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59-532: Nonetheless, the essential unity of Pahang and Terengganu Malay is demonstrated by the number of shared lexical, syntactic, and phonetics innovations. Both varieties, along with Kelantan Malay , have been classified under the subgroup of the East Coast dialect of the Malay Peninsula , due to their possible common origin. Pahang Malay is known for its sharp rise and fall of tone and quick flowing accent. It exhibits

118-399: A few subdialects): Kelantan : Coastal (Narathiwat, Besut dialects), Central / River, Dabong / Inland Pattani : Yala, Saiburi, Bana Taning, Chenok / Chana, Nonthaburi / Bangkok Reman : Grik, Sik, Baling, Padang Terap, Batu Kugho / Selama, Southern Yala Creole/Pidgin : Samsam Malay (a mixed language of Thai and Pattani Malay spoken by those of mixed Thai-Malay ancestry) Kelantanese

177-658: A glottal stop. bukit بوكيت ('hill') becomes buke’ ( [bukiʔ] ) Words are distinguished by lengthened initial consonant. Final /l/ is silent. Example: tinggal ('left') becomes tingga ; tebal ('thick') becomes teba . Usually /l/ as in /lah/ is removed and becomes /ah/ . Example: Banyaklah ('so many') becomes banyok ah . Bulang ('moon') vs. bːulang ('many months'); katok ('to strike') vs. kːatok ('frog'); siku ('elbow') vs. sːiku ('hand tool') Several comparisons between Standard Malay and Terengganu Malay with English translations: Starang baroh means 'really',

236-729: A mostly Thai-speaking population of mixed Malay and Thai ancestry. Kelantan-Pattani Malay is highly divergent from other Malay varieties because of its geographical isolation from the rest of the Malay world by high mountains, deep rainforests and the Gulf of Thailand . It is also influenced by Thai in Thailand. Kelantanese-Pattani Malay is distinct enough that radio broadcasts in Standard Malay cannot be understood easily by native speakers of Kelantan-Pattani Malay, such as those in Thailand, who are not taught

295-502: A nasal vowel changes to /ijaŋ/ : siam سيام ('Siam') becomes siyang /ia/ changes to /ɛ/ : biasa بياسا ('once') becomes bese /s/ and /f/ at the end of syllables changes to /h/ : malas مالس ('lazy') changes to malah /m/ and /n/ at the end of syllables changes to /ŋ/ : hakim حاكيم ('judge') changes to hakeng /r/ changes to /ɣ/ : orang اورڠ ('person') becomes oghang Final consonants are often only pronounced as

354-444: A number of differences from the Standard Malay , particularly in phonology and vocabulary. Even though it shares many similarities with standard Malay, the dialect in its purest form remains unintelligible to standard Malay speakers. There are a number of sub-dialects of Pahang Malay identified by linguists, but the form spoken in the vicinity of Pahang's royal capital , Pekan , is considered as its 'standard sub-dialect'. The dialect

413-566: A popular phrase used to show or express something that is really serious or true. Example: Ambe dok tau starang baroh , as opposed to Standard Malay or West coast Malay dialects: Saya memang tak tahu langsung. Another famous Terengganuan Malay phrase is Senyung sokmo which means Senyum selalu in standard Malay and 'Smile always' in English. It is widely used by Terengganu people to wish other people well and to brighten their days. Dokrok cettong denotes two situations whereby one

472-415: A second language among the smaller Indian minority. The language has developed distinct phonetic , syntactic and lexical distinctions which makes it mutually unintelligible for speakers from outside the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, especially those who speak Standard Malay/Malaysian. Terengganu Malay still shares close linguistic ties with neighboring Kelantan and Pahang of which it forms under

531-472: A set of stress rules that is quite different to that of Standard Malay. Generally, in Kelantan-Pattani Malay, the primary stress falls on the last syllable if the word starts with a single consonant. However, in words with more than one syllable, syllables with a schwa /ə/ are unstressed. Syllables that do not have the schwa and are not in the word-final position take the secondary stress. If

590-872: A song sung in Terengganuan, called " Hati Mahu Baik ". Consonant inventory of Terengganu Malay /a/ followed by a nasal consonant changes to /ŋ/ : ayam ايم ('chicken') becomes ayang ; makan ماكن ('to eat') becomes makang /a/ at the end of syllables changes to /ɔʔ/ : minta مينتا ('to ask') becomes mitok /ah/ changes to /ɔh/ : rumah رومه ('house') becomes rumoh /a/ changes to /ə/ : saya ساي ('I') becomes saye /i/ changes to /iŋ/ : sini سيني ('here') becomes sining /ua/ changes to /ɔ/ : buaya بوايا ('crocodile') becomes boye /aj/ becomes /aː/ : sungai سوڠاي ('river') becomes sunga /aw/ becomes /a/ : pisau ڤيساو ('knife') changes to pisa /ia/ before

649-576: A word has an initial syllable with a geminated consonant, that syllable automatically takes the primary stress. Terengganu Malay Terengganu Malay ( Malay : Bahasa Melayu Terengganu ; Terengganu Malay: Bahse Tranung/Ganu ) is a Malayic language spoken in the Malaysian state of Terengganu all the way southward to coastal Pahang and northeast Johor . It is the native language of Terengganu Malays and highly localized Chinese Peranakan (locally known as "Mek and Awang") community as well as

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708-568: Is a small coastal village in Kota Tinggi , Johor spoke a dialect that is a mixture of Johorean and Terengganuan as the residents there are mostly of Terengganu Malay ancestry. In Pasir Raja which is a mukim located in the interior parts of Dungun, majority of the Malays there spoke a variant of Pahang Malay specifically the Ulu Tembeling dialect instead of Terengganuan. It is because the majority of

767-758: Is also known as the Kedah Hulu dialect (in Kedah) and the Perak Hulu dialect (in Perak). However, these terms only apply to political and geographical factors rather than linguistic ones. This Reman variant has many dialects and subdialects across the areas where this variant is spoken. Kelantanese Malay is written both in Latin and in the Jawi alphabet , a writing system based on the Arabic script . This

826-718: Is also spoken in coastal Pahang , from Cherating near the border with Kemaman district to as far south as Mersing district in the state of Johor. A variety spoken in the village of Tanjung Sedili in the district of Kota Tinggi is said to be a mixture of Terengganuan, Johorean and several other Malay varieties, reflecting the historical demographics of the area, which once received Malay migrants from Terengganu. Terengganu Malay has two major dialects: Coastal (zlm-coa) and Inland (zlm-inl) and each of these two dialects has several regional differences depending on districts or villages. The dialect spoken in Kuala Terengganu district

885-428: Is alternatively known as bahasa Melayu Pahang or dialek Pahang . The term Pahang itself originated from the name of the state which in turn derived from the name of Pahang River , where the early civilisation in the state could have developed from. There have been many theories on the origin of the name Pahang. Local lore states that it is derived from the corruption of the name Mahang tree ( Macaranga ). On

944-430: Is among the first feature recognised by Collins (1983, 1998) and Ajid Che Kob & Mohd Tarmizi (2009). Although this feature is shared among all sub-dialects of Pahang, there are still different vowel realisation patterns found among those variants. These varied patterns are demonstrated in the following tables. The Standard Malay alveolar trill /-r/ , at the end of words, is usually omitted in most Malay dialects. But

1003-613: Is an Austronesian language of the Malayic subfamily spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan , as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu state and the Perhentian Islands , and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand . It is the primary spoken language of Thai Malays and used as a lingua franca by ethnic Southern Thais in rural areas, Muslim and non-Muslim and the Sam-Sam,

1062-405: Is based on the prestige of Pekan and Kuantan as the main economic, cultural and administration centres of the state. Other scholars like Collins and Tarmizi Harsah provided an alternative method in this dialectal study, focusing on the geographic units of river basins and coastal strips, rather than on the existing political boundaries. This is based on the fact that the spread of these sub-dialects

1121-429: Is based on the study of a variant spoken in Ulu Tembeling, also known locally as cakap ulu ('the upstream speech') or base lama ('the old language'). Although it retains part of the general characteristics of Pahang Malay, the dialect of Ulu Tembeling has the special feature of consonantal diphthongisation at the end of words, which is one of its kind among Malay dialects of the peninsula. Another unique feature of

1180-580: Is considered common among many Malay dialects. The following table shows some monophthong realisation for diphthongs /-ai̯/ and /-au̯/ in Pahang Malay. The following are some differences in vocabulary between Pahang Malay and Standard Malay. Kelantan Malay Kelantan-Pattani Malay ( Malay : bahasa Melayu Kelantan/Patani ; Thai : ภาษายาวี ; baso Taning in Pattani; kecek Klate in Kelantan)

1239-464: Is different enough from Standand Malay that it is often unintelligible to speakers of the standard language. Differences include some differences in vocabulary, and different sound correspondences. The influence of Southern Thai and the Kelantan-Pattani Malay in Pattani upon each other is great, and both have large numbers of loanwords from the other. The influence of the Thai language makes comprehension between

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1298-405: Is in stark contrast to the rest of the general population of Malay speakers in both Malaysia and Indonesia that now mainly use the Latin script, known in Malay as rumi ( رومي ), for daily communication. Today, Pattani Malay is generally not a written language , though it is sometimes written in informal settings. An old-fashioned form of standard Malay is used when writing is needed rather than

1357-615: Is independent of the political divisions of current Malaysian states. On the other hand, both river basins and coastal strips are the features of topography that have greatly shaped the earliest patterns of migration and settlement in the Malay world of Southeast Asia. Based on this, Tarmizi Harsah identified three main variants of Pahang Malay, spoken along the lining of three main rivers of Pahang; Pahang River , Jelai River and Lipis River . He classified these variants further into two main sub-dialects, Hulu Pahang ('Upper Pahang') consisting of

1416-401: Is known as bahasa Terengganu or bahasa Melayu Terengganu . Besides Tranung, Tranu , Ganung , Teganung , Teganu and Ganu are also used with the latter (Ganu) being used as an exonym by people outside of Terengganu when referring to Terengganu. Terengganu Malay is natively spoken in most parts of Terengganu other than Besut and the northern part of Setiu . Besides Terengganu, it

1475-626: Is often called bahasa Patani in Pattani. Kelantanese is known in Standard Malay as bahasa Kelantan , and in Kelantanese as baso Kelate . It is also known as baso Besut or Kecek Kelate-Besut in Besut and Setiu of Terengganu State. One variant of Kelantan-Pattani Malay is the Reman variant, also known as bahasa Reman (according to the speakers of this area; the areas where this variant

1534-654: Is spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan , as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu and the Perhentian Islands . It is also spoken in the Merapoh township, in the Lipis district of Pahang since this town borders the state of Kelantan. Many people in the districts of Baling , Sik and Padang Terap in Kedah as well as the Hulu Perak district of Perak speak Kelantan-Patani language of Reman dialects, since most of

1593-404: Is the de facto standard dialect of Terengganu Malay. The major differences between Coastal (known as Pata ) and Inland (known as Ulu ) dialects is the pronunciation of the letter "e" of which Coastal Terengganu speakers tend to pronounce it as a schwa while Inland Terengganu speakers pronounce it with strong "e" (as in r e d). People in the northernmost regions of Terengganu, specifically in

1652-622: Is totally exhausted or someone who is very weak. Terengganu Malay: Budok-budok lening koho dok kena makanang tradisi, sohbeng kate kuey, nasik pong ttuko bimbo lagi, nok wak guane makanang lening modeng blake, oghang mude tak mboh belajo duk ngarak ke oghang tue sokmo. Malaysian: Budak-budak sekarang semakin tak kenal makanan tradisi, jangan kata kuih, nasi pun masih tertukar lagi, nak buat macam mana makanan sekarang semua moden, orang muda tak nak belajar selalu mengharap ke orang-orang tua. English 'Kids today don't know about traditional foods, it's not just traditional cakes, even

1711-526: Is traditionally written in Jawi script , but its role as the main writing language has been replaced with Standard Malay written in Rumi . A local radio station, Pahang FM , broadcasts in this dialect. Pahang Malay is natively referred to as base Pahang ( /basɘ pahã(ŋ)/ ; Standard Malay: bahasa Pahang ; بهاس ڤهڠ ‎ ), or cakak Pahang ( /tʃakaʔ pahã(ŋ)/ ; Standard Malay: cakap Pahang ; چاكڤ ڤهڠ ‎ ). However, in academic writings, it

1770-791: Is widely used in folk songs, poems, and also in mainstream and local media (such as local radio stations, dramas and movies). Ibrahim Taib , a famous Terengganu poet was known for his usage of Inland Terengganu dialect in his poems such as " Mok, Aku Nok Tubaik " ('Mom, I want to get out') and " Jadilah Awang " ('Enough Awang'). Terengganu has a rich history of folk songs sung mostly in Terengganu Malay, among those are Anok Udang , Anok Burung Baniong , Ulek Mayang and Watimang Landok . Besides traditional folk songs, Terengganu Malay has also made way into modern contemporary songs especially singers or bands who were born and raised in Terengganu. Among

1829-494: The South China Sea in northwest Borneo . Despite the existence these foreign and isolated Malay variants, Pahang Malay remains as the de facto official dialect of the state, predominantly spoken along the lining of its vast riverine systems. Due to high divergences of the dialects and sub-dialects of Pahang Malay, their classifications remain unclear so far. Among the earliest attempt to classify these dialects and sub-dialects

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1888-410: The standard variety of the language . Unlike Malaysia, where Standard Malay is compulsory in the school curriculum, no one is required to learn Standard Malay in Thailand and so there is potentially less language influence from Standard Malay but potentially more from Thai . It is also distinct from Kedah Malay , Pahang Malay and Terengganu Malay , but those languages are much more closely related to

1947-434: The 14th century, the area became vassals to Ayutthaya , but the region was autonomous and never fully incorporated into modern Thai nation-state until 1902. This political autonomy and isolation from the rest of the Malay world allowed for the preservation of the Malay language and culture but also led to the divergence of the dialect. Kelantan-Pattani Malay can be divided into three major variants and several dialects (and

2006-755: The Kelantanese-Pattani Malay language than Standard Malay. The language is often referred to in Thai as phasa Yawi ( Thai : ภาษายาวี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː jāːwīː] ), which is a corruption of the Malay name for the modified Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Jawi ( Jawi : جاوي ‎; IPA [ɟaˈwi] ). It is also referred to in Thai as phasa Malayu Pattani ( Thai : ภาษามลายูปัตตานี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː mālāːjūː pàttāːnīː] ) and similarly locally in Malay as bahasa Melayu Patani ( Jawi : بهاس ملايو ڤطاني ‎ , Rumi : bahasa Melayu Patani , local pronunciation: [baˈsɔ ˈnːaju ˈtːaniŋ] ). The language

2065-631: The Lipis and Jelai rivers variants, and Hilir Pahang ('Lower Pahang') consisting of the Pahang River variant. In general, like many other dialects of Malay language, the differences between Pahang Malay and the Standard Malay are recognized through changes in phonology at the end of the words. The unique identity of Pahang Malay can be traced in three features of phonology; vowels before consonant [± coronal], alveolar trill and diphthongs /-ai̯/ and /-au̯/ . The contrast between coronals and non-coronals

2124-457: The Malay people there are the descendants of Kelantanese migrants and Pattani refugees (in which whereby these regions were once parts of the Reman Kingdom of Pattani). Pattani Malay is the main language of the Thai provinces Narathiwat , Yala and Pattani where ethnic Malays make up the majority of the population, it is also spoken in parts of Songkhla and Bangkok . It is less spoken in

2183-520: The Pahang and Lipis rivers that utilise [ɐᵊ] , [ɔᵊ] and [ɛᵊ] . Common diphthongs found in Standard Malay, /-ai̯/ and /-au̯/ , do not exist in Pahang Malay, as both are monophthongised instead. This does not means that there are no diphthongs in the dialect at all. Pahang Malay acquired its diphthongs through the diphthongisation of monophthongs ; for example, the vowel sounds /-i/ and /-u/ are diphthongised into [-ij] and [-uw] . This phenomenon

2242-763: The Pattani variety of Kelatan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay a bit more difficult than comprehension between the Kelantanese variety of Kelantan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay. (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) final /r/ and /n/ after non-a vowel mid /d͡ʒ/ Note(s): Speakers in the Pattani region are also noted to use loans directly from Thai such as tahang "army" from ทหาร RTGS :  tá-hǎan , torosak "telephone" from โทรศัพท์ RTGS :  toorá-sàp and besek "receipt" from ใบเสร็จ RTGS :  bai-set . Gemination occurs for various purposes and in various forms in Kelatan-Pattani Malay. At

2301-525: The coastline of Pahang. This complicated spatial layering of different Malay variants, often within a few kilometres' radius between hamlets of Pahang Malay speakers along the riverine systems and the Terengganu-speaking coastal fishermen villages, is influenced by the historical movement of Terengganu Malays to that area. For centuries, the coastal line stretching from Terengganu border to the Endau of Johor,

2360-429: The dialect is that it retains several phonological characteristics of Ancient Malay , for example, the use of vowel *i and *u, and the addition of glottal consonant at the last position in words ending with vowels. However, Tarmizi's theory went against the commonly accepted Malay settlement patterns which began at the river mouth and coastal areas before dispersing inland. Pahang Malay is almost exclusively spoken within

2419-607: The district of Besut and several parts of Setiu do not speak Terengganu Malay, but instead uses Kelantan-Pattani Malay . The dialects spoken in Dungun , Marang and Kemaman as well as outside of Terengganu such as in Pahang ( Kuantan , Pekan and Rompin ) and Johor ( Mersing ) does not have significant differences than those in Kuala Terengganu and is classified as part of the Coastal dialect. The residents of Tanjung Sedili which

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2478-616: The inland mukim of Pasir Raja, Dungun , several villages still speak a variant of Ulu Tembeling dialect of Pahang Malay, locally known as Pasir Raja dialect. Terengganu Malay is considered to be the most recognisable identity of the state. This can be seen in many local television dramas, movies, songs, poems and religious sermons which emphasize the usage of Terengganu Malay. Radio stations in Terengganu whether public (Terengganu FM) or privately owned ( Hot FM and Molek FM ) mainly use Terengganu Malay in its broadcast alongside standard Malaysian . Recent years show an increase of awareness of

2537-433: The kingdom of ' Pohuang ' (alternatively Panhuang ) between 449 and 457 CE. There are at least two theories on the origin of Pahang Malay. Asmah Omar identifies the settlements near the estuary of Pahang River and its adjacent areas, where the early civilisation of Pahang could have begun, as the place of origin of the dialect before it was diffused inland. This area includes Pekan , the historical capital of Pahang, which

2596-407: The local dialect. A phonetic rendering of Pattani Malay in the Thai alphabet has been introduced, but it has not been met with much success due to the socio-religious significance of Jawi to Muslim Malays. Southern Thailand has continued to be a region affected by two cultural spheres: the mainly Buddhist, Thai-speaking Siamese kingdoms and the mainly Muslim, Malay-speaking sultanates. The region

2655-477: The most well known was the song " Blues Tranung/Ganu Kite " by a famous Malaysian band Iklim . It was a hit song not just in Terengganu but also across Malaysia in the 90s and 2000s. " Dondang Dendang ", a 1999 song composed by Suhaimi Mohd Zain and recorded by traditional singers Noraniza Idris and Siti Nurhaliza , contains an old Terengganuan Malay poem in the bridge based on the traditional Terengganu dance called Rodat . Another band called Spring also recorded

2714-473: The omitted sound will always be replaced with certain phonetic forms, either through the elongation of consonant or de-articulation of schwa . Both forms exist in Pahang Malay and are described by linguists as 'very obvious'. Elongation of consonant can be seen in the use of [ɐː] , [ɔː] and [ɛː] in sub-dialect spoken along the Jelai River, while de-articulation of schwa is shown by sub-dialects spoken along

2773-476: The other hand, William Linehan relates the early foundation of the state to the settlers from the ancient Khmer civilisation, and claims it originates from the word saamnbahang ( Khmer : សំណប៉ាហាំង ) meaning ' tin ', abundantly found in the state. The earliest literary reference to the name 'Pahang' was from the chronicle of the Liu Song dynasty , Book of Song , which records two consecutive envoys received from

2832-476: The people in those areas are descendants of Pahang migrants that migrated into Dungun more than a hundred years ago. Today both varieties (Pahang Malay and Terengganu Malay) coexists in Pasir Raja and the residents can fluently speak both of those varieties. Based on 2013 research, the division of Terengganu Malay are as follows Although essentially a spoken language with no standard orthography, Terengganu Malay

2891-413: The phonemic level, these geminations are transcribed as /CC/ but they are pronounced as [Cː] so /dd/ is pronounced as [dː] . These geminations are derived by deleting the initial syllable and replacing it with a geminated form of the initial consonant of the remaining word. These geminates are derived by deleting the initial morpheme of a reduplicated word and replacing it with a geminated form of

2950-725: The province of Satun , where despite making up the majority, ethnic Malays generally speak Southern Thai and their Malay dialect is similar to Kedah Malay . It is also spoken in scattered villages as far north as Hat Yai . In the past, Malay was the main language as far north as the Isthmus of Kra , the traditional division between Central Thailand and Southern Thailand , based on the preponderance of etymologically Malay place names. There are 21 consonants and 12 vowels in Pattani Malay. The phonemes /r/ and /z/ only appear in some loanwords or proper names. Note(s): Kelantan-Pattani Malay

3009-427: The remaining morpheme. Unlike the geminations acquired from initial syllable reduction, these geminates are not free variants of their Standard Malay counterparts. In this situation, a word with a function is deleted and the word afterwards is geminated. This sort of gemination is a free variant of its Standard Malay counterpart. Many loanwords tend to have initial geminated consonants too. Kelantan-Pattani Malay has

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3068-472: The state of Pahang, though there are sizeable migrant communities of its native speakers in urban areas like Klang Valley , and other states of the peninsula. Nevertheless, within the state of Pahang, there are at least two other distinct Malay varieties traditionally spoken. Coastal Terengganu Malay , a relative variant with shared lexical, synctatic, and phonetics innovations, is spoken in narrow strip of sometimes discontiguous fishermen villages and towns along

3127-475: The subdialect of Pahang Malay spoken in the area is named after. This theory is consistent to the known details of Malay settlement patterns in Southeast Asia. Until the 19th century, the Malay population was riverine and maintaining inter-communal link by river and maritime routes. Another theory by Tarmizi Harsah, suggests that the dialect originated from Ulu Tembeling, in deep hinterland of Pahang. The theory

3186-504: The umbrella term of "East Coast Peninsular Malayic languages" but maintain its own features distinct from both Pahang and Kelantan-Patani. Terengganu Malay also coexists with two closely related Malayic varieties. In the districts of Besut and northern part of Setiu , the majority of the population speak a variant of Kelantan-Pattani Malay , but in recent years many people from southern Terengganu started to migrate into these two districts and both variants now coexist with each other. In

3245-412: The uniqueness of Terengganu Malay, such as the increasing use of Terengganu Malay in shop signs and recently the publication of a Hulu Terengganu Malay dictionary. The people of Terengganu refer to their language as base/bahse Tranung/Tghanung ( /bahsə tɣanuŋ/ ) which means 'the language of Terengganu' or cakak Tranung ( /tʃakaʔ tɣanuŋ/ ) which means 'Terengganu speech'. In Standard Malay , it

3304-411: Was a warehouse of trade where merchants from Europe, India, Arabia, China, Siam, and other parts of the Malay world met. At first dominated by Hindu-Buddhist Indian influences, the great kingdom of Srivijaya would later fall into chaos. Islam was introduced by Arab and Indian traders in the 11th century and has been the dominant religion ever since, replacing Buddhism and Hinduism that had held sway. By

3363-443: Was by Asmah Omar who conducted her study based on the daerah (district). She enlisted eight sub-dialects of Pahang Malay, namely the dialects of Pekan , Benta , Raub , Ulu Tembeling, Rompin , Temerloh , Kuala Lipis and Bentong . She also named the sub-dialect spoken in the vicinity of Pekan, including the state capital, Kuantan , as the 'standard sub-dialect' and the major source for other sub-dialects spoken inland. Her view

3422-503: Was spoken were under the Reman state of the Kingdom of Pattani that was abolished in 1902 in which the areas were Batu Kurau, inland Perak (Gerik, Pengkalan Hulu, Lenggong) and inland Kedah (Sik, Baling, Padang Terap)). The Reman viarants are known as various names such as bahasa Patani , bahasa Patani Kedah-Perak , basa Grik , Cakak Hulu , basa Kapong , basa Baling etc. It

3481-468: Was the heaven for temporary settlements of fishermen from Terengganu and Kelantan who came there during fishing season. Over the time, a well established communities began to develop in areas like Beserah , Kuala Pahang , and Kuala Rompin . Another dialect not related to Pahang Malay, is spoken in Tioman island of Pahang and Aur Islands of Johor , and most closely related only to Sarawak Malay , spoken across

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