Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts . It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar , a judiciary and legislative branches .
54-732: Patna Regional Development Authority abbreviated as PRDA , is a body of the Government of Bihar that is responsible for the infrastructure development of the Patna Metropolitan Region (PMR) . It was established by the Bihar State Government with the sole purpose of the developing the infrastructure of the Patna Metropolitan Region. After Enactment of Bihar Municipal Act 2007, it is now merged into Patna Municipal Corporation . After disbanding Patna Improvement Trust,
108-429: A function to celebrate the birth anniversary of Sri Babu. The BJP functionaries who addressed the function included Rajya Sabha member and senior BJP leader C. P. Thakur , leader of opposition in the state assembly Prem Kumar and former Union minister Sanjay Paswan . The party's senior functionaries on Sunday hailed the state's first CM, Sinha, a Congress man, as the tallest leader who achieved all-round development of
162-462: A great leader and a great idealist endowed with great intellectual attainments. But what to me appeared the most prominent feature was that as a politician he had absolute integrity. A rare quality in a political leader of an area besieged with problems of caste and of low level mental make-up." Sinha introduced land reform legislations in the early period of Bihar's history. He favoured the growth of agricultural capitalism and he wanted to do away with
216-678: A master's degree from the University of Calcutta and then doctorate of law from Patna University and started practicing in Munger from 1915. In the meantime, he married and had two sons, Shivshankar and Bandishankar (more commonly known as Swaraj Babu) who later held various posts in the state government. Shri Krishna Sinha first met Mahatma Gandhi in 1916 at Central Hindu College , Benares and later at Shah Muhammad Jubair's house in December 1920. At Munger, he vowed to work relentlessly to free India from
270-779: A member of the Constituent Assembly of India , which framed the Constitution of India . Sinha served Bihar continuously from 1946 until his death on 31 January 1961 at the age of 73. In 1978, the Ministry of Culture established a science museum called the Srikrishna Science Centre . The largest conference hall in Patna, Shri Krishna Memorial Hall is also named after him. Many development projects in Bihar during this period involved
324-467: A minor presence, along with the other extreme leftist parties. Local governments function at the basic level. It is the third level of government apart from union and state governments. It consists of panchayats in rural areas and municipalities in urban areas. They are elected directly or indirectly by the people. Structurally Bihar is divided into divisions (Pramandal), districts (Zila), sub-divisions (Anumandal) & circles (Aanchal).The state
378-413: A second alliance between Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, National People's Party), Hindustani Awam Morcha , Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal and Indian National Congress (INC). There are many other political formations. The Communist Party of India had a strong presence in Bihar at one time, which has since weakened. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M) and CPM and All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) have
432-404: A texture of nationalism, federalism, realism, and even some touch of pragmatic socialism", and that he "lived poor, died poor and identified himself with the poor." The present Chief Minister of Bihar , Nitish Kumar , observed Sri Babu's 124th Birth Anniversary in 2011, which was also attended by Sushil Modi , Jagannath Mishra , Ramashray Prasad Singh , Mahachandra Prasad Singh and others. At
486-530: A union territory (currently, only the UTs of Delhi and Puducherry have serving Chief Ministers). Following elections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly , the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of
540-493: Is Vidhan Sabha serves as the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Bihar . Lower house is elected with 5 years term, while in upper house 1/3 of the total members in the house gets elected every two years with six-year term. The Vidhan Sabha is also known as Legislative Assembly. The Bihar Legislative Assembly first came into being in 1937 and not a permanent body and subject to dissolution. The tenure of
594-430: Is divided between union government and state governments. State government's legislature is bicameral in 6 states and unicameral in the rest. Bihar is one of the six states where bicameral legislature exists. Other states are Uttar Pradesh , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh . The Bihar Legislative Council is Vidhan Parishad serves as the upper house and Bihar Legislative Assembly
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#1732858629598648-431: Is divided into nine divisions, 38 districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles. 17 municipal corporations, 84 Nagar Parishads and 151 Nagar Panchayats, for administrative purposes. Sri Krishna Sinha Shri Krishna Singh (Sinha) (21 October 1887 – 31 January 1961), also known as Shri Babu , was the first chief minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–61). Except for the period of World War II, Sinha
702-435: Is headed by the governor who appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. The governor is appointed for five years and acts as the constitutional head of the state. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers is vested.. The secretariat headed by
756-595: Is often used to pacify factions within the party or coalition. It is similar to the rarely used Deputy-Prime minister post in Central government of India. During the absence of the Chief minister, the deputy-CM may chair cabinet meetings and lead the Assembly majority. Various deputy chief ministers have also taken the oath of secrecy in line with the one that chief minister takes. This oath has also sparked controversies. The government
810-439: Is the principal court of the state of Bihar . However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated Specially in a state or federal law It was established on February 3, 1916, and later affiliated under
864-684: The All India Congress Committee . In 1927, Sinha became a member of the Legislative Council and in 1929 became General Secretary of the Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee (BPCC). In 1930, he participated in the Namak Satyagrah at Garhpura. He suffered severe scalding injuries to his hands and chest while being arrested, was imprisoned for six months and then was again arrested and imprisoned for two years during
918-553: The Government of India Act 1915 ( 5 & 6 Geo. 5 . c. 61). The court is headquartered in Patna, the administrative capital of the state . A proclamation was made by the Governor-General of India on 22 March 1912. The foundation-stone of the High Court Building was laid on 1 December 1913 by the late Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Sir Charles Hardinge of Penshurst. The Patna High Court building on its completion
972-600: The Legislative Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first sitting unless dissolved sooner. Members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected by the people. There are three sessions (Budget session, Monsoon session, Winter session) every year. The Sessions of Legislative Assembly are presided by Speaker. The Speaker certifies that whether a bill is ordinary bill or money bill. Generally he does not participate in voting but he casts his vote in
1026-697: The Rajya Sabha , which represents the states , are elected by the members of State legislative assemblies by proportional representation , except for 12 members who are nominated by the president. In Bihar Vidhan Parishad , 1/3 of the total members in the house gets elected every 2 years with 6-year term. As of 2023, there are two main political formations: the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which comprises Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP, Indian People's Party), Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) (LJP (RV)) and Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party (RLJP); and
1080-563: The civil disobedience movement . He was released after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact and again started with his nationalist work and work with the Kisan Sabha. On 9 January 1932 he was sentenced to two years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1,000. He was released from Hazaribagh Jail in October 1933. He was involved in relief and rehabilitation after the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake . He
1134-536: The district courts of the State governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account of the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a district level. Bihar has 37 district courts in total. The Civil Court/District Court is judged by District and Sessions Judge. It is the principal court of original civil jurisdiction besides
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#17328586295981188-510: The states while lieutenant governors or administrator exist in union territories . According to the Constitution of India , the Governor is a state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. The governor acts as the nominal head whereas the real power lies with the Chief ministers of the states and his/her councils of ministers. The Governor of a State is appointed by
1242-538: The Bihar Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir , Sanskrit College at Patna, Rabindra Parishad at Patna, the statue of Buddha at Rajgir Venu Van Vihar , as well as an orphanage at Muzaffarpur . The then prime minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru sent Paul H. Appleby to assess the administration in states and in his famous report, he described Bihar as "the best governed state in India" due to the leadership of Shri Krishna Sinha and A.N. Sinha. Legally,
1296-524: The British rule. He gave up practising law in 1921 to take part in Gandhi's non-cooperation movement . He was arrested for the first time in 1922 and Congress Seva Dal was declared illegal. For this he was known as Bihar Kesari by the people. He was released from jail in 1923 and on the day of Tulsi Jayanti performed in the play Bharat Darshan at Central School, Kharagpur . In the same year he became member of
1350-571: The High Court of the State and which derives its jurisdiction in civil matters primarily from the code of civil procedure. The district court is also a court of sessions when it exercises its jurisdiction on criminal matters under the Code of Criminal Procedure . The district court is presided over by a district judge appointed by the state governor with on the advice of chief justice of that high court. In addition to
1404-497: The Indian people. Along with A.N. Sinha, the first deputy chief minister cum finance minister of Bihar, he is considered by some to be one of the makers of modern Bihar. Sinha was always interested in self-study and his ideas and speeches were noted for their wisdom. He was a staunch opponent of castes and defended the oppressed. Impressed by his courage, in 1940 Gandhi described him as "the first Satyagrahi " of Bihar while A.N. Sinha
1458-828: The PRDA was set up in 1975 and was formed in 1979 under the provision of Patna Regional Development Authority act 1978 for preparation of Regional Plan, Master Plan and Zonal Plan. In October 2016, Bihar cabinet approved the Patna master plan 2031 which envisages development of Bihta Airport . Bihar government is acquiring 126 acres of land for construction of the new airport. 17.6 km of area in Dumri Village in Punpun block of Patna (PMR) has been allocated for IT Park. The area of jurisdiction of Patna Regional Development Authority covers an approximately 234.70 Square Kilometers comprising Government of Bihar Like other states in India ,
1512-719: The President of India. The factors based on which the President evaluates the candidates is not mentioned in the Constitution. In his ex-officio capacity, the Governor of Bihar is Chancellor of the universities of Bihar (at present 12) as per the Acts of the Universities. In the Republic of India , a chief minister is the elected head of government of the each state out of 28 states and sometimes
1566-500: The President of the BPCC in 1936 with A.N. Sinha as his deputy, a member of its working committee and the two held the positions for over thirty years. On 20 July 1937, he became the Premier of Bihar province when Congress came to power. Under the Government of India Act of 1935 , Sinha formed his Cabinet at Patna on 20 July 1937. He and his colleague A.N. Sinha disagreed with the governor on
1620-441: The assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits . In 1946 First Cabinet of Bihar formed; consisting of two members, Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha as first Chief Minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha as Bihar's first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister (also in charge of Labour, Health, Agriculture and Irrigation). Other ministers were inducted later. The cabinet served as
1674-573: The case of tie. The current strength of the House is 243. The Vidhan Parishad is also known as Legislative Council. Bihar Legislative Council is a permanent body and not subject to dissolution. But as nearly as possible, one-third of the members thereof retire as soon as may be on the expiration of every second year. Members are now elected or nominated for six years and one-third of them retire every second year. The presiding officers of Vidhan Parishad are now known as chairman and Deputy Chairman. Members of
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1728-641: The chief minister can be persuaded or forced in the interim to resign or retire by the legislature to which the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible. Sinha successfully defied a motion of no-confidence on five occasions. Sinha maintained good working relations with the secretariat officials and protected police from demoralization which could have been caused by having done away with their pre-independence legacy of tyranny, domination, intimidation and oppression. He emphasised that in democratic India, policemen symbolised efficiency, service, protection, and help to
1782-459: The constraints and hindrances to the growth of agriculture, but some critics thought he was less enthusiastic about post-zamindari agrarian reforms. Yet, some leftists grant credit to Sinha for the passing of the Bihar Tenancy Act in the early years. Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer said that Sinha was among those who were "heavyweights in their own right and brought into political administration
1836-518: The country to abolish the zamindari system. He underwent terms of imprisonment for a total of about eight years in British India . Sinha's mass meetings brought many people to hear him. He was known as Bihar Kesari for his "lionlike roars" in public speaking. His close friend and Gandhian Bihar Vibhuti A.N. Sinha in his essay Mere Shri Babu wrote that, "Since 1921, the History of Bihar has been
1890-490: The district judge there are a number of additional district and sessions judges and assistant district judges. The additional district judge and the court presided over by the additional district judge have equivalent rank, status and jurisdiction as the district judge and presiding court. Assistant sessions judge is subordinate to the district judge and additional(s). India has a quasi-federal form of government, called "union" or "central" government, with elected officials at
1944-711: The event, Kumar said, "Mr. Sinha's contributions, as the first Chief Minister of Bihar, cannot be over-stated. He was the first one to sow the seeds of progress in the state and his administrative skills are yet to be matched." A unanimous resolution was also adopted to confer Bharat Ratna to Bihar Kesari Sri Babu at Sadaqat Ashram , the Congress headquarters in Patna. The event was attended by veteran party leaders including former Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar , former Kerala & Nagaland Governor Nikhil Kumar , former union minister of state Shakeel Ahmad , former union minister of state K.K.Tiwary, Congress legislature party leader in
1998-527: The first Bihar Government after independence in 1947. From 1946, 23 people have been Chief Minister of Bihar. The inaugural holder was Sri Krishna Sinha of the Indian National Congress , he also has the longest incumbency. The current incumbent is Nitish Kumar who is having incumbency since 22 February 2015. Despite being not mentioned in the constitution or law, the Deputy-Chief minister office
2052-715: The first railroad bridge on the Ganges river in independent India, the Rajendra Setu in Mokama in 1959. Arun Kumar says Sinha made an "immense contribution in the cultural and social development of the state". He established the Rajendra Chatra Niwas at Calcutta for Bihari students, Anugraha Narayan Sinha Institute of Social Studies at Patna, Netarhat school at Ranchi , Engineering college at Muzaffarpur , Bhagalpur , Jamshedpur , Sindri , Gaya , Motihari , Lok Rangshala of
2106-482: The head of state of Bihar is the Governor , appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government . The head of state is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments. The Patna High Court , located in Patna, has jurisdiction over
2160-427: The history of the life of Shri Babu" . The 'Bihar Kesari' never visited his constituency to ask for votes as he believed that his work will speak for him. The former President of India , Pratibha Patil , released a book on the letters of exchange between Sinha and prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru titled Freedom and Beyond . The correspondence between Nehru and Sinha touches on subjects such as Indian democracy in
2214-466: The issue of the release of political prisoners and resigned. The then-governor had to accede to the demands for release of prisoners from Cellular Jail (Kalapani) and the Bihar Tenancy Act was reformed in favour of peasants. They then resumed office. But they again resigned in 1939, as did all Congress chief ministers, over the question of involving India in the Second World War without the consent of
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2268-942: The leadership of Sinha and A.N. Sinha. This includes several river valley projects from Koshi , Aghaur, and Sakri to other such river projects. The first five-year plan period was given to the development in rural development works mainly in the agricultural sector. Bihar became the top state in the country's first five-year plan. From the second five-year plan period, Sinha brought several heavy industries like Barauni Refinery , Heavy Engineering Corporation at Ranchi , Bokaro Steel Plant , Barauni Fertiliser Plant , Barauni Thermal Power Station , Damodar Valley Corporation , Patratu Thermal Power Station , Scooter Factory in Fatuha, Pyrite Phosphate Chemical Limited and Sulphur mines at Amjhaur, Sindri Fertiliser Plant, Kargali Coal Washery, Garhara locomotive shed. He wanted to build an industrial corridor through Begusarai-Bakhtiyarpur-Fatuha, so he constructed
2322-542: The making in the early years of Independence, Centre-State relations, role of governor, turbulence in Nepal, zamindari abolition, and education. Sinha was known for his scholarship and for being a polymath. He gave his personal collection of 17,000 books to the public library in Munger in 1959 which is now named after him as Sri Krishna Seva Shadan which is reportedly now in poor condition due to lack of funding. Shri Krishna Sinha
2376-401: The people. Caste played no role in promotion, transfer, posting and in working relationship of police officials with ministers or the chief minister in the fifties. S.Q. Rizvi, a retired senior Indian Police Service official, said, "About the qualities of head and heart of this great man, it could be summed up in three words ' Humanism , Integrity and Secularism '. Dr. Shri Krishna Sinha was
2430-399: The secretary to the governor assists the council of ministers. The council of ministers consists of cabinet ministers, ministers of state and deputy ministers. The chief minister is assisted by the chief secretary, who is the head of the administrative services. State governments in India are the governments ruling states of India and the chief minister heads the state government. Power
2484-562: The state assembly & former Speaker Sadanand Singh, National Media Panelist Prem Chandra Mishra , and the AICC general secretary and in charge of Bihar, C. P. Joshi , among others who spoke on Shri Babu's profile and his contributions to social and economic development of the state of Bihar. They, in their turn, recalled several state and national leaders of the party cutting across religion and castes established and promoted by Sinha based on their merit. The Bharatiya Janata Party also organised
2538-475: The union, state and local levels. At the national level, the head of government , the prime minister , is appointed by the president of India from the party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha . The members of the Lok Sabha (Center) and Bihar Vidhan Sabha are directly elected for a term of five years by universal adult suffrage through a first-past-the-post voting system. Members of
2592-582: The upper house, the Legislative Council are indirectly elected through an electoral college. There are 27 Committees which are, at present, functional in the council. Besides, there are three Financial Committees consisting of the members of the two Houses of the State Legislature. The Patna High Court ( Hindi : पटना उच्च न्यायालय ) is the High Court of the state of Bihar. The Patna High Court
2646-506: The whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral . The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha ( Bihar Legislative Assembly ) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad ( Bihar Legislative Council ). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier. The Governors of the states of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as those of the President of India at Union level. Governors exist in
2700-453: Was born in a Bhumihar family on 21 October 1887 in the village of Maur, Barbigha in the Munger district of Bengal Presidency (now part of Sheikhpura district ). His mother died of plague when he was five years old. He was educated in the village school and at Zila School in Munger. In 1906 he joined Patna College , which was then an affiliate of the University of Calcutta . He obtained
2754-571: Was formally opened by the same Viceroy on 3 February 1916. Hon. Sir Justice Edward Maynard Des Champs Chamier was the first Chief Justice of Patna High Court. This High Court has given two Chief Justices of India : Hon'ble Mr. Justice Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha , the 6th C.J.I. , and Hon. Mr. Justice Lalit Mohan Sharma , the 24th C.J.I.. Hon. Mr Justice K. Vinod Chandran is the current Chief Justice of Patna High Court. Patna High Court has strength of 53 Judges which includes 40 permanent and 13 additional judges. The District Courts of India are
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#17328586295982808-684: Was the President of Munger Zila Parishad from 1934 to 1937. In 1935, he was elected President of the Bihar Provincial Congress Committee in 1935 and 1953. He was elected to the Central Legislature in 1935–36. Shri Sinha was elected to the Bihar Legislature Assembly in 1935, 1946, 1952 and 1957 and re-elected leader of the Congress Legislature Party in all the three successive terms. Sinha was also
2862-577: Was the chief minister of Bihar from the time of the first Congress Ministry in 1937 until his death in 1961. Along with the Desh Ratna Rajendra Prasad and Bihar Vibhuti Anugrah Narayan Sinha (A.N. Sinha), Sinha is regarded among the architects of modern Bihar. He also led the Dalit entry into the Baidyanath Dham temple ( Vaidyanath Temple, Deoghar ). He was the first chief minister in
2916-517: Was the second. He was jailed for nine months (22 November 1940 – 26 August 1941). During the Quit India movement, which started in 1942, he was arrested on 10 August. He was released in 1944 from Hazaribagh jail after he became seriously ill. In the same year his wife died at Prince of Wales Medical College . As the former chief minister of Bihar he attended the Simla Conference and also became
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