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36-653: Pattani is on the Malay Peninsula , with the coast of the Gulf of Thailand to the north. The south is dominated by the Sankalakhiri mountain range , which includes Budo-Su-ngai Padi National Park, on the border with Yala and Narathiwat . The total forest area is 110 km (42 sq mi) or 5.6 percent of provincial area. There are two national parks, along with three other national parks, make up region 6 (Pattani branch) of Thailand's protected areas. The name Pattani

72-623: A population of at least 5,000 with a minimum density of 1,500 per km , plus the approval of the population within that area. Many of today's thesaban municipalities were originally sukhaphiban tambon , sanitation districts, the number of which had grown to 35 in 1935, when these were converted into municipalities. New sanitary districts were again established starting in 1952. With the Act to Upgrade Sanitary Districts to Thesaban of May 1999 all were converted in May 1999, though many of them did not actually meet

108-564: Is considered one step below the imposition of full martial law . Pattani has named as the land of three religions (Buddhism, Islam, Chinese religion ). There are important places of worship for all three religions: 6°52′4″N 101°15′00″E  /  6.86778°N 101.25000°E  / 6.86778; 101.25000 Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula is located in Mainland Southeast Asia . The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it

144-562: Is the Thai adaptation of the Malay name Patani ( Jawi : ڤتاني), which can mean "this beach" in Patani Malay language. (In standard Malay, this would be pantai ini .) According to legend, the founder of Patani went hunting and saw an albino mouse-deer the size of a goat, which then disappeared. He enquired where the animal had gone, and his men replied: "Pata ni lah!" ("this beach!") They searched for

180-566: Is the snakeskin gourami ( Trichopodus pectoralis ). Pattani is divided into 12 districts ( amphoe ), which are further divided into 115 subdistricts ( tambon ) and 629 villages ( muban ). The districts of Chana (Malay: Chenok ), Thepha (Malay: Tiba ) and Saba Yoi (Malay: Sebayu ) were detached from Pattani and transferred to Songkhla in 1796 by Siam government. [REDACTED] As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Pattani Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 17 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in

216-462: Is the only province in Thailand where the agriculture ministry prohibits trawlers and destructive fishing nets within four nautical miles of the shoreline. Local fish stocks have rebounded as a result. Despite having many interesting places, Pattani is the least visited province in the country. According to data from Ministry of Tourism and Sports in 2018, the total number of tourists who visited

252-516: Is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area contains Peninsular Malaysia , Southern Thailand , and the southernmost tip of Myanmar ( Kawthaung ). The island country of Singapore also has historical and cultural ties with the region. The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system and form the backbone of the peninsula and the southernmost section of

288-426: Is used for counter-insurgency operations in the area. It does not run public flights, Pattani's nearly public airport is Narathiwat Airport Pattani's main bus stop is Pattani Bus Terminal, Including Pattani-Yala Transit. Pattani's main railway stop is Khok Pho Railway Station . Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using

324-523: The Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. As of 2018, the provisions of Thailand's Internal Security Act remain imposed on Mae Lan District. Internal security restrictions, maintained by Thailand's Internal Security Operations Command can result in curfews, prohibited entry, or prohibited transport of goods. It

360-633: The Sukhaphiban ( สุขาภิบาล ) sanitary districts first created in Bangkok by a royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. The thesaban system was established in the Thesaban Organization Act of 1934 ( Thai : พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖ ), and has been updated several times since, starting with the Thesaban Act of 1939 ( Thai : พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑ ), which

396-593: The beech family ( Fagaceae ), Myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ), laurel family ( Lauraceae ), tropical conifers , and other plant families. The peninsula's forests are home to thousands of species of animals and plants. Several large endangered mammals inhabit the peninsula – Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ), gaur ( Bos gaurus ), tiger ( Panthera tigris ), sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus ), Malayan tapir ( Tapirus indicus ), clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ), and siamang ( Symphalangus syndactylus ). The Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ) once inhabited

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432-719: The central cordillera , which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus , the peninsula's narrowest point, into the Malay Peninsula. The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra , and the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor . The Malay term Tanah Melayu is derived from the word Tanah (land) and Melayu ( Malays ), thus it means "the Malay land". The term can be found in various Malay texts, of which

468-491: The east. Prior to the foundation of Malacca, ancient and medieval references to a Malay peninsula exist in various foreign sources. According to several Indian scholars, the word Malayadvipa ("mountain-insular continent"), mentioned in the ancient Indian text, Vayu Purana , may possibly refer to the Malay Peninsula. Another Indian source, an inscription on the south wall of the Brihadeeswarar Temple , recorded

504-1479: The eastern shore. Two federal territories are embedded within Selangor , which are Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya . [REDACTED] Media related to Malay Peninsula at Wikimedia Commons Thesaban mueang Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Paetongtarn Shinawatra ( PTP ) Phumtham Wechayachai ( PTP ) Suriya Juangroongruangkit ( PTP ) Anutin Charnvirakul ( BTP ) Pirapan Salirathavibhaga ( UTN ) Pichai Chunhavajira ( PTP ) Prasert Jantararuangtong ( PTP ) Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Mongkol Surasajja [REDACTED] Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Pichet Chuamuangphan ( PTP ) Paradorn Prissanananthakul ( BTP ) Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut ( PP ) [REDACTED] Mongkol Surasajja Kriangkrai Srirak Bunsong Noisophon President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul President: Prasitsak Meelarp President: Nakarin Mektrairat Diplomatic missions of / in Thailand Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam) Foreign aid Thesaban ( Thai : เทศบาล , RTGS :  thetsaban , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn] ) are

540-532: The forests, but Malaysia's last rhinoceroses died in 2019, and the species' few remaining members survive only in Sumatra . The peninsula is home to several distinct ecoregions . The Tenasserim–South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests cover the northern peninsula, including the Tenasserim Hills and the Isthmus of Kra, and extend to the coast on both sides of the isthmus. The Kangar-Pattani floristic boundary crosses

576-403: The lowest level municipal unit, is usually translated as "sub-district municipality". Despite the name, it may not necessarily cover the same area as a sub-district ( tambon ); i.e., it may not cover a tambon completely, or conversely, it may extend over parts of more than one tambon . For an area to qualify as a thesaban tambon , it must have a gross income of at least 5 million baht and

612-520: The mountains above 1,000 meters elevation. The lowlands and hills are in the Peninsular Malaysian rain forests ecoregion. The Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests include distinctive waterlogged forests in the lowlands on both sides of the peninsula. Extensive mangroves line both coasts. The Myanmar Coast mangroves are on the western shore of the peninsula, and the Indochina mangroves on

648-426: The mouse-deer but found instead an old man, who said his name was Che' Tani. The raja later ordered a town be built on the site where the mouse-deer had disappeared, and it is therefore believed that the town was named either after the beach or the old man. Another suggestion is that it derives from a Sanskrit word pathini , meaning "virgin nymph"; Pathini was the name of a daughter of Merong Mahawangsa , founder of

684-436: The municipalities of Thailand . There are three levels of municipalities: city, town, and sub-district. Bangkok and Pattaya are special municipal entities not included in the thesaban system. The municipalities assume some of the responsibilities which are assigned to the districts ( amphoe ) or subdistricts ( tambon ) for non-municipal (rural) areas. Historically, this devolution of central government powers grew out of

720-593: The oldest dating back to the early 17th century. It is frequently mentioned in the Hikayat Hang Tuah , a well-known classic tale associated with the legendary heroes of Malacca Sultanate . Tanah Melayu in the text is consistently employed to refer to the area under Malaccan dominance. In the early 16th century, Tomé Pires , a Portuguese apothecary who stayed in Malacca from 1512 to 1515, uses an almost identical term, Terra de Tana Malaio , with which he referred to

756-549: The peninsula in southern Thailand and northernmost Malaysia, marking the boundary between the large biogeographic regions of Indochina to the north and Sundaland and Malesia to the south. The forests north of the boundary are characterized by seasonally-deciduous trees, while the Sundaland forests have more year-round rainfall and the trees are mostly evergreen. Peninsular Malaysia is home to three terrestrial ecoregions. The Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests ecoregion covers

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792-523: The preceding Langkasuka Empire . Historically, Pattani province was the centre of the Malay Sultanate of Patani Darul Makrif . For centuries a tributary state of Siam, Patani has been governed by Siam since its conquest in 1786. The provinces of Patani were turned into seven smaller provinces: Patani, Nong Chik, Raman, Ra-ngae, Saiburi, Yala and Yaring, later regrouped in 1906 into 4 larger provinces: Patani, Bangnara , Saiburi and Yala . Siamese rule

828-599: The province shows the cannon called Phraya Tani , known as Sri Pattani in Malay, which was cast in Pattani province. It was brought to Bangkok in 1785, and is now on display in front of the Ministry of Defence in Bangkok. The provincial flower is the Chinese hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ), and the provincial tree is the Ironwood ( Hopea odorata ). The provincial aquatic life

864-617: The province was only 20,000–30,000, and consisted of mostly Thai people. Highway 42 is main highway in Pattani, which is tourist attractions are nearby and connecting several districts. Highway 43 is secondary main highway that bypassing Mueang Pattani for saving times and fuels. Also AH18 is part of Highway 42 and Highway 43. Highway 410 is main highway in Yala Province , connecting to Mueang Yala and Betong . Highway 409 and Highway 418 are secondary main highway on Yala Province . The Royal Thai Air Force's Pattani Airport

900-456: The province. Pattani and Taluban have town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 15 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 96 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Six of Pattani's districts lie on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand. The number of fisheries workers in Pattani exceeds 80,000 as of 2019. Pattani

936-432: The south. Thesaban mueang ( Thai : เทศบาลเมือง , RTGS :  thetsaban mueang , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ) is translated as "town municipality". For a municipality to qualify as a town, it either needs to be a provincial capital, or have a population of at least 10,000 and sufficient income to cover the tasks of a town. When first organized in 1934, minimum qualification for town status

972-463: The southeastern part of Sumatra, where the deposed sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah , established his exiled government. The 17th century's account of Portuguese historian, Emanuel Godinho de Erédia , noted on the region of Malaios surrounded by the Andaman Sea in the north, the entire Strait of Malacca in the centre, a part of Sunda Strait in the south, and the western part of South China Sea in

1008-487: The tasks of a city. When first organized in 1934, the minimum qualifications for city status were a population of 30,000 with a density of 1,000 per km . In 1939 the required population density was increased to 2,000 per km , along with the addition of a financial requirement. In 1953 the population density requirement was again raised, to 3,000 per km , before being removed entirely in 2000. For 22 years, from 1972 to 1994, as well as between March and November 1936, there

1044-559: The term Tanah Melayu was generally used by the Malays of the peninsula during the rise of Malay nationalism to describe uniting all Malay states on the peninsula under one Malay nation, and this ambition was largely realised with the formation of Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ( Malay for " Federation of Malaya ") in 1948. The Malay Peninsula is covered with tropical moist broadleaf forests . Lowland forests are dominated by dipterocarp trees, while montane forests are home to evergreen trees in

1080-554: The territorial administrative reform and the creation of a united centralized Siam state in the early-20th century. Pattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand where the majority of the population are Muslim, the others being Yala , Narathiwat , and Satun . In the 2014 census, the Muslim population made up roughly 88 percent of the population. This is mainly due to the people of Malay ancestry , and large portion of Pattani Malay speakers (though most speak Thai as well). The seal of

1116-525: The word Malaiur , referring to a kingdom in the Malay Peninsula that had "a strong mountain for its rampart". Ptolemy 's Geographia named a geographical region of the Golden Chersonese as Maleu-kolon , a term thought to derive from Sanskrit malayakolam or malaikurram . While the Chinese chronicle of the Yuan dynasty mentioned the word Ma-li-yu-er , referring to a nation of the Malay Peninsula that

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1152-497: Was a population of 3,000 with a density of 1,000 per km . In 1939 requirements were increased to a population of 5,000 with a density of 2,000 per km , plus a financial criterion. In 1953, the minimum population requirements was raised to the present value; the population density was also raised, to 3,000 per km , before being removed entirely in 2000. Thesaban tambon ( Thai : เทศบาลตำบล , RTGS :  thetsaban tambon , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn tām.bōn] ),

1188-576: Was officially acknowledged by the Burney Treaty of 1826 negotiated with the British Empire which included also Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu. Unlike these four sultanates, Patani was not included in the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 and remained under Siamese rule. Both Yala (Jala) and Narathiwat (Menara) were originally part of Patani, but were made provinces in their own right during

1224-403: Was only one city municipality in Thailand, which is Chiang Mai , as in 1972 Bangkok had been changed from city municipality, to special governed district. Until 1972 there were three city municipalities: Chiang Mai , Phra Nakhon (now Bangkok), and Thonburi (now part of Bangkok). In 1994, Nakhon Si Thammarat town municipality became the second city municipality of Thailand, and the first in

1260-422: Was replaced by the Thesaban Act of 1953. The 1953 act was most recently amended by the Thesaban Act (No. 12) of 2003. Thesaban nakhon ( Thai : เทศบาลนคร , RTGS :  thetsaban nakhon , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn] ) is translated as "city municipality". To qualify for city status a municipality needs to have a population of at least 50,000 and sufficient income to carry out

1296-521: Was threatened by the southward expansion of the Sukhothai Kingdom under King Ram Khamhaeng . During the same era, Marco Polo made a reference to Malauir in his travelogue , as a kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula, possibly similar to the one mentioned in the Yuan chronicle. The Malay Peninsula was conflated with Persia in old Japan, and was known by the same name. In the early 20th century,

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