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90-609: The Orinoco Belt is located in Guárico and south of the Anzoátegui , Monagas , and Delta Amacuro states, and it follows the line of the river. It is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) from east to west, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) from north to south, with an area about 55,314 square kilometres (21,357 sq mi). The Orinoco Belt consists of large deposits of extra heavy crude . Venezuela's heavy oil deposits of about 1,200 billion barrels (1.9 × 10 m), found primarily in

180-551: A 0.54% stake. The ownership structure includes a Cayman Islands company, QHG Cayman Limited, whose ownership can not be traced. After the transaction, Rosneft's holding company Rosneftegaz retained 50% + 1 share of the company. On 2 October 2017, the PLA -linked CEFC China Energy bought a $ 9 billion stake in Rosneft. On 26 September 2017, the Russian government controversially approved

270-453: A 22.5% stake in Rosneft. Rosneft announced a placement value of US$ 5.85–7.85 per share and global depository receipt (GDR), based on the company's capitalization after consolidation of US$ 60–80 billion. It planned to place shares for at least US$ 8.5 billion in order to repay loans to Western banks, including interest and taxes. On 14 July, the official results of the placement value were announced. Shares were priced at US$ 7.55, almost at

360-660: A consortium to develop the Junin bloc 6 of the Orinoco belt in Venezuela. The formation waters from the boreholes show a main Na-Cl level (TDS up to 30g/L) with a dilution trend toward Na-HCO 3 composition (down to 1g/L). The stable isotope ratio of oxygen and hydrogen of water molecule reveal that the seawater mother water was modified during a high-temperature thrusting event (120–125 °C), forming O-enriched diagenetic water (up to +4‰), which

450-436: A full range of geophysical and geochemical research, conduct 2D and 3D seismic surveys, and start preparations for exploratory drilling. In June 2014, Rosneft extended the shelf study period to five years. In July 2015, however, the new President of Abkhazia, Raul Khajimba , who replaced Alexander Ankvab after his resignation, spoke out against the exploration and production of oil on the offshore shelf of Abkhazia and asked

540-464: A number of auctions for the sale of Yukos' assets, including five refineries and oil companies Tomsk Oil Company and Samara Oil and Gas Company, making it the largest oil company in Russia. According to experts on the Russian newspaper Vedomosti , the assets of Yukos, bought by Rosneft at auction organized by the state, went to the company at a discount of 43.4% of the market price of this property. In 2007,

630-465: A shareholding agreement which stipulated that their Russian joint venture would be the primary corporate vehicle for BP's oil and gas operations in Russia. On 30 August 2011, Rosneft announced that instead of BP, the partner for EPNZ-1, EPNZ-2 and EPNZ-3 in the Kara Sea will be ExxonMobil. In exchange, subject to approval by U.S. regulators, in addition to a share in oil production in Russian fields, Rosneft

720-472: A thermo-mineral spring with a capacity of 6800 L/h. They are surrounded by a dry tropical forest, with very arid vegetation. It has bathrooms, pools and various services. They are located northwest of San Juan de Los Morros, 58 km from Maracay. These are waters that flow from galleys, forming four wells or springs. It has pools and bathing rooms. They are located between the towns of Ortiz and San Francisco de Cara, 60 km from San Juan de Los Morros. It

810-611: A total value of US$ 10.7 billion in an initial public offering (IPO) at the London Stock Exchange , the Russian Trading System , and the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange . Part of the shares were distributed among the Russian population through banks such as Sberbank and Gazprombank . The Federal Service for Financial Markets authorized the placement and circulation outside the country of

900-549: Is San Juan de Los Morros and the largest city is Calabozo , other important city centers include Valle de la Pascua and Zaraza . Guárico State covers a total surface area of 64,986 km (25,091 sq mi) and, in 2011, had a census population of 747,739. It is named for the Guárico River . When the Europeans arrived in Venezuela, various ethnic groups inhabited the region that would constitute Guárico. Among these were

990-494: Is about 11,593 square kilometres (4,476 sq mi). On January 7, 1936, Standard Oil of New Jersey, with the drilling of the well "La Canoa-1" located near the community of La Canoa (state of Anzoategui), began the exploitation of the Orinoco Oil Belt (FPO). That well was active for 44 days, producing approximately one thousand net barrels of crude oil per day. But by then, the exploitation activities were abandoned due to

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1080-576: Is centered on 200,000 barrels per day (32,000 m/d). Junin block 4 is developed in cooperation with CNPC (40%). It is expected to produce 400 thousand barrels per day (64 × 10 ^  m/d); however, the commissioning date is not announced. Junin block 5 is developed in cooperation with Eni (40%). It is expected to produce 75 thousand barrels per day (11.9 × 10 ^  m/d) by 2013 with late production of 240 thousand barrels per day (38 × 10 ^  m/d). The development will include an oil refinery for production of motor fuels. Junin block 6

1170-550: Is controlled by the Russian government through the Rosneftegaz holding company. Its name is a portmanteau of the Russian words Ros siyskaya neft ( Russian : Рос сийская нефть , lit.   'Russian oil'). Rosneft was founded in 1993 as a state enterprise and then incorporated in 1995, acquiring a number of state-controlled gas and oil assets. It became Russia's leading oil company after purchasing assets of

1260-673: Is developed in cooperation with Repsol YPF (11%), Petronas (11%), ONGC (11%), Indian Oil Corporation (3.5%), and Oil India (3.5%). It consists of Carabobo block 1 North and block 1 Central. The expected production output will be 400 thousand barrels per day (64 × 10 ^  m/d) by 2013. The upgrader is expected to be ready by 2017. Carabobo 3 is developed in cooperation with Chevron Corporation (34%), Suelopetrol (1%) pct, and Mitsubishi Corporation and Inpex (5%). It consists of Carabobo block 2 South, block 3, and block 5. The expected production output will be 400 thousand barrels per day (64 × 10 ^  m/d) by 2013. The upgrader

1350-425: Is developed in cooperation with a consortium of Russian oil companies, including Rosneft , Gazprom Neft , Lukoil , TNK-BP and Surgutneftegaz . It is expected to produce 450 thousand barrels per day (72 × 10 ^  m/d); however, the commissioning date is not announced. Junín block 7 was discovered in 2009 and developed by PDVSA . The oil field is operated and owned by PDVSA . The total proven reserves of

1440-466: Is expected to be ready by 2017. Carabobo 2 will be developed in cooperation with Rosneft and Corporation Venezolana del Petroleo (CVP) - a subsidiary of Venezuela's state oil and gas company PDVSA. The agreement, signed by Rosneft CEO Igor Sechin and Venezuelan Oil Minister, PDVSA chief Rafael Ramirez in the presence of President Hugo Chávez , establishes a joint venture to develop the Carabobo 2 bloc in

1530-485: Is expected to produce 200 thousand barrels per day (32 × 10 ^  m/d) by 2011. The development will include also a heavy crude upgrader; however, its commissioning date is not specified. Junín Block 3 was discovered in 2009 and developed by PDVSA . The oil field is operated and owned by PDVSA . The total proven reserves of the Junín-3 oil field are around 4.26 billion barrels (677,000,000 m), and production

1620-617: Is flat and occupies the Central Plains of the country. To the northwest, it has low mountains, also known as Morros, and hills of the Cordillera de la Costa. The mountainous part of Guárico includes the Fila de los Suspiros, bordering the state of Cojedes to the northwest, continues with the Fila de La Raya, also called La Escalera, until reaching the city of San Juan de los Morros, some of which can reach 2000 meters above sea level. Other mountains to

1710-497: Is manually backed up if it does not work. Morros de Macaira Natural Monument is a natural monument located in the State of Guárico[1] in Venezuela. It was created in 1978. It covers an area of 99 hectares. Throughout the region, it is common to find limestone massifs, caves furrowed by small watercourses, and deep vertical peaks. Morros de Macaira Natural Monument is located in the municipality of José Tadeo Monagas. The western boundary of

1800-402: Is one of the largest oil companies, ranking 24 in terms of revenue. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000 , Rosneft was ranked as the 53rd-largest public company in the world. The company operates in more than twenty countries around the world. In 2022, the company's revenue amounted to 7 trillion rubles. Rosneft has played a major role in the history of Russia's oil industry . The first use of

1890-599: Is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard . The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of the State of Guárico, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people through a universal direct and secret vote every four years. It can be reelected for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of

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1980-403: Is the main economic activity in this state. Guárico also occupies a significant place in the cultivation of cereals such as rice,8 corn and sorghum. This activity is linked to the agro-industrial sector, both supported by the existence of 16 reservoirs and three risk systems (Guárico, Orituco, and Tiznados rivers). With respect to livestock, the production of cattle and pigs stands out. And within

2070-473: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine more than half of Rosneft's 11-member board had quit, forcing the company into a major reshuffle at its annual general meeting on 30 June 2022. Taieb Belmahdi, a former executive at Qatar's state-owned QE, has been elected chairman of the board to replace ex-German chancellor Gerhard Schröder who stepped down in May. In November 2023 a Rosneft subsidiary Sakhalinmorneftegaz-Shelf

2160-615: The Abkhazia 's Ministry of Economy. The parties stated their intention to develop mutually beneficial cooperation in areas as geological prospecting , development of oil and gas fields, production of hydrocarbons , and sale of oil, natural gas and oil products. Rosneft undertook exploration on the shelf in the Ochamchira area, discovering preliminary reserves estimated at 200 million to 500 million tons of oil equivalent. In addition to drilling and creating its own sales network, Rosneft also planned

2250-717: The Battle of Coplé between the federalist and central government troops took place near Calabozo. The battle itself did not give clear results, but the continuation of the guerrilla warfare after this episode led to the signing of a peace agreement on April 23, 1863 between the Federalists and the Government. In 1879 the state became part of the Gran Estado Miranda with what is now Bolívar (present-day Miranda), Guzmán Blanco (present-day Aragua), Apure and Nueva Esparta. In 1889 this state

2340-614: The Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and Rosneft, cooperation between CNPC and Transneft to construct and operate a branch of the Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline to China, and the provision of loans for US$ 25 billion—US$ 15 billion from Rosneft and US$ 10 billion from Transneft—by the China Development Bank on the security of supplies. Starting in 2004,

2430-484: The Great Recession struck Russia in late 2008, Rosneft was able to endure the economic pains by improving and strengthening business lines, management, and transparency , and as a result, became a leading oil company domestically and internationally. In February 2009, a number of agreements were negotiated between Russia and China that provided a 20-year contract for an annual supply of 15 million tons of oil between

2520-553: The People's Assembly to consider the possibility of establishing a "commission for the comprehensive study of issues related to the conclusion of contracts for exploration and production hydrocarbons by the previous Abkhaz leadership." A group of deputies of the People's Assembly drafted a bill banning the development of hydrocarbons in Abkhazia. Supporters of the bill demanded the prohibition of

2610-510: The Russian supreme court announced that Lebedev should also be freed early. The purchase of Yugansk in 2005 greatly increased the number of assets and production for Rosneft. Subsequently, Rosneft filed a lawsuit against Yukos in connection with the use of the understated transfer prices for the purchase of oil from Yuganskneftegaz prior to its breakup. At the same time, Rosneft itself also purchased oil and gas from its subsidiary, Yuganskneftegaz, at transfer prices . In May 2007, Rosneft won

2700-593: The US Geological Survey increased the estimated reserves to 513 billion barrels (8.16 × 10 m) of oil which is "technically recoverable (producible using currently available technology and industry practices)." No estimate of how much of the oil is economically recoverable was made. The Orinoco Belt is currently divided into four exploration and production areas. These are: Boyacá (formerly Machete), Junín (formerly Zuata), Ayacucho (formerly Hamaca), and Carabobo (formerly Cerro Negro). The current exploration area

2790-678: The 2010s, the extensive contact between Rosneft and ExxonMobil were further deepened, with Igor Sechin and Rex Tillerson getting to know each other personally. On 15 January 2011, Rosneft and BP announced a deal to develop the East-Prinovozemelsky field on the Russian arctic shelf between the Yamal Peninsula and Novaya Zemlya island. As part of the deal Rosneft was to receive 5% of BP's shares, worth approximately $ 7.8 billion, as of January 2011 and BP would get approximately 9.5% of Rosneft's shares in exchange. According to

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2880-722: The Arctic. In October 2016, Rosneft bought a 49% stake in Essar Oil of India, along with Russian investment fund United Capital, in a deal worth $ 13 billion. On 7 December 2016, Rosneft signed a deal to sell 19.5% of the outstanding shares, or roughly US$ 11 billion, to the Anglo-Swiss multinational commodity trader Glencore and the Qatar Investment Authority . Officially, the stake was split 50/50 between Glencore and Qatar, but Glencore contributed only €300 million and claims only

2970-529: The Carib and Otomac groups would retreat southward or lose cohesion and would be gradually assimilated. Many of the settlers who settled in the area were Basque missionaries and encomenderos who founded Altagracia de Orituco on March 1, 1676. Miguel de Urbés, a lieutenant of Joan Orpí, founded the city of Zaraza in 1645 with the name of San Miguel de la Nueva Tarragona del Batey. El Sombrero was founded in 1720. Four years later they founded Calabozo. In 1728 they established

3060-636: The Caribs Tamanacos, Palenques and Cumanagotos, as well as groups of Guamos and Otomacos. The latter were in permanent confrontation with the Caribs. The colonization of the region only began in the 17th century and above all in the 18th century. The cacique Chiparara managed to organize Carib and Otomac groups in the Llanos de Guárico to counter-attack the Spanish colonizing forces.4 After they were defeated, around 1653,

3150-587: The Guárico River, which in the Caribbean dialect means cacique. Built in 1976, it supplies approximately 300 liters per second to San Juan de los Morros and is also a recreational park with activities planned and directed by groups based on government programs. This festivity generally takes place in February in the city of Zaraza, being the main tourist attraction in that season in the whole llanoriental region, one of

3240-467: The Guárico area in 1946. The fields of El Carrizal and El Sombrero began to attract many workers. In 1957 the construction of the Guárico reservoir began. With 230 km , it is one of the largest irrigation reservoirs in Venezuela and has been contributing to the development of the country. Guárico is known as "the gateway" to the Central Plains, with a geography of contrasts between mountainous areas near

3330-541: The Junín-7 oil field are around 31 billion barrels (4.9 × 10 m), and production is centered on 200,000 barrels per day (32,000 m/d). Junín block 8 was discovered in 2009 and developed by PDVSA . The oil field is operated and owned by PDVSA . The total proven reserves of the Junín-8 oil field are around 40 billion barrels (6.4 × 10 m). The same year, PDVSA and Sinopec signed an agreement to collaborate on

3420-605: The Orinoco Petroleum Belt, are estimated to approximately equal the world's reserves of lighter oil. Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. has estimated that the producible reserves of the Orinoco Belt are up to 235 billion barrels (3.74 × 10 m) which would make it the largest petroleum reserve in the world, slightly ahead of the similar unconventional oil source in the Athabasca oil sands , and above Saudi Arabia . In 2009,

3510-497: The Russian government organized a series of auctions to sell the assets of Yukos Oil Company, of which Rosneft won the majority. On 22 December 2004, Rosneft purchased Baikal Finance Group , which bought Yuganskneftegaz (Yugansk), a main asset of Yukos, three days earlier at a state-run auction for US$ 9.35 billion to satisfy tax debts. According to some estimates, this operation was directed by Russian authorities in order to nationalize Russia's oil and gas industry. In response to

3600-447: The Russian government tried to sell Rosneft, but it failed. In October 1998, the Russian government appointed Sergey Bogdanchikov as president. The company owned two obsolete refineries and several low-productive and poorly managed oil-producing assets. In the late 1990s, plans for Rosneft's privatization in Russia were made, but due to competition with equally influential pretenders , they were not carried out. From 2002 to 2004,

3690-543: The State of Guárico is the Chief Executive of that State located in the center of Venezuela. According to Article 160 of the Venezuelan Constitution of 1999, the governor must be: Venezuelan, over twenty-five years old and from a secular state. The governor is elected for four years by simple majority and can be re-elected for additional periods. The governor appoints a group of trusted secretaries to assist him in

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3780-610: The Venezuelan coastal range. It was created on November 11, 1949 and its area is 1,630 hectares. Its main attraction are the "morros", geological formations of peculiar shapes. They are populated by hill and forest savannas. It is located 5 km northwest of San Juan de Los Morros. The name and current boundaries of the province are the result of the political organization defined in the Ley de División Político Territorial (Political Territorial Division Law) of April 28, 1856. The name comes from

3870-426: The annual interest rate of LIBOR+5.5 percent. To develop the Carabobo 2 bloc Rosneft will invest a total of $ 16 billion, according to CEO Igor Sechin. The Carabobo 2 bloc's reserves total 6.5 billion metric tons of crude. Commercial oil production at the bloc is expected to hit 400,000 barrels per day. Rosneft, along with several Russian oil companies ( Gazprom Neft , Lukoil , TNK-BP and Surgutneftegaz ), have formed

3960-422: The border of the state of Cojedes, galleys (because of their hat shape) or hills that accompany the course of the river Guárico and an equally wide area of flat land. Guárico State is bounded on the north by Miranda, Aragua and Carabobo States, on the south by Bolívar and Apure, on the east by Anzoátegui State and on the west by Cojedes and Barinas States. The average annual temperature is 26 °C. Most of it

4050-572: The command of Boves defeated the troops of Simón Bolívar and Santiago Mariño on the same battlefield. On August 2, 1816 the battle of Quebrada Honda near El Socorro took place. The royalists were defeated by the Republican army led by the Scottish adventurer Gregor MacGregor. The Plains troops led by José Antonio Páez defeated the Royalist forces of Marshal Pablo Morillo on February 12, 1818. However, Morillo

4140-648: The company is looking for foreign cooperation to bring in new technology and share risks. In April 2017, the Trump administration denied ExxonMobil permission to continue a deal with Rosneft to drill for oil in Russia. On 22 October 2012, it was announced that Rosneft will take over TNK-BP International, a parent company of TNK-BP Holding, which is the third largest oil company in Russia. BP will receive in exchange of its stake $ 12.3 billion of cash and 18.5% of Rosneft's share, while ARR received $ 28 billion in cash. According to Rosneft's CEO Igor Sechin , no discussion

4230-549: The company received a license for the development of the Sakhalin-IV and Sakhalin-V project, and in 2003 a license for the development of the Sakhalin-III project. In 2005, Rosneft acquired a 25.94% stake in the company Verkhnechonskneftegaz and became the leading oil company of Russia in terms of production. In 2007, the company for the first time entered the annual list of one hundred most respected firms and companies in

4320-620: The company's CEO, succeeding Khudaninatov, who received the post of vice-president. In the summer of 2012, Rosneft purchased a fuel oil terminal from the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) located on the territory of the Murmansk Ship Repair Plant No. 35. The transaction value is estimated at US$ 28 million. According to Kommersant , the Murmansk terminal can be used as a platform for Rosneft's activities in

4410-562: The company's primary objectives were strengthening control over its assets, reducing the debt burden, and obtaining licenses in Eastern Siberia. The determining factor in enhancing the role of Rosneft in the Russian oil industry has been the support of the country's top leadership. The company, during this time, managed to restore its status after its rough start in the 1990s with the acquisition of Krasnodar Oil and Gas Company in 2002 and Northern Oil Company in early 2003. In addition, in 2002,

4500-517: The construction of mini-refineries in Abkhazia. According to Rosneft, the company provides more than half of the retail sales of oil products in Abkhazia. In 2014, Rosneft exported 47 thousand tons of oil products to Abkhazia. Since 2015, Rosneft has been supplying aviation fuel for Sukhumi Babushara Airport . As part of the project to develop the Gudauta area on the Black Sea shelf, Rosneft carried out

4590-483: The deal, Andrei Illarionov , then a senior Putin economic advisor, denounced it as "fraud of the year". In 2005, Mikhail Khodorkovsky (former chairman of Menatep ) and Platon Lebedev (business partner of Khodorkovsky) were sentenced to nine years in prison for fraud and tax evasion . In February 2007, they were charged again and accused of stealing $ 25 billion worth of oil from Yukos subsidiaries. They were convicted, but in 2013 Putin pardoned Khodorkovsky and 2014

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4680-542: The deal, the two companies would create an Arctic technology centre in Russia to develop technologies and engineering practices for safe arctic hydrocarbons extraction. AAR, which represents four billionaires of Russian origin and is BP's Russian partner in the TNK-BP joint venture, blocked the BP–Rosneft deal in international courts, arguing it breached earlier contracts between BP and AAR. The TNK-BP partners had previously signed

4770-483: The development of the block, whose future production was estimated to be 200,000 barrels per day (32,000 m/d). The Junín block 10 was discovered in 2009 and developed by PDVSA . The oil field is operated and owned by PDVSA . The total proven reserves of the Junín-10 oil field are around 10.5 billion barrels (1.67 × 10 m), and production is centered on 220,000 barrels per day (35,000 m/d). Carabobo 1

4860-678: The development of the offshore shelf in Abkhazia for 30 years. In September 2010, Eduard Khudainatov replaced Sergei Bogdanchikov as CEO of the company. On 15 October 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed an agreement with President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez for the PDVSA to sell 50% of the shares of German company Ruhr Oel to Rosneft, giving Rosneft oil refining assets in Germany. "Stake in Ruhr Oel GmbH" . Rosneft . Since 23 May 2012, former Deputy Prime Minister Igor Sechin became

4950-450: The difficulty in extracting the extra-heavy hydrocarbons. In 1938, the first well discovering hydrocarbons was drilled with the name "Zuata 1" Source:The data in this section are taken directly from the official PDVSA web page. Venezuela power policy guidelines until the year 2030 are drawn up in the " Oil Sowing Plan " ( "Plan Siembra Petrolera" ), which includes six development projects and consists of two stages: one to be executed in

5040-454: The districts of Independencia, Lander and Acevedo in the state of Miranda and the district of Monagas in the state of Guarico. Main source of water supply and treatment for the Orituco, especially for the valleys, and which is revealed in the area where the population of Guanape once existed. The dam is built with cement, stone, and sand; its gates are constantly monitored by a control point, which

5130-647: The east of the state include Cerro de las Minas, the Serranía de Guatopo strip on the sides of the Orituco River Valleys. The state of Guarico is crossed by several rivers, streams and morichals that remain even during the dry months. The rivers of the Unare Basin from Valle de la Pascua head towards the Caribbean Sea and include the main rivers: Unare, Quebrada Honda, Morichito, Ipire and Agua Amarilla. The rest of

5220-486: The former German chancellor Gerhard Schröder as chairman of Rosneft. In May 2018, it was announced that the Qatar-Glencore consortium is cancelling the plan to sell a $ 9.1 billion (14%) stake of Rosneft to CEFC China Energy . With the dissolution of the consortium, the Qatar Investment Authority purchased the shares instead, thereby solidifying its position as one of the biggest shareholders (19%) of Rosneft. In

5310-681: The former assets of Yukos provided 72.6% of oil and gas condensate production and 74.2% of Rosneft's primary refining. In June, Rosneft paid $ 731 million for the transportation assets of Yukos, which had declared bankrupt in August 2006 after three years of litigation over tax arrears. In August, Bogdanchikov said that although the Yukos acquisitions had increased Rosnefts debt to $ US 26 billion, he planned to reduce debt to 30% of total assets by 2010 by tripling refining capacity and expand into China. In July 2006, Rosneft placed 15% of its shares traded with

5400-405: The former oil company Yukos at state-run auctions. After acquiring OJSC TNK-BP in 2013, then one of the largest oil companies in Russia, Rosneft became the world's largest publicly traded petroleum company. Rosneft is the third-largest Russian company and the second-largest state-controlled company (after Gazprom ) in Russia in terms of revenue ( ₽ 4,134 billion). Internationally, it

5490-549: The functions of the government who are freely appointed and removed. The governor is accountable for his actions to the Guarico State Legislative Council The current governor is José Manuel Vásquez Aranguren of the ruling PSUV party. There have been nine people in the Llanera entity who have held the post of governor. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which

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5580-408: The largest in the history of Russia and the fifth in the world in terms of the amount of money raised at the time. The announced amount could increase by another US$ 400 million if the global placement coordinators realize the option of buying another 53 million GDRs of Rosneft at the price of placement within 30 days. On 26 May 2009, a five-year cooperation agreement was negotiated between Rosneft and

5670-487: The main and most important carnivals in Venezuela, capable of attracting exorbitant numbers of tourists compared to other festivities of the same nature. Characterized by the majesty with which large, illuminated and colorful floats and groups are made, besides that on the same date the "Agro-industrial Fairs of the Unare River Basin" are held in the city, placing Zaraza as one of the most important tourist destinations in

5760-412: The monument is determined by the road that connects Altagracia de Orituco with San Francisco de Macaira. Its main attraction is the limestone formation of great paleontological and environmental value. It is made up of three massifs, which house numerous caves crossed by river torrents. The vegetation is mainly composed of semi-deciduous forests and semi-deciduous shrubs in the mountainous forest region of

5850-472: The mountainous region of the Interior Range, between Santa Teresa del Tuy and Altagracia de Orituco. It has an extension of 92,640 ha. The vegetation is tropical rainforest and semi-wet formations. The fauna is wild and very rich in mammals. It has three important recreational facilities: Agua Blanca, Santa Crucecita and Quebrada de Guatopo. Excursions and long walks can be made in them. It is located between

5940-666: The name Rosneft dates back to the late 19th century , when exploration of oil fields in Sakhalin began in 1889. Most of Rosneft's current assets were acquired during the Soviet era. Rosneft was established in 1993 as a unitary enterprise with assets previously held by Rosneftegaz, the successor to the Soviet Union 's Ministry of Oil Industry . During the early 1990s, almost all Russian oil companies and refineries were extracted from Rosneft to form ten integrated companies. Later their number

6030-525: The period 2005–2012, and another, to be developed in the second stage, 2012 and 2030. For the first period of this Plan, an overall investment of around US$ 56 billion has been estimated between 2005 and 2012. 70% of that amount will be financed by Venezuela — state operator — and the rest by the private sector. Oil Sowing Plan 2005–2012 includes six fundamental axes: Production blocks will be developed by PDVSA in cooperation with foreign partners. In all partnership PDVSA owns 60%. Junín block 1

6120-424: The political situation in which only a few elites held all the power. The protests continued until May 1847. The creation with the name of Guárico Province dates from 1848 when the province of Caracas was divided into three. In 1856 Guárico became part of the 21 provinces of Venezuela until 1864 when it was declared an independent state, and an integral part of the United States of Venezuela. On February 17, 1860,

6210-643: The project. The venture will be shared 50–50 between the companies during prospecting phase, and two-thirds to one-third in Rosneft's favour during the extraction phase. The Tuapse Trough is estimated to contain 7.2 billion barrels of oil equivalent . The first well could be drilled in 2012. The deal also contains options for additional cooperation, such as extended exploration and production, deliveries to Rosneft's oil refinery in Tuapse , development of transport infrastructure and research on offshore oil production technologies. According to analysts, offshore areas are central to Rosneft's expansionist plans, and

6300-399: The south-central part of Guárico State there are 8 oil blocks and reserves estimated at 489 billion barrels. In the Junín Field located in the Southeast of Guárico State and the Southwest of Anzoátegui State there are 10 blocks with reserves estimated at 557,000 million barrels. These are sulphurous, alkaline, borate waters, with a blue colour and an average temperature of 33.5 °C. It is

6390-503: The southern Orinoco extra-heavy crude belt in Venezuela. The signed memorandum established Rosneft's share will be 40 percent. Rosneft will pay CVP a bonus of $ 1.1 billion, paid out in two installments: $ 440 million within ten days after the establishment of the joint venture, and the rest after Rosneft makes the final decision on the project. In addition, Rosneft will issue a $ 1.5 billion loan to CVP for five years. The loan will be provided in tranches of not more than $ 300 million annually at

6480-433: The state and its municipalities. It is important to mention that because the last census was conducted in 2011, the population in the cities has changed significantly over the past few years. It is currently estimated that the capital, San Juan de los Morros is the most populated city in the state of Guarico, with 160,248 inhabitants. According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: Agriculture

6570-479: The state and the country. Rosneft (2021 ) PJSC Rosneft Oil Company (Russian: Роснефть , romanized : Rosneft' , IPA: [ˌrosˈnʲeftʲ] stylized as ROSNEFT ) is a Russian integrated energy company headquartered in Moscow . Rosneft specializes in the exploration, extraction , production, refining, transport , and sale of petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products. The company

6660-581: The state has rivers that are tributaries of the Orinoco River, including the Apure River in its lower basin, Chirgua, Espino, Guárico, Macaira, Manapire, Memo, Tamanaco, Tiznados, Tucupido, Orituco and Zuata. It is an autonomous and equal state in political terms, organizing its administration and public powers through a Constitution of the Guárico State, dictated by the Legislative Council. The Governor of

6750-473: The timber activity, the production of wood in rola is located in the seventh place of the national total. We can find: Aceituno, araguaney, ceiba, cherry, drago, jobo, puy, saqui-saqui, among others. Silica sands, barite, gravel, vanadium, gypsum, zinc and gravel. The state of Guárico also has vast oil reserves concentrated mainly in the south in the so-called Orinoco Oil Belt. In the Boyacá Field located in

6840-614: The time of Spanish rule, Guarico was part of the Province of Caracas, which belonged to the Captaincy General of Venezuela. During the war of independence, several battles took place in the region of Guárico. The military chief José Tomás Boves defeated Vicente Campo Elías in La Puerta, near San Juan de los Morros, on February 3, 1814. A few months later, in June, the Spanish troops again under

6930-447: The total IPO volume accounted for four investors, including BP for US$ 1 billion, Petronas for US$ 1.5 billion, and the CNPC for $ 0.5 billion. Individuals submitted applications for the purchase of 99,431,775 shares of the oil company, and as a result, most of the new shareholders were individuals; partly because of this IPO was given the unofficial name of "people's." Rosneft's IPO became

7020-447: The town of Chaguaramas in a place where there were settlements of cumanagotos. Fray Anselmo Isidro de Ardales established the town of Tucupido in 1760 with groups of cumanagotes and palenques. San Juan de los Morros would be founded much later, around 1780. Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland passed through the region in March 1800 on their way to the Orinoco and its tributaries. During

7110-498: The upper end of the price band, resulting in Rosneft's capitalization —taking into account the upcoming consolidation of its subsidiaries—at a value of US$ 79.8 billion, making Rosneft surpass Lukoil as the largest oil company in Russia. Investors bought 1.38 billion shares for US$ 10.4 billion: 21% of the shares were bought by strategic investors, 36% from international investors from North America, Europe, and Asia, 39% from Russian investors, and 4% from Russian retail investors. 49.4% of

7200-412: The world according to the weekly Barron's , in 99th place. By the same year, Rosneft produced 100 million barrels of oil, 20% of Russia's output at the time. In March 2007, Rosneft had announced it hoped to increase production from 80 million tonnes to 103 million tonnes from 2006 to the end of 2007, extract 140 million tonnes of oil by 2012, and become a global top three energy company. When

7290-443: Was able to defeat the troops of General Simón Bolívar in the third battle of La Puerta. After independence, Guárico became the scene of numerous battles in the civil wars that plagued the country in the 19th century. Venezuela entered into a deep crisis from 1842 onwards. In 1846 an uprising took place that was particularly felt in Guárico. Peasants and other poor people complained about social injustice and numerous groups criticized

7380-417: Was created on March 7, 1974. It covers an area of 596,000 ha, making it the second largest national park in Venezuela. Its area is covered by savannahs and forests, rivers, lagoons and a rich flora of great color and beauty and a varied fauna. It is located in the south of Guárico State, between the municipalities of Sebastián Francisco de Miranda and Las Mercedes. It was created on March 31, 1958. It comprises

7470-447: Was diluted in recent times by glacial meltwater and presentday meteoric water. The hypothetical presence of flood by a meteoric paleo-water also offers new hints to explain the low API gravity (<10°API biodegraded, extra heavy oil) and composition of the local crude. Gu%C3%A1rico Guárico State ( Spanish : Estado Guárico , IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈɣwaɾiko] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . The state capital

7560-474: Was discovered in 2009 and developed by PDVSA . The oil field is operated and owned by PDVSA . The total proven reserves of the Junín-1 oil field are around 2 billion barrels (320,000,000 m), and production is centered on 200,000 barrels per day (32,000 m/d). Junin block 2 is under development in cooperation with Petrovietnam . SNC-Lavalin was awarded the engineering contract on March 10, 2010. It

7650-455: Was given the job of managing Sakhalin-I with an 11.5% interest in the project. In January 2024, Ukrainian retaliatory drone strikes hit at least four oil and gas terminals across Russia, including Rosneft's Tuapse oil terminal on the Black Sea coast. On 13 March 2024, Ukrainian drones set fire to Rosneft's oil refinery in Ryazan , the seventh largest in Russia, causing injuries according to

7740-735: Was granted participation in U.S. fields in Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. On 27 January 2011, Rosneft and the American company ExxonMobil signed a deal to establish a joint venture for the purpose of prospecting and extracting oil from the Tuapse field deepwater area on the Black Sea shelf , near the coast of the Krasnodar Krai . The value of the deal is unknown, but ExxonMobil is expected to invest $ 1 billion in

7830-527: Was halved as a result of acquisitions. On 29 September 1995, an Order of the Government of Russia No. 971 transformed Rosneft into an open joint stock company . In March 1996, Rosneft founded the Russian Regional Development Bank . Rosneft struggled financially and operationally during the 1998 Russian financial crisis with decreased production due to poor assets and lower retail sales with an underused refining capacity. In July 1998

7920-658: Was held on a buyout of minority shareholders in TNK-BP Holding. The deal was completed on 20 March 2013. On 27 February 2022, BP announced that it would divest its 19.75% stake in Rosneft in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine that took place in February 2022. In 2022, Trafigura wound down its relationship with Rosneft, Rosneft asked 2Rivers to take Trafigura's place. The week beginning 19 April 2022, Rosneft attempted to sell millions of barrels of Urals, one of three main export-grade crude oils sold by Russia. The offer failed to attract any customers. Following

8010-467: Was ratified by presidential decree. From this date on, it remained an independent state even though it suffered changes in its territory. Its boundaries with the state of Aragua were established by a protocol signed in 1933. General Juan Vicente Gómez defeated near San Juan de los Morros the troops of General Luciano Mendoza, who was fighting on the side of the so-called Liberating Revolution against Cipriano Castro. Foreign companies began to exploit oil in

8100-405: Was renamed Miranda. On March 11, 1892, the caudillo Joaquín Crespo rose up against the president of that time, Raimundo Andueza Palacio, who had wanted to change the constitution at the beginning of 1892 in order to supposedly govern for two more years. Joaquín Crespo marched from his hacienda in Guárico to Caracas, where he took power. In 1898, Guárico acquired its autonomy again and in 1899 it

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