Azad Kashmir government
74-414: Azad Kashmir government Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Constitution of Pakistan Territorial election commission Elections Provincial elections Territorial elections Political parties Provinces Autonomous region Customs Regional topics The president of Pakistan ( Urdu : صدرِ پاکستان , romanized : s̤adr-i Pākistān )
148-411: A Presidential Republic , giving all executive powers to the president. In 1973, the new Constitution established Parliamentary democracy and reduced the president's role to a ceremonial one. Nevertheless, the military takeover in 1977 reversed the changes. The 8th Amendment turned Pakistan into a semi-presidential republic and in the period between 1985 and 2007, the executive power was shared by
222-751: A political agent in Hazara in the North West Frontier Province . He received his promotion to captain on 17 October 1927. During his time spent fighting for the British Empire against Pashtun Freedom Fighters in Waziristan , he learnt to speak Pashto fluently for his deployment in the North-West Frontier . From 1928 to 1933, Mirza spent time as a political agent in the troubled Tribal Belt , having served as an assistant commissioner in
296-408: A crucial role in the ousting of Governor-General Sir Malik Ghulam , Mirza assumed his position in 1955 and was elected as the first President of Pakistan when the first Constitution was promulgated in 1956. His presidency, however, was marked with political instability which saw his unconstitutional interferences in the civilian administration that led to the dismissal of four prime ministers in
370-765: A matter of two years. On his last nomination, he appointed Feroz Khan as the seventh Prime Minister of the country, who had been supported by the Awami League and the Muslim League. After the legislative elections held in 1954, the Awami League had been successfully negotiating with the Muslim League for a power-sharing agreement to form the national government against the Republican Party . By 1958, I.I. Chundrigar and A.Q. Khan had successfully reorganized
444-502: A mere two years. Facing challenges in getting the political endorsements and reelection for the presidency , Mirza surprisingly suspended the writ of the Constitution by imposing martial law against his own party 's administration governed by Prime Minister Feroze Khan on 8 October 1958, enforcing it through his army commander General Ayub Khan who dismissed him when the situation between them escalated, also in 1958. Mirza lived in
518-477: Is ceremonial head of state, Prime Minister is head of executive, but this provision made President more powerful than Prime Minister and Prime Minister was made subordinate to President. If there is any misunderstanding or disagreement between President and Prime Minister, President may use these powers to dismiss Prime minister and to dissolve National Assembly. Pakistan's Parliamentary system was changed to Semi Presidential system. The Constitution of Pakistan sets
592-600: Is elected by the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly and is supported by a council of ministers. (S&GA). Ministry of Home Affairs The Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly, also known as the AJK Legislative Assembly, is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives. The assembly consists of 41 elected members and eight co-opted members of whom five are women, one is from the Ulama community, one
666-582: Is from Jammu and Kashmir technocrats and other professionals, and one is from Jammu and Kashmir nationals residing abroad. The Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is the highest court of appeals in Azad Kashmir. It consists of a chief justice and two other judges. The number of judges in the supreme Court has been fixed at three by the Azad Kashmir Interim Constitution Act of 1974. The high court of Azad Kashmir , which serves as
740-536: Is part of the bicameral Parliament . Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the ceremonial figurehead , and required to address the Parliament to give a direction for national policies before being informed of its key decisions. In addition, the president is also a civil commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces , with chairman joint chiefs being its chief military adviser to maintain
814-698: Is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the chief justice —, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows: I, (The name of the President-elect), do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and believe in the Unity, and Oneness of Almighty Allah , the Books of Allah , the Holy Qur'an being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) as
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#1732855594117888-421: Is taken up for consideration. Government of Azad Kashmir Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Constitution of Pakistan Territorial election commission Elections Provincial elections Territorial elections Political parties Provinces Autonomous region Customs Regional topics The Government of Azad Kashmir ( Urdu : حکومتِ آزاد کشمیر )
962-519: Is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . The president is the nominal head of the executive and the supreme commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces . The presidency is a ceremonial position in Pakistan. The president is bound to act on advice of the prime minister and cabinet. Asif Ali Zardari is the current president since 10 March 2024. The office of president was created upon
1036-526: Is the Balochistan Assembly (65 seats). The constitution further states that election to the office of president will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the president in office. The president is elected indirectly for a term of five years. The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. The president
1110-420: Is the state government which administers one of the territories of Pakistani-administered Kashmir territories of Azad Kashmir . The Azad Kashmir government consists of a president as head of state and a prime minister as chief executive, with the support of a council of ministers. The state assembly is the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly . The chief executive of the government is the prime minister, who
1184-625: The British Indian Army as a 2nd Lt. on 16 July 1920. As was customary for newly commissioned British Indian Army officers, he was initially attached for a year to the second battalion of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) . On 16 July 1921, he was promoted to lieutenant and was assigned to command a platoon on 30 December 1921. His military career was spent in the Military Police . In spite of hailing from Bengal , his military career
1258-530: The Constitution of Pakistan . The impeachment process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the president. The charges are contained in a notice that has to be signed by either the chairman or the speaker of the National Assembly through a two-thirds majority. The notice is sent up to the president, and 14 days later it
1332-628: The Indian Political Service and spent the most of his career as a political agent in the Western region of British India until elevated as joint secretary at the Ministry of Defence in 1946. After the independence of Pakistan as a result of the Partition of India , Mirza was appointed as the first Defence Secretary by prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan , only to oversee the military efforts in
1406-587: The Pakistan Ambassador to the United States . On 12 August 1955, he invited Muhammad Ali , the Finance Minister , to take over the government as a prime minister. The newly constituted Electoral College unanimously elected Mirza as the first president upon the promulgation of the first set of the Constitution on 23 March 1956. The coalition of the Awami League , the Muslim League , and
1480-500: The Republic Party endorsed his presidency. The Constitution drives the country's system of government towards parliamentarianism , with executive powers vested under the elected Prime Minister while the president served as a ceremonial head of state . On 12 September 1956, he established and became vice-president of the Republican Party that was in direct conflict with the Muslim League , mainly due to disagreements on
1554-576: The civilian control of the Pakistani military. After a thorough confirmation comes from the prime minister , the president confirms the judicial appointments in the national court system . In addition, the Constitution allows the president to grant pardons, reprieves, and clemency in cases recommended to him by the executive and the judiciary . The president himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during
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#17328555941171628-558: The first war with India in 1947, followed by the failed secession in Balochistan in 1948. In 1954, he was appointed as the Governor of his home province of East Bengal by Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra to control the law and order situation sparked by the popular language movement in 1952, but was later elevated as Interior Minister in the Bogra administration in 1955. Playing
1702-513: The national economy , and President Mirza's constant unconstitutional interference in the Suhrawardy administration . President Mirza demanded the resignation of Prime Minister Suhrawardy and turned down his request to seek a motion of confidence at the National Assembly . Threatened by President Mirza's dismissal, Prime Minister Suhrawardy tendered his resignation on 17 October 1957 and
1776-473: The proclamation of Islamic Republic on 23 March 1956. The then serving governor-general , Major General Iskander Mirza , assumed office as the first president. Following the 1958 coup d'etat , the office of prime minister was abolished, leaving the Presidency as the most powerful office in the country. This position was further strengthened when the 1962 Constitution was adopted. It turned Pakistan into
1850-551: The British, excelled his masters, beating to death Syed Akbar, a Khudai Khidmatgar. He went to the extent of poisoning vegetables in a Khudai Khidmatgar camp. Those who ate them were taken seriously ill. I would rather not expose his other crimes but would rather produce him before the Almighty, whom we all have to face on the Day of judgement." He was appointed as the first Defence Secretary in
1924-702: The Department of Kashmir and Afghanistan Affairs (DKA). His tenure as defense secretary also saw the deployment of Military Police in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) as a result of the Bengali Language Movement , during which the East Pakistan Rifles fatally shot four student activists. Within a short span of time, the Military Police had control of the state and its commanding officer submitted
1998-774: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill- will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except as may be required for
2072-627: The Joint Defence Secretary of India in 1946. In this position, he was responsible for dividing the British Indian Army into the future armies of Pakistan and India. Around this time, he became closer to Liaquat Ali Khan and began formatting political relations with the politicians of the Muslim League . About him Abdul Ghaffar Khan wrote: ""According to my instructions the mass movement was launched. A Muslim Deputy-Commissioner, Janab Iskander Mirza, avowing his traditional loyalty to
2146-548: The Liaquat administration by the Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan , who relied on running the government on the British viceregal model with the close coordination of the civilian bureaucracy , the police , and the military . As Defence Secretary, he oversaw the military efforts in the first war with India in 1947, as well as witnessing the failed secession in Balochistan by Khan of Kalat . In 1950, Mirza
2220-505: The London hospital where he died, he once said to his wife, Nahid: "We cannot afford medical treatment, so just let me die." He died of a heart attack on 13 November 1969, his 70th birthday. Yahya Khan , the president of Pakistan , denied him a burial in East Pakistan . Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the Shah of Iran , sent his personal plane to London to bring President Mirza's body to Tehran , where he
2294-432: The Muslim League that was threatening the reelection and the political endorsement for Mirza for his second term of the presidency. Furthermore, the Republican Party , presided by Prime Minister Sir Feroze Khan , had been under pressure over the electoral reforms issue at the National Assembly . Upon witnessing these developments, President Mirza ordered the mass mobilization of the military and imposed emergency rule in
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2368-568: The President was the Chairman of the National Security Council who had authority and control over the nuclear and strategic arsenals ; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to the prime minister . Furthermore, the presidential powers have significantly declined with Pakistan's government reversed to a parliamentary democratic republic . Before 18th Amendment to
2442-472: The Republican Party, to take over charge of the government. Despite both being ethnic Bengalis and hailing from East Pakistan, the two leaders had very different views of running the central government and both leaders were in brief conflict, causing harm to the unity of the nation. Prime Minister Suhrawardy found it extremely difficult to govern effectively due to the issue of One Unit , alleviating
2516-712: The United Kingdom for the remainder of his life and was buried in Iran in 1969. His legacy and image are viewed negatively by some Pakistani historians who believe that Mirza was responsible for weakening democracy and causing political instability in the country. Sahibzada Iskandar Ali Mirza was born in Murshidabad , Bengal , in India on 13 November 1899, into an elite and wealthy aristocrat family who were titled as Nawab of Bengal and later after 1880, Nawab of Murshidabad . Mirza
2590-414: The United Kingdom. All three remaining major-generals were bypassed including the recommended senior-most Major-General Akbar Khan and Major-General Ishfakul Majid due to Major-General Mirza's lobbying for the army selection when he presented convincing arguments to Prime Minister Ali Khan to promote the junior-most Major-General Ayub Khan to the post despite the fact that his name was not included in
2664-404: The administration than President Mirza. Ayub dispatched the military unit to enter the presidential palace on midnight of 26–27 October 1958 and placed him in an airplane to be exiled to England. Subsequently, Admiral A. R. Khan and four army and air force generals : Azam , Amir , Wajid , and Asghar Khan were instrumental in the dismissal of President Mirza. Exiled in 1959, Mirza lived
2738-531: The constitution 2010, President was quite powerful. He had constitutional authority to choose and appoint Prime Minister in his discretion who got majiorty votes from National Assembly. Due to Article 58-2(b) he had authority to dissolve National Assembly in his discretion when Government of Federation cannot be carried according to provisions of Constitution. President Zia Ul Haq , Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Farooq Leghari used this constitutional provision to dissolve elected Prime Minister's Government. The President
2812-400: The country after declaring martial law against his own party 's administration led by Prime Minister Feroze Khan by abrogating the writ of the Constitution and dissolving the national and provisional assemblies at midnight on 7/8 October 1958. In the morning of 8 October 1958, President Mirza announced via national radio that he was introducing a new constitution "more suited to
2886-648: The country's first president was the first example of martial law in Pakistan, which would continue until the dissolution of East Pakistan in 1971. Iskander Mirza appointed then- Army Commander of the Pakistan Army , General Ayub Khan , as the Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA), which proved his undoing within three weeks. The two-man rule political regime was evolved under President Mirza and his appointed chief martial law administration and then- army chief General Ayub Khan . However,
2960-562: The court of appeals, has three circuit benches based in Kotli , Mirpur and Rawalakot . Chief Election Commissioner for conducting general elections in AJK; Service Tribunal for adjudicating service issues of civil servants; Zakat Council for collecting, distributing the zakat system in AJK; Supreme Judicial Council of AJK; Iskander Ali Mirza Sahibzada Iskandar Ali Mirza , CIE , OBE (13 November 1899 – 13 November 1969)
3034-579: The districts of Dera Ismail Khan in April 1928, Tonk in May 1928, Bannu in April 1930, and Nowshera in April 1931. In 1931, Captain Mirza was appointed a district officer and was later posted as deputy commissioner at Hazara in May 1933, where he served for three years until a posting to Mardan as assistant commissioner from October 1936 (deputy commissioner from January 1937). Promoted to major on 16 July 1938, he became
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3108-460: The due discharge of my duties as President. May Allah Almighty help and guide me (Ameen). The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not include a position of vice president: The president may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment . The president can be removed for violation of
3182-447: The genius of the Pakistan nation", as he believed democracy was unsuited to Pakistan "with its 15% literacy rate". Upon abdicating, Mirza took the nation into confidence, saying that: Three weeks ago, I (Iskander Mirza) imposed martial law in Pakistan and appointed General Ayub Khan as Supreme Commander of the [Armed Forces] and also as Chief Martial Law Administrator .... By the grace of God ... This measure which I had adopted in
3256-615: The governorship of East Bengal, in an appointment approved by then Governor-General Sir Malik Ghulam on 29 May 1954. On 1 June 1954, Mirza took over the Government of East Bengal from Chief Minister A. K. Fazlul Huq as part of the governor's rule that dismissed the United Front . He imposed martial law , backed by the East Pakistan Rifles , and dismissed the East Bengal Legislative Assembly . After landing at
3330-481: The idea of republicanism and conservatism. Unable to keep the substantial pressure on Mirza's Republic Party eventually led the Muslim League's successful demand for the resignation of Prime Minister Muhammad Ali on 12 September 1956. Upon these developments, President Mirza invited the Awami League to form the central government that appointed Huseyn Suhrawardy as the Prime Minister, who made an alliance with
3404-413: The interest of our beloved country has been extremely well received by our people and by our friends and well wishers abroad... I have done best to administer in the difficult task of arresting further deterioration and bringing order out of chaos... In our efforts to evolve an effective structure for future administration of this country... Pakistan Zindabad, Pakistan Zindabad! This martial law imposed by
3478-548: The last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him , the Day of Judgment , and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah : That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of
3552-462: The nomination list. Ayub's papers of promotion were controversially approved and was appointed as the first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army with a promotion to the rank of Lieutenant General (acting full General) on 17 January 1951 by Prime Minister Ali Khan. With Ayub becoming the army chief , it marked a change in the military tradition of preferring native Pakistanis and ending
3626-586: The number of arrests reached 1,051, including 33 assembly members and two Dhaka University professors. His authoritative actions had sown a permanent seed of hatred for the Pakistani government in the hearts of the people of East Pakistan. Amid criticism at the public level in Pakistan, Mirza was relieved from the post of the Governorship to East Bengal to Muhammad Shahabuddin in October 1954. On 24 October 1954, he
3700-429: The office of the president in a special session. Voting takes place in secrecy. Each elector casts a different number of votes. The general principle is that the total number of votes cast by members of Parliament equals the total number of votes cast by provincial legislators. Each of the provincial legislatures has an equal number of votes to each other, based on the number of members of the smallest legislature, which
3774-555: The political agent of the Tribal Belt in April 1938, stationed at Khyber. He remained there until 1945. Mirza was appointed and served as the political agent of Odisha and North West Frontier Province from 1945 until 1946. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 16 July 1946. His ability to run the colonial administrative units had brought him to prominence that prompted the British Indian Government to appoint him as
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#17328555941173848-471: The president and prime minister. The 18th Amendment in 2010 restored Parliamentary Democracy in the country, and reduced the presidency to a ceremonial position. The constitution prohibits the president from directly running the government . Instead, the executive power is exercised on his behalf by the prime minister who keeps him informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy , as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution however, vests
3922-460: The president to be a " Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The president resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (President's House). In his absence, the chairman of Senate exercises the responsibilities of the post, until the actual president resumes office, or the next office holder is elected . There have been a total of 14 presidents . The first president
3996-458: The president with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves , and the control over military ; however, all appointments at higher commands of the military must be made by the President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon consultation and approval from the prime minister. The president is indirectly elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires
4070-526: The principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the president. A president has to be: Whenever the Aiwan-e-Sadr becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the electoral college , which consists of both houses of Parliament (the Senate and National Assembly ) and the four provincial assemblies . The chief election commissioner has to conduct elections to
4144-687: The public in general. In the Bogra administration , he also took care of the matters of the Commonwealth and Kashmir affairs ministry as he had gained major political influence in the administration in 1955. During this time, Governor-General Malik Ghulam survived another fatal attack of Paralysis that made him unable to talk and walk, seeking treatment in the United Kingdom on a two-month leave. Appointed only as acting acting governor-general since 7 August 1955, Mirza dismissed Sir Malik Ghulam to take over his post on 6 October 1955, and forced Prime Minister Bogra to resign when he appointed him as
4218-513: The race for the army command of the Pakistan Army: Major-General Iftikhar Khan , Major-General Akbar Khan , Major-General Ishfakul Majid , and Major-General N.A.M. Raza . Initially, it was Major-General Iftikhar Khan who was promoted to four-star rank and selected to be appointed as the first native commander of the army but died in an airplane crash en route after finishing the senior staff officers' course in
4292-627: The remainder of his life in exile in London, England, where he financially struggled running a small Pakistani cuisine hotel until his death. It was reported widely by Pakistani media that despite hailing from a wealthy Nawab and aristocratic family, Mirza lived in poverty in England and his regular income was based on his retirement pension of £3,000 as a former military officer and president. Foreign dignitaries such as Ardeshir Zahedi , Shah of Iran , Lord Inchcape , Lord Hume, and Pakistani billionaires in London made his life in exile tolerable. At
4366-601: The report of their course of action to Major General Iskander Mirza in 1954. In 1951, he backed the Liaquat administration's decision of appointing the native chiefs of staff of the army , air force , and navy , and dismissed deputation appointments from the British military . For the four-star appointment, the Army GHQ sent the nomination papers to the Prime Minister's Secretariat that included four-senior major-generals in
4440-485: The shortest possible duration. In 1958, President Mirza accepted the resignation of Vice-Admiral M.S. Choudhri , replacing him with Vice-Admiral A.R. Khan as the new naval chief but civil-military relations continued to be a dominant factor between President Mirza and General Ayub Khan. Mirza unilaterally made Ayub Khan Prime Minister and appointed a new cabinet of technocrats for him. The new administration did not satisfy CMLA Ayub Khan who had more control in
4514-507: The situation, the things however had changed as the time and situation both were demanding the complete solution. General Ayub Khan came to an understanding that the real political power rested with the support of the military, and within a week of enforcing martial law , President Mirza realized the delicate position he got himself into. In an interview with Dawn , President Mirza regretted his decision saying: "I did not mean to do it" while offering assurances that martial law would be for
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#17328555941174588-670: The term of his office. There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State and shall represent the "unity of the Republic." Article 232: Emergency due to war, external or internal disturbance: Article 233: Suspension of Fundamental Rights: Article 234: Emergency due to the breakdown of constitutional machinery: Article 235: Financial Emergency: President can impose governor rule in any province. He can run provincial government directly. He can use emergency powers on advice of Prime Minister and cabinet. From 2000 until 2009,
4662-468: The then Dacca Airport , Mirza sharply announced in the Bengali language to the Pakistan media representatives, that he would not hesitate to use force in order to establish peace in the province, and personally threatening Maulana Bhashani of shooting him. Iskander Mirza ruled East Pakistan with an iron fist, having arrested 319–659 political activists in his first week, including Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Yusuf Ali Chowdhury . By mid-June 1954,
4736-415: The transitional role of British Army officers. Also in 1951, he helped in elevating Commodore M.S. Choudhri to the promotion to two-star rank, rear-admiral , in order to assume the navy command of the Pakistan Navy, but it was not until in 1953 when Admiral Choudhri took over the command. Due to rapid political instability in East Bengal , Mirza was relieved as Defence Secretary and took over
4810-450: The two men had very different points of view on running the government with the new situation, even though they were responsible for bringing about the change. I did not mean to do it.... The martial law would be for the shortest possible duration until the new elections.... President Mirza had not envisaged any change in his previous powers; he wanted to retain the ability to maneuver things in keeping with his own whims. Judging from
4884-416: Was Iskander Ali Mirza who entered office on 23 March 1956. The current office holder is Asif Ali Zardari , who took charge on 9 March 2024, following his controversial victory in the 2024 elections . The official residence and principal workplace of the president is Aiwan-e-Sadr — the presidential palace located in northeastern Islamabad . The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and
4958-430: Was a Pakistani politician, statesman and military general who served as the Dominion of Pakistan 's fourth and last governor-general of Pakistan from 1955 to 1956, and then as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 's first president from 1956 to 1958. Mirza was educated at the University of Bombay before attending the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . After military service in the British Indian Army , he joined
5032-514: Was appointed as Interior Minister in the Bogra administration of Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Bogra . During this time, he had maintained close political ties to the United States's establishment and was backed by Governor-General Sir Malik Ghulam for this post, which Mirza only remained at until 7 August 1955. As an Interior Minister, he provided strong political advocacy for the controversial geopolitical program, One-unit , which he faced strong criticism on by West Pakistan 's politicians and
5106-504: Was given a state funeral . Hundreds of Iranians, including Prime Minister Abbas Hoveyda , and Pakistani expatriates in Iran bade farewell and offered their prayers. The funeral ceremony was marred by the absence of Iskander Mirza's relatives living in Pakistan. The military government barred them from leaving Pakistan in time despite the best efforts of Ardeshir Zahedi, Iran's foreign minister, and President Iskander Mirza's friends in Pakistan and Iran. There are unfounded rumors that after
5180-447: Was mostly spent in the violent North-West Frontier Province of India, participating in the Waziristan war in 1920. After the campaign, he was transferred to the 17th Poona Horse (Queen Victoria's Own), as an army inspector but left active service to join the Indian Political Service (IPS) in August 1926. His first assignment was a posting in Aligarh in what is now Uttar Pradesh as an assistant commissioner before posting as
5254-413: Was promoted to two-star rank , having skipped the one-star promotion as brigadier , and upgraded his rank to major-general in the Pakistan Army by the promotion papers approved by Prime Minister Ali Khan. He was appointed as colonel commandant of the Military Police while serving as the Defence secretary in the Liaquat administration. In 1951, Prime minister Ali Khan appointed him as the director of
5328-416: Was succeeded by I. I. Chundrigar but he too was forced to resign in a mere two months. President Mirza had widely lacked the parliamentary spirit, distrusting the civilians to ensure the integrity and sovereignty of the country. His unconstitutional interference in the civil administration made the elected prime ministers effectively unable to function, as he had dismissed four elected prime ministers in
5402-806: Was the descendant of Mir Jafar . Mirza grew up and completed his schooling in Bombay , attending the Elphinstone College of the University of Bombay , but left the university to attend the Royal Military College in Sandhurst when he was selected by the British Governor-General for the King's Commission . Mirza was the first Indian graduate of the military college, and gained his commission in
5476-467: Was the eldest child of Nawab Fateh Ali Mirza and Dilshad Begum (1875–1925). From his grandfather's ancestral roots, he was of Syed Iraqi Arab descent . The Nawab of Murshidabad family was an influential and wealthy feudal family in Bengal, with close ties to the British monarchy . His father, Fateh Ali Mirza, belonged to the ruling house of Murshidabad, grandson of the first Nawab Mansur Ali Khan . He
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