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101-593: Paulus Hook is a community on the Hudson River waterfront in Jersey City, New Jersey . It is located one mile (1.5 kilometres) across the river from Manhattan . The name Hook comes from the Dutch word "hoeck", which translates to "point of land." This "point of land" has been described as an elevated area, the location of which today is bounded by Montgomery, Hudson, Dudley, and Van Vorst Streets. The neighborhood's main street

202-413: A Burgomaster and Lord of Achttienhoven originally from Amsterdam . The first settlement at Paulus Hook was in 1633 when the area was an island at high tide. In 1638, it was granted to Pauw's agent, a man named Micheal Paulez (Pauluson, Powles) who operated an occasional ferry and traded with the local Lenape population. Paulez's name eventually became "Paulus," the name given to the hook jutting into

303-633: A Koreatown . Many in this community attend religious services at St. Michael's in Union City. India Square in the Journal Square district is home to many from the country from which it takes its name. A large Filipino community is located nearby at Five Corners . The first Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States, St. Mark , is one of the many congregations in Jersey City and Bayonne serving

404-551: A Saw mill on East 74th Street and the East River, where a 13,710-meter (8.52 mi) long stream that began in the north of today's Central Park, which became known as the Saw Kill or Saw Kill Creek, emptied into the river. Later owners of the property George Elphinstone and Abraham Shotwell replaced the sawmill with a leather mill in 1677. The Saw Kill was later redirected into a culvert, arched over, and its trickling little stream

505-445: A sawmill was located in the northern forest at what was later the corner of East 74th Street and Second Avenue , at which African slaves cut lumber. The New Amsterdam settlement had a population of approximately 270 people, including infants. In 1642 the new director Willem Kieft decided to build a stone church within the fort. The work was carried out by recent English immigrants, the brothers John and Richard Ogden. The church

606-547: A borough adjacent to Fort Lee, is also on the list, with 57.0%. North Hudson has the second-largest Cuban American population in the United States after Miami . West New York, North Bergen, Union City, Guttenberg and Weehawken have Cuban American populations between 8.75% (Weehawken) and 19.64% (West New York). Another large immigrant group is the Korean-American community near the GWB Plaza  – it represents over half of

707-530: A citadel to contain Fort Amsterdam was being laid out by Cryn Frederickz van Lobbrecht at the direction of Willem Verhulst . By the end of 1625, the site had been staked out directly south of Bowling Green on the site of the present U.S. Custom House . The Mohawk-Mahican War in the Hudson Valley led the company to relocate even more settlers to the vicinity of the new Fort Amsterdam. In the end, colonizing

808-537: A daring plan for the Continental Army to attack the fort, in what became known as the Battle of Paulus Hook . The assault was planned to begin shortly after midnight on August 19, 1779. Lee led a force of about 300 men, some of whom got lost during the march through the swampy, marshy land. The attack was late getting started but the main contingent of the force was able to reach the fort's gate without being challenged. It

909-607: A mindset that resembles the American Dream were already present in the first few years of this colony. Writers like Russell Shorto argue that the large influence of New Amsterdam on the American psyche has largely been overlooked in the classic telling of American beginnings, because of animosity between the English victors and the conquered Dutch. The original 17th-century architecture of New Amsterdam has completely vanished (affected by

1010-458: A number of restaurants with outdoor seating and small neighborhood shops. The location that today is Paulus Hook originally was called Arressick or Arisheck Island by the earliest settlers after a corrupted Lenape term, possibly from Kaniskeck, meaning a long, grassy marsh, or meadow. The location that represents present-day Paulus Hook was originally part of a tract of land purchased as part of Pavonia, New Netherland in 1630 by Michiel Pauw ,

1111-619: A process of gentrification . Today, real estate prices in Paulus Hook are generally higher than in surrounding neighborhoods, which include Liberty Harbor, the Financial District , WALDO , Downtown Jersey City , and Hamilton Park . Morris Street and Washington Street have become the "restaurant rows" of the neighborhood, which is mainly residential. The neighborhood is home to the Historic Paulus Hook Association which

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1212-705: A railroad station linking the area to Newark was opened. The Jersey City Ferry , as the original ferry became known, and later the Desbrosses Street Ferry and a ferry to West 34th Street in Manhattan would open and serve the Pennsylvania Railroad 's Exchange Place Station . During the mid-20th century the Pennsylvania Railroad's operations shifted to Newark and New York Penn stations and ferry services to Manhattan were discontinued. Paulus Hook

1313-665: A sailing expedition for the Dutch West India Company which led to the establishment of the Dutch provincial colony of New Netherland , with its capital at New Amsterdam . During that exploration, he laid anchor in the Upper New York Bay and Weehawken Coves . In 1630, land along the west bank of the river which bears his name was acquired and called Pavonia . Clusters of settlements were located at Communipaw , Harsimus , and Paulus Hook , and later at Hoboken , Pamrapo , Kewan / Minkakwa , and Vriessendael . Some of

1414-594: A set of documents that have survived from that period, untranslated. They are the administrative records of the colony, unreadable by most scholars. Since the 1970s, Charles Gehring of the New Netherland Institute has made it his life's work to translate this first-hand history of the Colony of New Netherland. The scholarly conclusion has largely been that the settlement of New Amsterdam is much more like current New York than previously thought. Cultural diversity and

1515-593: A squadron of ships from Zeeland. The commanders were Jacob Benckes (Koudum, 1637–1677) and Cornelis Evertsen de Jongste (Vlissingen, 1642–1706) under instruction of the States General of the Dutch Republic . Anthony Colve was installed as the first Dutch governor of the province. Previously there had only been West India Company Directors and a Director-General. Amidst the recapture, New York City would be again renamed, this time to New Orange . However, after

1616-574: A transcription of the text, see Schagenbrief and Transcriptie Schagenbrief The deed itself has not survived, so the specific details are unknown. A textual reference to the deed became the foundation for the legend that Minuit had purchased Manhattan from the Native Americans for twenty-four dollars' worth of trinkets and beads, the guilder rate at the time being about two and a half to a Spanish dollar . The price of 60 Dutch guilders in 1626 amounts to around $ 1,100 in 2012 dollars. Further complicating

1717-662: A voyage of 64 days. For a variety of reasons, primarily a shortage of supplies, Mayflower could not proceed to the Hudson River, and the colonists decided to settle near Cape Cod, establishing the Plymouth Colony . The mouth of the Hudson River was selected as the ideal place for initial settlement as it had easy access to the ocean while also securing an ice-free lifeline to the beaver trading post near present-day Albany. Here, Indigenous hunters supplied them with pelts in exchange for European-made trade goods and wampum , which

1818-618: A world where the city remained Dutch until the Napoleonic Wars and retained its name also afterward. One of New York's Broadway theatres is the New Amsterdam Theatre . The name New Amsterdam is also written on the architrave situated on top of the row of columns in front of the Manhattan Municipal Building , commemorating the name of the Dutch colony. Although no architectural monuments or buildings have survived,

1919-589: Is an urban area of northeastern New Jersey along the lower reaches of the Hudson River , the Upper New York Bay and the Kill van Kull . Though the term can specifically mean the shoreline, it is often used to mean the contiguous urban area between the Bayonne Bridge and the George Washington Bridge that is approximately 19 miles (31 km) long. Historically, the region has been known as Bergen Neck ,

2020-566: Is available to a variety of "loop" buses. Cape Liberty Cruise Port , opened in 2004, restored passenger ships service to the waterfront. New Jersey Transit as well as private companies provide bus service. Journal Square , Exchange Place , Hoboken Terminal , and Bergenline (HBLR) Station are major origination, destination and transfer points. Manhattan-bound bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station Local (and some suburban) service

2121-596: Is being constructed as single-family housing, multi-family apartments, and condominiums. Access to the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail has spurred much development. The yet unbuilt Northern Branch is planned for a route on the west side of the Palisades. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway has been constructed to provide contiguous public access to the water's edge with an 18.5-mile (29.8 km) pedestrian promenade. Development pressure has led to attempts to preserve

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2222-541: Is believed that the British mistook the approaching force for allied Hessians returning from patrol, though this has not been definitively documented. The attacking Patriots succeeded in damaging the fort and took 158 British prisoners, but were unable to destroy the fort and spike its cannons. As daytime arrived, Lee decided that prudent action demanded that the Patriots withdraw before the British forces from New York could cross

2323-526: Is identified by single or double digits: 1 , 2 , 22 , 23 , 64 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 and 88 . Manhattan (with local stops) and some suburban service is identified by triple digits: 120 , 121 , 123 , 125 , 154 , 156 , 158 , 159 , 163 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 181 and 188 . Vehicle crossings and highways are the Bayonne Bridge to Staten Island ; the Holland Tunnel into Lower Manhattan, Interstate 78 , U.S. Route 1/9 ;

2424-612: Is located today. In 1776, American patriots built several forts to defend the western banks of the Hudson River , one of which was located at Paulus Hook. After suffering defeats in New York City , the American patriots abandoned Paulus Hook and the British occupied it.The fort was a naturally defensible position that guarded the gateway to New Jersey . In mid-summer 1779, a flamboyant 23-year-old Princeton University graduate, Major Henry Lee , recommended to General George Washington

2525-675: Is on Jamaica Bay in Queens . Teterboro Airport , in the Hackensack Meadowlands , serves private and corporate planes. Before the 17th century, the region was populated by the Hackensack and Tappan , phratries of the Lenni-Lenape , an Algonquian people, who maintained semi-permanent and seasonal campsites throughout the diverse landscape. They are recalled throughout the region in countless places names. In 1609, Henry Hudson captained

2626-491: Is on brownfields that were once factories, warehouses, docks, and rail yards, particularly in areas along public transportation corridors. It has been called the Gold Coast, a relatively new term coined by real estate agents, brokers, and developers in the 1980s, who realized the investment potential of the area. The name is infrequently used outside the context of real estate sales and marketing. Other residential development

2727-506: Is the most densely populated "town" in the country. Many others are on the list of most densely populated places in the United States . The region is very ethnically diverse. Jersey City is the "most diverse" city in the United States. Five municipalities are on the list of the 100 cities (with a population over 5,000) with the highest percentages of foreign-born residents: West New York (65.2%), Union City (58.7%), Guttenberg (48.7%), Fairview (48.4%), and Fort Lee (44.7%). Palisades Park ,

2828-624: Is the north- and south-running Washington Street. The waterfront of Paulus Hook is located along the basin of the Morris Canal in a park with a segment of Liberty State Park . The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail has a Paulus Hook stop at Essex Street and the Liberty Water Taxi at Warren Street. The introduction of the light rail and development of office buildings on the Hudson Waterfront have brought more businesses to Morris Street including

2929-588: The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad , forerunner of the PATH system, was opened as a partially successful attempt to connect all the rail stations (as well as those in Manhattan) with a mass transit system. The only remaining station in operation is Hoboken Terminal which serves as a terminus for many New Jersey Transit commuter trains. The restored Communipaw Terminal is a prominent waterfront landmark. Upon entry to World War I

3030-530: The American Revolution , the Dutch and then the English governed the site. In 1664, an expedition sailed from England to seize Dutch colonies in the New World. The colony of New Netherland 's Director-General Peter Stuyvesant surrendered its capital to the English forces on September 8, 1664, so New Amsterdam became New York City, although the Dutch recaptured it briefly, which served as a trigger event for

3131-509: The Counts of Angoulême . The first recorded exploration by the Dutch of the area around what is now called New York Bay was in 1609 with the voyage of the ship Halve Maen (English: "Half Moon"), commanded by Henry Hudson in the service of the Dutch Republic, as the emissary of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and stadholder of Holland. Hudson named the river the Mauritius River. He

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3232-692: The Dutch with the New Amsterdam Trail. The Dutch-American historian and journalist Hendrik Willem van Loon wrote in 1933 a work of alternative history entitled "If the Dutch Had Kept Nieuw Amsterdam" (in If, Or History Rewritten , edited by J. C. Squire , 1931, Simon & Schuster ). A similar theme, at greater length, was taken up by writer Elizabeth Bear , who published the " New Amsterdam " series of detective stories that take place in

3333-714: The English Civil War : John Berkeley and George Carteret , who had been with the Duke in exile on Jersey in the Channel Islands . So the name "New Jersey" was chosen, and today the communities of Carteret and Berkeley Heights are also named for the two friends, Elizabeth is named for Carteret's wife, and the Duke of York is himself the namesake of New York. In 1672, the Third Anglo-Dutch War broke out, and in July 1673,

3434-539: The Hamburg America Line , and North Hudson with the development of breweries and the embroidery industry. Many railroad terminals and maritime facilities were built there. Many immigrants to the USA arrived, first via Castle Clinton and later via Ellis Island . The development of the ports resulted in intense shipping and industrial development along the shore, and residential development further inland. Blasting of

3535-485: The Hudson River ), near what is now Albany. A fort and sawmill were soon erected at Nut Island. The windmill was constructed by Franchoys Fezard and was taken apart for iron in 1648. The threat of attack from other European colonial powers prompted the directors of the Dutch West India Company to formulate a plan to protect the entrance to the Hudson River. In 1624, 30 families were sponsored by Dutch West India Company moving from Nut Island to Manhattan Island, where

3636-564: The Lincoln Tunnel to Midtown Manhattan, NJ 495 , Route 3 , and the George Washington Bridge to Upper Manhattan, Palisades Interstate Parkway , U.S. Route 46 , Interstate 95 , Interstate 80 Newark Liberty Airport (EWR) is the closest international airport in New Jersey with scheduled passenger service. LaGuardia Airport (LGA) is in Flushing, Queens and John F. Kennedy Airport (JFK)

3737-710: The Meadowlands , were laid, and the area of the English Neighborhood was settled. In the American Revolutionary War the New York Harbor was under British control after Washington ordered the retreat from Fort Lee , though he gave instructions to "go to the Bergen heights, Weehawk, Hoebuck or other heights to observe the motions of the enemy's shipping" and gather any other possible intelligence. The attack of

3838-777: The New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn , to the south Staten Island , to the west Newark Bay and the New Jersey Meadowlands and to the north Northern Valley and the Palisades Interstate Park . The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway , which includes sections of the East Coast Greenway , travels along the Hudson River. During the Dutch colonial era , the area was under the jurisdiction of New Amsterdam and known as Bergen . Jersey City and Hoboken, in Hudson County, are sometimes referred to as

3939-561: The Nicasius de Sille List of 1660, which enumerates all the citizens of New Amsterdam and their addresses, it can be determined who resided in every house. The city map known as the Duke's Plan probably derived from the same 1660 census as the Castello Plan. The Duke's Plan includes two outlying areas of development on Manhattan along the top of the plan. The work was created for James (1633–1701),

4040-532: The Palisades and landfilling along the water's edge considerably changed the landscape. Rail and trolley car lines were laid, some overland, while others traversed cuts or tunnels. Before the construction, in 1910, of the Pennsylvania Railroad 's North River Tunnels under the Hudson, railroads terminated on the west bank of the river, requiring passengers and cargo to travel by ferry or barge to Manhattan . That year,

4141-561: The Province of New Jersey . In 1668, a charter was granted for the "Towne and Corporation of Bergen". In 1683, East Jersey was divided into four counties, the waterfront region keeping the name given by the New Netherlanders . Bergen encompassed the land between the North River and Hackensack River from Bergen Point north to the ambiguous New York-New Jersey state line For much of

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4242-600: The Second Anglo-Dutch War in which the Dutch lost their North American territories. Charles II of England awarded territories to his brother James, Duke of York , who later became King James II , and the region between New England and Maryland became proprietary colonies as opposed to a royal colony . James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River (the land that would become New Jersey ) to two friends who had been loyal through

4343-680: The Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665–67, England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands agreed to the status quo in the Treaty of Breda . The English kept the island of Manhattan, the Dutch giving up their claim to the town and the rest of the colony, while the English formally abandoned Surinam in South America, and the island of Run in the East Indies to the Dutch, confirming their control of

4444-415: The United States Bicentennial in 1776. Gentrification of Hoboken and Downtown Jersey City 's 19th-century districts began. NY Waterway restored ferry service across the Hudson in 1986. Begun in the 1980s. Since the 1990s the Hudson Waterfront has experienced intensive development, consisting largely of high-density residential buildings, office towers , and retail centers. Some of this development

4545-478: The baseball color line was first crossed at Roosevelt Stadium by Jackie Robinson . Among the many companies who had a presence along the waterfront were Colgate-Palmolive , Standard Oil , Port Johnston Coal Docks , Central Railroad of New Jersey , Lipton Tea , Maxwell House , Bethlehem Steel , Hamburg-American Line , Ford Motor Company , Lever Brothers , and Archer-Daniels-Midland The Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne opened during World War II. By

4646-439: The fires of 1776 and 1835 ), leaving only archaeological remnants. The original street plan of New Amsterdam has stayed largely intact, as have some houses outside Manhattan. The presentation of the legacy of the unique culture of 17th-century New Amsterdam remains a concern of preservationists and educators. In 2009 the National Park Service celebrated the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson 's 1609 voyage on behalf of

4747-450: The nineteenth most populous in the country while having one of the smallest land areas, at just 35.7 square miles (92 km ). Its communities have some of the highest residential densities in the United States . Of municipalities in the United States over 50,000 people, Union City is the most densely populated. Guttenberg, although one of the smallest municipalities, stretching from 68th Street to 71st Street at 128 acres (0.52 km ),

4848-419: The sixth borough of New York City, given their proximity and connections by PATH trains to the city. Fort Lee, in Bergen County, opposite Upper Manhattan and connected by the George Washington Bridge , has also been called New York City's sixth borough. With a combined population of approximately 733,875 (based on 2020 estimates), the Hudson Waterfront, if incorporated into a single city, would be

4949-403: The wall of Wall Street , and neither the remainder of the island of Manhattan nor of wider New Netherland fell under its definition. In 1524, nearly a century before the arrival of the Dutch, the site that would later become New Amsterdam was named Nouvelle Angoulême by the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano , to commemorate his patron King Francis I of France , whose family consisted of

5050-413: The 18th century the villages remained essentially agricultural and fishing communities, supplying the growing city of New York across the river, using ferries including those at Communipaw , Paulus Hook , Weehawken , Bulls Ferry and Burdett's Landing . It was during the colonial period that Newark Plank Road , Hackensack Plank Road and Paterson Plank Road , thoroughfares from the waterfront across

5151-476: The 1970s most traditional industries in the region had been abandoned and the waterfront has been being redeveloped for recreational, residential, and commercial use. After the closing of Palisades Amusement Park in 1971, large residential highrises were built to replace it. Other highrise towers were constructed throughout the area which is still characterized by one and two family homes and low-rise apartment buildings. Liberty State Park opened to coincide with

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5252-434: The British garrison at Paulus Hook was seen as a victory for American forces. Urbanization of the area began in the early 19th century with City of Jersey and the development of Hoboken , Weehawken , and Edgewater as summer resorts. While some districts were laid out in an urban grid, others developed more randomly following the construction of coach and ferry roads, or drives leading to larger estates or farms. Weehawken

5353-425: The Duke of York and Albany, after whom New York , New York City , and New York's Capital – Albany , were named just after the seizure of New Amsterdam by the English . After that provisional relinquishment of New Netherland, Stuyvesant reported to his superiors that he "had endeavored to promote the increase of population, agriculture and commerce...the flourishing condition which might have been more flourishing if

5454-417: The Dutch reoccupied New York City, renaming it New Orange . Peace was achieved in 1674 under terms of the Treaty of Westminster , and England recovered New York until the American Revolution . In July 1764, a ferry began operating from Paulus Hook to Mesier's dock which was located at the foot of Courtland Street, where Cortland Street Ferry Depot was later built and where Battery Park City Ferry Terminal

5555-410: The Munsee were fired upon as they were preparing to depart. This triggered attacks on Pavonia and Staten Island . Stuyvesant reported 28 farms destroyed, 40 deaths and 100 captives taken in what later became known as the Peach War . In 1661, the Communipaw ferry was founded and began a long history of trans-Hudson ferry and ultimately rail and road transportation. In 1664, Jan van Bonnel built

5656-510: The New World, were thoroughly documented in city maps . During the time of New Netherland's colonization, the Dutch were the pre-eminent cartographers in Europe. The delegated authority of the Dutch West India Company over New Netherland required maintaining sovereignty on behalf of the States General, generating cash flow through commercial enterprise for its shareholders, and funding the province's growth. Thus its directors regularly required that censuses be taken. These tools to measure and monitor

5757-425: The US government took the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain , and which became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ". In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook the region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom . The fore-runner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

5858-436: The archaeology of New York City. For instance, the Castello map aided the excavation of the Stadthuys ( City Hall ) of New Amsterdam in determining the exact location of the building. The maps enable a precise reconstruction of the town. Fort Amsterdam was located at the southernmost tip of the island of Manhattan, which today is surrounded by Bowling Green. The Battery is a reference to its battery of cannon. Broadway

5959-433: The battle occupies only a small portion of U.S. Revolutionary War history, it is an important part of the history of New Jersey and New Jersey's role in the American Revolution , and holds an even more important place in the history of the neighborhood. A monument was erected in 1903 to memorialize the battle. Paulus Hook subsequently became a major road and rail head for traffic along the Northeast Corridor and in 1836

6060-499: The calculation is that the value of goods in the area would have been different from the value of those same goods in the developed market of the Netherlands. The Dutch introduced windmills first at Noten Eylandt for a sawmill, to exploit the stand of hardwoods found there. Later they exploited the hydropower of existing creeks by constructing mills at Turtle Bay (between present-day East 45th–48th Streets) and Montagne's Kill, later called Harlem Mill Creek (East 108th Street). In 1639

6161-514: The communities were compromised in conflicts with the indigenous population known as Kieft's War and the Peach War . Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant granted a charter in 1660 for a village at Bergen Square , considered the first autonomous municipality in New Jersey. In 1664, four English frigates entered the Upper New York Bay , demanded, and peacefully received, control of Fort Amsterdam , and by extension, all of New Netherland. Bergen, New Netherland thus became part of

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6262-406: The construction of Fort Amsterdam . A fortification was completed in 1626. The families were then dispersed to Fort Wilhelmus on Verhulsten Island ( Burlington Island ) in the South River (now the Delaware River ), to Kievitshoek (now Old Saybrook, Connecticut ) at the mouth of the Verse River (now the Connecticut River ) and further north at Fort Nassau on the Mauritius or North River (now

6363-470: The first Spanish Colony in the Americas. Allegedly of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived on Manhattan Island during the winter of 1613–1614 under the command of Thijs Volckenz Mossel captain of the Jonge Tobias , trapping beavers and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch East India Company. He is the first recorded non-Indigenous inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City. The territory of New Netherland

6464-570: The foot of the Palisades in Hoboken and Weehawken waterfront, Bergenline and Tonnelle Avenues. The PATH provides 24-hour subway service from Hoboken Terminal (HOB) and Downtown Jersey City and Journal Square (JSQ) to Midtown Manhattan (33rd), the World Trade Center (WTC), and Newark Penn Station (NWK). NY Waterway provides ferry service, from Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken Port Imperial and Edgewater Landing to Battery Park City Ferry Terminal and Wall Street in lower Manhattan, and to West Midtown Ferry Terminal , where free transfer

6565-419: The fort used the triangle between the Heerestraat and what came to be known as Whitehall Street for marching drills. Verhulst, with his council, was responsible for the selection of Manhattan as a permanent place of settlement and for situating Fort Amsterdam. He was replaced as the company director of New Netherland by Peter Minuit in 1626. According to the writer Nathaniel Benchley, to legally safeguard

6666-932: The growing Egyptian community. In many communities in the Hudson Waterfront, English is not the first language spoken at home. Rail service includes New Jersey Transit 's Hoboken Division: Main Line to Suffern (and in partnership with MTA / Metro-North , express service to Port Jervis ), Bergen County Line , and Pascack Valley Line , all via Secaucus Junction (where transfer is possible to Northeast Corridor Line ); Montclair-Boonton Line and Morris and Essex Lines (both via Newark Broad Street Station ); North Jersey Coast Line (limited service as Waterfront Connection via Newark Penn Station to Long Branch and Bay Head ); Raritan Valley Line (limited service via Newark Penn Station ). All of these services stop at Hoboken Terminal . The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail : serves Bayonne , Liberty State Park , Jersey City's West Side , Downtown Jersey City , Hoboken Terminal , along

6767-409: The latter half of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, the area experienced intense growth. The short-lived Eldorado Amusement Park and Palisades Amusement Park were both developed atop the cliffs at the turn of the 20th century. German immigration to the United States after 1848 gave the parts of the region a distinctly German flavor, particularly Hoboken, which became a major port for

6868-413: The law of the ship had applied. On May 20, 1624, the first settlers in New Netherland arrived on Noten Eylandt (Nut or Nutten Island, now Governors Island ) aboard the ship Nieu Nederlandt under the command of Cornelius Jacobsen May , who disembarked on the island with thirty families to take legal possession of the New Netherland territory. The WIC ordered engineer and surveyor Crijn Fredericxsz for

6969-456: The liberty of their consciences in religion", negotiated with the English by Peter Stuyvesant and his council.) Sometimes considered a dysfunctional trading post by the English who later acquired it from the Dutch, Russell Shorto , author of The Island at the Center of the World , suggests that the city left its cultural marks on later New York and, by extension, the United States as a whole. Major recent historical research has been based on

7070-415: The lower Palisades as a natural resource. New Orange New Amsterdam ( Dutch : Nieuw Amsterdam , pronounced [ˌniu.ɑmstərˈdɑm] ) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland . The initial trading factory gave rise to the settlement around Fort Amsterdam . The fort

7171-400: The lower peninsula, and Bergen Hill , lower Hudson Palisades . It has sometimes been called the Gold Coast . The municipalities comprising the Hudson Waterfront are Bayonne , Jersey City , Hoboken , Union City , Weehawken , West New York , Guttenberg and North Bergen in Hudson County and Fairview , Cliffside Park , Edgewater and Fort Lee in Bergen County . To the east lies

7272-532: The newly discovered and mapped territory New Netherland for the first time. It also showed the first year-round trading presence in New Netherland, Fort Nassau , which would be replaced in 1624 by Fort Orange, which eventually grew into the town of Beverwijck , renamed Albany in 1664. Spanish trader Juan Rodriguez (rendered in Dutch as Jan Rodrigues), was born in the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo ,

7373-467: The now afflicted inhabitants had been protected by a suitable garrison...and had been helped with the long sought for settlement of the boundary, or in default thereof had they been seconded with the oft besought reinforcement of men and ships against the continual troubles, threats, encroachments and invasions of the British neighbors and government of Hartford Colony, our too powerful enemies". The existence of these city maps has proven to be very useful in

7474-479: The population of New Netherland had grown to 2,000 people, with 1,500 living in New Amsterdam. By 1664, the population of New Netherland had risen to almost 9,000 people, 2,500 of whom lived in New Amsterdam, 1,000 lived near Fort Orange , and the remainder in other towns and villages. In 1664, the English took over New Amsterdam and renamed it New York after the Duke of York (later James II & VII ). After

7575-484: The province's progress were accompanied by accurate maps and plans. These surveys, as well as grassroots activities to seek redress of grievances, account for the existence of some of the most important of the early documents. There is a particularly detailed city map called the Castello Plan produced in 1660. Virtually every structure in New Amsterdam at the time is believed to be represented, and by cross-referencing

7676-464: The river and bay. By permission of the Director of New Netherland , Willem Kieft , the land at Paulus Hook was acquired by Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck on May 1, 1638. The Manatus Map of 1639 depicts land holdings in the nascent province; number 31 is described as the "plantations at Paulus Hook", On February 25, 1643, 100 Native American Indians were massacred at or in the vicinity of Paulus Hook. Until

7777-459: The river. Paulus Hook remained in British hands until after the war but the battle was a small strategic victory for the forces of independence as it forced the British to abandon their plans for taking rebel positions in the New York area. On November 22, 1783, the British evacuated Paulus Hook and sailed home. This was three days before they left New York on Evacuation Day , November 25, 1783. While

7878-525: The settlers' investments, possessions and farms on Manhattan island, Minuit negotiated the "purchase" of Manhattan from a band of Canarse from Brooklyn who occupied the bottom quarter of Manhattan, known then as the Manhattoes , for 60 guilders ' worth of trade goods. Minuit conducted the transaction with the Canarse chief Seyseys, who was only too happy to accept valuable merchandise in exchange for an island that

7979-484: The signing of the Treaty of Westminster in February 1674, both the Dutch territories were relinquished to the English. With the effective transfer of control on 10 November 1674 (N.S.), the names New Netherland and New Orange reverted to the English versions of "New York" and "New York City", respectively. Suriname became an official Dutch possession in return. The beginnings of New Amsterdam, unlike most other colonies in

8080-446: The state's entire Korean population. Nearby Palisades Park boasts the highest percentage (36.38%) and total number (6,065) of Koreans among all municipalities in the state, while Fort Lee has the second-highest total number (5,978) and third-highest percentage (17.18%); Edgewater also has a significant Korean population. The commercial districts of Palisades Park, Fort Lee, Cliffside Park, Edgewater, and Fairview collectively compose

8181-750: The summer of 1654 directly from Holland, with passports that gave them permission to trade in the colony. Then in early September, 23 Jewish refugees arrived from the Brazilian city of Recife , which had been conquered by the Portuguese in January 1654. The director-general of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant , sought to turn them away but was ultimately overruled by the directors of the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam. Asser Levy , an Ashkenazi Jew who

8282-441: The typical grid become enforced long after the town ceased to be Dutch. Most of the Financial District overlaps with New Amsterdam and has retained its original street layout. The 1625 date of the founding of New Amsterdam is now commemorated in the official Seal of New York City . (Formerly, the year on the seal was 1664, the year of the provisional Articles of Transfer, assuring New Netherlanders that they "shall keep and enjoy

8383-423: The valuable Spice Islands . The area occupied by New Amsterdam is now Lower Manhattan . The indigenous Munsee term for the southern tip of the island was Manhattoe , and variations of this name were also applied to the first Dutch settlement there. With the construction of Fort Amsterdam , the town also became variously known as "Amsterdam" or "New Amsterdam". New Amsterdam's city limits did not extend north of

8484-435: The valuable sugar plantations and factories captured by them that year on the coast of Surinam , giving them full control over the coast of what is now Guyana and Suriname . On 9 August 1673 ( N.S. ; 30 July 1673 (O.S.)), during the Third Anglo-Dutch War , the Dutch quickly but briefly retook the colony of New Netherland, which the English called "New York", with a combined fleet of a squadron of ships from Amsterdam and

8585-429: Was castoreum —the secretion of the animals' anal glands—which was used for its medicinal properties and for perfumes. The expeditions by Adriaen Block and Hendrick Christiaensen in 1611, 1612, 1613 and 1614, resulted in the surveying and charting of the region from the 38th parallel to the 45th parallel . On their 1614 map, which gave them a four-year trade monopoly under a patent of the States General , they named

8686-488: Was a prohibitively expensive undertaking, only partly subsidized by the fur trade. This led to a scaling back of the original plans. By 1628, a smaller fort was constructed with walls containing a mixture of clay and sand. The fort also served as the center of trading activity. It contained a barracks, the church, a house for the West India Company director and a warehouse for the storage of company goods. Troops from

8787-530: Was actually mostly controlled by the Weckquaesgeeks. An official letter of November 7, 1626 in which Pieter Schagen informed the States General of the purchase (by Peter Minuit ) of Manhattan ("'t eylant Manhettes", groot 11000 morgen ) from the "wilden" (wild ones). This area amounts to 94 square kilometres (36 sq mi). Schagen also mentioned the successful first harvest and the shipload of 7,246 beaver skins ( Nationaal Archief , The Hague ). For

8888-595: Was also covertly attempting to find the Northwest Passage for the Dutch East India Company . Instead, he brought back news about the possibility of exploitation of beaver by the Dutch who sent commercial, private missions to the area the following years. At the time, beaver pelts were highly prized in Europe, because the fur could be felted to make waterproof hats. A by-product of the trade in beaver pelts

8989-446: Was called Arch Brook. On August 27, 1664, while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace, four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded New Netherland's surrender, effecting the bloodless capture of New Amsterdam . On September 6, the local Dutch deciding not to offer resistance, Stuyvesant's lawyer Johannes de Decker and five other delegates signed the official Articles of Surrender of New Netherland . This

9090-482: Was established on April 30, 1921. Huge transportation projects opened between the wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass the waterfront. Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway , were also built. 125th Street Hudson River bridge never got beyond planning stages. In 1946,

9191-663: Was finished in 1645 and stood until destroyed in the Slave Insurrection of 1741 . A pen-and-ink view of New Amsterdam, drawn on-the-spot and discovered in the map collection of the Austrian National Library in Vienna in 1991, provides a unique view of New Amsterdam as it appeared from Capske (small Cape) Rock in 1648. It was associated with Adriaen van der Donck 's Remonstrance of New Netherland , and may have inspired later views as by Claes Jansz. Visscher . Capske Rock

9292-521: Was founded in 1894 by Cornelia Foster Bradford and named after John Greenleaf Whittier . Whittier House , also named after John Greenleaf Whittier, was the first settlement house in the state. During the 21st century the arrival of the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail , a construction boom following the attacks of September 11 , investments in Liberty State Park and the expansion of the area's ferry connections to lower Manhattan all helped to propel

9393-461: Was one of the 23 refugees, eventually prospered and in 1661 became the first Jew to own a house in New Amsterdam, which also made him the first Jew known to have owned a house anywhere in North America. On September 15, 1655, New Amsterdam was occupied by several hundred Munsee , possibly in response to a Dutch colonist killing a woman stealing peaches from his orchard. No bloodshed occurred until

9494-524: Was originally a private, profit-making commercial enterprise focused on cementing alliances and conducting trade with the local Indigenous peoples. Surveying and exploration of the region was conducted as a prelude to an anticipated official settlement by the Dutch Republic, which occurred in 1624. In 1620 the Pilgrims attempted to sail to the Hudson River from England. However, Mayflower reached Cape Cod (now part of Massachusetts) on November 9, 1620, after

9595-581: Was situated in the water close to Manhattan between Manhattan and Noten Eylant, and signified the start of the East River roadstead. New Amsterdam received municipal rights by a charter from New Netherland Governor Peter Stuyvesant on February 2, 1653, thus becoming a city. Albany, then named Beverwyck , received its city rights in 1652. Nieuw Haarlem , now known as Harlem , was formally recognized in 1658. The first Dutch Jews known to have arrived in New Amsterdam arrived in 1654. First to arrive were Solomon Pietersen and Jacob Barsimson, who sailed during

9696-523: Was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River ( Hudson River ). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625. New Amsterdam became a city when it received municipal rights on February 2, 1653. By 1655,

9797-404: Was soon being made by the Dutch on Long Island . In 1621, the Dutch West India Company was founded. Between 1621 and 1623, orders were given to the private, commercial traders to vacate the territory, thus opening up the territory to Dutch settlers and company traders. It also allowed the laws and ordinances of the states of Holland to apply. Previously, during the private, commercial period, only

9898-417: Was started in 1974 as a neighborhood association dedicated to preserving the historic feel of Paulus Hook. On October 29, 2012, Paulus Hook was devastated during Hurricane Sandy , with significant flooding occurring throughout the neighborhood. 40°43′01″N 74°02′16″W  /  40.71685°N 74.03789°W  / 40.71685; -74.03789 Hudson Waterfront The Hudson Waterfront

9999-466: Was swiftly followed by the Second Anglo-Dutch War , between England and the Dutch Republic . In June 1665, New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English law as New York City, named after the Duke of York (later King James II ). He was the brother of King Charles II , who had been granted the lands. In 1667, the Treaty of Breda ended the conflict in favor of the Dutch. The Dutch did not press their claims on New Netherland but did demand control over

10100-438: Was the main street that led out of town north towards Harlem. The town was surrounded to the north by a wall leading from the eastern to the western shore. Today, where the course of this city wall was, is Wall Street . Nearby, a canal which led from the harbor inland was filled in 1676, and is today Broad Street . The layout of the streets was winding, as in a European city. Only starting from Wall Street going toward uptown did

10201-620: Was the site for 18 known duels between 1700 and 1845, including the Burr–Hamilton duel in 1804. In 1811, Colonol John Stevens ' ship the Juliana , began operation as the first steam -powered ferry service was between Manhattan and Hoboken , which can claim to be the birthplace of baseball The first officially recorded game of baseball in US history took place in Elysian Fields in 1846. During

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