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94-545: Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir or better known as Pangeran Ratu (died 1651) was the ruler of Banten in Northwest Java , Indonesia , and was the first ruler anywhere on the island of Java to take the title of sultan , which he took in 1638, under the Arabic name Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir. This set a precedent for Sultan Agung of Mataram soon afterwards to take the title himself. Pangeran Ratu reigned during

188-554: A Muslim militia, was established in Tangerang. The goal of this movement was to establish an Islamic nation in Indonesia. This movement later became a part of DI/TII rebel group. On 31 October 1945, Laskar Hitam kidnapped Otto Iskandardinata , the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of State. He was presumed to have been murdered at Mauk beach, Tangerang on 20 December 1945. Tangerang city

282-626: A blockade of the Banten harbour, which went uninterrupted for some 15 years. In retaliation, the Banten government placed an embargo on all pepper exports to Batavia. However, as the Dutch blockade was in place, they patrolled the Bay of Banten, harassing and marauding trading ships, preventing traditional Asian traders, especially Chinese from coming to Banten. As the result, bulks of unwanted pepper sacks stockpiled and accumulated in Banten warehouses. This blockade struck

376-403: A decade, Banten had lost two of its important settlements previously acquired from the former Kingdom of Sunda; Jayakarta to the Dutch, and Pajajaran to Mataram. Fearing the common enemy has led for both Banten and Batavia to repair their relations. Batavia feared that possible Muslim alliance would put Banten into Mataram camp, while Banten feared that their kingdom would become the next target for

470-566: A large country located west of the Untung Jawa River, and to fill the new land the Sultan of Banten had displaced 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants. In the Dag Register dated December 20, 1668, it was reported that the Sultan of Banten had appointed Raden Sena Pati and Kyai Demang as rulers. On suspicion of seizing the kingdom, Raden Sena Pati and Kyai Demang were sacked by the Sultan. Prince Dipati

564-543: A letter to his grandfather, proclaiming independence of Cirebon from Sunda. According to the Suma Oriental , written in 1512–1515 by Tomé Pires , a Portuguese explorer, it was reported that the port of Banten still belonged to the Hindu Kingdom of Sunda, while Cirebon had been established as an Islamic state. "First the king of Çumda (Sunda) with his great city of Dayo , the town and lands and port of Bantam (Banten),

658-603: A major project; 1.80 metres thick brick ramparts were built encircling the entire city which spanned 8 kilometres. Maulana Yusuf also led the construction of the Great Mosque of Banten , perhaps built upon an older and simpler structure. Also during this period, Hasanuddin decided to launch the final blow to what remained of the Kingdom of Sunda . Maulana Yusuf led the attack on Dayeuh Pakuan , its capital city located in modern Bogor . After losing its most important port Sunda Kelapa ,

752-638: A modest profit. In 1600 the Dutch set up the Dutch East Indies Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) with the aim to bypass the spice trade. Unlike the Portuguese in Malacca which at that time quite harmoniously integrated into the Asian trade system involving various states in the region including Banten; the Dutch as a newcomer had a different approach, they planned on seizing control of

846-579: A new palace right in the heart of the newly improved lands in Tirtayasa village. The term Tirtayasa itself means "water management" or " hydraulics ", which properly describes the sultan's pride project. This new idyllic farmland abode has led to the nickname of the sultan, who was thenceforth famously known as Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa . Tangerang It has not only functioned as a dormitory city, as there are many industrial areas such as Jatake, and several business districts, including CBD Alam Sutera in

940-408: A peace treaty with Demak and Cirebon in 1531. Gunungjati crowned Hasanudin as the temenggong of Banten with authority bestowed by the Sultan of Demak Trenggana who, in turn, offered Hasanudin his sister's hand in marriage. This resulted in the establishment of a new dynasty and a new kingdom. Old Banten (currently part of Serang town) was the capital of this kingdom, and was held as a province under

1034-450: A place on the east side of the river, bordering the VOC. When fighting with Banten, Soeradilaga and his war experts succeeded in repelling Bantenesu troops. For his services, he was given the honorary title of Raden Aria Suryamanggala, while Prince Subraja was given the title of Kyai Dipati Soetadilaga. Subsequently, Raden Aria Soetadilaga was appointed Regent of Tangerang I with an area covering

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1128-691: A prosperous trading time, from which his empire gained considerable wealth; however it was also a period of increasing European influence in Western Java. In 1603, the first permanent trading post of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was established in Banten , and in 1602 the English were also given a trading post there. Jayakarta (modern Jakarta ) was then a vassal of Banten, which both the English and Dutch sought for its natural harbor. Bantenese forces held

1222-511: A royal hostage. The proposal was declined by the Sultan of Banten. By 1651 the Anglo-Dutch Wars erupted in Europe, which subsequently affected Batavian relations with English trading interests in Banten. The war reflected with the fierce trading competition and clashes between Dutch East India Company and British East India Company . Dutch Batavia once again imposed a blockade upon Banten, since

1316-451: A serious rival for Banten, later contributing to its decline. During the middle of 17th century several conflicts between Banten and the Dutch in Batavia, just 60 miles separated along the northern coast of Java, occurred. In 1619, the mercurial VOC Governor General J.P. Coen stormed and burnt Jayakarta to the ground and ousted Banten authority from the city. From its ashes they established

1410-462: A severe blow to commerce, thus pushing some Chinese merchants to move out from Banten and resettling in Batavia. Facing this profound crisis, Prince Ranamenggala called up a great council meeting. The conclusion of this meeting is; the European were to be blame for the troubles, and to get rid of them, Banten should forfeit the commodity they coveted the most; pepper. Ranamenggala decided to pull off all

1504-478: Is an inseparable part of the identity of the City of Tangerang. The headwaters of this river are located on the slopes of Mount Salak and Mount Pangrango , Bogor . Topographically, Tangerang City is mostly located at an altitude of 10–30 meters above sea level, aka the whole area is in the lowlands. The northern part of the city (covering most of Benda District ) has an average height of 10 meters above sea level, while

1598-435: Is known as Pagarage war or Pacirebonan war that took place in 1650. Banten was victorious, while Cirebon-Mataram forces were vanquished. Also in 1650, the heir apparent and also the co-reign Abu al-Ma'ali, died without ascending the throne of his father Abu al-Mafakhir. Ma'ali's son, Prince Surya, the future Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa , was chosen to be his successor. A year later in 1651, old Sultan Abu al-Mufakhir died, thus at

1692-565: Is marked with an intense and vigorous relations with both Batavia and Mataram. In 1628, the English returned to Banten, which helped the commerce in Banten against their common rival, the Dutch in Batavia. Towards the end of 1620s Mataram Sultanate grew to become a dominant power in Java and was involved in power contest with Dutch East India Company (VOC), and launched sieges on Batavia twice in 1628 and 1629. During this Javanese campaign, Banten lost Pajajaran and Priangan to Mataram. Thus in just

1786-543: Is the current mayor of Tangerang, having served since 2013. His tenure is set to end in December 2023. The municipal legislature is the Tangerang City Regional People's Representative Council  [ id ] , which has 50 members. The city is counted as two electoral districts (7th and 8th) in the provincial legislature  [ id ] with 16 of 100 seats, and is nationally represented as part of

1880-461: Is working on expanding the toll road system to accommodate more traffic flow to and from the area. Tangerang is the corporations' alternative to move or build their offices from Jakarta due to the heavy traffic and crowds, such as Unilever Indonesia , Kino Group, and Alfa Group . According to F. de Haan's writings taken from the VOC archives, reports that the Banten Sultanate had created

1974-481: The Angke River and Cisadane River . The title he used was Aria Soetidilaga I. Then with an agreement signed on April 17, 1684, Tangerang became part of the territory of the VOC; Banten did not have the right to intervene in regulating governance in Tangerang. One of the articles of the agreement reads: "And it must be known with certainty the extent to which the boundaries of the territory that have been understood since

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2068-543: The Banten III electoral district . The city of Tangerang is divided into thirteen districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district, and the names of these villages with their postal codes. Note: (a) Ciledug and Larangan Districts are situated in

2162-545: The Portuguese fleet was arriving of the coast at Sunda Kelapa to capture these towns. Subsequently, the Portuguese fleet that intended to establish a coastal fortress was defeated by the combined Cirebon and Demak forces. Gunungjati and his son settled in Banten Girang, and took control of both the port of Banten and Kelapa, while Surawisesa , the king of Sunda at that time was powerless to prevent this takeover and signed

2256-416: The nayaka nobles, Prince Ranamanggala ascended to power as a new regent. Ranamanggala restored the state's authority on commercial affairs; levying taxes, imposing prices and the volume of trade. He also exiled the ponggawa elites to the port of Jayakarta in the east, stripping the merchants' power altogether. This strong new policy showed disregard for the principles of free trade did not sit well with

2350-567: The Bantenese often attacked suddenly. According to a map made in 1692, the oldest post is located at the mouth of the Cisadane River , to the north of Kampung Baru . However, when a new post was established, the location shifted to the south at the mouth of the Tangerang River. According to the archives of Gewone Resolutie van het Casteel Batavia , on April 3, 1705, there were plans to demolish

2444-451: The Danish to trade in Banten; both opened trading office in Banten, established their trading ports in coastal India, and revived the once thriving trade of Indian colourful clothes. The lucrative trade with China, that once was very strong however, was not recovered since it was taken over by Batavia. Nevertheless, the state of Banten has regained its prestige as an important trading emporium in

2538-533: The Dutch and the English. A few years later the Dutch and English followed suit, they went to Jayakarta to establish a new trade post. After conflict with the Dutch over the pepper trade in 1619, the Dutch East India Company Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen took the port of Jayakarta from Banten. He founded Batavia (now Jakarta) on the ruins of this Javanese town, which became the centre of VOC operation and

2632-899: The Jakarta-Merak Toll Road, is expected to bring substantial benefits to the region, both in terms of mobility and socio-economic growth. Below is a detailed analysis and comprehensive conclusion on the anticipated impacts and future prospects of this important infrastructure project for the Tangerang region The Transjakarta Corridor 13 that serve CBD Ciledug – Tegal Mampang – CBD Ciledug. The Transjakarta Corridor T11 that serve Bundaran Senayan – Poris Plawad – Bundaran Senayan The feeder buses of Transjakarta serves commuters from Bumi Serpong Damai and Bintaro Jaya. There are also private shuttle bus services from Jakarta to private residential area such as Lippo Karawaci and Citra Raya. The "Tayo" Trans Kota Tangerang Corridor 3 CBD Ciledug – TangCity – CBD Ciledug Several taxi companies operating in

2726-525: The Sultanate of Cirebon. Sultan Hasanuddin planned on reviving the fortunes of the ancient kingdom of Sunda — the rice and spice trade , especially pepper. One of his earliest decisions was to travel to southern Sumatra (today Lampung province), which had traditionally belonged to the kingdom of Sunda, and from which the bulk of the pepper sold in the Sundanese region came. He was keen to assure himself of

2820-434: The age of 25, Sultan Ageng replacing his grandfather and rose to become the sole sovereign of Banten. The youthful Prince Surya, who ruled as Sultan Ageng , inherited the kingdom from his grandfather in a rather favourable condition; united, prosperous and well respected. He chose his close friend Kyai Mangunjaya to be his prime minister. During his reign the Banten and Mataram Sultanates were involved in rivalry to dominate

2914-482: The agreements three years later with the kingdom of Jambi acting as intermediary. Banten demanded the right to re-establish trade with Moluccas and the Malay Peninsula, while Batavia demanded the extradition of fugitives that found refuge in Banten. The peace treaty was signed in 1659. Beginning in 1653 Sultan Ageng launched agricultural reform, including developing new settlements along the Cisadane River , right on

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3008-586: The ambassador of Mataram arrived and proposed an alliance, which was declined by Banten that now set their eyes on Cirebon . At that time Cirebon was a vassal state as well as the westernmost province of Mataram. Historically Banten and Cirebon are linked through their common ancestral founding father Sunan Gunung Jati, and Banten saw the currently weakened Cirebon as rightfully belongs within Banten's sphere of influence. In 1650, two diplomatic missions from Mataram arrived at Banten, they demanded Banten sovereign to submit to Mataram king's suzerainty . The Great Council

3102-411: The ambitious Sultan Agung to unite Java. Ultimately Mataram failed to capture Batavia. Later Mataram was gradually weakened through struggle of successions of Javanese princes and Dutch involvements in internal Mataram court affair. Between 1629 and 1631, a major agricultural project were underway; digging canals, building dams etc. to produce rice as well as a new export commodity; sugar . The English

3196-405: The archipelago. As its wealth restored, Banten has established diplomatic relations with neighboring kingdoms; from Palembang, Aceh , Johor , Indragiri, Mataram, Bali , and Makassar as far as sending envoy to Coromandel coast. The trade with English and Danish had enabled Banten to buy arms and developed troops of trained musketeers , improving city fortifications and buying cannons. In 1644

3290-427: The area around Soekarno-Hatta International Airport . In recent years, Jakarta's urban expansion has encompassed Tangerang, and as a result many residents commute to Jakarta for work, or vice versa. Many middle-class and upper-class satellite cities are being developed in Tangerang, complete with shopping centers, private schools and mini markets. The government is working on developing a toll road system to accommodate

3384-462: The area's center of economy, business, commerce, and education. Tangerang is also home for Soekarno–Hatta International Airport which serves the Jakarta metropolitan area and is Indonesia's main gateway. The city is an industrial and manufacturing hub on Java and is home to over 1,000 factories. Many international corporations have plants in the city. Tangerang tends to be hot and humid, with little in

3478-505: The area. Located just next to Jakarta on the west with many road access and improved infrastructure, such as new toll road, it is one of the favorite location for property seekers and investors in the Jabodetabek area. Tangerang, along with the neighbouring South Tangerang , is where many large-scale developers have created built-up areas such as BSD City , Gading Serpong , Alam Sutera , Modernland , and Lippo Village , and now becoming

3572-448: The buildings in the post because they only had bamboo walls. Then the building was proposed to be replaced with a wall. Governor-General Hendrick Zwaardecroon strongly agreed with the proposal, and was even instructed to build a wallei fence around the buildings in the guard posts, so that the Bantenese could not attack. The new fort that would be built was planned to have a wall 20 feet thick or more. There will be placed 30 Europeans under

3666-464: The city government began requiring municipal employees to abide by Islamic dress codes. In 2021, a fire at Tangerang prison killed at least 41 inmates and injured 80 people. In September 2024, Alice Guo went back to the Philippines following her arrest in Tangerang. Tangerang City is located in the northwest region of Banten Province and is on the north side of Java Island . Astronomically,

3760-478: The city is located 106°33'–106°44' east longitude and 6°05'–6°15 south latitude. Tangerang City has an area of 164.55 km .[5] The city is bordered by Tangerang Regency to the west and north, South Tangerang to the south, and Jakarta to the east. Cisadane River that crosses Tangerang City. Tangerang City is crossed by one of the largest rivers in the west of Java, namely the Cisadane River. This river

3854-472: The coast at the mouth of the Cibanten River. A settlement had already existed at this place as evidenced by its harbour activities, however the settlement's seat of political power was in Banten Girang. The royal city was founded on the delta , formed by the two arms of the river. Two main streets running north–south and east–west divided the city into quarters. The royal palace was surrounded by residences of

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3948-471: The coast on the Cibanten River, in what is today a suburb of Serang town. It was known as Banten Girang , meaning "Upper Banten" owing to its location. This town previously was a native Hindu Sundanese principality that was held under the Kingdom of Sunda . A grandson of the King of Sunda, Sri Baduga Maharaja (also known as Prabu Siliwangi ) was an ulama named Sunan Gunungjati (Sharif Hidayatullah). He

4042-532: The dismay of the powerful King Hanyokrokusumo of Mataram that subsequently also sent envoys to Mecca to acquire this much coveted honorific title of Islamic world. The ratification of peace treaty in 1639 forced Banten to recognize the state of Batavia, forego all trade with the Moluccas, and its ships should obtain pass permit issued by Batavia. In exchange, Batavia lifted the blockade upon Banten, increased trade with Batavia, and neutrality if not Dutch assistance in

4136-454: The eastern port accommodated domestic trade with smaller vessels, and where the retail market was also located. A ship-wright to repair ships was located on the eastern side of the city. Hasanuddin tried to invade multiple times during the reign of Ratu Dewata , however his efforts failed due to the strong defense employed by the Sundanese army. After 20 years the new dynasty was so firmly established that Hasanuddin had no hesitation in leaving

4230-493: The event of possible attack by Mataram in the future. Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir implemented the decentralisation policy that allowed merchants to acquire commodities directly from Sumatran ports colony of Banten; such as Bengkulu, Silebar, Semangka, and Lampung. Having tasted a benefit of trade has encouraged these ports to be independent from Banten; Bengkulu rebelled in 1640 while Lampung rebelled in 1641 and 1644, all of them were crushed by Banten's force. The Dutch grew mightier in

4324-425: The first Dutch foothold in the archipelago, the fortified port town of Batavia (now Jakarta ). This new foreign-controlled town soon will become the nemesis for Banten and bears a great repercussion, not only for Banten, but upon the whole archipelago. Coen soon moved on to his next objective; to control the trade in the area by implementing a monopoly on all trading activities. In order to do this, he put into effect

4418-434: The first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia was established in Banten. With the infant king and the absence of a decisive central figure, the government was taken over by the regency council. The expulsion of the Portuguese had led to both Dutch and English vying for control of the city. The court itself was divided into two competing factions, and civil war erupted in 1602. Peace was not restored until 1609 when one of

4512-1013: The following are the roads and highway in the city : Main Road ;: Highway : Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is the main hub for air transport in Jakarta Metropolitan Area as well as Tangerang. Air-conditioned public bus shuttle is available from the airport to destinations in Jakarta. This is operated by DAMRI , a state-owned company. Jakarta–Merak Toll Road and Cengkareng-Batuceper-Kunciran Toll Road provide highway connections from Jakarta and surrounding cities. KRL Commuterline serves from either Batu Ceper , Poris , Tanah Tinggi or Tangerang stations to Duri , with connecting lines to stations across Jabodetabek. Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link stops at Batu Ceper Station, providing direct access to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport via Soekarno-Hatta Airport Station and Soekarno-Hatta Airport Skytrain people mover. In

4606-522: The former territory of Sunda and proclaimed his kingdom as the successor of Sunda. Sumedang Larang would later become part of the Mataram Sultanate . The sacred stone ( watu gigilang ) that was serving as the sovereign's throne of the Sunda Kingdom was taken away and placed at the street intersection in the royal square of Banten, thus marking the end of the Sundanese dynasty. Henceforth, this stone

4700-486: The future, Tangerang City will have Phase 3 of the Jakarta MRT from Cikarang to Balaraja MRT Jakarta Phase 3, set to extend from Cikarang in the east to Balaraja in the west, is a transformative infrastructure project poised to significantly enhance the transportation network and foster economic development across the Jakarta metropolitan area. Specifically, Phase 3B, which will traverse the key areas of Kota Tangerang along

4794-537: The growth of satellite towns in the greater Jakarta region, which includes Tangerang, the area is now home to many new migrants from all parts of Indonesia. Some notable planned town and housing complex in the city are Alam Sutera (the CBD area, while most of its area located in Serpong , South Tangerang city, Lippo Village (North), Banjar Wijaya, and Modernland (Kota Modern). Tangerang is connected to Trans-Java Toll Road , and

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4888-476: The head of the regency council that insisted on the protection of the inheritance and rights of the child prince Muhammad. The tension increased and almost broke into a war of succession, yet being undone in the last minute due to the reversal of the Prime Minister who withdrew his support for Pangeran Japara. Claude Guillot, a historian on Banten, argues that in the Banten court there was two competing factions;

4982-488: The historic Tangerang area, also called 'Benteng' locally. Most of the old settlements in Tangerang have colonial, Chinese districts, such as at Sewan, Pasar Lama, Pasar Baru, Benteng Makasar, Kapling and Karawaci Lama (the precursor to Lippo Karawaci). One can find any food and all things Chinese there. In addition, a large proportion of Benteng Chinese have traditionally been rural dwellers, engaged in agricultural activities, such as farming and livestock production. Due to

5076-902: The impact of Jakarta's growing economy continues, Tangerang has become an alternative location for some corporations in which to build their offices due to crowds and land prices. CBD in Alam Sutera is the notable central business district, comprising several corporations, business centers, apartments, and educational facilities. Some headquarters of big corporations are located here, such as Kino Group, Alfamart, Deltomed, Top Food, and more. It also has several business center nearby, such as Lippo Karawaci and Gading Serpong , both are located in Tangerang Regency. Garuda Indonesia , and Sriwijaya Air have their head offices at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport . There are plans by CFLD Indonesia to develop part of Tangerang, namely Tangerang New City, into

5170-485: The increasing traffic flow to and from Tangerang. Tangerang was once part of the West Java Province whose western and northwestern cities and regencies were separated off in 2000 to become the new Banten Province. Tangerang's economy depends highly on service sectors, trading, financial service, and manufacturing. Jatake, which is Tangerang's biggest industrial area, is home to over 1,000 industrial corporations. As

5264-551: The kingdom in 1546 to take part in a military expedition against Pasuruan in eastern Java , at the request of Sultan Trenggana, the third sultan of Demak . At that time, Banten was still under the suzerainty of Demak, and thus were obliged to fulfill the duty as a vassal state to participate in Demak's endeavour. During this venture, the Demak Sultan lost his life, and it is likely that Hasanuddin took advantage of his suzerain's death and

5358-531: The kingdom, already deprived of its trading revenues, was of symbolic importance only. Nilakendra , the Sundanese ruler at that time, decided to move the center of government to Pulasari (present-day Pandeglang Regency ). The already-weakened kingdom put up little resistance and henceforth Banten ruled over the territory of the former Kingdom of Sunda west of the Citarum River. Geusan Ulun, the ruler of Sumedang Larang , refused to acknowledge Banten's authority over

5452-664: The land of Tateguall ( Tegal ), the land of Camaram ( Semarang ), the land of Demaa ( Demak )." Suma Oriental . Although at first well received by the Sunda authorities, once news of the Portuguese-Sunda alliance in 1522 became known, Gunungjati asked the Demak Sultanate to send troops to Banten, starting the Demak-Sundanese war . It was likely that his son Hasanudin commanded this military operation in 1527, just as

5546-591: The late 17th century, it was overshadowed by Batavia and was finally annexed to the Dutch East Indies in 1813. Its core territory now forms the Indonesian province of Banten . Today, in Old Banten , the Great Mosque of Banten is an important destination for tourists and for pilgrims from across Indonesia and from overseas. Prior to 1526, a settlement called Banten was situated about ten kilometres inland from

5640-402: The leadership of a Vandrig and 28 Makassarese who will live outside the fort. The basic material for the fort is bricks obtained from Tangerang Regent Aria Soetadilaga I. After the fort was completed it was manned by 60 Europeans and 30 Blacks as well as Makassarese recruited as VOC soldiers. This fort later became the base of the VOC in the face of the rebellion from Banten. Then in 1801, it

5734-418: The liberals represented by Ponggawa civil servants and merchants, and the elitist Nayaka and Santana nobilities who favoured strong government control. The rise of the child prince as the successor was a victory for the liberals which saw more years of economic liberty without too much interference from the royal household. Prince Muhammad ascended to the throne in 1580 when he was 9 years of age. During

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5828-472: The loyalty of these agriculturally wealthy areas as soon as possible and to guarantee supplies of pepper for his ports, since it was on this spice that all international trade was based and, hence, in which the wealth of his kingdom lay. Having established control over the ports and the pepper trade, Hasanuddin decided to build a new capital, to symbolise the new era which was beginning. On the advice of his father, Sunan Gunungjati , he chose to construct it on

5922-410: The most advanced new industrial township which will encompass 4 pillars industry park – Electronics & ICT, Construction Materials, Automotive and Machinery & Equipment Industrial Parks. Tangerang has a significant community of Chinese Indonesians , many of whom are of Cina Benteng extraction. They are part of the country's Peranakan Chinese community, but with deep, centuries-old roots in

6016-457: The next year a peace treaty with Batavia was signed and ratified later in 1639. In 1636, the sovereign sent envoy to Mecca for the first time, and two years later the diplomatic delegation returned with the prestigious title of " sultan " bestowed by the Grand Shareef of Mecca upon the king of Banten. This was the first sultan title officially bestowed by Mecca upon the king of Java, which much to

6110-526: The outskirts of Batavia. Thousands of acres of land were cleared and planted with coconut trees, and around twenty thousand people were transmigrated to the new settlement. The development also included lands along the north coast between Banten and Batavia. An irrigation project was conducted in Tanara between 1663 and 1664; a canal was dug as far as the Pasilyan River and connected to Cisadane. The second phase of

6204-461: The pagan kingdom of Sunda, Muhammad was eager to find fame of his own by expanding his realm. By 1596 the siege of Palembang was set in place, and when victory seemed within his grasp, a sudden tragedy happened as a cannonball struck and killed the king on his ship when he was sailing on the Musi River by the city. With the sudden death of the young monarch, Banten's expansionist policy was shattered, as

6298-508: The past will still be determined, namely the area bounded by Tangerang from the Java Sea coast to the mountains to the South Sea. That all land along Tangerang will belong to or be occupied by the VOC". With the agreement, the regent's territory expanded to the west of the Tangerang river. To monitor Tangerang, it was deemed necessary to add more guard posts along the Tangerang river border, because

6392-440: The pepper plants in the region in a desperate effort to restore peace of the kingdom. This suicidal policy proved immensely disastrous for commerce as merchants suffered the biggest losses, so much so that merchants put pressure to the court that led to the resignation of Prince Ranamenggala in 1624 in favour of the heir to the throne, now coming of age, the 28 year old Abulmufakhir. The reign of Abu al-Mufakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir

6486-421: The port of Pomdam (Pontang), the port of Cheguide (Cigede), the port of Tamgaram ( Tangerang ), the port of Calapa ( Kelapa ), and the port of Chemano (Chi Manuk or Cimanuk), this is Sunda, because the river of Chi Manuk is the limit of both kingdoms. Now comes Java and we must speak of the kings within the hinterland. The land of Cheroboam ( Cirebon ), the land of Japura , the land of Locarj (Losari),

6580-525: The port was the center of British trading interest in the archipelago. This time however, Banten was quite powerful enough to resist Batavian coercion, albeit not on equal footing. Banten adopted rather indirect guerilla warfare, attacking Dutch ships on the high seas by sending fireships, also launching raids and harassing farmlands around Batavia. Starting in 1656, the Chinese merchants of both Banten and Batavia brokered peace talks between two cities that led to

6674-472: The power of his kingdom, the youthful 25 year-old King Muhammad in 1596 launched a military campaign against the principality of Palembang — both by naval fleet and by land army marching through Southern Sumatra. At that time, Palembang was still a Hindu-Buddhist polity, a remnant of Majapahit overseas vassal, which was regarded by Muslim Banten as a pagan state. Inspired by his illustrious grandfather Hasanuddin and his valiant father Maulana Yusuf, that conquered

6768-408: The principal minister of state, and was built on the south side of the royal square while the great mosque on the west side. Foreigners, for the most part merchants, had to live outside the royal city, that is on either side of the delta. The international trade was accommodated in the larger western harbour where Pecinan (Chinatown), European trading post and the foreigner quarters were located, while

6862-681: The project in 1670-1672 was the development between Tanara and Pontang, including the construction of two canals and dams to irrigate new paddy fields being worked by ten thousand new settlers. The last phase, between 1675 and 1677, was the clearing and irrigation of lands between Banten and Anyer. The scale of the project was quite enormous, spanning from outskirts of Batavia to Anyer on the west coast of Java; 40 kilometres of canals were dug, at least 3 dams were built, more than 40,000 hectares of lands were transformed into sawah , about 30,000 people were resettled and large numbers of villages created, and two new towns were planned. In 1678 Sultan Ageng created

6956-519: The region that in 1641 manage to capture Malacca, which led to the disperse of Portuguese merchants elsewhere. Some of them find refuge in Makassar which employed by its king to generate trade in eastern Indonesia. The 1640s was the time of peace for Banten, much appreciated by the merchants. Streams of Banten small boats sailing to Batavia supplying the Dutch city with agricultural products, from coconut oil, rattan, eggs to sugar. The English were followed by

7050-403: The region, while Cirebon stuck in the middle. Although Cirebon had never been attacked by Mataram, since 1619 Cirebon had been practically held under Mataram influences and behaved as the latter's vassal. The Sultan of Mataram tried once again to impose his suzerainty, albeit this time indirectly: he proposed his son the heir apparent be betrothed to Ageng's daughter, while actually intending her as

7144-521: The reign of the young king, Banten continued to flourish as merchants enjoyed relative freedom in trade. Pepper remained Banten's top export commodity. However, the wealth was generated by large numbers of merchants from the ports of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea that was flocking to Banten. The influx of traders filled the tax income of Banten's treasury. Feeling confident of the wealth and

7238-417: The southeast corner of Tangerang City, and are geographically more aligned with South Tangerang City. Tangerang is the center of manufacturing and industry on the island of Java and has more than 1000 factories. Many international companies have factories in this city. Tangerang has a climate that tends to be hot and humid, with little forest or other geographic areas. Certain areas consist of swamps, including

7332-495: The southern part of Tangerang City has a height of 30 meters above sea level. Furthermore, Tangerang City has a soil slope of 0–3% and a small part (i.e. in the southern part of the city) with a slope of between 3%–8% is in Parung Serab, Paninggilan and Cipadu Jaya. Tangerang has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from May to October and heavy rainfall from November to April. Arief Rachadiono Wismansyah

7426-560: The spice trade from the Far East up to Europe. The Portuguese and the Dutch fought fiercely for influence in Banten in the early 17th century, which erupted into a full-scale naval battle on Bay of Banten in 1601, in which the Portuguese fleet was crushed. Other Europeans were soon to follow. The English, who started to sail to the East Indies from around 1600, established a permanent trading post in Banten in 1602 under James Lancaster . In 1603,

7520-485: The territory from both, until the VOC under Jan Pieterszoon Coen burned down the town and drove the Bantenese out, and renamed it Batavia. From 1633 to 1639, another war was fought with the Dutch, which ended with a vague ceasefire commitment. A treaty in 1645 clarified the situation, which held until the reign of Pangeran Ratu's successor, Ageng . Banten Sultanate The Banten Sultanate ( Sundanese : ᮊᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔᮔ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ كسلطانن بنتن , Kasultanan Banten )

7614-631: The throne when he was about 40. He was already an experienced ruler as co-sovereign with his late father. During Yusuf's reign, his younger brother Pangeran Japara returned from Jepara in Central Java. The name of this prince describes that he had spent his life in Jepara , the late king Hasanuddin had entrusted his younger son under the care of Queen Kalinyamat of Jepara. Yusuf chose his young son Prince Muhammad as heir. However, not long after, Yusuf fell ill and died in 1580. The chosen successor, Prince Muhammad

7708-480: The troops retreated and sailed home. The successor, the infant and future Sultan Abulmafakhir was still a few months old, when a few months after the king's death, a new faction of European merchant fleets arrived in Banten. On 27 June 1596 Dutch trade ships led by Cornelis de Houtman , the first Dutch fleet to arrive in East Indies, landed in Banten. On its return to the Netherlands, the voyage (1595–97) generated

7802-418: The troubles which ensued to free his kingdom from any further obligations to this royal house. From the 1550s onwards the kingdom enjoyed a period of great prosperity. Trade saw a significant growth due to the flourishing trade with Portuguese Malacca , a former enemy that despite their political rivalry, saw Portuguese fleets trading in Banten for pepper. According to tradition, the development of this kingdom

7896-753: The way of trees or geographical features. Certain areas consist of swamps, including the areas near the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport . It's also home to Indonesia Convention Exhibition (ICE) BSD City, Indonesia's largest convention and exhibition center located in BSD City. In recent years the urban expansion of Jakarta has covered Tangerang. As the result, many of its residents commute to Jakarta for work or vice versa. Many high-class and middle-class satellite cities have been developed in Tangerang, complete with their own shopping malls , private schools and convenience centers. The government

7990-495: Was a Bantenese Islamic trading kingdom founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten , a port city on the northwest coast of Java ; the contemporary English name of both was Bantam . It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati , who had previously founded Cirebon . Once a great trading centre in Southeast Asia , especially of pepper , the kingdom reached its apogee in the late 16th and mid-17th centuries. By

8084-466: Was appointed to the region. For the dismissal, Ki Demang pitted Banten against the VOC. But he was killed in Kademangan. The next VOC archive, the Dag Register dated March 4, 1680, explains that the ruler of Tangerang at that time was Kyai Dipati Soera Dielaga . Kyai Soeradilaga and his son Subraja asked for the protection of the VOC, followed by 143 retinues and soldiers. He and his retinue were given

8178-706: Was decided to repair and strengthen the post or garrison, with a new building located 60 meters to the southeast, precisely located east of Jalan Besar PAL 17. Indigenous people at that time were more familiar with this building as "Fortress". .Since then, Tangerang is known as the Citadel. This fort since 1812 has not been maintained anymore, even according to the "Superintendent of Public Building and Work" dated March 6, 1816 stated: "... The fort and barracks in Tangerang are now neglected, no one wants to see them anymore. Many doors and windows were broken and people even took it for their own sake." In October 1945, Laskar Hitam ,

8272-490: Was formed as an autonomous city on 27 February 1993 out of the Tangerang Regency . The city was previously an administrative city within that regency. In 2007, the city government passed an anti-prostitution law, which meant that women who are perceived to be dressed too provocatively may be arrested. Some news outlets reported that some women decided to wear the hijab to avoid being prosecuted under this law. In addition

8366-467: Was held and the response was the Sultan of Banten only paid homage to one sovereign only; the Grand Shareef of Mecca. As a response for this refusal, Mataram swiftly sent a fleet of 60 ships armed troops from Cirebon to invade Banten. A naval battle took place off the coast of Tanara, midway between Banten and Batavia. The Bantenese navy took an upper hand and managed to defeat Cirebonese fleet. This naval campaign ended in disastrous defeat of Cirebon. This war

8460-405: Was managed by Hasanuddin's son, Maulana Yusuf , who had become co-sovereign with his father, following a custom long practised in the archipelago. Rapid economic development led to an increase of the urban population. Major agricultural developments to ensure food production was launched, by constructing irrigation canals, dams and the expansion of ricefields. The royal city itself had undertaken

8554-438: Was only a child of 9 years old at that time and was not come of age. Thus, this provoked the first crisis of succession, as his uncle — Pangeran Japara, was eager to replace his late brother as the new king of Banten. This created two factions in Banten's court; one led by the Prime Minister of the late Yusuf that supported Pangeran Japara, while the other faction was led by the qadi of Banten, an important religious figure and

8648-557: Was part of the educated class of Muslim legal scholars who was educated in the Middle East. In the early 16th century, Gunungjati arrived in the town of Banten Girang with the intention of spreading Islam in the then Hindu-dominated area . Gunungjati eventually became the tumenggong of the Sultanate of Cirebon in 1479, succeeding his uncle and father-in-law Prince Cakrabuana who had also founded Cirebon town in 1445. In 1482 Gunungjati sent

8742-541: Was the primary buyer, while the Chinese merchants and settlers concentrated in Kelapadua village has established possibly the first sugar plantation in Java. Sugarcane has been a familiar plant in Java since ancient times, as image of sugarcane can be found in the 9th century Borobudur bas relief. However, this was the first time that the sugar reached this large plantation scale. In 1635 King Abu al-Mafakhir named his son Prince Pekik (Abu al-Ma'ali Ahmad) as his co-reign. In

8836-479: Was to serve as the Banten sovereign's throne. When Hasanuddin died in 1570, the royal kingdom of Banten comprised all of Sunda, except for Cirebon and Sumedang Larang, and all of southern Sumatra , as far as Tulangbawang (modern-day Lampung ) and Bengkulu . Trade was expanding to become one of the largest in Southeast Asia. After the death of Hasanuddin in 1570 at 70 years old, Maulana Yusuf ascended

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