138-495: Pendlebury is a town in the City of Salford , Greater Manchester , England. The population at the 2011 Census was 13,069. It lies 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Manchester , 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Salford and 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Bolton . Historically in Lancashire, Pendlebury, together with the neighbouring settlements of Swinton and Clifton , formed
276-512: A Roman road from Manchester ( Mamucium ) via Bury to Ribchester ( Bremetennacum ), passes through the city; a hoard of over 550 bronze Roman coins dating between 259 AD and 278 AD was discovered in Boothstown ; and a Romano-British bog body , Worsley Man , was discovered in the Chat Moss peat bog. In 1142, a monastic cell (small monastic house) dedicated to St. Leonard
414-502: A slipformed (or pre-cast) concrete base (development 2000s). The 'embedded rail structure', used in the Netherlands since 1976, initially used a conventional UIC 54 rail embedded in concrete, and later developed (late 1990s) to use a 'mushroom' shaped SA42 rail profile; a version for light rail using a rail supported in an asphalt concrete –filled steel trough has also been developed (2002). Modern ladder track can be considered
552-440: A "clickety-clack" sound. Unless it is well-maintained, jointed track does not have the ride quality of welded rail and is less desirable for high speed trains . However, jointed track is still used in many countries on lower speed lines and sidings , and is used extensively in poorer countries due to the lower construction cost and the simpler equipment required for its installation and maintenance. A major problem of jointed track
690-648: A common sleeper. The straight rails could be angled at these joints to form primitive curved track. The first iron rails laid in Britain were at the Darby Ironworks in Coalbrookdale in 1767. When steam locomotives were introduced, starting in 1804, the track then in use proved too weak to carry the additional weight. Richard Trevithick 's pioneering locomotive at Pen-y-darren broke the plateway track and had to be withdrawn. As locomotives became more widespread in
828-415: A continuous reinforced concrete slab and the use of pre-cast pre-stressed concrete units laid on a base layer. Many permutations of design have been put forward. However, ballastless track has a high initial cost, and in the case of existing railroads the upgrade to such requires closure of the route for a long period. Its whole-life cost can be lower because of the reduction in maintenance. Ballastless track
966-481: A development of baulk road. Ladder track utilizes sleepers aligned along the same direction as the rails with rung-like gauge restraining cross members. Both ballasted and ballastless types exist. Modern track typically uses hot-rolled steel with a profile of an asymmetrical rounded I-beam . Unlike some other uses of iron and steel , railway rails are subject to very high stresses and have to be made of very high-quality steel alloy. It took many decades to improve
1104-553: A drama studio, hosting drama, concerts, opera and dance events. As of September 2003, the City of Salford has 6 Grade I, 14 Grade II*, and 253 Grade II listed buildings. The city has the equal second highest number of Grade I listed buildings out of the districts of Greater Manchester, behind Manchester. The Grade I listed buildings are the Church of St Augustine , the Parish Church of St Mary
1242-567: A gift of a carucate of land called Peneberi to Ellis son of Robert. He had made the grant when he was Count of Mortain (1189–99) and confirmed it when he became king in a deed signed at Le Mans in France. Ellis was described as Master Sergeant of Salford and a benefactor of Cockersand Abbey . In 1201 Pendlebury was linked to the manor of Shoresworth to the south (described as "one oxgang of land") before Shoreworth became part of Pendleton . The manors of Pendlebury and Shoresworth were held of
1380-745: A high rate of people who are permanently sick and disabled, 70% higher than the national average of 4.0%. In 2011, of 106,904 residents of the City of Salford in employment, the industry of employment was: 17.8% retail and wholesale; 7.6% manufacturing;13.7% health and social work; 8.7% education; 7.2% construction; 5.2% transport and storage; 6.6% accommodation and food service; 6.2% administrative and support services; 6.0% professional, scientific and technical; 5.1% public administration and defence; 4.4% financial and insurance; 3.4% information and communication; 1.6% real estate; 0.9% water supply and waste management; 0.6% energy supply; 0.1% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 0.1% mining and quarrying; and 4.7% other. This
1518-499: A loss of patronage in favour of nearby Salford Crescent, opened a few years earlier. All train services are provided by Northern , though First transpennine offer occasional services during peak hours. The Eccles line of the Manchester Metrolink runs through the City of Salford, with stations at Exchange Quay , Salford Quays , Anchorage , Harbour City , Broadway , Langworthy , Weaste , Ladywell and Eccles . The line
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#17328527869501656-516: A metropolitan borough since 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, and civil parishes that would later be constituent parts of the city. The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in the city of Salford. Salford is covered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford , and the Church of England Diocese of Manchester . During
1794-631: A mix of industrial and residential areas despite the closure of its mines and most of its cotton mills . In the 19th century the manufacture and printing of cottons were the principal industries of the town, although most of these industries have disappeared. The only mill left is the Newtown Mill on Lees Street. It was acquired by Vanguard Holdings Ltd in January 2008 and converted into a business centre. The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service ( Fire Brigade ) has its headquarters on Bolton Road, between
1932-694: A population of 278,064 in 2022, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton. Salford is the historic centre of the Salford Hundred an ancient subdivision of Lancashire. The City of Salford is the fifth-most populous district in Greater Manchester. The city's boundaries, set by the Local Government Act 1972 , include five former local government districts. It is bounded on
2070-482: A ridge overlooking the lower Irwell Valley , almost midway between Manchester and Bolton and is neighboured by Irlams o' th' Height , Pendleton and Clifton. Much of the boundary between Pendlebury and Clifton is defined by Slack Brook which was culverted many years ago after the area was used for landfill. Slack Brook eventually empties into the Irwell a short distance upstream from Agecroft Road Bridge (A6044). The surface of
2208-513: A setting chosen to be reminiscent of its original site at Agecroft near the River Irwell . The Langley name is remembered locally by having several streets, Langley Road, Langley Mill and Langley housing estate in Middleton named after the family. Agecroft Hall Estate is a recently built housing estate on Agecroft Road (A6044), named after the hall. Pendlebury saw extensive coal extraction until
2346-518: A shield flanked by two lions. The blue background with a gold chief is taken from the arms of the city council of the County Borough of Salford , who in turn took it from the colours of the Earl of Chester . The shuttle and five bees represent the industry of the area and five settlements who benefited from the textile industry. The ship is borrowed from the crest of Eccles Borough Council and represents
2484-505: A site alongside Manchester Royal Infirmary , in Manchester . At the junction of Bolton Road and Agecroft Road stands a stone cross with the inscription "Lest We Forget". Behind it is a stone wall on which is written: "This cross was erected by Andrew Knowles and Sons to the memory of the brave men from their collieries who laid down their lives for their country A.D. 1914–1918" Below the inscription are eight slate plaques inscribed with
2622-465: A temperature roughly midway between the extremes experienced at that location. (This is known as the "rail neutral temperature".) This installation procedure is intended to prevent tracks from buckling in summer heat or pulling apart in the winter cold. In North America, because broken rails are typically detected by interruption of the current in the signaling system, they are seen as less of a potential hazard than undetected heat kinks. Joints are used in
2760-524: A typical Victorian street, Lark Hill Place, which was built in 1957 using shop fronts that had been saved from demolition. At the southern edge of Salford lies The Lowry arts centre, on the waterfront of Salford Quays. Opened in 2000, it is named after the artist and houses the city's collection of Lowry artworks. Notable paintings on display there include Going to the Match (1953) and Industrial Landscape (1953). The building also contains two theatres and
2898-786: Is Hanging Bridge on the border with Manchester, dating to the 14th century, and an underground section of the Bridgewater Canal in Swinton built in 1759. Salford is home to a number of past and present rugby league teams. Founded in 1873, Salford Red Devils play in the Super League at the AJ Bell Stadium , in Barton, Salford. They are 6 times Champions and they won the Challenge Cup in 1938, and have experienced two previous stretches in
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#17328527869503036-716: Is 10 miles (16 km) away at Ringway , in Manchester; the mean highest and lowest temperatures (13.2 °C (55.8 °F) and 6.4 °C (43.5 °F)) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6 millimetres (31.76 in)) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages. The City of Salford is represented by Members of Parliament (MPs) for three constituencies, Salford by Rebecca Long-Bailey ( Labour ), Worsley and Eccles by Michael Wheeler (Labour), and Blackley and Middleton South by Graham Stringer (Labour). In 1974, Salford City Council
3174-451: Is 100 metres (330 ft) long and weighs 1,450 metric tons (1,427 long tons; 1,598 short tons). At the start of the 20th century, Salford began to decline due to competition from outside the UK. A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford were amongst the worst slums in the country. Salford was granted city status in 1926. During World War II, Salford Docks were regularly bombed. In
3312-462: Is 115 to 141 lb/yd (57 to 70 kg/m). In Europe, rail is graded in kilograms per metre and the usual range is 40 to 60 kg/m (81 to 121 lb/yd). The heaviest mass-produced rail was 155 pounds per yard (77 kg/m), rolled for the Pennsylvania Railroad . The rails used in rail transport are produced in sections of fixed length. Rail lengths are made as long as possible, as
3450-408: Is a manual process requiring a reaction crucible and form to contain the molten iron. North American practice is to weld 1 ⁄ 4 -mile-long (400 m) segments of rail at a rail facility and load it on a special train to carry it to the job site. This train is designed to carry many segments of rail which are placed so they can slide off their racks to the rear of the train and be attached to
3588-623: Is an amateur football team that has played in the Manchester Football League since 1989. They were founded in 1969 as Mitchell Shackleton Football Club and changed their name in 2006. Salford City F.C. was founded in 1940 and play in the Football League Two . Monton & Weaste C.C. and Clifton C.C. have played in the Central Lancashire Cricket League since 2005 and 2006 respectively. Walkden play in
3726-504: Is bounded to the north by the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton and Metropolitan Borough of Bury . To the south by the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford and to the west by the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan . Manchester lies directly across the river from Salford. The natural mossland of Chat Moss lies in the south western corner of the city; it covers an area of about 10.6 square miles (27.5 km ), accounting for about 30% of
3864-488: Is cracking around the bolt holes, which can lead to breaking of the rail head (the running surface). This was the cause of the Hither Green rail crash which caused British Railways to begin converting much of its track to continuous welded rail. Where track circuits exist for signalling purposes, insulated block joints are required. These compound the weaknesses of ordinary joints. Specially-made glued joints, where all
4002-498: Is devoted to the history of Salford and Victorian art and architecture. The Salford collection includes works by artists such as Christian Ludwig Bokelmann , Charles Landseer and Thomas Henry Illidge , and ceramics from Pilkington's Lancastrian Pottery & Tiles . Its extensive collection of artworks by the Salford-born painter L. S. Lowry was transferred to The Lowry in 2000. The museum also contains an indoor re-creation of
4140-459: Is graded by its linear density , that is, its mass over a standard length. Heavier rail can support greater axle loads and higher train speeds without sustaining damage than lighter rail, but at a greater cost. In North America and the United Kingdom, rail is graded in pounds per yard (usually shown as pound or lb ), so 130-pound rail would weigh 130 lb/yd (64 kg/m). The usual range
4278-594: Is home to Salford Red Devils and Sale Sharks rugby union team. Swinton Lions were founded in 1866 and play in the Championship at heywood road sale. They won the Rugby Football League Championship six times between 1927 and 1964, before it was superseded by Super League. They have also won the Challenge Cup three times between 1900 and 1928. Broughton Rangers were founded in 1877 and won
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4416-490: Is largely due to the multitude of high-rise blocks in Salford. Collier has proposed that they have a "dramatic influence on the region's weather patterns", and may contribute to the 8 °C (14 °F) temperature difference between Salford and its surrounding countryside. There are three Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the city. The oldest is an Iron Age promontory fort occupied from 500 BC–200 AD. Also scheduled
4554-584: Is now home to the Agecroft Commerce Park. The Kearsley , Clifton, Pendlebury and Pendleton Miners' Association was established in 1888 and became the Pendlebury Branch of the National Union of Mineworkers in 1959. With the decline of the industry, the once popular Pendlebury Miners' Club (at the top of Temple Drive, Swinton) was demolished in the 1990s. Pendlebury was formerly a township in
4692-402: Is scarce and where tonnage or speeds are high. Steel is used in some applications. The track ballast is customarily crushed stone, and the purpose of this is to support the sleepers and allow some adjustment of their position, while allowing free drainage. A disadvantage of traditional track structures is the heavy demand for maintenance, particularly surfacing (tamping) and lining to restore
4830-456: Is starting to paint rails white to lower the peak temperatures reached in summer days. After new segments of rail are laid, or defective rails replaced (welded-in), the rails can be artificially stressed if the temperature of the rail during laying is cooler than what is desired. The stressing process involves either heating the rails, causing them to expand, or stretching the rails with hydraulic equipment. They are then fastened (clipped) to
4968-426: Is the main road link between Swinton (A6) and Pendlebury (A666). The remaining section of Swinton Hall Road, between the Swinton parish boundary (near junction with Temple Drive) and Station Road, was known as Jane Lane. The site of the demolished Agecroft Power Station is occupied by Forest Bank Prison . Development of the site of the former Agecroft Colliery into an industrial park has provided some employment in
5106-754: Is to bolt them together using metal fishplates (jointbars in the US), producing jointed track . For more modern usage, particularly where higher speeds are required, the lengths of rail may be welded together to form continuous welded rail (CWR). Jointed track is made using lengths of rail, usually around 20 m (66 ft) long (in the UK) and 39 or 78 ft (12 or 24 m) long (in North America), bolted together using perforated steel plates known as fishplates (UK) or joint bars (North America). Fishplates are usually 600 mm (2 ft) long, used in pairs either side of
5244-462: Is undergoing £150M of redevelopment through investment in new facilities, including a £10M law school and a £22M building for health and social care which were opened in 2006. In 2007, the drop out rate from the university was 25%. Of the students graduating, 50% gained first class or 2:1 degrees, which is below the national average of about 55%. The city of Salford is served by nine railway stations on four routes. Eccles and Patricroft are on
5382-435: Is usually considered for new very high speed or very high loading routes, in short extensions that require additional strength (e.g. railway stations), or for localised replacement where there are exceptional maintenance difficulties, for example in tunnels. Most rapid transit lines and rubber-tyred metro systems use ballastless track. Early railways (c. 1840s) experimented with continuous bearing railtrack, in which
5520-741: The Bolton Cricket League . Little Hulton play in the Bolton and District Cricket Association. Winton and Worsley play in the Manchester and District Cricket Association. Overall, Salford was ranked 75th out of all the Local Education Authorities (LEAs) – and seventh in Greater Manchester – in National Curriculum assessment performance in 2007. Unauthorised absences and authorised absences from Salford secondary schools in 2006–07 were 2.0% and 7.0% respectively, both higher than
5658-599: The Church of St Philip in Salford , and the United Reformed Church. Salford Docks (also called Manchester Docks) were opened by Queen Victoria in 1894, providing docks in Manchester and Salford for the Manchester Ship Canal which linked Manchester to the sea. During the 1970s, the docks fell into decline as they proved too small for new, larger ships, and when they were abandoned in 1982 over 3,000 people lost their jobs. Salford City Council purchased
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5796-614: The Dissolution of the Monasteries . A 16th-century manor house , called Kersal Cell , was built on the site of the priory. In the English Civil War between King Charles I and parliament , Salford was Royalist . Salford was also noted as Jacobite territory; its inhabitants supported Charles Edward Stuart 's claim to the Kingdom of Great Britain and hosted him when he rode through
5934-489: The London, Midland and Scottish Railway pioneered the conversion to flat-bottomed rail in Britain, though earlier lines had made some use of it. Jointed rails were used at first because contemporary technology did not offer any alternative. However, the intrinsic weakness in resisting vertical loading results in the ballast becoming depressed and a heavy maintenance workload is imposed to prevent unacceptable geometrical defects at
6072-680: The Super League , 1997–2002 and 2004–2007. In 2008 they won the Northern Rail Cup beating Doncaster 60–0 in the Final at Blackpool. They previously won the same trophy in 2003. They also won the National League 1 Grand Final in 2008, beating Celtic Crusaders after extra time in Warrington. Construction on a new 20,000 seat £35 million pound stadium was complete in 2012. Now named the AJ Bell stadium it
6210-496: The centre of Manchester , joining the rivers Irk and Medlock . Turning west, it meets the Mersey south of Irlam , where the route of the river was altered in the late 19th century to form part of the course of the Manchester Ship Canal . The ship canal, opened in 1894, forms part of Salford's southern boundaries with Trafford . The city's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The nearest weather station
6348-527: The miners' cathedral because of its lofty appearance and because many local men were colliers. The churchyard contains a memorial to 178 men and boys who died in a disaster at Clifton Hall Colliery on 18 June 1885. 64 victims are buried at St Augustine's. In May 2006, the church became the focal point of a campaign by English Heritage to save 19 places of worship in Greater Manchester from falling into dilapidation. The Royal Manchester Children's Hospital built in 1873 closed in 2009 and its functions moved to
6486-549: The municipal borough of Swinton and Pendlebury . Pendlebury saw extensive coal extraction from several collieries until the closure of Agecroft Colliery in the 1990s. Pendlebury is formed from the Celtic pen meaning hill and burh a settlement. The township was variously recorded as Penelbiri, Pennilbure, Pennebire and Pennesbyry in the 13th century, Penilburi in 1300, Penulbury in 1332; Penhulbury in 1358, Pendulbury in 1561 and Pendlebury after 1567. In 1199 King John confirmed
6624-537: The 1810s and 1820s, engineers built rigid track formations, with iron rails mounted on stone sleepers, and cast-iron chairs holding them in place. This proved to be a mistake, and was soon replaced with flexible track structures that allowed a degree of elastic movement as trains passed over them. Traditionally, tracks are constructed using flat-bottomed steel rails laid on and spiked or screwed into timber or pre-stressed concrete sleepers (known as ties in North America), with crushed stone ballast placed beneath and around
6762-531: The 1888–89 season still stands as a club record. Pendlebury Coyotes won the amateur World Championship in inline hockey at under-21 level in 2006 and were runners-up in the World Championship at senior level. Pendlebury was home to the painter L. S. Lowry (1887–1976), who lived at 117 Station Road from 1909 to 1948, after his parents moved from Victoria Park in Manchester when he was 22. Here Lowry produced many of his famous works, drawing inspiration from
6900-463: The 2016–17 financial year, the council's income is expected to consist of £65M including council tax and efficiency savings. The net expenditure is therefore expected to be £202M. A Comprehensive Area Assessment by the Audit Commission in 2009 found that Salford's key priorities are improving health, reducing crime, helping young people achieve A-level qualifications, social services, including
7038-415: The 20th century, rail track used softwood timber sleepers and jointed rails, and a considerable amount of this track remains on secondary and tertiary routes. In North America and Australia, flat-bottomed rails were typically fastened to the sleepers with dog spikes through a flat tie plate. In Britain and Ireland, bullhead rails were carried in cast-iron chairs which were spiked to the sleepers. In 1936,
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#17328527869507176-627: The Blue Ribbon field off Pendlebury Road. St. John the Evangelist churchyard is the burial place of Geoff Bent , one of the Busby Babes from Manchester United F.C. , who perished in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958. St John's is also the burial place of Jim Valentine , captain of Swinton Rugby Club, an England rugby union international in the late Victorian era. His 48 tries for The Lions in
7314-801: The Mill (1930); his picture Pendlebury Scene shows an aspect of the Acme Mill from George Street, both now demolished; and in 1953, Lowry painted The Railway Platform , a scene of railway passengers standing on the platform at Pendlebury railway station . Actor Ben Kingsley , born in 1943 in Snainton, North Riding of Yorkshire , grew up in Pendlebury and was educated at the Manchester Grammar School . Kingsley lived in an adjacent house to Lowry's former home on Station Road. Television scriptwriter Tony Warren
7452-556: The Quays to the rest of Greater Manchester. Railway tracks A railway track ( British English and UIC terminology ) or railroad track ( American English ), also known as a train track or permanent way (often " perway " in Australia or " P Way " in Britain and India), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails , fasteners , railroad ties (sleepers, British English) and ballast (or slab track ), plus
7590-524: The Rugby League Challenge Cup in the 1901–02 and 1910–11 seasons. The club folded in 1955, but were reformed as a local amateur club in 2007 with the support of Salford Red Devils. At amateur level, the city is represented in rugby league by the Langworthy Reds . They are the oldest amateur rugby league club in Salford. Also in Salford are several football and cricket teams. Irlam F.C.
7728-502: The United Kingdom, lower than the national average of 13.8%. The largest minority group was recorded as Asian, at 4.1% of the population. The number of theft from a vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per 1,000 of the population was 21.3 and 7.9 compared to the English national average of 7.6 and 2.9 respectively. The number of sexual offences was 1.1 compared to the average of 0.9. The national average of violence against another person
7866-612: The Virgin , St Mark's Church , Ordsall Hall , Wardley Hall , and a bridge over the River Irwell. Salford Cathedral , built in 1845, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford and a Grade II* listed building. Most of Salford's tallest buildings are mid-20th century residential tower blocks or 21st century high rise apartments. A study by Christopher Collier of the University of Salford suggested that Manchester's drizzly climate
8004-677: The Virgin , in Eccles , was originally built in the 13th century but was expanded in the 15th. A church has been on the site since at least the 12th century. St Mark's Church, Worsley was built in 1846 by George Gilbert Scott . The six Grade II* listed churches are the Church of St Andrew in Eccles, the Cathedral Church of St John , the Church of St Luke in Pendleton, Monton Unitarian Church in Monton ,
8142-455: The administrative headquarters of the enlarged Salford City Council . The Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury was amalgamated into the City of Salford in 1974 as a result of local government reforms . In terms of parliamentary representation, the town was until 2010 part of the Eccles constituency . Since then it has been part of the Salford and Eccles constituency . Pendlebury is situated on
8280-680: The area around the University of Salford . Salford Red Devils are a professional rugby league club in Super League and Salford City F.C. is a professional football club in League Two . Although the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford was a 20th-century creation, the area has a long history of human activity, extending back to the Stone Age . Neolithic flint arrow-heads and tools, and evidence of Bronze Age activity has been discovered in Salford . The northerly section of Watling Street ,
8418-535: The area during the Jacobite rising of 1745 . During the Industrial Revolution , Salford grew as a result of the textile industry. Although Salford experienced an increase in population, it was overshadowed by the dominance of Manchester and did not evolve as a commercial centre in the same way. On 15 September 1830, Eccles was site of the world's first railway accident. During a stop in Eccles to take on water, William Huskisson , Member of Parliament for Liverpool, had his leg crushed by Stephenson's Rocket ; at
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#17328527869508556-593: The boars are from the crest of Irlam Urban District . Beneath the shield is a scroll reading salus populi suprema lex , Latin for "the welfare of the people is the highest law". In 2017–18, Salford City Council agreed to spend £267 million. They agreed an estimated £79M on children's services (30%); £56M on community health and social care (21%); £40M on levies and charges (15%); £39M on environment and community safety (14%); £36M and on capital financing (13%); £9M on corporate business (3%); £7M on regeneration (3%); and £2M on public health, reform and commissioning (1%). For
8694-400: The bolt heads on the same side of the rail. Small gaps which function as expansion joints are deliberately left between the rail ends to allow for expansion of the rails in hot weather. European practice was to have the rail joints on both rails adjacent to each other, while North American practice is to stagger them. Because of these small gaps, when trains pass over jointed tracks they make
8832-484: The city centre, Pendleton , Weaste , Claremont , Langworthy , Broughton , Kersal, Ordsall and Seedley . The city is entirely unparished and absorbed the municipal boroughs of Eccles and Swinton and Pendlebury and the urban districts of Irlam and Worsley . An urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area. Since 2012, in addition to the long-existing and largely ceremonial, annually appointed civic mayor of Salford ,
8970-420: The city consists of rural open space. The western half of the city stretches across an ancient peat bog , Chat Moss . Salford has a history of human activity stretching back to the Mesolithic age. There are over 250 listed buildings in the city, including Salford Cathedral , and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments . With the Industrial Revolution , Salford and its neighboring settlements grew alongside
9108-422: The city has also had a directly elected mayor . There are 60 councillors representing 20 wards. Swinton and Walkden have six councillors each. The district is divided into two areas (Central Salford and Salford West) for some purposes including planning, regeneration and housing. The coat of arms of Salford City Council depicts a weaving shuttle surrounded by five bees with a three masted ship above, on
9246-416: The city's area, and lies 75 feet (23 m) above sea level . The moss makes up the largest area of prime farmland in Greater Manchester. Kersal Moor is an area of moorland spanning 8 hectares (20 acres) in Kersal; it is a local nature reserve and a Site of Biological Importance . Greenspace accounts for 55.7% of the City of Salford's total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 20.0%, and
9384-410: The city, such as Broughton Park , parts of Kersal, Ellesmere Park , Worsley, parts of Swinton and Pendlebury and the ultra-modern Salford Quays . At the 2011 UK census, Salford had 173,117 residents aged 16 to 74. 4.7% of these people were students with jobs, 4.1% looking after home or family, 6.9% permanently sick or disabled and 2.9% economically inactive for other reasons. The City of Salford has
9522-518: The closure of Agecroft Colliery in the 1990s. Wheatsheaf Colliery was on Bolton Road between Carrington Street and City Walk on what is now the Wheatsheaf Industrial Estate and Newtown Colliery (on the Clifton/Newtown, Pendlebury boundary, bounded by Manchester Road/Bolton Road (A666), Billy Lane, Rake Lane and the pit lodge ('the Dam'), which later became known as "Queensmere"). Agecroft Colliery reopened in 1960 following an investment of £9,000,000 and seven years of establishment works. Agecroft stood on
9660-490: The coal from the collieries; many of these set up tramway links to the canal. Coal was taken to Bolton, Bury , Radcliffe and Salford, and across the River Irwell to Manchester. In 1905, over half a million tons of coal a year was carried. Lengths of the canal subsided due to mining subsidence; maps from 1881 to 1882 show areas of coal under the canal were bought by the canal company to safeguard it from subsidence. The canal became disused after 1924 and closed in 1961, though coal
9798-402: The continuous welded rail when necessary, usually for signal circuit gaps. Instead of a joint that passes straight across the rail, the two rail ends are sometimes cut at an angle to give a smoother transition. In extreme cases, such as at the end of long bridges, a breather switch (referred to in North America and Britain as an expansion joint ) gives a smooth path for the wheels while allowing
9936-469: The council and external partners, to restore the unused central burial chapel which has fallen into a state of disrepair. The architectural highlight of the town is the Grade I listed Gothic style High Anglican St Augustine's Church , designed by the 19th century architect George Frederick Bodley between 1871 and 1874. It is one of six Grade I listed buildings in the City of Salford. The church became known as
10074-517: The decades following the Second World War there was a significant economic and population decline in Salford. In 1961 a small part of Eccles was added to the city. On 1 April 1974, the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 , and was replaced by the metropolitan borough of City of Salford, one of ten local government districts in the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester . The city status of
10212-440: The desired track geometry and smoothness of vehicle running. Weakness of the subgrade and drainage deficiencies also lead to heavy maintenance costs. This can be overcome by using ballastless track. In its simplest form this consists of a continuous slab of concrete (like a highway structure) with the rails supported directly on its upper surface (using a resilient pad). There are a number of proprietary systems; variations include
10350-517: The docks in 1984 and since then they underwent regeneration as a centre of tourism in Salford, which included the construction of the Lowry Centre . More than 10,000 people are employed in the Quays in jobs such as retail, construction, and e-commerce. In 2007, it was confirmed that the BBC would be moving five of its departments to a new development on Pier 9 of Salford Quays, called MediaCityUK . The move
10488-478: The east and north, and Irlams o' th' Height and Pendlebury on the west. Building probably began towards the end of the reign of Henry VII . In 1666, of the thirty-five hearths liable for tax in Pendlebury, Agecroft Hall the only large house had eleven hearths. At the end of the 19th century, industrialisation swept through the Irwell Valley. Collieries were sunk around Agecroft Hall, railway tracks cut across
10626-440: The end of one rail to expand relative to the next rail. A sleeper (tie or crosstie) is a rectangular object on which the rails are supported and fixed. The sleeper has two main roles: to transfer the loads from the rails to the track ballast and the ground underneath, and to hold the rails to the correct width apart (to maintain the rail gauge ). They are generally laid transversely to the rails. Various methods exist for fixing
10764-428: The gaps are filled with epoxy resin , increase the strength again. As an alternative to the insulated joint, audio frequency track circuits can be employed using a tuned loop formed in approximately 20 m (66 ft) of the rail as part of the blocking circuit. Some insulated joints are unavoidable within turnouts. Another alternative is an axle counter , which can reduce the number of track circuits and thus
10902-465: The importance of waterways to the city. The ship is flanked by two millrinds – the iron centres of millstones – symbolising engineering. The lions are taken from the crest of the Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury; they are wearing iron steel chain representing engineering. The shield is topped by a griffin carrying a pennon depicting three boars' heads. The griffin is taken from the crest of Eccles and
11040-506: The industrial scenes about him. It has been reported that, having missed a train from Pendlebury railway station , Lowry encountered the changing of shifts at Acme Mill and marvelled at the spectacle – this being the moment he decided that industrial scenes were fitting for further work. Aspects of the locality appear in many of Lowry's paintings; elements of the Acme Mill can be seen in Coming from
11178-474: The iron came loose, began to curl, and intruded into the floors of the coaches. The iron strap rail coming through the floors of the coaches came to be referred to as "snake heads" by early railroaders. The Deeside Tramway in North Wales used this form of rail. It opened around 1870 and closed in 1947, with long sections still using these rails. It was one of the last uses of iron-topped wooden rails. Rail
11316-402: The joints between rails are a source of weakness. Throughout the history of rail production, lengths have increased as manufacturing processes have improved. The following are lengths of single sections produced by steel mills , without any thermite welding . Shorter rails may be welded with flashbutt welding , but the following rail lengths are unwelded. Welding of rails into longer lengths
11454-440: The joints. The joints also needed to be lubricated, and wear at the fishplate (joint bar) mating surfaces needed to be rectified by shimming. For this reason jointed track is not financially appropriate for heavily operated railroads. Timber sleepers are of many available timbers, and are often treated with creosote , chromated copper arsenate , or other wood preservatives. Pre-stressed concrete sleepers are often used where timber
11592-508: The junctions with Agecroft Road and Hospital Road. Acme Mill was situated south of the Manchester-Wigan railway line on the eastern side Swinton Hall Road. It was demolished in the 1980s to make way for a small housing estate. Swinton Hall Road, between its junction with Bolton Road and the Swinton parish boundary, was originally called Bury Lane, and should not be confused with the original name of Station Road (B5231) – Burying Lane – which
11730-436: The jury of his title to the manor. Ellis had a brother, William and daughters Maud, Lettice and Beatrice. Maud married Adam son of Alexander de Pilkington of Pilkington , and had a daughter Cecily. The manor was sold before 1300 to Adam de Prestwich . The new lord of Pendlebury married Alice de Woolley daughter of Richard son of Henry de Pontefract , the eventual heir was his daughter Alice, wife of Jordan de Tetlow. Her heir
11868-436: The king in thegnage by a rent of 12 shillings in 1212. Ellis died in or about 1216, and his son Adam succeeded to his manor and serjeanty . In 1274 Ellis, son of Roger came to a violent death, and Amabel, his widow claimed dower in various lands against Roger de Pendlebury. A short time afterwards, Amabel having received her dower , she and Roger de Pendlebury had to defend a suit brought by Adam de Pendlebury, who satisfied
12006-579: The land slopes generally upwards from southwest (Swinton) to northeast (Irwell Valley), from about 120 feet (40 m) to nearly 300 feet (90 m) above the ordnance datum. However, the topography of the land around Lumn's Lane has changed due to the dumping of mining waste from the former collieries and the area has been used as a landfill site by the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority since 1982, taking ten percent of Greater Manchester's waste each year. The town has
12144-559: The manor and a dirty lake formed on the edge of the estate. The house fell into disrepair and was sold at auction in 1925 to Mr and Mrs Thomas C Williams. The structure was dismantled, crated, shipped across the Atlantic , and painstakingly reassembled in Windsor Farms , Richmond, Virginia , United States. Agecroft Hall is re-created as a tourist attraction on the banks of the James River , in
12282-863: The mid- to late-20th century used rails 39 feet (11.9 m) long so they could be carried in gondola cars ( open wagons ), often 40 feet (12.2 m) long; as gondola sizes increased, so did rail lengths. According to the Railway Gazette International the planned-but-cancelled 150-kilometre rail line for the Baffinland Iron Mine , on Baffin Island , would have used older carbon steel alloys for its rails, instead of more modern, higher performance alloys, because modern alloy rails can become brittle at very low temperatures. Early North American railroads used iron on top of wooden rails as an economy measure but gave up this method of construction after
12420-468: The mid-19th century, there was an influx of Irish people into the Salford area, largely due to the famine in Ireland. In 1848, Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral was consecrated, reflecting Salford's large Irish-born community at the time. Of Salford's six Grade I listed buildings, three are churches. St Augustine's Church, Pendlebury , was built in 1874 by George Frederick Bodley . The Church of St Mary
12558-587: The names of 24 men who worked for Andrew Knowles and Sons . The former home of Swinton RLFC , Station Road , which held numerous internationals and major rugby league matches before its closure in 1992, was located in Pendlebury. Swinton announced its intention to return to a site adjacent to Agecroft Road, Pendlebury, currently known as Agecroft Farm in August 2006. Langworthy ARLFC has been based in Pendlebury, at Rabbit Hills playing fields on Bolton Road, for over 20 years, whilst local rivals Folly Lane ARLFC operate on
12696-496: The national average (1.4% and 6.4%). In 2007, the Salford LEA was ranked 127th out of 149 in the country – and ninth in Greater Manchester – based on the percentage of pupils attaining at least 5 A*–C grades at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) including maths and English (37.8% compared with the national average of 46.7%). In 2007, Beis Yaakov High School was the most successful school in Salford at GCSE, with 90% of
12834-511: The national average of 10.6%, and the percentage of married couples was also below the national average of 33.2%; the proportion of one person households was higher than the national average of 30.3%. The population density was 24.1 persons per hectare (Salford covers 9,719 hectares), 117,151 (50.1%) female, and 116,782 (49.9%) male. Of those aged 16–74 in Salford, 27.1% had no academic qualifications , significantly higher than 22.5% in all of England. 11.8% of Salford's residents were born outside
12972-424: The new district was confirmed by additional letters patent issued on the same day. Since the early 1990s, the decline has slowed. Prior to the metropolitan borough's creation, the name Salford for the new local government district courted controversy. Salford was "thought second-class by those in Eccles", who preferred the new name "Irwell" for the district (with reference to the River Irwell ). A councillor for
13110-469: The northern route of the Liverpool to Manchester Line , while Irlam , in the southwest of the borough, is on the southern route. Clifton is on the line to Bolton and Preston ; Swinton , Moorside and Walkden are on the Manchester to Southport Line via Wigan; and Salford Central and Salford Crescent are served by both routes. A station at Pendleton was closed in 1998 after suffering fire damage and
13248-620: The number of insulated rail joints required. Most modern railways use continuous welded rail (CWR), sometimes referred to as ribbon rails or seamless rails . In this form of track, the rails are welded together by utilising flash butt welding to form one continuous rail that may be several kilometres long. Because there are few joints, this form of track is very strong, gives a smooth ride, and needs less maintenance; trains can travel on it at higher speeds and with less friction. Welded rails are more expensive to lay than jointed tracks, but have much lower maintenance costs. The first welded track
13386-404: The outside of sharp curves compared to the rails on the inside. Rails can be supplied pre-drilled with boltholes for fishplates or without where they will be welded into place. There are usually two or three boltholes at each end. Rails are produced in fixed lengths and need to be joined end-to-end to make a continuous surface on which trains may run. The traditional method of joining the rails
13524-498: The parish of Eccles, in 1866 Pendlebury became a separate civil parish , 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished to form Swinton and Pendlebury . In 1931 the parish had a population of 9335. Pendlebury was joined with Swinton in 1875 to form a local board of health area and was later governed by the Swinton and Pendlebury Urban District Council . Incorporation of Clifton into the Municipal Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury
13662-415: The park. The new borough council required larger premises and launched a competition to design a new town hall. The winners were architects Sir Percy Thomas and Ernest Prestwich. The site of Swinton Industrial Schools on Chorley Road in Swinton was purchased for £12,500 and the foundation stone of the new town hall laid on 17 October 1936. It opened on 17 September 1938 and since 1 April 1974 has been
13800-420: The pupils gaining five or more GCSEs at A*–C grade including maths and English. Bridgewater School was the most successful at A–level. The University of Salford is one of four universities in Greater Manchester and was ranked 81st by The Times . It has over 19,000 students and a 69.7% level of student satisfaction. In 2007, the university received nearly 17,000 applications for 3,660 places. The university
13938-423: The quality of the materials, including the change from iron to steel. The stronger the rails and the rest of the trackwork, the heavier and faster the trains the track can carry. Other profiles of rail include: bullhead rail ; grooved rail ; flat-bottomed rail (Vignoles rail or flanged T-rail); bridge rail (inverted U–shaped used in baulk road ); and Barlow rail (inverted V). North American railroads until
14076-738: The rail by special clips that resist longitudinal movement of the rail. There is no theoretical limit to how long a welded rail can be. However, if longitudinal and lateral restraint are insufficient, the track could become distorted in hot weather and cause a derailment. Distortion due to heat expansion is known in North America as sun kink , and elsewhere as buckling. In extreme hot weather special inspections are required to monitor sections of track known to be problematic. In North American practice, extreme temperature conditions will trigger slow orders to allow for crews to react to buckling or "sun kinks" if encountered. The German railway company Deutsche Bahn
14214-425: The rail ends and bolted together (usually four, but sometimes six bolts per joint). The bolts have alternating orientations so that in the event of a derailment and a wheel flange striking the joint, only some of the bolts will be sheared, reducing the likelihood of the rails misaligning with each other and exacerbating the derailment. This technique is not applied universally; European practice being to have all
14352-494: The rail to the sleeper. Historically, spikes gave way to cast iron chairs fixed to the sleeper. More recently, springs (such as Pandrol clips ) are used to fix the rail to the sleeper chair. Sometimes rail tracks are designed to be portable and moved from one place to another as required. During construction of the Panama Canal , tracks were moved around excavation works. These track gauge were 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ) and
14490-630: The rail was supported along its length, with examples including Brunel's baulk road on the Great Western Railway , as well as use on the Newcastle and North Shields Railway , on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to a design by John Hawkshaw , and elsewhere. Continuous-bearing designs were also promoted by other engineers. The system was tested on the Baltimore and Ohio railway in the 1840s, but
14628-580: The rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings. To the south of Salford are the docks of Salford Quays , now home to the MediaCityUK . MediaCityUK is a large area that crosses the boundary into Trafford Park , Trafford . Although Salford Quays is in the City of Salford and has created job opportunities and more housing since the 2010s when it was built. The River Irwell runs south east through Kearsley , Clifton and Agecroft then meanders around Lower Broughton and Kersal , Salford Crescent and
14766-549: The rolling stock full size. Portable tracks have often been used in open pit mines. In 1880 in New York City , sections of heavy portable track (along with much other improvised technology) helped in the move of the ancient obelisk in Central Park to its final location from the dock where it was unloaded from the cargo ship SS Dessoug . Cane railways often had permanent tracks for the main lines, with portable tracks serving
14904-517: The site of Lumn's Colliery which had an unusual arrangement of winding gear concealed in three huge towers – the tallest of which was 174 feet (53 m) high and which was abandoned in 1932. After 1947 Agecroft Colliery sent much of its coal to the CEGB 's Agecroft Power Station , via a conveyor belt system that crossed a bridge over Agecroft Road. Mining finished in 1990, and the Agecroft Colliery site
15042-426: The sleepers in their expanded form. This process ensures that the rail will not expand much further in subsequent hot weather. In cold weather the rails try to contract, but because they are firmly fastened, cannot do so. In effect, stressed rails are a bit like a piece of stretched elastic firmly fastened down. In extremely cold weather, rails are heated to prevent "pull aparts". CWR is laid (including fastening) at
15180-407: The sleepers. Most modern railroads with heavy traffic use continuously welded rails that are attached to the sleepers with base plates that spread the load. When concrete sleepers are used, a plastic or rubber pad is usually placed between the rail and the tie plate. Rail is usually attached to the sleeper with resilient fastenings, although cut spikes are widely used in North America. For much of
15318-439: The southeast by the River Irwell , which forms part of its boundary with Manchester to the east, and by the Manchester Ship Canal to the south, which forms its boundary with Trafford . The metropolitan boroughs of Wigan , Bolton , and Bury lie to the west, northwest, and north respectively. Some parts of the city, which lies directly west of Manchester, are highly industrialised and densely populated, but around one-third of
15456-410: The textile industry. The former County Borough of Salford was granted city status in 1926 and thus making it the second city in Greater Manchester after neighbouring Manchester. The city and its industries experienced a decline throughout much of the 20th century. Since the 1990s, parts of Salford have undergone regeneration, especially Salford Quays , home of BBC North and Granada Television , and
15594-414: The then City and County Borough of Salford objected to this suggestion, stating this label was nothing but "a dirty stinking river". The name Irwell won 8 votes to Salford's 7, but a private protest and deliberation favoured Salford as the name for the new city, citing that the River Irwell would pass through two other Greater Manchester districts, and that it "doesn't touch Worsley ". The City of Salford
15732-511: The ties (sleepers) in a continuous operation. If not restrained, rails would lengthen in hot weather and shrink in cold weather. To provide this restraint, the rail is prevented from moving in relation to the sleeper by use of clips or anchors. Attention needs to be paid to compacting the ballast effectively, including under, between, and at the ends of the sleepers, to prevent the sleepers from moving. Anchors are more common for wooden sleepers, whereas most concrete or steel sleepers are fastened to
15870-502: The time he was in conversation with the Duke of Wellington , who was opening the railway, and did not get out of the way of the train in time. Although Huskisson was taken to Eccles for treatment he died of his injuries. The six-foot-tall Oglala Sioux tribesman, "Surrounded By the Enemy", died here from a bronchial infection at age twenty-two in 1887 during a tour of Buffalo Bill 's Wild West Show and
16008-638: The town. Pendlebury is the starting point of the A666 Bolton Road, which runs through the district from its junction with the A6/A580 at the Pendlebury/Irlams o' th' Height boundary. It was the main route between Manchester and Bolton before the opening of the M61 motorway . The Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal opened in 1809 and, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, provided the main means of transporting
16146-546: The underlying subgrade . It enables trains to move by providing a dependable surface for their wheels to roll upon. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers; since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel. The first railway in Britain was the Wollaton Wagonway , built in 1603 between Wollaton and Strelley in Nottinghamshire. It used wooden rails and
16284-454: The views of minority groups, improving skills and "making Salford a cleaner and more attractive place to live". At the 2011 UK census , the City of Salford had a total population of 233,933. Of the 103,556 households in Salford, 25.4% were married or same-sex civil partnership couples living together, 36.4% were one-person households, 11.2% were co-habiting couples and 13.5% were lone parents. The figures for lone parent households were above
16422-427: The void. The line never reopened and much of its length is now a recreational footpath. The 45-acre (18 ha) Northern or Agecroft Cemetery opened on 2 July 1903 by the County Borough of Salford (outside its boundaries) on the flood plain between Langley Road and the River Irwell by the border with Kersal . A crematorium was opened in the nonconformist burial chapel in 1957. A fund has been launched, supported by
16560-411: Was 16.7 compared to the Salford average of 27.2. The figures for crime statistics were all recorded during the 2006/7 financial year. Although all were above the averages for England, Salford's crime rate was lower than Manchester's. The table below details the population change since 1801, including the percentage change since the last available census data. Although the City of Salford has existed as
16698-531: Was a result of the abolition of the predecessor, Barton-upon-Irwell Urban District . Swinton and Pendlebury was a municipal borough of the administrative county of Lancashire, which contained Pendlebury, Swinton and Clifton. It received a Charter of Incorporation from the 18th Earl of Derby on 29 September 1934 at a ceremony in Victoria Park , Swinton when council meetings were held in Victoria House in
16836-591: Was afterwards held with Prestwich, descending in the Coke family until about 1780, when it was sold to Peter Drinkwater of Irwell House, Prestwich. Agecroft Hall , the Tudor home of the Lord of the Manor of Pendlebury, stood on rising ground on the west side of the River Irwell, where it flows southwards towards Salford and Manchester between the high ground of Kersal and Prestwich to
16974-569: Was also sited on this line for over 80 years, until its closure on Saturday 1 October 1960 by British Railways due to low usage. Irlams o' th' Height railway station , in the eastern extremity of the borough, was closed for similar reasons four years earlier. Pendlebury was on a line between Patricroft , on the Manchester to Liverpool line , and Clifton Junction , until the Black Harry Tunnel collapse of 1953; this caused five deaths when two houses from Temple Drive in Swinton collapsed into
17112-414: Was assessed by the Audit Commission and judged to be "improving well" in providing services for local people. Overall the council was awarded "three star" status meaning it was "performing well" and "consistently above minimum requirements", similar to 46% of all local authorities. The metropolitan borough of the City of Salford is based on the former County Borough of the City of Salford which included
17250-529: Was born in Wilton Avenue in Pendlebury in 1936. He is best known as the creator of the award-winning soap opera Coronation Street , one of the longest-running television programmes in the UK. Manchester United 's Ryan Giggs grew up in Beverley Road in Pendlebury, after moving from South Wales with his family when his father Danny Wilson switched rugby codes to sign for Swinton R.L.F.C. In 2009 Giggs
17388-509: Was buried at Brompton Cemetery . In 1894, the Manchester Ship Canal was opened, running from the River Mersey to Salford Quays ; when it was complete it was the largest navigation canal in the world. Along the route of the canal, it was necessary to create an aqueduct carrying the Bridgewater Canal over the Ship Canal. The Barton Swing Aqueduct , designed by Sir Edward Leader Williams ,
17526-455: Was completed in 2011. Finance and professional services, tourism and culture, and computer and internet based services have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Manchester and Salford. Average house prices in the City of Salford are sixth out of all the metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester, 7.6% lower than the average for the county. There are, however, areas of considerable affluence, within
17664-511: Was created to administer the newly formed local government district. Until 1986, it shared power with the Greater Manchester County Council . The council offices are in Swinton, in what was formerly Swinton and Pendlebury Town Hall. The Labour Party have been in control of the council since its formation in 1974. The council has a constitution detailing how they should operate in performing their duties. Salford City Council
17802-572: Was established in Kersal . The 12th century hundred of Salford was created as Salfordshire in the historic county of Lancashire and survived until the 19th century, when it was replaced by one of the first county boroughs in the country. Salford became a free borough in about 1230, when it was granted a charter as a free borough by the Earl Ranulph of Chester . The cell in Kersal was sold in 1540 during
17940-467: Was first introduced around 1893, making train rides quieter and safer. With the introduction of thermite welding after 1899, the process became less labour-intensive, and ubiquitous. Modern production techniques allowed the production of longer unwelded segments. Newer longer rails tend to be made as simple multiples of older shorter rails, so that old rails can be replaced without cutting. Some cutting would be needed as slightly longer rails are needed on
18078-432: Was found to be more expensive to maintain than rail with cross sleepers . This type of track still exists on some bridges on Network Rail where the timber baulks are called waybeams or longitudinal timbers. Generally the speed over such structures is low. Later applications of continuously supported track include Balfour Beatty 's 'embedded slab track', which uses a rounded rectangular rail profile (BB14072) embedded in
18216-480: Was granted the freedom of Salford. City of Salford Salford ( / ˈ s ɒ l f ər d / SOL -fərd ), also known as the City of Salford , is a metropolitan borough with city status in Greater Manchester , England. The borough is named after its main settlement, Salford , but covers a larger area which includes the towns of Eccles , Swinton , Walkden and Pendlebury . The borough had
18354-528: Was her daughter, Joan, who married Richard de Langley, and the manor descended with the Langleys until the end of the 16th century. Robert Langley died 19 September 1561, leaving four daughters as co-heirs. On the division of the estates, Agecroft, and lands in Pendlebury, became the portion of Anne, who married William Dauntesey, from Wiltshire . The manor of Pendlebury was claimed by the Daunteseys for some time, but
18492-408: Was opened in two stages, in 1999 and 2000, as Phase 2 of the system's development. In 2010 a new tram stop was opened at MediaCityUK, a 1 stop spur off the main Eccles line. Trams operate from here to Etihad Campus , sharing most of the route with the Eccles to Ashton line. Some Eccles and Ashton bound services also stop here, especially during peak hours. These lines provide good access for Eccles and
18630-521: Was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is less than half the national average, reflecting the city's suburban nature and its proximity to the centre of Manchester. JCDecaux UK has its Manchester office in the Metroplex Business Park in Salford. Salford Museum and Art Gallery is situated in Peel Park . Opened in 1850, the institution
18768-621: Was still carried for a short distance to Bury until 1968. A canal restoration society was founded in 1987 and persuaded Bury, Bolton and Salford councils to protect the line of the canal from development; restoration was announced by British Waterways in 2002. The nearest railway station is Swinton , which is actually located on the Pendlebury side of the boundary. It is sited on the Manchester to Southport Line between Wigan and Manchester Victoria . Northern Trains operates regular services to Manchester, Wigan North Western , Wigan Wallgate , Blackburn and Leeds . Pendlebury railway station
18906-475: Was the first of around 50 wooden-railed tramways built over the next 164 years. These early wooden tramways typically used rails of oak or beech, attached to wooden sleepers with iron or wooden nails. Gravel or small stones were packed around the sleepers to hold them in place and provide a walkway for the people or horses that moved wagons along the track. The rails were usually about 3 feet (0.91 m) long and were not joined - instead, adjacent rails were laid on
19044-500: Was used in Germany in 1924. and has become common on main lines since the 1950s. The preferred process of flash butt welding involves an automated track-laying machine running a strong electric current through the touching ends of two unjoined rails. The ends become white hot due to electrical resistance and are then pressed together forming a strong weld. Thermite welding is used to repair or splice together existing CWR segments. This
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