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73-671: The Pacific Music Festival ( PMF ) (パシフィック・ミュージック・フェスティバル札幌 ( Pashifikku Myūjikku Fesutibaru Sapporo ) ) is an international classical music festival held annually in Sapporo , Japan. It was founded in 1990 by Leonard Bernstein , along with the London Symphony Orchestra , and 123 young musicians from 18 countries. The original artistic directors were Bernstein and Michael Tilson Thomas . 7 Jul (Sat) - 1 August (Wed) for 26 days 8 July - 1 August Sapporo Sapporo ( 札幌市 , Sapporo-shi , [sapːoɾo ɕi] )

146-441: A humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ), with a wide range of temperature between the summer and winter. Summers are generally warm and humid, but not oppressively hot, and winters are cold and very snowy, with an average snowfall of 4.79 m (15 ft 9 in) per year. Sapporo is one of few metropolises in the world with such heavy snowfall, enabling it to hold events and festivals with snow statues. The heavy snowfall

219-496: A population density of 1,748 persons per km (4,500 persons per mi ). The total area is 1,121.26 km (432.92  sq mi ). Before its establishment, the area occupied by Sapporo (Ishikari Plain,around Ishikari, Hokkaido ) was home to indigenous Ainu settlements. In 1866, at the end of the Edo period , construction began on a canal through the area, encouraging a number of early settlers to establish Sapporo village. In 1868,

292-533: A terakoya for the children of Eniwa. In 1897, the temple school was moved and became a public school, Eniwa Elementary School. Three more elementary schools were opened in the Meiji period . By the early 1940s, Eniwa had eight elementary schools. In 1947, four new junior high schools were created, later amalgamating into two by 1964. The two high schools were opened in 1951. In the 1960s and 1970s, five elementary schools and one junior high school were closed or merged. With

365-530: A 4.6-hectare (11-acre) housing development in east Megumino. The first houses were completed in May 2013, with the entire area expected to be completed in 2015. The development of 25 hectares west of Megumino Station is being planned. Development consent was given in July 2011. As of July 31, 2023 the city had an estimated population of 70,278 residents, with 31,005 households and the density of 239 persons per km . 51% of

438-726: A Ferris wheel) are in Susukino district. The district also has the Tanuki Kōji Shopping Arcade, the oldest shopping mall in the city. The district of Jōzankei in Minami-ku has many resort hotels with steam baths and onsen . The Peace Pagoda , one of many such monuments across the world built by the Buddhist order Nipponzan Myohoji to promote and inspire world peace, has a stupa that was built in 1959, halfway up Mount Moiwa, to commemorate peace after World War II . It contains some of

511-475: A Japanese traditional song, " Sōran Bushi ". Members of the dancing teams wear special costumes and compete on the roads or stages constructed on the festival sites. In 2006, 350 teams were featured with around 45,000 dancers, and over 1,860,000 people visited the festival. The Sapporo Summer Festival. People enjoy drinking at the beer garden in Odori Park and on the streets of Susukino . This festival consists of

584-707: A larger international airport located in the city of Chitose 30 mi (48 km) away, connected by regular rapid trains taking around 40 minutes. The Sapporo-Tokyo route between New Chitose and Haneda is one of the busiest in the world. JR Hokkaido Stations in Sapporo An airport shuttle bus servicing hotels in Sapporo operates every day of the year. SkyExpress was founded in 2005 and also provides transport to and from various ski resorts throughout Hokkaido, including Niseko . Sapporo JR Tower adjacent to Sapporo Station . Sapporo Ramen Yokocho and Norubesa (a building with

657-549: A number of fairs such as Tanuki Festival and Susukino Festival. September : the Sapporo Autumn Festival Eniwa, Hokkaido Many farms are located around Eniwa, and the town has many manufacturing businesses, including the Sapporo Brewery Hokkaido factory. There are three Japan Ground Self-Defense Force camps in the city. Eniwa's 2023 population of 70,278 makes it the fourth largest city in

730-513: A part of Eniwa, including Mount Izari and Mount Soranuma. In the area is the hydroelectric Izarigawa Dam that dams the Izari river. The city of Eniwa is separated into three major areas: Eniwa in the south, Megumino ( 恵み野 ) in the center and Shimamatsu in the north. Shimamatsu is separated from Eniwa and Megumino by approximately 300 meters. Winters in Eniwa are colder than the surrounding areas, due to

803-457: A special advisor to the commission. Construction began around Odori Park , which still remains as a green ribbon of recreational land bisecting the central area of the city. The city closely followed a grid plan with streets at right-angles to form city blocks. The continuing expansion of the Japanese into around Hokkaido continued, and the prosperity of Hokkaido and particularly its capital grew to

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876-502: Is Sōtō and Myōshō-ji is Nichiren Shū . There are four Shinto shrines around Eniwa. Toyosaka Shrine was first established in 1874 as an area dedicated to Inari Ōkami , with a small shrine for Ōkuninushi built at the site in 1891. A second shrine, built to accommodate settlers from Toyama and Ishikawa . Shimamatsu Shrine was established in 1901 from donations from the people who lived in Shimamatsu. The fourth, Kashiwagi Shrine,

949-626: Is 411,000 m . In addition, the land around the banks of the Izari River is considered urban open space . Parks in Eniwa mostly consist of open spaces and woodland, though several feature sporting facilities, such as Nakajima Park's jogging track. In 2006, an agricultural theme park called Ecorin Village was built in Eniwa. At the gardening center of the theme park is a greenhouse housing Tomato no Mori ( とまとの森 , "Tomato Forest") , which in November 2013

1022-615: Is a city in Japan . It is the largest in northern Japan and the largest city in Hokkaido , the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city in Japan with 1,959,750 residents as of July 31, 2023. It is the capital city of Hokkaido Prefecture and Ishikari Subprefecture . Sapporo lies in the southwest of Hokkaido, within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River , which

1095-438: Is a destination for winter sports and events and summer activities due to its comparatively cool climate. The city is also the manufacturing centre of Hokkaido, manufacturing various goods such as food and related products, fabricated metal products, steel, machinery, beverages, and pulp and paper. The Sapporo Breweries , founded in 1876, is a major company and employer in the city. Hokkaido International Airlines (Air Do)

1168-537: Is a tributary stream of the Ishikari . It is considered the cultural, economic, and political center of Hokkaido. Sapporo hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics , the first Winter Olympics ever held in Asia, and the second Olympic games held in Japan after the 1964 Summer Olympics . Sapporo recently dropped its bid for the 2030 Winter Olympics . The Sapporo Dome hosted three games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup and two games during

1241-486: Is behind the Izari Dam in the national park,. Eniwa has two public high schools, five junior high schools, and eight elementary schools. In 2012, the city had 3,935 students enrolled at elementary schools and 2,079 at junior high schools. In 2008, 300 students were enrolled at Eniwa North High School and 200 at Eniwa South High School. Eniwa's first school was opened in 1887, when Buddhist priest Kyūzō Nakayama established

1314-757: Is connected to the Hokkaido Railway network on the Chitose Line . There are four train stations (from north to south): Shimamatsu Station , Megumino Station and Eniwa Station , as well as the electronically manned Sapporo Beer Teien Station . The Eniwa Station is a designated stop for Rapid Airport trains, though not a stop for limited express trains such as the Super Ōzora or the Super Tokachi . Japan National Route 36 and Japan National Route 453 run through Eniwa. There are two toll express roads through Eniwa,

1387-585: Is due to the Siberian High developing over the Eurasian land mass and the Aleutian Low developing over the northern Pacific Ocean, resulting in a flow of cold air southeastward across Tsushima Current and to western Hokkaido. The city's annual average precipitation is around 1,100 mm (43.3 in), and the mean annual temperature is 8.5 °C (47.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Sapporo

1460-522: Is generally made up of the Yume Pirika , Nanatsu Boshi , Oborozuki and Fukkurinko . Eniwa also grows many vegetables. Vegetables with 100 ha or more dedicated space include wheat , soybeans , sugar beet , potatoes and daikon (Japanese radish). Other farmed vegetables include ebisu kabocha pumpkins, carrots, adzuki beans and cabbages. The ebisu kabocha is the city vegetable. Pumpkin-flavored soft serve , manjū and soup can be bought at

1533-755: Is headquartered in Chūō-ku . In April 2004, Air Nippon Network was headquartered in Higashi-ku . Other companies headquartered in Sapporo include Crypton Future Media , DB-Soft , Hokkaido Air System , and Royce' . Greater Sapporo, Sapporo Metropolitan Employment Area (2.3 million people), had a total GDP of US$ 84.7 billion in 2010. In 2014, Sapporo's GDP per capita (PPP) was US$ 32,446. See Japanese national university There are 198 municipal elementary schools, and 98 municipal junior high schools in Sapporo. Sapporo Odori High School provides Japanese-language classes to foreign and Japanese returnee students, and

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1606-457: Is home to Hokkaido University , just north of Sapporo Station . The city is served by Okadama Airport and New Chitose Airport in nearby Chitose . Sapporo's name is taken from Ainuic sat poro pet ( サッ・ポロ・ペッ ), which can be translated as "dry, great river", a reference to the Toyohira River. Sapporo is a city located in the southwest part of Ishikari Plain and the alluvial fan of

1679-450: Is located in the heart of the city and hosts a number of annual events and festivals throughout the year. Moerenuma Park is also one of the largest parks in Sapporo, and was constructed under the plan of Isamu Noguchi , a Japanese-American artist and landscape architect. Neighbouring cities are Ishikari , Ebetsu , Kitahiroshima , Eniwa , Chitose , Otaru , Date , and adjoining towns are Tōbetsu , Kimobetsu , Kyōgoku . Sapporo has

1752-526: Is relatively uncommon in the otherwise mountainous geography of Hokkaido. During 1870–1871, Kuroda Kiyotaka , vice-chairman of the Hokkaido Development Commission (Kaitaku-shi), approached the American government for assistance in developing the land. As a result, Horace Capron , Secretary of Agriculture under President Ulysses S. Grant , became an oyatoi gaikokujin and was appointed as

1825-539: The 1940 Winter Olympics , but due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War , this was cancelled the next year. Maruyama Town was integrated as a part of Chūō-ku in 1940, and the Okadama Airport was constructed in 1942. During World War II , the city was bombed by American naval aircraft in July 1945. The first Sapporo Snow Festival was held in 1950. In the same year, adjacent Shiroishi Village

1898-654: The 2019 Rugby World Cup . Additionally, Sapporo has hosted the Asian Winter Games three times, in 1986 , 1990 , and 2017 and the 1991 Winter Universiade . Sapporo is ranked second in the attractiveness ranking of cities in Japan. The annual Sapporo Snow Festival draws more than 2 million tourists. Other notable sites include the Sapporo Beer Museum and the Sapporo TV Tower located in Odori Park . It

1971-639: The Flower Road Eniwa roadside station . In the Heisei era , manufacturing has increasingly become an important industry. In 1989, an area in southern Eniwa became dedicated to manufacture, called the Eniwa Techno Park ( 恵庭テクノパーク , Eniwa Tekuno Pāku ) . In the same year, the Sapporo Brewery Hokkaido factory was built. It deals with 120 million liters of beer per year. There are many food production factories are in Eniwa, including ones for Sanmaruko,

2044-589: The Hokkaido High-Technology College , is a multi-discipline school, with four faculties: technology, medicine, education and recovery/sports science. The Hokkaido Eco Communication College is a veterinary school, and the Nihon Fukushi Rehabilitation Gakuin is a physical medicine and rehabilitation school. In addition to these, Kinki University has its Hokkaido seminar house for natural resource research in Eniwa. Eniwa

2117-727: The Hokkaidō Expressway and the Dōtō Expressway which begins at the Chitose-Eniwa junction. There are two bus services in Eniwa. The Hokkaido Chuo Bus transports passengers around Hokkaido and passes through Eniwa. The Eniwa Community Bus was established in 2004 and circuits around Eniwa. Eniwa is serviced by the New Chitose Airport for air travel, 15 km away. It is an international airport, with destinations mainly in Asia such as Seoul , Shanghai and Taipei . However,

2190-656: The Ishikari Subprefecture , and the 13th largest in Hokkaido. The town's name is taken from the nearby Mount Eniwa , in the Shikotsu-Tōya National Park . The name in Ainu , e-en-iwa ( エエンイワ ), means "sharp mountain." The name was transliterated into Japanese ateji to mean blessed garden . The Japanese transliteration was chosen because of the homonyms niwa ( 庭 , "garden") and niwa ( 二輪 , "two rings") ,

2263-546: The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force 's Northern Army are in Eniwa — Camp Shimamatsu, Camp Kita Eniwa, and Camp Minami Eniwa — where the Northern Army performs military exercises, including the 1st Tank Group's tank practice. There are a variety of Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines and Christian churches in Eniwa. Most of the institutions were established in the Meiji period . The most recent Shinto shrine

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2336-583: The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force . May : the Sapporo Lilac Festival. Lilac was brought to Sapporo in 1889 by an American educator, Sarah Clara Smith. At the festival, people enjoy the flowers, wine and live music. June : the Yosakoi Soran Festival. The sites of the festival are centered on Odori Park and the street leading to Susukino, and there are other festival sites. In the festival, many dance teams dance to music composed based on

2409-600: The Tohoku Imperial University was established in Sendai Miyagi Prefecture, and Sapporo Agricultural College was controlled by the university. Parts of neighbouring villages including Sapporo Village, Naebo Village, Kami Shiroishi Village, and districts where the Tonden-hei had settled, were integrated into Sapporo-ku in 1910. The Sapporo Streetcar was opened in 1918, and Hokkaido Imperial University

2482-615: The Toyohira River , a tributary stream of the Ishikari River . It is part of Ishikari Subprefecture . Roadways in the urban district are laid to make a grid plan. The western and southern parts of Sapporo are occupied by a number of mountains including Mount Teine, Maruyama, and Mount Moiwa , as well as many rivers including the Ishikari River, Toyohira River, and Sōsei River. Sapporo has an elevation of 29 m (95 ft 2 in). Sapporo has many parks, including Odori Park, which

2555-498: The 100th anniversary of the foundation of Sapporo and Hokkaido was held in 1968. The Sapporo Municipal Subway system was inaugurated in 1971, which made Sapporo the fourth city in Japan to have a subway system. From February 3 to 13, 1972, the 1972 Winter Olympics were held, the first Winter Olympics held in Asia. On April 1 of the same year, Sapporo was designated as one of the cities designated by government ordinance , and seven wards were established. The last public performance by

2628-578: The Ainu who lived in the area. In the Edo period , one of the 13 trading locations across the Ishikari plain was Shuma-mappu Location ( シュママップ場所 , Shumamappu Basho ) ( Ainu : Shuma-o-mappu ( シュマ・オ・マップ )), which corresponds to the modern-day Shimamatsu River basin. The trading area was active until the end of the Edo era. Early Japanese contact with the area included in 1755, when jezo spruce trees were harvested along

2701-570: The Bible as an "ethics" course, introducing Christian principles to the first entering class of the college. In 1880, the entire area of Sapporo was renamed as "Sapporo-ku" (Sapporo Ward), and a railroad between Sapporo and Temiya, Otaru was laid. That year the Hōheikan , a hotel and reception facility for visiting officials and dignitaries, was built adjacent to the Odori Park. It was later moved to Nakajima Park where it remains today. Two years later, with

2774-575: The Eniwa Evangelical Lutheran church. In addition, there is a Jehovah's Witness church, as well as a church for the Chitose and Eniwa ward of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Eniwa has five public parks: Eniwa Park , Nakajima Park, Furusato Park, Megumino Central Park and Technopark Central Park. The parks are mostly around central and southern Eniwa. The largest, Eniwa Park,

2847-576: The Eniwa Mine's operations, a total of 700 kg of gold and 3,500 kg of silver had been mined. The mines and buildings were dismantled, though the Kōryū Mine was reopened in 1949 by Yutani Mining. After the Occupation of Japan beginning in 1945, many agricultural reforms were undertaken that made the farms around Eniwa more prosperous. In September 1950, a military camp for training police personnel

2920-536: The Izari River and the Shimamatsu River. The area administered to by Eniwa extends north to the Shimamatsu river and stops at the border to Naganuma township in Sorachi Subprefecture . Eniwa borders Chitose city along its south border, with the cities being separated by as little as 750 m in some places. To the west of Eniwa is the Shikotsu-Tōya National Park . Eight mountains in the park are considered

2993-606: The Izari river, and in 1805, when the river was farmed for salmon and trout. In 1857, the Hakodate magistrate decreed that a road between Otaru and Chitose be developed, leading to the development of the Ishikari Plain. When Hokkaido became a part of Japan in the early Meiji period , the area around Eniwa was incorporated into Iburi Province in 1869. Settlers from Kōchi Prefecture initially settled in Eniwa in 1870 in two villages: Izari Village ( 漁村 , Izari-mura ) in

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3066-637: The Moizari Kofun Site ( 茂漁古墳群 , Moizari kofun-gun ) . The style is similar to those at the Ebetsu Kofun Site and northern Tōhoku historic graves. During the Ainu settlement period (1200 CE until the Meiji era), there is historical evidence for settlements in the villages and further away on the plains. After the Matsumae clan settled on the southern tip of Hokkaido in 1590, they traded goods with

3139-609: The Tondenhei, the soldiers pioneering Hokkaido, settled in the place where the area of Tonden in Kita-ku, Sapporo is currently located. Sapporo-ku administered surrounding Sapporo-gun until 1899, when the new district system was announced. After that year, Sapporo-ku was away from the control of Sapporo-gun. The "ku" (district) enforced from 1899 was an autonomy which was a little bigger than towns, and smaller than cities. In Hokkaido at that time, Hakodate-ku and Otaru-ku also existed. In 1907,

3212-644: The US in 1883 but returned to Japan as a secretary of government. William S. Clark , who was the president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the University of Massachusetts Amherst ), came to be the founding vice-president of the Sapporo Agricultural College (now Hokkaido University ) for only eight months from 1876 to 1877. He taught academic subjects in science and lectured on

3285-632: The abolition of the Kaitaku-shi, Hokkaidō was divided into three prefectures: Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro. The name of the urban district in Sapporo remained Sapporo-ku, while the rest of the area in Sapporo-ku was changed to Sapporo-gun. The office building of Sapporo-ku was also located in the urban district. Sapporo, Hakodate, and Nemuro Prefectures were abolished in 1886, and Hokkaidō government office building , an American- neo-baroque -style structure with red bricks, constructed in 1888. The last squad of

3358-720: The ashes of the Buddha that were presented to the Emperor of Japan by Prime Minister Nehru in 1954. Another portion was presented to Mikhail Gorbachev by the Nipponzan-Myohoji monk, Junsei Terasawa. February : the Sapporo Snow Festival The main site is at Odori Park, and other sites include Susukino (known as the Susukino Ice Festival) and Sapporo Satoland . Many of the snow and ice statues are built by members of

3431-425: The building of Megumino in the late 1970s and increasing growth in the city, three new junior high schools and six new elementary schools were built between 1970 and 1991. Eniwa has one university and three vocational schools . Hokkaido Bunkyo University 's main campus is in Eniwa. The university has two departments, foreign languages and health sciences . The three vocational schools are in Megumino. The largest,

3504-463: The first round. Fumio Ueda, was elected as Sapporo mayor for the first time in 2003. Sapporo became the home to a Nippon Professional Baseball team, Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters , in 2004, which won the 2006 Japan Series , and the victory parade was held on Ekimae-Dōri (a street in front of Sapporo Station ) in February 2007. The 34th G8 summit took place in Tōyako in 2008, and a number of people including anti-globalization activists marched in

3577-539: The heart of the city to protest. Police officers were gathered in Sapporo from all over Japan, while four people were arrested in the demonstrations. The Hokkaidō Shinkansen line, which currently connects Honshu to Hakodate through the Seikan Tunnel , is planned to link to Sapporo by 2030. Sapporo has twinning relationships with several cities worldwide. Sapporo also cooperates with: The tertiary sector dominates Sapporo's industry. Major industries include information technology, retail, and tourism, as Sapporo

3650-602: The later referring to the two rivers that pass through the city, the Shimamatsu River and the Izari River, as well as the "blessings" ( 恵 , e ) between the two rivers. The first known settlement of Eniwa was in the Initial Jōmon period in 7000 BC, at the Karinba ruins ( Karinba Iseki ) . The settlement received a surge of people in 2000 B, and continued being settled for many years. Many artifacts have been found, including lacquered combs, beads, earthenware and stone accessories. Historical Satsumon culture (700–1200 CE ) graves dating have been found around Eniwa, at

3723-404: The north-northwest of Mount Eniwa was constructed, and Kōryū Mine was expanded. The town featured around 40 five-family apartments and additional buildings for administration and amenities, however, no restaurants or entertainment areas were constructed. Two elementary schools were operated for the area. Both mines were closed in 1943, due to the Order for Gold Mine Consolidation . By the end of

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3796-466: The officially recognized year celebrated as the "birth" of Sapporo, the new Meiji government concluded that the existing administrative center of Hokkaido, which at the time was the port of Hakodate , was in an unsuitable location for defense and further development of the island. As a result, it was determined that a new capital on the Ishikari Plain should be established. The plain itself provided an unusually large expanse of flat, well-drained land which

3869-486: The opera singer, Maria Callas , was in Sapporo at the Hokkaido Koseinenkin Kaikan on 11 November 1974. The Sapporo Municipal Subway was expanded when the Tōzai line started operation in 1976, and the Tōhō line was opened in 1988. In 1989, Atsubetsu-ku and Teine-ku were separated from Shiroishi-ku and Nishi-ku. Annual events in Sapporo were started, such as the Pacific Music Festival in 1990, and Yosakoi Sōran Festival in 1992. A professional football club, Consadole Sapporo ,

3942-402: The point that the Development Commission was deemed unnecessary and was abolished in 1882. In 1871, the Hokkaidō Shrine was built in its current location as the Sapporo Shrine. Edwin Dun came to Sapporo to establish sheep and cattle ranches in 1876. He also demonstrated pig raising and the making of butter, cheese, ham and sausage. He was married twice, to Japanese women. He once went back to

4015-481: The population is female. Eniwa's population is 99.7% Japanese, with the remaining 0.3% being foreign residents. 13.8% of residents are under 15 years of age, and the workforce comprises 64.4% of residents. 21.8% of people are over age 65. In the 2012 population records, 22 residents are listed as centenarians . The bulk of the population, 68%, lives in central Eniwa, while 17.5% live in Megumino and 13.2% live in Shimamatsu. The remainder 1.3% of Eniwa residents live in

4088-421: The restaurant chain Tonden, oden producer Horikawa, Hoshio Milk, Yamazaki Baking , Kibun Foods and Robapan. Morinaga Milk Industry built its Sapporo Factory in Eniwa in 1961; in April 2013 it halted all manufacturing there, leaving the site as a delivery depot. There are mechanical factories for Sanwa Holdings, MSK Farm Machinery, Mitsubishi 's customized machinery division and Oji Paper . Three camps for

4161-433: The school has special admissions quotas for these groups. The city has two private international schools: Sapporo has one streetcar line, three JR Hokkaido lines, three subway lines and JR Bus , Chuo Bus and other bus lines. Sapporo Subway trains have rubber-tired wheels. The Sapporo area is served by two airports: Okadama Airport , which offers regional flights within Hokkaido and Tohoku, and New Chitose Airport ,

4234-414: The shores of the Izari river, which greatly increased the size of Izari. A year later, the Izari town hall was built, meaning Chitose no longer administered Izari or Shimamatsu. At this point, Eniwa had grown to 572 residents, and the first elementary school was opened. Shinto shrines were constructed in 1901: Toyosaka Shrine in Izari and Shimamatsu Shrine. The Buddhist temple Ten'yū-ji 's main building

4307-525: The south and Shimamatsu Village ( 島松村 , Shimamatsu-mura ) in the north. In 1873, the Sapporo Highway ( 札幌本道 , Sapporo Hondō ) , the a road linking Hakodate with Sapporo was completed, and it was built through both villages. In 1873, rice farming started in Shimamatsu, as well as the first postal service. In 1880, the Chitose town hall began administering five surrounding villages to Chitose, including Izari and Shimamatsu. In 1886, 65 families from Waki, Yamaguchi and Iwakuni, Yamaguchi moved to

4380-401: The surrounding farmland. Eniwa is on the Ishikari Plain , amongst farmland. The town is 8 km from Chitose (and the New Chitose Airport ), and to the north is Kitahiroshima City. 26 km north of Eniwa is Sapporo, the largest city and prefectural capital of Hokkaido. All of these cities are connected by the Chitose Line railway and by the Japan National Route 36 . The town is on

4453-648: The town being inland. The average daily low temperature is between 5-6 degrees lower than Sapporo , 26 km to the north near the Sea of Japan , and 4-5 degrees lower than in Tomakomai , 28 km to the south on the coast of the Pacific Ocean . Summers are slightly milder than in Sapporo. Traditionally, Eniwa's economy was based around farming, with the first major rice farms created in 1873. Eniwa has two main crops: flowers and rice. 3,800ha of land are dedicated to flowers, most of which are cut flowers . 2,700 ha of land are dedicated to rice farming, mostly ley farming , though paddy field rice exists. Rice in Eniwa

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4526-479: The town had 34,500 residents, it was upgraded to Eniwa City, after a piece of regional legislation allowed Eniwa, Noboribetsu and later Date to become cities. In 1979, part of the farmland between Eniwa and Shimamatsu was developed into Megumino, a new suburb of the city. By 1982, the Megumino Station was built, along with the Ito-Yokado shopping center and the Megumino Elementary School. In 1987, residents exceeded 50,000. The Sapporo Brewery Hokkaido factory

4599-463: Was 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) on August 23, 2023. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −28.5 °C (−19.3 °F) on 1 February 1929. See or edit raw graph data . Sapporo currently has ten wards ( 区 , ku ) . per km The first census of the population of Sapporo was taken in 1873, when 753 families with a total of 1,785 people were recorded in the town. The city has an estimated population of 1,959,750 as of July 31, 2023 and

4672-516: Was awarded the Guinness World Records award for the largest tomato plant in the world, measuring 85.46m at the time. Within the urban borders of Eniwa are several park golf grounds, a sport created in Hokkaido. Outside of the city, the Eniwa Country Club features three nine-hole golf courses . In the Shikotsu-Tōya National Park to the west, many of the mountains such as Mount Izari and Mount Soranuma feature walking trails to their summits. The man-made Lake Eniwa ( えにわ湖 , Eniwa-ko ) lake

4745-447: Was built in 1908. There are seven Buddhist temples in Eniwa. The largest is Ten'yū-ji , an Otani-ha temple established in 1886. Daian-ji was initially established as a terakoya school for the children of Eniwa in 1887, but grew to be a temple in 1911. The Eniwa Buddhist temples follow a variety of schools. Two of the temples are Otani-ha , two are Hongan-ji , Kōryū-ji is a Kompira worshiping Kōyasan Shingon-shū temple, Daian-ji

4818-413: Was built in Kashiwagi. In 1951, Company C, 52d Infantry Regiment (Anti-Tank) of the United States Army held military practices at the camp. When the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force 's Northern Army was established in 1952, they took over running the camp and established the South Eniwa Camp in 1952. By 1951, the village's population was significant enough to be upgraded to a town. In 1970 after

4891-443: Was built in the south of Eniwa in 1989, and a dedicated train station, the Sapporo Beer Teien Station was built in 1990. In 1993, residents in Eniwa exceeded 60,000. In 2006, Eniwa's first community radio station began broadcast. It was originally called FM Pumpkin ( FMパンキン ) , but the name was changed to E-Niwa in 2010. In April 2013, construction began on East Garden Megumino ( イーストガーデン恵み野 , Īsuto Gāden Megumino ) ,

4964-409: Was constructed in 1904. In 1906, Izari and Shimamatsu were merged to form Eniwa Village ( 恵庭村 , Eniwa-mura ) , a second class municipality. The village also administered Hiroshima Village ; in 1943 the village seceded. In 1922, the village received electricity, after the Izari River was used for hydroelectric power . By 1923, the town had grown enough to become a first class municipality. Eniwa

5037-441: Was established in 1908. Much of the shrine was demolished in 1982 due to dilapidation. In Eniwa, there are six Shinto gods who have been enshrined: Toyouke-Ōmikami (at Toyosaka and Shimamatsu), Ōkuninushi (at Toyosaka), Amenominakanushi (at Kashiwagi) and Amaterasu , Inari Ōkami and Kasuga Ōkami at Eniwa Shrine. There are three Christian churches in Eniwa, the Catholic Eniwa Parish, Eniwa Evangelical Christian Church and

5110-413: Was established in 1996. In 1997, Kiyota-ku was separated from Toyohira-ku. In the same year, Hokkaidō Takushoku Bank , a Hokkaido-based bank with headquarters in Odori, went bankrupt. In 2001 the construction of the Sapporo Dome was completed, and in 2002 the Dome hosted three games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup : Germany vs Saudi Arabia, Argentina vs England and Italy vs Ecuador, all of which were in

5183-399: Was established in Sapporo-ku, as the fifth Imperial University in Japan. Another railroad operated in Sapporo, the Jōzankei Railroad, which was ultimately abolished in 1969. In 1922, the new city system was announced by the Tokyo government, and Sapporo-ku was officially changed to Sapporo City. The Sapporo Municipal Bus System was started in 1930. In 1937, Sapporo was chosen as the site of

5256-631: Was first connected to by rail in 1926, after the Sapporo Line (now known as the Chitose Line) was completed, and Eniwa Station and Shimamatsu Station were opened. In the 1930s, Eniwa became a site for mining gold and silver. In 1935, a small-scale private mine called the Kōryū Mine ( 光竜鉱山 , Kōryū Kōzan ) was opened in 1935 and run by the Fujita company. In 1939, the nationally run Eniwa Gold Mine ( 恵庭鉱山 , Eniwa Kōzan ) opened. A mining town to

5329-464: Was integrated into Sapporo City, rendered as a part of Shiroishi-ku, and Atsubetsu-ku. In 1955, Kotoni Town, the entire Sapporo Village, and Shinoro Village were merged into Sapporo, becoming a part of the current Chūō-ku, Kita-ku, Higashi-ku, Nishi-ku, and Teine-ku. The expansion of Sapporo continued, with the merger of Toyohira Town in 1961, and Teine Town in 1967, each becoming a part of Toyohira-ku, Kiyota-ku, and Teine-ku. The ceremony commemorating

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