64-451: Palézieux ( French pronunciation: [palezjø] ) is a village and former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland . Since 2012 it forms part of the municipality of Oron . Palézieux is first mentioned in 1134 as de Palaisol . Under the rule of Savoy , the family de Palézieux – mentioned in texts from 1154 – had their castle near
128-406: A post office at Palézieux-Gare. The hamlet of Serix, at 660m above sea level, is 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) (by road) to the northeast of Palézieux-Village. The former municipality had an area, as of 2009, of 5.8 square kilometers (2.2 sq mi). Of this area, 3.6 km (1.4 sq mi) or 62.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.45 km (0.56 sq mi) or 25.1%
192-455: A Crown proper with bands Azure (for Fiume ); over all an escutcheon Barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Gules on a Mount Vert a Crown Or issuant therefrom a double-Cross Argent (for Hungary ) . The field of a shield in heraldry can be divided into more than one tincture , as can the various heraldic charges . Many coats of arms consist simply of a division of the field into two contrasting tinctures. These are considered divisions of
256-458: A French or an anglicised form: for example, a cross pattée or a cross patty ; a cross fitchée or a cross fitchy . In modern English blazons, the anglicised form tends to be preferred. Where the French form is used, a problem may arise as to the appropriate adjectival ending, determined in normal French usage by gender and number. "To describe two hands as appaumées , because the word main
320-622: A Marten proper beneath a six-pointed star Or (for Slavonia ); IV. per Fess Azure and Or over all a Bar Gules in the Chief a demi-Eagle Sable displayed addextré of the Sun-in-splendour and senestré of a Crescent Argent in the Base seven Towers three and four Gules (for Transylvania ); enté en point Gules a double-headed Eagle proper on a Peninsula Vert holding a Vase pouring Water into the Sea Argent beneath
384-471: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there
448-447: A complex coat of arms. Other armorial objects and devices – such as badges , banners , and seals – may also be described in blazon. The noun and verb blazon (referring to a verbal description) are not to be confused with the noun emblazonment , or the verb to emblazon , both of which relate to the graphic representation of a coat of arms or heraldic device. The word blazon is derived from French blason , ' shield ' . It
512-503: A junction just to the north of Palézieux-Gare. The station at Palézieux-Gare (which is called simply Palézieux) is 20.6 kilometres (12.8 mi) northeast of Lausanne station (by rail) and is also the terminus of the metre gauge Transports publics Fribourgeois (TPF) railway line to the Gruyère. It is possible to travel by train between the two stations in the former municipality, using the hourly S-Bahn /RER service S21. The blazon of
576-453: A long distance and could be easily remembered. They therefore served the main purpose of heraldry: identification. As more complicated shields came into use, these bold shapes were set apart in a separate class as the "honorable ordinaries". They act as charges and are always written first in blazon. Unless otherwise specified they extend to the edges of the field. Though ordinaries are not easily defined, they are generally described as including
640-478: A pattern of vertical (palewise) stripes is called paly . A pattern of diagonal stripes may be called bendy or bendy sinister , depending on the direction of the stripes. Other variations include chevrony , gyronny and chequy . Wave shaped stripes are termed undy . For further variations, these are sometimes combined to produce patterns of barry-bendy , paly-bendy , lozengy and fusilly . Semés, or patterns of repeated charges, are also considered variations of
704-497: A picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). Blazon is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. Blazonry is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in blazonry has its own vocabulary , grammar and syntax , which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning
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#1732858721286768-474: A rate of 10.7% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (981 or 89.9%), with German being second most common (48 or 4.4%) and Portuguese being third (23 or 2.1%). There are 6 people who speak Italian . The age distribution, as of 2009, in Palézieux is; 164 children or 12.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 160 teenagers or 12.2% are between 10 and 19. Of
832-459: A shield, so the rule of tincture can be ignored. For example, a shield divided azure and gules would be perfectly acceptable. A line of partition may be straight or it may be varied. The variations of partition lines can be wavy, indented, embattled, engrailed, nebuly , or made into myriad other forms; see Line (heraldry) . In the early days of heraldry, very simple bold rectilinear shapes were painted on shields. These could be easily recognized at
896-421: Is a formal description of a coat of arms , flag or similar emblem , from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb to blazon means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by
960-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to
1024-689: Is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield or on any other object of an armorial composition. Any object found in nature or technology may appear as a heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries, the most frequent charges are the cross – with its hundreds of variations – and the lion and eagle . Other common animals are stags , wild boars , martlets , and fish . Dragons , bats , unicorns , griffins , and more exotic monsters appear as charges and as supporters . Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or attitudes . Quadrupeds can often be found rampant (standing on
1088-655: Is feminine in French, savours somewhat of pedantry. A person may be a good armorist, and a tolerable French scholar, and still be uncertain whether an escallop-shell covered with bezants should be blazoned as bezanté or bezantée". The usual convention in English heraldry is to adhere to the feminine singular form, for example: a chief undée and a saltire undée , even though the French nouns chef and sautoir are in fact masculine. Efforts have been made to ignore grammatical correctness, for example by J. E. Cussans , who suggested that all French adjectives should be expressed in
1152-422: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.72 km (0.28 sq mi) or 12.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km (2.5 acres) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.9%. Out of the forested land, 23.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of
1216-538: Is found in English by the end of the 14th century. Formerly, heraldic authorities believed that the word was related to the German verb blasen ' to blow (a horn) ' . Present-day lexicographers reject this theory as conjectural and disproved. Blazon is generally designed to eliminate ambiguity of interpretation, to be as concise as possible, and to avoid repetition and extraneous punctuation. English antiquarian Charles Boutell stated in 1864: Heraldic language
1280-401: Is four, but the principle has been extended to very large numbers of "quarters". The third common mode of marshalling is with an inescutcheon , a small shield placed in front of the main shield. The field of a shield, or less often a charge or crest, is sometimes made up of a pattern of colours, or variation . A pattern of horizontal (barwise) stripes, for example, is called barry , while
1344-521: Is most concise, and it is always minutely exact, definite, and explicit; all unnecessary words are omitted, and all repetitions are carefully avoided; and, at the same time, every detail is specified with absolute precision. The nomenclature is equally significant, and its aim is to combine definitive exactness with a brevity that is indeed laconic . However, John Brooke-Little , Norroy and Ulster King of Arms , wrote in 1985: "Although there are certain conventions as to how arms shall be blazoned ... many of
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#17328587212861408-448: The Broye and the smaller Mionne and Biorde rivers, and has two main settlements: Palézieux-Village and Palézieux-Gare. The Village is situated at an elevation of 634m, and is 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) (by road) to the northwest of Palézieux-Gare, which is at 676m. Palézieux-Gare is the smaller settlement but is a notable railway junction, and is named for the railway station there. There is
1472-798: The Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of the place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects
1536-595: The Oron District until that district was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Palézieux then became part of the new district of Lavaux-Oron. The former municipality of Palézieux bordered, to the south, the canton of Fribourg . There are two railway stations in the former municipality, at Palézieux-Village and Palézieux-Gare. Palézieux-Village station is on the Swiss Federal Railways ' Palézieux–Lyss line which then connects with their Lausanne–Bern mainline , at
1600-618: The SP (25.75%), the Green Party (19.18%) and the FDP (5.85%). In the federal election, a total of 323 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.2%. As of 2010, Palézieux had an unemployment rate of 5.7%. As of 2008, there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 13 businesses involved in this sector. 289 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 14 businesses in this sector. 203 people were employed in
1664-473: The canton , the label , and flaunches . Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case blazons in English give them different names such as pallets, bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no such distinction between these diminutives and the ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified an ordinary is drawn with straight lines, but each may be indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have their lines varied. A charge
1728-528: The coat of arms of Nunavut , for which a round shield is specified). The main conventions of blazon are as follows: Because heraldry developed at a time when English clerks wrote in Anglo-Norman French , many terms in English heraldry are of French origin. Some of the details of the syntax of blazon also follow French practice: thus, adjectives are normally placed after nouns rather than before. A number of heraldic adjectives may be given in either
1792-409: The cross , the fess , the pale , the bend , the chevron , the saltire , and the pall . There is a separate class of charges called sub-ordinaries which are of a geometrical shape subordinate to the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include the inescutcheon , the orle , the tressure, the double tressure, the bordure , the chief ,
1856-495: The tertiary sector , with 35 businesses in this sector. There were 542 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.4% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 462. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 23, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 277 of which 252 or (91.0%) were in manufacturing and 26 (9.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in
1920-535: The 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 153 students in the Palézieux school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 665 children of which 232 children (34.9%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 82 students in
1984-555: The adult population, 201 people or 15.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 196 people or 14.9% are between 30 and 39, 204 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 170 people or 12.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 123 people or 9.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 64 people or 4.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 25 people or 1.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 7 people or 0.5% who are 90 and older. As of 2000, there were 474 people who were single and never married in
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2048-402: The agricultural land, 44.8% is used for growing crops and 16.6% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron , Châtillens , Chesalles-sur-Oron , Ecoteaux , Oron-la-Ville , Oron-le-Châtel , Palézieux, Les Tavernes , Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron . Palézieux was part of
2112-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for
2176-405: The commissioning of the railway line between Lausanne and Bern in 1862, which was built away from the original village (which became known as Palézieux-Village). In 1876 the line from Payerne was added, which runs adjacent to Palézieux-Village, and in 1903 the metre gauge line leading to the Gruyère was constructed, with its terminus at Palézieux-Gare. Palézieux is located below the confluences of
2240-463: The construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.17%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Palézieux is twinned with the town of Vers-Pont-du-Gard , France . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 29.09% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were
2304-697: The exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of the common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between
2368-414: The field per pale and putting one whole coat in each half. Impalement replaced the earlier dimidiation – combining the dexter half of one coat with the sinister half of another – because dimidiation can create ambiguity. A more versatile method is quartering , division of the field by both vertical and horizontal lines. As the name implies, the usual number of divisions
2432-405: The field. The Rule of tincture applies to all semés and variations of the field. Cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of
2496-409: The left hind foot). Another frequent position is passant , or walking, like the lions of the coat of arms of England . Eagles are almost always shown with their wings spread, or displayed. A pair of wings conjoined is called a vol . In English heraldry the crescent , mullet , martlet , annulet , fleur-de-lis , and rose may be added to a shield to distinguish cadet branches of a family from
2560-646: The lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and a few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of
2624-496: The masculine singular, without regard to the gender and number of the nouns they qualify, thus a chief undé and a saltire undé . Full descriptions of shields range in complexity, from a single word to a convoluted series describing compound shields: Quarterly I. Azure three Lions' Heads affronté Crowned Or (for Dalmatia ); II. chequy Argent and Gules (for Croatia ); III. Azure a River in Fess Gules bordered Argent thereon
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2688-567: The modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under the law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of
2752-410: The municipal coat of arms is Per fess; 1. Or, a Semi-Lion rampant issuant Gules, 2. Sable. Palézieux has a population (as of 2010) of 1,326. The population has grown considerably since the 1970s. As of 2008, 17.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. During the 10-year period of 1999–2009 the population changed at a rate of 26.6%. It has changed at a rate of 16.8% due to migration and at
2816-522: The municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 71 students in those schools. As of 2000, there were 60 students in Palézieux who came from another municipality, while 126 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are
2880-462: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate
2944-464: The municipality and 397 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 22.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.7% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 283 or 25.9% were Roman Catholic , while 508 or 46.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of
3008-453: The municipality. There were 497 married individuals, 57 widows or widowers and 63 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 the average number of residents per living room was 0.65 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m (43 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 28.2% of
3072-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of
3136-525: The old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first,
3200-408: The political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often the administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served
3264-447: The political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in the Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited
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#17328587212863328-522: The population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 9 individuals (or about 0.82% of the population) did not answer the question. In Palézieux about 381 or (34.9%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 123 or (11.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 123 who completed tertiary schooling, 55.3% were Swiss men, 30.9% were Swiss women, 9.8% were non-Swiss men and 4.1% were non-Swiss women. In
3392-498: The public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all
3456-619: The rest of the population, there were 30 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.75% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 132 individuals (or about 12.10% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish , and 41 (or about 3.76% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist and 3 individuals who belonged to another church. 142 (or about 13.02% of
3520-500: The senior line of a particular family. As an armiger 's arms may be used "by courtesy", either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original undifferenced or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency. These differences are formed by adding to
3584-417: The senior line. These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced coats of arms. To marshal two or more coats of arms is to combine them in one shield. This can be done in a number of ways, of which the simplest is impalement : dividing
3648-402: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology , a blazon
3712-659: The so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into the Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on
3776-435: The supposedly hard and fast rules laid down in heraldic manuals [including those by heralds] are often ignored." A given coat of arms may be drawn in many different ways, all considered equivalent and faithful to the blazon, just as the letter "A" may be printed in many different fonts while still being the same letter. For example, the shape of the escutcheon is almost always immaterial, with very limited exceptions (e.g.,
3840-432: The tertiary sector was 162. In the tertiary sector; 69 or 42.6% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 12 or 7.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 14 or 8.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 17 or 10.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 6 or 3.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 5 or 3.1% were in education and 33 or 20.4% were in health care. In 2000, there were 238 workers who commuted into
3904-479: The total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement). As of 2000, there were 433 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 142 households that consist of only one person and 44 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 442 households that answered this question, 32.1% were households made up of just one person and there
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#17328587212863968-456: The total) out of a total of 186 inhabited buildings. There were 51 multi-family buildings (27.4%), along with 39 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (21.0%) and 19 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (10.2%). In 2000, a total of 422 apartments (82.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 27 apartments (5.3%) were seasonally occupied and 60 apartments (11.8%) were empty. As of 2009,
4032-518: The village, of which remains can be seen today (mainly a wall). The castle controlled a bridge on the River Broye, which was a source of profit through the various tolls and taxes. The bridge over the Broye was washed away in 1700, following a flood. It was rebuilt in 1750, following several petitions. Modernized, it is still in place. The creation of the separate settlement at Palézieux-Gare came about with
4096-424: Was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 112 married couples without children, 139 married couples with children. There were 36 single parents with a child or children. There were 3 households that were made up of unrelated people and 9 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 77 single family homes (or 41.4% of
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