Misplaced Pages

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74-596: The first seal for Oregon was during the Provisional Government that ran from 1843 to 1849. That government used the Salmon Seal, a round seal featuring three sheaves of grain and a single salmon. The salmon was at the bottom, with Oregon along the top. The salmon was designed to symbolize the fishing industry and the grain to represent agriculture. Designed to be neutral concerning the Oregon Question and whether

148-447: A "utopian scheme", and provided scant funds. A tax on real estate and personal property was created in 1844, that covered a third of that year's expenses. The next year the property tax was doubled to .0025% and a 50¢ poll tax was levied as well, with failure to pay resulting in disenfranchisement . Sheriffs acted as tax collectors, but their position was made difficult due to the poverty or unwillingness of many colonists to pay what

222-496: A citizen" had to be a part of the military; failure to do so would incur fines. (This remains so under modern Oregon law , though now both sexes are included, and the age range is only 18 to 45.) Under the first Organic Laws, power to call out the militia was vested in the Executive Committee, though any officer of the militia could also call them out in times of insurrection or invasion. In December 1847, after learning of

296-542: A demand for Oregonian wheat; proceeds from the sale of barrels of flour amounted to $ 10 per keg in 1847. The start of the Gold Rush caused an immense rise in demand for various products in Californian markets. Economic transactions with the pioneer settlements of Oregon increased greatly, with the number of visiting vessels in 1849 was triple that of the previous eight years. Between 1848 and 1851 Oregon lumber and wheat sent to

370-587: A governor replaced the committee. The judicial branch had a single Supreme Judge along with several lower courts, and a legislative committee of nine served as a legislature until 1845 when the Oregon House of Representatives was established. A series of frontiersmen assemblies were held over several years across the Willamette Valley , with many on the French Prairie at Champoeg . On February 9, 1841,

444-570: A line extending from its course, and south of the Yamhill River . Champooick District was adjacent to the east, its northern border the confluence of the Pudding and Molalla Rivers. Twality District was directly north of Yamhill District, its eastern border extending from the mouth of the Willamette River. Clackamas District was to contain "all the territory" that was not decreed a part of

518-535: A pioneer government floundered until travel over the Oregon Trail led to an increase in the American settler population. Initiated by William Gray , the "Wolf Meetings" of early 1843 created a bounty system on predators of settler livestock. Further discussions began among the settlers until a gathering was held at Champoeg on May 2, with under 150 Americans and French-Canadians participating. The proposal for forming

592-517: A prized item by settlers for example, during a sale of lots in Oregon City a property manager offered a discount of 50% if paid in specie. A traveler who visited Oregon before the arrival of American merchants reported that HBC stores sold goods at rates lower than in the United States. As merchants from the United States became established in the region, they chaffed under the economic hegemony of

666-736: A provisional government was tabled and voted on twice. The first vote rejected the presented report due to the inclusion of a governor, with a second vote on each individual item proposed. On July 5, 1843, the Organic Laws of Oregon , modeled after Iowa's Organic Law and the Ordinance of 1787 , were adopted by colonists of the Willamette Valley, establishing the Provisional Government of Oregon. The government was, according to pioneers Overton Johnson and William H. Winter , intended from

740-540: A religious character" per claim, or 3,840 acres (15.5 km ). Intertwined with this legislation was an ongoing dispute between Methodist missionary Alvin Waller and Chief Factor John McLoughlin of the British Columbia District over rights to Willamette Falls . The fourth article was controversial with American immigrants who arrived in 1843 and 1844, upset at how much land missionaries could occupy, and

814-515: A replacement if needed. This Supreme Court had original and appellate jurisdiction over legal matters, whereas the lower probate court and justice courts that were also created could only hear original jurisdictional matters when the amount in controversy was less than $ 50 and did not involve land disputes. Some judges under the Provisional Government were Nathaniel Ford , Peter H. Burnett , Osborne Russell , Ira L. Babcock , and future United States Senator James W. Nesmith . During its existence

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888-584: A three-person committee to a single governor; this change took effect in 1845. When appealing for military aid from the American Government in the aftermath of the Whitman massacre , the settlers detailed the structural weaknesses of the Provisional Government: The very nature of our compact formed between the citizens of a republic and the subjects and official representatives of a monarchy,

962-442: Is such that the ties of political union could not be drawn so closely as to produce that stability and strength sufficient to form an efficient government. This union between democrats of a republic and wealthy aristocratic subjects of a monarchy could not be formed without reserving to themselves the right of allegiance to their respective governments. Political jealousy and strong party feeling have tended to thwart and render impotent

1036-634: The Champoeg Meetings and created the structure of a government in the Oregon Country . At the last Champoeg Meeting in May 1843, the majority voted to create what became the Provisional Government of Oregon . Laws were drafted by the committee and accepted by a popular vote in July. These laws were reformed by a second version in 1845. The Organic Laws were based on the laws of Iowa Territory and compartmentalized

1110-544: The Cockstock Incident in 1844, the legislature decreed that African Americans could not reside in the Oregon Country, only David Hill and Asa Lovejoy voting against the bill. The punishment for any freemen was to be administered every six months of their residency being "not less than twenty nor more than thirty-nine stripes". The law was never actually enforced and was struck down in July 1845. However, in 1849

1184-487: The Ordinance of 1787 , creating the de facto first Oregon constitution. Scholars and historians have appraised the First Organic Laws as being "very crude and unsatisfactory", not allowing for an effective government body to function. Over the course of nearly six years under the provisional government, the settlers passed numerous laws. One law allowed people to claim 640 acres (2.6 km ) if they improved

1258-519: The Oregon Constitutional Convention was held in the capital of Salem where the delegates drafted a constitution to prepare for statehood and adopted a new seal to be used once statehood was achieved. The convention appointed Benjamin F. Burch, LaFayette Grover , and James K. Kelly to design a new seal. A proposal for a seal from Harvey Gordon was used with the addition of an elk added by the committee. Usage began after Oregon became

1332-595: The Whitman Massacre from HBC Chief Factor James Douglas , Governor Abernethy and the legislature met to discuss the situation. Major Henry A. G. Lee was placed in charge of a company called the Oregon Rifles on December 8 and was ordered to The Dalles . At that location the force established Fort Lee on December 21. An additional force of 500 men was to meet in Oregon City by December 25. This group prosecuted

1406-594: The Willamette Valley . The first meetings were held in part as a response to the death of Ewing Young who had died without a will . In February 1841 a probate judge was appointed along with a few other positions, but no further movement towards a government occurred. On February 2, 1843, a new series of meetings began with a gathering at the Oregon Institute in what is now Salem to discuss problems with predatory animals attacking livestock. An assembly with Americans and French-Canadian men, numbering less than 150,

1480-713: The dispute between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United States, by dividing the Oregon Country at the 49th parallel. This extended U.S. sovereignty over the region, but effective control would not occur until government officials arrived from the United States. Two years later, on August 14, 1848, the United States Congress created the Oregon Territory ; this territory included today's states of Oregon , Washington , and Idaho , and parts of Montana and Wyoming . Appointed Governor of

1554-490: The 33rd state on February 14, 1859, and the number of stars was increased to 33 from the original 32 by the Oregon Legislative Assembly ( Minnesota became a state in 1858). Whereas the existence of an Oregon state seal is written into Oregon's state constitution , the design of the seal itself is dictated by Oregon Revised Statute (ORS) chapter 186. The statutes list two laws pertaining to design and usage of

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1628-586: The Columbia River, then under the influence of the Hudson's Bay Company through Fort Vancouver . In June 1844 the Columbia River was declared as the northern border of the Provisional Government, but by December the most expansive American claim in the Oregon boundary dispute of Parallel 54°40′ north was adopted. On December 22, 1845 districts were renamed to counties. Additional districts were created over time from

1702-505: The HBC. The vendors pressed for the HBC to charge more for sales to pioneers, which the company did for two years, only for American customers. Joel Palmer reported that without the British company "the prices would be double what they are now". The small American merchant class and officers of the HBC loaned settlers more credit than most could refund. Fears of creditors demanding restitution from

1776-652: The Oregon Territory by President Polk , Joseph Lane arrived at Oregon City on March 2, 1849. Governor Lane kept the legal code of the dissolved provisional government, apart from immediately repealing the law authorizing the minting of the Beaver Coins , as this was incompatible with the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8). The creation of the Washington Territory in 1854 removed

1850-402: The Provisional Government a satisfactory way to pursue the debts owed to the HBC by settlers, and protect company property against claim jumpers. Additionally he felt if the government were to openly declare independence from outside powers he could "be elected head were I to retire among them". The negotiations ended with the condition that only sales with settlers would be taxed. Taxes paid to

1924-482: The Provisional Government by the HBC and the Puget Sound Agricultural Company amounted to $ 226 that year. Several more employees of the HBC were then included in the government. Chief Trader James Douglas was appointed as a justice for Vancouver after the signing of the agreement and in 1846 he and fellow employee Henry Newsham Peers were elected to the legislature. If there were any sessions of

1998-523: The Provisional Government's authority was restricted to the pioneer settlements, generally located in or around the Willamette Valley. The entire Oregon Country was decreed to be covered by four administrative divisions. Initially created on July 5, 1843, were the Twality, Yamhill, Clackamas and Champooick (later Champoeg) districts. Yamhill district claimed the lands west of the Willamette River and

2072-463: The Provisional Government. At the same time a member of the legislature, David Hill , tabled a bill on August 15 that would deny any HBC employees citizenship or suffrage. The measure failed to pass, but demonstrated the feelings of the "Ultra-Americans" towards the company. While Applegate and McLoughlin held a conference, plans for the administration of the territory above the Columbia River, to be named Vancouver, were begun. The Chief Factor found

2146-505: The Provisional Government. Articles 1 through 4 covered the elections of officers, with suffrage restricted to "every free male descendant of a white man", therefore allowing participation by interested French-Canadians or their Métis children. Articles 5 through 7 created the three bodies of government, the three member Executive Committee , the Legislative Committee and a Judiciary . Articles 8 through 11 establish and define

2220-436: The U.S. or Britain would ultimately control the region, the seal was used until the Oregon Territory was created and the territorial government arrived in 1849. With the arrival of Governor Joseph Lane in 1849 the territorial government took control of the region. That year the government adopted a new seal featuring a motto and a variety of motifs. In the center was a sailing vessel used to represent commerce, and above that

2294-542: The Vancouver court, none of the records or correspondence remain. Claims were filed by British subjects covering the HBC forts of Vancouver , Cowlitz , and Nisqually . Vancouver in particular was covered by 18 claims. British reaction to the agreement was generally negative. It was seen as unneeded by William Peel , son of Prime Minister Peel , who arrived with small flotilla several days after its signing. Mervin Vavasour

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2368-549: The acts of a government, from its very nature weak and insufficient. With the first set of laws, the people created a three-person Executive Committee to act as an executive. The Second Executive Committee was elected on May 14, 1844, and served until June 12, 1845. A December 1844 amendment of the Organic Laws eliminated the Executive Committee in favor of a single governor , taking effect in June 1845. At that time George Abernethy

2442-410: The authority to change the laws by vote, without a need to submit changes to a popular vote of the people. Upon the assumption of territorial power by Governor Joseph Lane in 1849, he approved the Organic Laws as the basis of law in the Oregon Territory . These laws would play a part in the determination of where the capital would be located. The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 created

2516-455: The creditors of the territory were able to protect their financial standing by removing wheat as tender. Around $ 8,000 from the poll and property taxes were collected over the course of the government, far short of the expenses amounting to $ 23,000. After the Conquest of California during the ongoing Mexican–American War , American settlers began to move to the newly seized land. This created

2590-457: The death of prominent settler Ewing Young – who left no will nor had any heir in Oregon Country – left the future of his property uncertain. On February 17, Jason Lee chaired the first meeting organised to discuss the matter. He proposed the creation of an authority over the pioneers centered on a governor. French-Canadian settlers blocked the measure and instead a probate judge and a few other positions were appointed. Further attempts at

2664-469: The establishment of the Oregon Territory , the legislature was replaced with the two house Oregon Territorial Legislature . The Provisional Government also included a judiciary. The forerunner of the Oregon Supreme Court consisted of a single Supreme Judge and two justices of the peace . The Supreme Judge was elected by the people, but the legislature could select someone as presiding judge as

2738-503: The farmers lead to wheat receipts and scrips issued by the government declared valid currency in 1845. The law decreeing wheat as currency was ridiculed for not establishing financial standards for the merchants, who were de facto bankers. Between 1847 and 1848 the local market for wheat became flooded from overproduction, causing a decline in its value. The legislature repealed previous regulations on December 20, 1847, making only gold, silver and treasury drafts on valid currency. Thus,

2812-430: The formation, but 55 voted the legislation. According to Newell, the five tie breakers were all French-Canadians, while Gray's account labels the two tie breakers as Americans. Regardless of exact figures of those supporting the presented laws, these votes are held to have created the Provisional Government of Oregon. With the formation of the Provisional Government, a committee of nine individuals were elected to frame

2886-495: The government in 1844, the rising settler population was beginning to flourish among the "savages", who were "the chief obstruction to the entrance of civilization" in a land of "ignorance and idolatry". The government had three branches that included a legislature , judiciary, and executive branch. The executive branch was first the Executive Committee , consisting of three members, in effect from 1843 to 1845; in 1845,

2960-523: The government into three branches consisting of an executive branch, a legislative branch , and a judiciary. Once the Oregon Territory was formed in 1848, the territorial government took control of the laws and invalidated only one provision of the Organic Laws. On February 14, 1859, Oregon became a state and the Oregon Constitution became the legal framework for the state. In 1841 a series of meetings were held at Champoeg on French Prairie in

3034-461: The government, though it could "scarcely hope" to force the HBC company posts to adhere to its authority, made establishing an agreement with the HBC a priority. An employee of the company, Francis Ermatinger , was elected to the position of Treasurer in July after carrying the French-Canadian vote. In August Applegate inquired to Chief Factor John McLoughlin if the HBC would pay taxes and join

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3108-469: The group was asked why they offered themselves to the militia, Tiloukaikt stated "Did not your missionaries teach us that Christ died to save his people? So die we to save our people." At a military court Tiloukait and the four other Cayuses, Tomahas, Klokamas, Isaiachalkis, and Kimasumpkinhese, were found guilty and hanged on June 3, 1850, at Oregon City. Signed on June 15, 1846, the Oregon Treaty ended

3182-625: The land, which would be solidified later by Congress ' adoption of the Donation Land Claim Act . Another law allowed the government to organize a militia and call them out by order of the Executive or Legislature. Under the first Organic Laws of 1843 inhabitants were guaranteed due process of law and a right to a trial by jury. Some other rights established were: no cruel and unusual punishment, no unreasonable bails for defendants, and no takings of property without compensation. Following

3256-544: The law-making power." Applegate supported minimal modifications of the first Organic Laws, which including most of the laws passed in 1844. The modified laws were held to need the approval of the citizens to enact the changes. On July 26, 1845 a public vote passed the amended Organic Laws of Oregon. One change was that the Legislative Committee was replaced by a House of Representatives; initially with 13 members and permitted to have up to 61 legislators. The House had

3330-460: The laws of the government. This Legislative Committee consisted of David Hill , Robert Shortess , Alanson Beers , William H. Gray , James A. O'Neil , Robert Newell , Thomas J. Hubbard , William Dougherty, and Robert Moore who was elected as the chairman of the committee. Each member was to be paid $ 1.25 per day for their services with the first meeting held May 15, 1843. On July 4 a new gathering began at Champoeg with speeches for and against

3404-455: The laws of the government. Two years later, on July 2, 1845, a new set of Organic Laws was drafted to revise and clarify the previous version; this newer version was adopted by a majority vote of the people on July 26, 1845. This constitution-like document divided the government into three departments: a judiciary branch, an executive branch, and a legislature. The definition of the executive branch had previously been modified, in late 1844, from

3478-499: The legislature passed a new law once again prohibiting African Americans in the territory, but differed from the original 1844 law in that it applied to African Americans entering after it was passed, and it used different means to enforce it. Despite facing legal discrimination that denied them suffrage and threatened violence, black pioneers remained in Oregon. While the USS Shark was in

3552-412: The marriage. The laws also divided the region into four districts, called for a subscription of settlers to pay for the government, and named the region Oregon Territory. Lastly a militia was authorised to consist of one battalion with control of the military under the Executive Committee . The Organic Laws authorised a maximum of 640 acres (2.6 km ) to be claimed by male pioneers. This size

3626-515: The natives were to be commenced by "representatives of the people" instead of the Congress. The fourth and final article was from the sixth article of the Ordinance, banning slavery outside use as a punishment. The portion of the sixth article related to restitution of runaways to slave states was not included in the Organic Laws. Section II had eighteen articles, dealing mainly with the structure of

3700-414: The new markets fetched rates two to three times higher than in 1847. Significant amounts of gold dust began to circulate in the Willamette Valley, though impurities were common. The Oregon Exchange Company was authorized by the legislature to begin producing Beaver Coins in early 1849, though production began on March 10, a week after the dissolution of the Provisional Government. The mounting debts of

3774-563: The northern half of the Oregon Territory. Established on February 14, 1859, the State of Oregon was composed of roughly the western half of the territory, the remaining eastern section being added to the Washington Territory. Organic Laws of Oregon The Organic Laws of Oregon were two sets of legislation passed in the 1840s by a group of primarily American settlers based in the Willamette Valley . These laws were drafted after

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3848-515: The offices of Recorder (later the Secretary of State ) and Treasurer and 12 through 15 outlined what laws of Iowa were adopted. Article 16 regulated the Supreme Court sessions with two sessions held annually. Article 17 detailed the system of marriage, with parental consent required for participants under 21, women having to be at least 14 years old and men 16. It cost $ 1 to marry and 50¢ to record

3922-661: The original four, including the Clatsop , Vancouver , Linn , Clark , Polk , Benton counties. Other government positions included Recorder, Treasurer , Attorney , and Sheriff. The recorder position would later become the position of Secretary of State . With the formation of the Provisional Government, a committee of nine individuals were elected to frame the laws of the government. This Legislative Committee consisted of David Hill , Robert Shortess , Alanson Beers , William H. Gray , James A. O'Neil , Robert Newell , Thomas J. Hubbard , William Dougherty, and Robert Moore who

3996-545: The other three districts, located east of Twality District and north of Champooick District. The extent of land claimed north was vague, being "south of the northern boundary of the United States". Despite this the government was defined to extend over all the lands east to the Rocky Mountains and north of the Mexican territory of Alta California . Throughout 1843 and 1844, no attempts were made at controlling lands north of

4070-451: The plentiful game found in the state. The second quartering shows a sheaf , a plow , and a pickaxe . These symbolize mining and husbandry. The banner is inscribed " The Union ". Thirty-three stars surrounding the shield represent the number of states upon Oregon's entry into the union in 1859. The seal appears on the obverse of the state flag of Oregon . Provisional Government of Oregon The Provisional Government of Oregon

4144-465: The preamble this "temporary government" was intended to exist "until such time as the United States of America extend their jurisdiction over us." The articles of the first Section were from the 14th section of the Northwest Ordinance , with minor modifications. The first three articles were identical to the Ordinance, outside of a change related to relations with Indigenous peoples. Wars against

4218-464: The proposals of the committee. Then on July 5, 1843 the Organic Laws of Oregon are adopted by popular vote after being recommended by the Legislative Committee, with the laws modeled after Iowa’s Organic Law and the Ordinance of 1787 , creating the de facto first Oregon constitution. Scholars and historians have appraised the First Organic Laws as being "very crude and unsatisfactory", not allowing for an effective government body to function. In

4292-553: The region in 1846, its commanding officer estimated there were around 30 black settlers. In 1844, the legislature passed a law banning the sale of ardent spirits , out of concern that the Native Americans would become hostile if intoxicated. Prior to the creation of the Provisional Government, the economic activities by in the Oregon European descendants Country were focused on the fur trade . A system called "wheat credit"

4366-461: The region's geography and many of the Natives were not known by people of European descent until several exploratory tours were authorized at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The Organic Laws of Oregon were adopted in 1843 with its preamble stating that settlers only agreed to the laws "until such time as the United States of America extend their jurisdiction over us". According to a message from

4440-489: The seal. According to ORS 186.020, the seal consists of an outer ring with the text "State of Oregon ", "1859". The inner circle contains an American eagle atop a shield. The shield depicts mountains, an elk , a covered wagon , and the Pacific Ocean . In the ocean, a British man-of-war is departing and an American steamer is arriving, symbolizing the end of British rule in the Oregon Country . The elk represents

4514-507: The start as an interim entity, until "whenever [the United States] extends her jurisdiction over the Territory". (Johnson would go on to serve as Recorder for the provisional government for a few months in 1844.) The Organic Laws were drafted by a legislative committee on May 16, 1843 and June 28, 1843, before being adopted on July 5. Although not a formal constitution, the document outlined

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4588-434: The territory" One pioneer recalled the lack of currency, receiving at most 25¢ in transactions between 1844 and 1848. To overcome the lack of circulating coins, Abernethy gathered scraps of flint left over from arrowhead production by local indigenous. After attaching scraps of paper to them, the amount owed by Abernethy was written on one and given to customers, transferable for other supplies at his store. Coins remained

4662-589: The war east of the Cascades under the command of Cornelius Gilliam . The war continued until five Cayuse emissaries, which according to Archbishop François Norbert Blanchet , were sent to "have a talk with the whites and explain all about the murderers, ten in number, who were no more, and had been killed by the whites, the Cayuses and were all dead." However, the Cayuse party was imprisoned and transported to Oregon City. When

4736-473: Was a beaver to symbolize the fur trade that was prominent in Oregon's early recorded history. On the left of the ship was a Native American and on the right an eagle. Above the beaver on a banner was the Latin motto, Alis Volat Propriis , translated as "She flies with her own wings". Around the perimeter were five stars at the bottom and the words "Seal of the Territory of Oregon" along the top and sides. In 1857,

4810-485: Was a popularly elected settler government created in the Oregon Country , in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Its formation had been advanced at the Champoeg Meetings since February 17, 1841, and it existed from May 2, 1843 until March 3, 1849, and provided a legal system and a common defense amongst the mostly American pioneers settling an area then inhabited by the many Indigenous Nations . Much of

4884-437: Was elected as the chairman of the committee. Each member was to be paid $ 1.25 per day for their services with the first meeting held May 15, 1843. On July 4 a new gathering began at Champoeg with speeches for and against the proposals of the committee. Then on July 5, 1843 the Organic Laws of Oregon are adopted by popular vote after being recommended by the Legislative Committee, with the laws modeled after Iowa's Organic Law and

4958-575: Was elected as the first governor. Abernethy would be the only governor under the Provisional Government. He was reelected in 1847, and served until 1849. The Provisional Legislature held session mainly in Oregon City . They met at different times each year, and in 1848 they did not meet; too many members had left for the California gold fields. The legislature enacted various laws, sent memorials to Congress , incorporated towns and organizations, and granted divorces and licenses to run ferries . After

5032-513: Was established in the 1830s for French-Canadian settlers on the French Prairie. The farmers would take their harvests to a granary in Champoeg, where a receipt for its market value was given, valid for use at HBC stores. Another item used for transactions by French-Canadian and later American pioneers were beaver skins. The first Organic Laws only authorised voluntary donations, a measure deemed

5106-440: Was from legislation created by American Senator Linn in 1842, allowing "any white male" to take as much land in the Oregon Country. Rejected in 1843, it was the basis for the later Donation Land Claim Act . The Provisional Government allowed one land patent per male settler, and required "permanent improvements" within six months of recording the claim. The original fourth article allowed six times as much land for "missions of

5180-463: Was held at Champoeg on 2 May 1843. Measures presented to form a government were tabled, though no record exists of the subsequent voting. The first vote held rejected the presented report due to the inclusion of a governor. A succession of votes were then held for each individual article put forth. William H. Gray states that the tally was 52 in favor of the measures and 50 against them. Another witness, Robert Newell , agrees that 50 men were against

5254-444: Was in the Oregon Country gathering intelligence about the defensive capabilities of the HBC posts and voiced the minority view that the compact was to the benefit of "peace and prosperity of the community at large". The organic laws laid out plans for a militia of a battalion of mounted riflemen commanded by an officer with the rank of major , with annual inspections. Every male settler between 16 and 60 who wanted to be "considered

5328-409: Was owed. Taxes were paid in wheat and gathered at appointed locations for the district, largely HBC warehouses. A small amount of silver coins from Peru and Mexico freely circulated as legal tender. Minor financial agreements were completed in lieu of currency with assorted agricultural products, such as "wheat, hides, tallow, beef, pork, butter, lard, peas, lumber and other articles of export of

5402-454: Was recommended for "a more thorough organization" to be established. They advised the creation of an executive branch with only one governor . The legislature passed a bill that dissolved the Executive Committee, and announced an election for governor to be held on 3 June 1845. Led by Jesse Applegate , the legislature of 1845 was elected in May. The actions of the previous assembly were held to be illegal as "the people had not yet resigned

5476-461: Was subsequently repealed in 1844. The American immigrants who arrived in 1843 and 1844 were unsatisfied with the laws. The second legislative committee, the majority of its members having arrived the previous year, ruled the laws were statutory and thus could be repealed or revoked at the discretion of the assembly. In an address sent from the Executive Committee to the Legislature in June 1844 it

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