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33-497: Pak Phli district was established in 1893, then named Bung Rai (บุ่งไร่). In 1905 the district was renamed to Nong Pho (หนองโพธิ์). In the same year, the district office was moved to Ban Tha Daeng, Tambon Pak Phli, and the government renamed the district to Khao Yai , but in 1909 the district's name reverted to the current name, Pak Phli. Around 1922 some people from Ban Tha Dan and Ban Tha Chai villages in Nakhon Nayok province built

66-475: A Bhagadatta and ended by a Sundaravarman and his sons Narapatisimhavarman and Mangalavarman. But at that time, the 12th century, Dvaravati began to come under constant attacks and aggressions of the Khmer Empire and central Southeast Asia was ultimately invaded by King Suryavarman II in the first half of the 12th century. Hariphunchai survived its southern progenitors until the late 13th century, when it

99-572: A bronze gun acquired by the Burmese in 1767, when Ayuthia, Siam's capital at the time, fell to an invading Burmese force, the Burmese still referred to Ayutthaya as Dvaravati. Several genetic studies published in the 2020s also founded the relations between the Mon people and Siamese people (Central Thai people) who were the descendants of the Ayutthaya. The culture of Dvaravati was based around moated cities,

132-402: A composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. 14°12′44″N 101°12′06″E  /  14.21222°N 101.20167°E  / 14.21222; 101.20167 Dvaravati Dvaravati ( Thai : ทวารวดี ) was a medieval Mon political principality from the 6th century to

165-524: A settlement within the forest in the mountains of the Sankamphaeng Range . Up to 30 households cultivated the land. The area was formally recognized by the government and classified as Tambon Khao Yai within Pak Phli District. However, due to its location and distance from the authorities it became a refuge for criminals and fugitives. After an attempt to capture the fugitives in the area, in 1932

198-540: A son of Prathivindravarman, father of Bhavavarman I of Chenla , which shows the royal lineage relation between Dvaravati and Chenla. However, the name of such a king was missing. The other king was mentioned in the Nern Phra Ngam inscription, found in Nakhon Pathom province , dated mid 5th – mid 6th centuries CE but the name was missing as well. The following is a list of rulers of Dvaravati. Dvaravati itself

231-645: Is 12.2 °C (54 °F) in December. Highest average temperature is 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) in April and minimum average temperature is 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) in December. Average annual rainfall is 1,823 millimeters in 134 days. Maximum daily rainfall is 195 millimeters in August. The northern part of the province is in the Sankamphaeng Range , the southern prolongation of the Dong Phaya Yen Mountains , with

264-835: Is 642 km (248 sq mi) or 30 percent of provincial area. The main river of the province is the Nakhon Nayok River. It joins the Prachinburi River at Pak Nam Yothaka in Ban Sang district , Prachinburi province, which then becomes the Bang Pa Kong River . The province is divided into four districts ( amphoes ). The districts are further divided into 41 subdistricts ( tambons ) and 403 villages ( mubans ). As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Nakhon Nayok Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 6 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in

297-748: Is a township ( thesaban tambon ), which covers parts of tambon Ko Wai. There are a further seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO). Nakhon Nayok province Nakhon Nayok ( Thai : นครนายก , pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn nāː.jók] ) is one of the central provinces ( changwat ) of Thailand , established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon, and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946) , which came into force on 9 May 1946. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Saraburi , Nakhon Ratchasima , Prachinburi , Chachoengsao , and Pathum Thani . Nakhon Nayok

330-586: Is known about the administration of Dvaravati. It might simply have been a loose gathering of chiefdoms rather than a centralised state, expanding from the coastal area of the upper peninsula to the riverine region of Chao Phraya River . Hinduism and Buddhism were significant. The three largest settlements appear to have been at Nakhon Pathom , Suphanburi , and Praak Sriracha, with additional centers at U Thong , Chansen, Khu Bua , Pong Tuk, Mueang Phra Rot, Lopburi , Si Mahosot, Kamphaeng Saen , Dong Lakhon, U-Taphao, Ban Khu Mueang, and Si Thep . According to

363-564: Is known for waterfalls and fruit varieties. Nakon Nayok is a nearby province to Bangkok and has various tourist attractions. Khao Yai National Park, Thailands oldest national park is in partly in Nakhon Nayok province and attracts many tourists. Khun Dan Prakarn Chon Dam is another tourist attraction 2 hours outside of Bangkok in Nakhon Nayok. The word nakhon originates from the Sanskrit word nagara ( Devanagari : नगर) meaning 'city', and

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396-450: Is the red tailed tinfoil ( Barbonymus altus ). Nakhon Nayok province has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification category Aw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until May. Monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. Climate statistics: maximum temperature is 42.2 °C (108 °F) in April and lowest temperature

429-400: The 11th century, located in the region now known as central Thailand , and was speculated to be a succeeding state of Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu ( หลังยะสิ่ว ). It was described by Chinese pilgrims in the middle of the 7th century as a Buddhist kingdom named To-lo-po-ti situated to the west of Isanapura ( Cambodia ), to the east of Sri Ksetra ( Burma ), and adjoined Pan Pan in

462-605: The 9-year civil wars in the Angkor in the early 11th century, which led to the devastation of Lavo , as well as the Pagan invasion of Menam Valley around the mid-11th century. All of these potentially are the causes of the fall of the Dvaravati civilization. However, a new kingdom, Ayutthaya , was subsequently founded southward on the bank of the Chao Phraya River in 1351, as

495-604: The Chinese record during the Tang Dynasty , Dvaravati has two vassal kingdoms, including Tou Yuan (陀垣) near the present- Chanthaburi , and an island kingdom Tanling (曇陵), whose exact location remains unknown. The excavation in several sites found silver coins dated the 7th century that mentioned the king and queen of the kingdom written in Sanskrit with Pallava script : śrīdvaravatīsvarapunya (King Sridvaravati, who has great merit) and śrīdvaravatīsvaradevīpuṇya (the goddess of

528-534: The Dvaravati Civilization to the Menam Valley around 3000 BCE, which continued to the presence of a "Proto-Dvaravati" period that spans the 4th to 5th centuries, and perhaps earlier. The rise of the Angkor in the lower Mekong basin around the 11th–13th centuries, the Menam Valley and the upper Malay peninsula conquered of Tambralinga 's king Sujita who also seized Lavo in the mid-10th century,

561-587: The South. Its northern border met Chia-lo-she-fo , which was speculated to be either Kalasapura , situated along the coast of the Bay of Bengal somewhere between Tavoy and Rangoon , or Canasapura in modern northeast Thailand . Dvaravati sent the first embassy to the Chinese court in around 605–616. Dvaravati also refers to a culture, an art style, and a disparate conglomeration of principalities of Mon people . The Mon migrants as maritime traders might have brought

594-412: The earliest of which appears to be U Thong in what is now Suphan Buri Province . Other key sites include Nakhon Pathom , Phong Tuk , Si Thep , Khu Bua and Si Mahosot , amongst others. Legends engraved on royal urns report the following kings: Suryavikrama (673-688), Harivikrama (688-695), Sihavikrama (695-718). A Khmer inscription dated 937 documents a line of princes of Canasapura started by

627-462: The fractions was discovered probably the center of Dvāravatī. The traditional chronology of Dvaravati is mainly based on the Chinese textual account and stylistic comparison by art historians. However, the results from excavations in Chan Sen and Tha Muang mound at U-Thong raise questions about the traditional dating. Newly dated typical Dvaravati cultural items from the site of U-Thong indicate that

660-586: The highest elevation the 1,292-meter-high Yod Khao Kiew. Most of that area is covered by the Khao Yai National Park , 2,166 km (836 sq mi), along with three other national parks, make up region 1 (Prachinburi) of Thailand's protected areas. The central part of the province however is a rather flat river plain formed by the Nakhon Nayok River . The southern part of the province has relatively infertile acidic soil. The total forest area

693-447: The meritorious King Dvaravati). In addition, the copper plate dating from the 6th–mid 7th centuries found at U Thong also mentions King Harshavarman (หรรษวรมัน), who was assumed by Jean Boisselier  to be one of the kings of Dvaravati, while  George Cœdès considered the plate was brought from the  Khmer Empire , and the name mentioned might be the Khmer king as well. However,

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726-456: The modern city. Originally named Mueang Lablae, the name "Nakhon Nayok" was assigned to it in 1350, when it became a garrison town of the Ayutthaya kingdom protecting the eastern boundary. On 1 January 1943 the government downgraded Nakhon Nayok province and combined it with Prachinburi province , except for Ban Na district which became part of Saraburi province . On 9 May 1946 the province

759-455: The name of the district, originated in the times when the locals still traveled by water. In the rainy season the water at the mouth of Khlong Yang was flowing fast, which caused many accidents. Thus the people built a shrine to commemorate the dead people and salute Deva , what in Thai is called Phli or Phli Kam (พลี or พลีกรรม). After that they called the canal Khlong Pak Phli. The name Pak Phli

792-460: The periods seem unrelated since King Harshavarman I of Khmer reigned from 910–923, 200 years later than the age of the inscription, and Harshavarman I's grandfather was Indravarman I , not Isanavarman as the inscription mentioned. Moreover, the inscription found in Ban Wang Pai, Phetchabun province (K. 978), dated 550 CE, also mentions the enthronement of the Dvaravati ruler, who was also

825-527: The province. Nakhon Nayok has town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 5 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 39 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI),

858-655: The starting point of the tradition of Dvaravati culture possibly dates as far back as 200 CE. Archaeological, art historical, and epigraphic (inscriptions) evidence all indicate, however, that the main period of Dvaravati spanned the seventh to ninth centuries. Dvaravati culture and influence also spread into Isan and parts of lowland Laos from the sixth century onward. Key sites include Mueang Fa Daet in Kalasin Province , Sema  [ th ] in Nakhon Ratchasima Province , and many others. Little

891-580: The succeeded state, as its capital's full name referred to the Kingdom of Dvaravati; Krung Thep Dvaravati Si Ayutthaya ( Thai : กรุงเทพทวารวดีศรีอยุธยา ). All former Dvaravati principalities, Lavo, the northern cities of the Sukhothai Kingdom , and Suphannabhumi, was later incorporated to the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1388, 1438, and the mid-15 century, respectively. According to an inscription on

924-530: The villagers were relocated into the plains some 30 km away and the tambon status was cancelled. In 1959 the then-Prime Minister of Thailand , Marshall Sarit Thanarat, ordered the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of the Interior to create a process whereby national parks could be established and Khao Yai National Park , established in 1962 in this area, would adopt the name of the former tambon. Pak Phli,

957-569: The word nayok is thought to have been derived from the Sanskrit nāyaka ( Devanagari : नायक) meaning 'leader' or 'captain'. However, in this connection, na means '[tax of] rice field' and yok means 'exempted'. Hence the name of the province literally means 'tax-free city'. The city of Nakhon Nayok dates back to the Dvaravati Kingdom, probably founded in the 11th century. Ruins from this time are visible at Mueang Boran Dong Lakhon south of

990-494: Was heavily influenced by Indian culture, and played an important role in introducing Buddhism and particularly Buddhist art to the region. Stucco motifs on the religious monuments include garudas , makaras , and Nāgas . Additionally, groups of musicians have been portrayed with their instruments, prisoners, females with their attendants, soldiers indicative of social life. Votive tablets have also been found, also moulds for tin amulets , pottery, terracotta trays, and

1023-582: Was incorporated into Lan Na . The term Dvaravati derives from coins which were inscribed in Sanskrit śrī dvāravatī . The Sanskrit word dvāravatī literally means "that which has gates". According to the inscription N.Th. 21 found in 2019 in Wat Phra Ngam in Nakhon Pathom, dated the 6th century, three regional cities were mentioned, including Śrīyānaṁdimiriṅga or Śrīyānaṁdimiriṅgapratipura, then Hastināpurī and Dvāravatī, which made Nakhon Pathom where

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1056-409: Was re-established. The provincial seal shows an elephant holding an ear of rice with its trunk. This symbolizes fertile rice fields, as well as the forests with numerous elephants. In the background two piles of straw, trees, and clouds symbolizing the natural beauty of the province. The provincial tree and flower is the silk cotton tree ( Cochlospermum religiosum ). The provincial aquatic life

1089-546: Was then also used for the village and tambon . Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise) Mueang Nakhon Nayok of Nakhon Nayok Province, Pak Chong of Nakhon Ratchasima province , Prachantakham , Mueang Prachin Buri and Ban Sang of Prachinburi province . The Sankamphaeng Range mountainous area is in the northern section of this district. The district is divided into seven sub-districts ( tambons ), which are further subdivided into 51 villages ( mubans ). Ko Wai

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