colonist around 1620. Becoming

644-434: Is more diversified than in the past and these two sectors today employ less than a third of industrial labor. Pergamino's financial sector has likewise recovered: the value of locally originated loans nearly doubled between 2002 and 2006, reaching US$ 52 million and local deposits nearly tripled, reaching almost US$ 100 million. The mayor of Pergamino, Dr. Héctor Gutiérrez, is (as most of the city's past mayors) affiliated with

690-527: The Buenos Aires – Rosario line. The passenger services were unified and optimized: Rosario Central station was left in charge of short and mid-distance services, while Rosario Norte station was set aside for long-distance and express services. The fused company opened two new stops in Rosario, Parada Cruce Alberdi (present-day Patio Parada ) in the north-center of the city, and Parada Golf (or Parada Links), in

736-575: The Copiapó – Caldera line project in Chile , financed and supported the construction of the railroad. In 1863, the government of Argentina granted the company, led by engineer William Wheelwright , a concession to build and operate a railway line between the cities of Rosario (a major port in southern Santa Fe, on the Paraná River ) and Córdoba (a large city near the geographical center of Argentina , and

782-482: The Yrigoyen administration partially due to a positive relationship between a CA official and Yrigoyen , and the controversy concluded. At the end of the 1880s a group of CAR workers used to meet to play a form of " football " in the vacant lands located near Alberdi Avenue. At Christmastime in 1889, almost 70 people met in a bar with the purpose of establishing a football club. British citizen Thomas Mutton suggested

828-471: The 1920s was also complicated. Due to financial struggles coming out of World War I , Argentine railroads sought to raise their rates in order to raise more revenue, but the Argentine government, led by Hipólito Yrigoyen and his Radical Civic Union party, tried to intervene and set railroad rates. Argentine railroads hired lawyers to defend them, but each of the railroads viewed the situation differently, with

874-574: The CA lawyers stating that they could not oppose the government. After much debate, the railroads were permitted to collect the higher rates which they wanted, and the railroads began collecting these rates in August 1922. The next administration of the Argentine government, the Alvear administration, sought to lower railroad rates, but maneuvering by the CA enabled the issue to not be addressed until Yrigoyen regained power. The railroad rates were not reduced during

920-643: The Central Argentine Railway's director, Ronald Leslie, organized Pergamino's first football team on 18 November 1918, christening it in honor of a British Field Marshal famed for his roles in the Boer War and in World War I , Gen. Douglas Haig . Club Atlético Douglas Haig has enjoyed regional prominence in the Argentine B League . Pergamino's main church and city hall were both completed in 1930. Following

966-466: The Veninis, sold the company to local cable TV entrepreneur Hugo Apesteguía, the current owner. Serious floods in 1939, 1975, 1984 and 1995 underscored the need for more investments in infrastructure and by 2002, the combined effects of a wave of imports and an acute economic crisis led to the closure of most of Pergamino's industries and many of its retail establishments; the textile industry, in particular,

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1012-484: The border to Bolivia . One year later, the Estrella del Norte (a train that would become a classic) joined Buenos Aires and Tucumán, towed by W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co PS11 locomotives. The company continued its expansion. Between 1935 and 1940, already past the "golden age" of Argentine railways, Rosario Central station managed seventy daily train services, with an annual average of 438,000 passengers. In 1936,

1058-476: The capital of the province of the same name). The grant included a clause to populate the lands along and around the railway that were given to the company by the national state. The construction of the railroad began in 1863 with the establishment of the terminus in Rosario, at the Rosario Central station . The line was built as a 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in ) broad gauge railway. In 1867

1104-574: The centrist Radical Civic Union , Argentina's oldest continuously existing political party. Elected in 1999, he has capitalized on the city's economic recovery by emphasizing public works and in 2005, successfully lobbied the Administration of President Néstor Kirchner for a 180 km (112 mi) extension of the Route 8 expressway into Pergamino, a long-overdue improvement for one of the nation's most-transited stretches of two-lane road. Pergamino has

1150-516: The company owned 520 locomotives, 976 coaches and more than 20,000 goods wagons. By 1948, the following companies had been added to the CA railway network: British railway companies operating in Argentina, including the CA, were nationalized in 1948 by the Juan Perón administration. The CA took over the northern section of the Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano and then became part of

1196-417: The concept of agricultural colonies , where people settled and farmed. Bernstadt, Cañada de Gomez , and Carcañal were some of the agricultural colonies. The CA was involved in transporting agricultural products, such as wheat , in the 1870s, and by the late 1880s, Great Britain received large quantities of agricultural products from Argentina . The CA built a number of stations. Some train stations and

1242-468: The confederacy that later became Argentina. Following the struggle for independence, the progressive new Governor of Buenos Aires, Martín Rodríguez , assigned Pergamino a Justice of the Peace in 1822 and the first school was opened in 1828. The town soon became home to a number of abattoirs and following the 1829 rise of Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas (whose family interests centered around cattle-raising)

1288-627: The development of a new economic activity in the region around Pergamino: intensive agriculture . The first Argentine grain shipment to arrive intact in the United Kingdom in 1875 touched off an agricultural boom that for Pergamino, resulted in the massive cultivation of maïze . The city's growth accelerated further upon the arrival of the Central Argentine Railway in 1882, en route to Rosario . Pergamino, whose population by then exceeded 10,000 and home to over 90 registered businesses,

1334-452: The enemies of the British during World War I ) or laid off, receiving lower wages (although these were not universal), and having a higher cost of living. The rise of unions and the Argentine government's involvement in settling disputes between employees and the company led to the end of the intense time of protests, which lasted from 1916 to 1922. The CA's relationship with the government in

1380-567: The first crossbuck and manually-operated gates in the many level crossings existing by then. During successive years, several new stations were built by the company in Greater Buenos Aires , such as Beccar (1913), La Lucila (1933), Acassuso (1934) and Virreyes (1938). The CA purchased multiple railroads or merged with them. One of these companies, the Santa Fe Western Railway, or SFWR ("Ferrocarril Oeste Santafesino"),

1426-436: The government authorized a new disbursement of $ 1,500,000 to conclude the pending works. In 1870, the railway reached the city of Córdoba , and this completed its original route. The CA was the longest railway system at that time and the first to join two provinces. For 18 years the company did not built any tracks elsewhere; in 1888, the railway system still had 247 mi (about 398 km) of extension. The CA supported

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1472-532: The inauguration of the Hotel Roma in 1913, one of the best-known Art Nouveau structures in the area. One immigrant from the Piedmont , Enrique Venini, founded Pergamino's first newspaper, La Opinión , in 1917. The city's growing immigrant communities also included a sizable contingent of British railway engineers and other technicians associated with the rapidly expanding railways . A number of these staffers and

1518-464: The line reached Villa María, Córdoba . Minister Rawson expressed disagreement for the paralysis of the works while passengers also protested against poor conditions of the service. The works for the Rosario Central station and other intermediate stations had not begun. The company alleged that they could not continue the extension of the line until the pending lands were given. In September 1867,

1564-456: The national sales of seed for cultivation; as such, the city was declared National Capital of the Seed in 1998. Even so, agricultural employment accounts for only 8% of the county's total and employment in manufacturing, which has growing by about 13% annually, accounted for 22% of the total in 2006, or about 10,000 jobs. Though still led by the textile and lumber industries, manufacturing in Pergamino

1610-728: The sector in the area and nationally. The elections of 1963 carried a native of Pergamino, Dr. Arturo Illia , to the Presidency; President Illia prioritized economic growth while keeping national budgets nearly balanced, the combination of which helped lead to unprecedented growth in Pergamino. The city's first high-rises were built, as well as the industrial district; President Illia graced his birthplace with numerous visits during his tenure. Another native of Pergamino, Héctor Chavero, became nationally renowned during that era after releasing an album of folklore ballads and narration, El payador perseguido ("The Persecuted Troubadour"); by then, he

1656-507: The state-owned Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre . The railway system as a whole was reconfigured and this meant the closure of many stations; in the case of the Ferrocarril Mitre, only the original Rosario Central station was left to handle passengers. The CA had a complicated relationship with its employees in the 1910s. At the beginning of World War I , there was a patriotic fervor among CA employees because they were working for

1702-402: The trains themselves possessed British names and influence. In 1891 the CA opened Fisherton station in the west of Rosario, as well as a new branch entering Rosario from the southwest and a stop on the line ( Eloy Palacios station ). Victoria station was also opened in 1891. Trains to Zelaya and Capilla del Señor departed from Victoria for the first time one year later. The CA also installed

1748-477: The western limit of the municipality, near today's Rosario Golf Club. New rail lines were added to the CA. In 1916, the Retiro - Tigre line was electrified , becoming the first electrified railway system of South America. New British Thomson-Houston (BTH) multiple units were acquired to run on the line. The CA ran several express services to the northern Argentina, such as El Rápido (inaugurated in 1910), which

1794-469: Was 247 mi (about 398 km) and the costs were in Argentine pesos ( £ 1 = Arg$ 5). The study that had been done on the CAR revealed a cost of 4,000 sterling per mile built. The costs estimated by Campbell in the report were the following: In 1855, the CA was given permission to begin work on a railway line from Rosario to Córdoba. Another American , William Wheelwright , who had been involved in

1840-464: Was absorbed by the CA in 1900. The lines handled by SFWR, which served the southwest of Santa Fe Province and the south of Córdoba (up to the city of Cruz Alta), were merged with those of the larger company, and the passenger services handled by Rosario Oeste station were transferred to Rosario Central station , while the former was renamed "Rosario Este." In 1908, the CA was merged with another company, Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway , which served

1886-429: Was formally designated as a city on 23 October 1895. Continuing to rely economically on maize, local landowners funded the establishment of an agricultural laboratory in 1912. Pergamino's population, now mostly European immigrants and their children, nearly tripled to almost 30,000 between 1895 and 1914; this era saw the establishment of important Basque , Piemontese , Provençal and Lebanese communities, as well as

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1932-452: Was known by his pseudonym, Atahualpa Yupanqui and has remained, long after his death in 1992, arguably the most influential musician of his genre in Argentina. One of Pergamino's Lebanese immigrants, Isaac Annan, established the city's first garment factory during the late 1940s, creating Far West Jeans and Manhattan Shirts, two of Argentina's best-known domestic clothing brands. By 1970, Wrangler Jeans , Fiorucci , Levi's , Lee Jeans and

1978-474: Was one of the Big Four broad gauge , 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ) British companies that built and operated railway networks in Argentina. The company had been established in the 19th century, to serve the provinces of Santa Fe and Córdoba , in the east-central region of the country. It would later extend its operations to Buenos Aires , Tucumán, and Santiago del Estero . The railroad had

2024-675: Was reduced to about 600 workers; amid rising unemployment, crime rates and general pessimism, one of the most notable achievements in that difficult era was the establishment of the Pergamino Regional University, the city's first institution of higher learning, in 1993. The school was absorbed into the National University of Northwestern Buenos Aires upon that latter entity's creation in 2002, and its Pergamino campus today enrolls about 500 students yearly. The economic recovery Argentina began to experience in 2003 has led to

2070-630: Was strained by the creation of a national export grain purchaser, the IAPI , by President Juan Perón in 1946; although Pergamino benefited from IAPI investment in irrigation and other infrastructure works, the low prices the agency paid local growers also led to the bankruptcy of number. The dissolution of the IAPI following Perón's overthrow in 1955 and the 1956 establishment of the National Agricultural Laboratory (INTA) in Pergamino helped revitalize

2116-560: Was the first express train of Argentina. That service could reach the city of Rosario in about 5 hours. In 1925, the new Campana station, located nearer the center of downtown, was opened. A long-distance service extended from Córdoba to Tucumán and allowed passengers to be able to cross the border into Bolivia by train. El Panamericano , inaugurated in 1929, was a specific rail line that allowed for passengers to be able to travel to Bolivia; it reached Tucumán and allowed passengers to transfer Ferrocarril Central Norte trains to cross

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