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72-549: Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin . Oranienburg consists of nine districts: Originally named Bötzow , the town of Oranienburg dates from the 12th century and was first mentioned in 1216. Margrave Albert the Bear (ruled 1157–1170) allegedly ordered the construction of a castle on the banks of the Havel. Around the castle stood

144-683: A rural region southeast of the city . The city is home to the oldest university in the Baltic region and one of the oldest universities in the world , the University of Rostock , founded in 1419. The university's hospital, Universitätsmedizin Rostock , is one of two university hospitals in the state, along with Universitätsmedizin Greifswald of the University of Greifswald in Western Pomerania . In

216-567: A long time. The citizens razed (or slighted) the fortress the following spring. From 1575 to 1577 the city walls were rebuilt, as was the Lagebusch tower and the Stein Gate, in the Dutch Renaissance style. The inscription sit intra te concordia et publica felicitas ("Let there be harmony and public happiness within you"), can still be read on the gate, and refers directly to the conflict with

288-409: A riot known as Domfehde , a failed uprising of the impoverished population. Subsequent quarrels with the dukes and persistent plundering led ultimately to a loss of the city's economic and political power. In 1565 there were further clashes with Schwerin that had far-reaching consequences. Among other things, the nobility introduced a beer excise that favoured the dukes. John Albert I advanced on

360-469: A second round. The current mayor of Rostock is Eva-Maria Kröger of The Left , who was elected mayor in 2022 and took office on 1 February 2023. She won in the second round with 58.4% of votes against senior police officer Michael Ebert, an independent backed by the Christian Democratic Union , Independent Citizens for Rostock, and Free Democratic Party . The most recent mayoral election

432-455: A settlement of traders and craftsmen. In 1646, Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg married Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau (German: Oranien-Nassau ). She was so attracted by the town of Bötzow that her husband presented the entire region to her. The princess ordered the construction of a new castle in the Dutch style and called it Oranienburg or Schloss Oranienburg . In 1653 the town of Bötzow

504-452: A simplified manner. The 15th-century Kerkhofhaus (at Große Wasserstraße, behind the Town Hall) is considered the best-preserved brick Gothic house in Rostock. St. Mary's Church Marienkirche , on Ziegenmarkt, is an imposing Brick Gothic church. Built in the 13th century, it was enlarged and modified at the end of the 14th century into the present cross-shaped basilica. The huge tower

576-516: A stretch of the river. Both routes rejoin in the linked lakes of Breitling See and Plauer See , which leads up to Plaue. Like the preceding stretch of the river, the stretch from Plaue to the confluence with the Elbe at Havelberg is administered as part of the Lower Havel–Waterway. Unlike the previous stretch, this stretch carries considerably less commercial traffic. Vessels heading to or from

648-634: Is a member of the Association of Baltic Academies of Music (ABAM), a union of 17 music conservatories at the Baltic Sea and Israel. Unique in Europe is the postgraduate degree in piano duo performance. The school possesses a large opera stage (Katharinensaal) and two chamber music halls. There are concerts every day throughout the year. Rostock also hosts the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research and

720-475: Is about 16 km (10 mi) to the north of the historic city centre. The west and the southeast are the most densely populated parts of town. The overseas port is to the east of Rostock. Rostock stretches 21.6 km (13.4 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the south and 19.4 km (12.1 mi) from east to west. Rostock has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ) with strong influence of

792-550: Is an old Franciscan monastery founded in 1243, and extended several times during the 14th and 15th centuries. Now used as the seat of the Academy of Music and Theatre (HMT-Rostock). The Brick Gothic Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas Church), which is the oldest church in Rostock, was built in the mid-13th century. Heavily damaged during World War II and subsequently restored, the building is now used as an exhibition centre and concert hall, due to its outstanding acoustics. Some parts of

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864-407: Is estimated that the search and disposal will continue throughout the rest of the century. In one case 12,000 residents had to be evacuated. The federal government does not finance the removal of foreign UXO. The Zehlendorf transmission facility , a large facility for radio broadcasting in longwave , medium wave and FM -range, was located near Oranienburg, at Zehlendorf . The town is served by

936-487: Is mainly characterised by maritime industries (especially shipbuilding ), high-tech industries ( IT , biotechnology / life sciences , medical engineering ), the University of Rostock , tourism and the service sector. Major companies include: Rostock is home to one of the oldest universities in the world. Founded in 1419, the University of Rostock is the third oldest university in Germany in continuous operation, and one of

1008-560: Is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania . With around 210,000 inhabitants, it is the third-largest city on the German Baltic coast after Kiel and Lübeck , the eighth-largest city in the area of former East Germany , as well as the 39th-largest city of Germany. Rostock was

1080-463: The Baltic Sea , more similar to Denmark and far southern Sweden than to the rest of Germany. The main difference with lower Scandinavia is that the continuous landmass to the south and east enables stronger bursts of heat during summer. In spite of this, the Warnemünde station is generally less warm on the average summer day than on the northern side of the sea. In addition, the maritime influence of

1152-716: The Battle of Berlin , troops of the 1st Belorussian Front of the Red Army captured Oranienburg. Between 1949 and 1990, Oranienburg was part of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Due to its heavy bombing, Oranienburg is the "most dangerous town in Germany"; it is the only town in Germany which pursues a systematic search for unexploded ordnance (UXO) based on postwar aerial photos and magnetic or radar underground measurements for metal. By 2017 about 200 had been disposed of, and 350 to 400 were estimated to remain. It

1224-494: The Battle of Lübeck , in which he led some of the cavalry charges himself. By the time of the surrender, the exhausted Prussians had neither food nor ammunition. In the first half of the 19th century, Rostock regained much of its economic importance, due at first to the wheat trade, then, from the 1850s, to industry, especially its shipyards. The first propeller-driven steamers in Germany were constructed here. The city grew in area and population, with new quarters developing in

1296-527: The Berlin Northern Railway and provide a direct connection to Rostock . Oranienburg is twinned with: Havel The Havel ( German: [ˈhaːfl̩] ) is a river in northeastern Germany , flowing through the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Brandenburg , Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt . The 325 kilometres (202 mi) long Havel is a right tributary of the Elbe . However,

1368-632: The Elbe Lateral Canal . This stretch of the river descends through locks at Bahnitz , Rathenow , Grütz , Garz and Havelberg . At Rathenow there are two channels, each with a lock. North of Plaue, the river is crossed by the Pritzerbe Ferry . Rostock Rostock ( German: [ˈʁɔstɔk] ; Polabian : Roztoc ), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (German: Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock ),

1440-617: The German Reunification , population Rostock decline due to many people who moved to former West Germany. Since 2003, Rostock's population starts to grow again due to students and new companies. Rostock has had three different coats of arms, known as the Signum , the Secretum and the Sigillum . The Signum, which can be traced back to 1367, was developed last and is to this day the coat of arms of

1512-635: The Großes Fenster ( German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁoːsəs ˈfɛnstɐ] ; literally "Great Window") with an unobstructed view upriver, hence the name, followed by the island of Schwanenwerder and the large arm known as the Großer Wannsee . This part of the river can be very busy with leisure craft. The island of Pfaueninsel is also a feature of this stretch of the river. A public ferry crosses these waters between Wannsee and Kladow , carrying passengers and cyclists. The Teltow Canal joins

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1584-908: The Müritz–Elde–Wasserstraße . Other connected waterways are the Lychener Gewässer  [ de ] , the Templiner Gewässer  [ de ] and the Wentow Gewässer . The stretch of the river between the junction with the Oder–Havel Canal near Liebenwalde and the confluence with the Spree at Spandau is administered as part of the Havel–Oder–Wasserstraße , which also includes the Oder-Havel Canal. This stretch of

1656-814: The Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots which occurred from 22 to 24 August 1992. Rostock has a population of about 210,000 people and is the largest city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state. Rostock became a member of Hanseatic League in 15th century, which made Rostock a larger city. Rostock reached its peak of over 100,000 in 1935. In the East Germany era, Rostock was the largest and most important port of East Germany where many sailors and boatmen moved to this city. It also brought many harbour and other industiries to Rostock. Rostock reached its historical peak of population in 1988 with population of about 254,000. After

1728-514: The Stettin-Rostock offensive operation . After the war, Rostock – now in the German Democratic Republic – became East Germany's largest seaport. The state expanded the national shipyards in the district of Warnemünde . The city's population, boosted in part by resettled ethnic German refugees who had been expelled from territories in the east, increased in the GDR years to a peak of 260,000. Following

1800-816: The Templiner See to the Schwielowsee , then northwest to Paretz, whilst the Sacrow–Paretz Canal takes a shorter route due east to Paretz, saving some 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) compared to the 29 kilometres (18 mi) Potsdamer Havel. The Potsdamer Havel is crossed by the Kiewitt Ferry in Potsdam itself, and by the Caputh Ferry at the entrance to the Schweilowsee. At Paretz the two channels join up again, as does

1872-578: The Thirty Years' War (1618–48) and again from 1700 to 1721. Later in the early 19th century, the French , under Napoleon , occupied the town for about a decade until 1813. In nearby Lübeck - Ratekau , Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , who was born in Rostock and who was one of few generals to fight on after defeat at the Battle of Jena , surrendered to the French in 1806. This was only after furious street fighting in

1944-801: The Useriner See to the Großer Labussee . The stretch of the river between this lock and the junction with the Oder–Havel Canal is administered as part of the Obere–Havel–Wasserstraße , along with various connecting canals and waterways. From Zwenzow downstream to Liebenwalde is a distance of 92 kilometres (57 mi). In this distance the navigation passes through the lakes of Großer Labussee, Woblitzsee , Wangnitzsee , Großer Priepertsee , Ellbogensee , Ziernsee , Röblinsee , Baalensee , Schwedtsee and Stolpsee . It also descends through

2016-700: The first partition of Mecklenburg following the death of Henry Borwin II of Mecklenburg in 1226, Rostock became the seat of the Lordship of Rostock , which survived for almost a century. In 1251, the city became a member of the Hanseatic League . In the 14th century it was a powerful seaport town with 12,000 inhabitants and the largest city in Mecklenburg . Ships for cruising the Baltic Sea were constructed in Rostock. The formerly independent fishing village of Warnemünde at

2088-570: The oldest universities of the world . It also maintains a botanical garden , the Botanischer Garten Universität Rostock . The Academy of Music and Theatre ( Hochschule für Musik und Theater ) offers graduate degrees in artistic fields. Founded in 1994, the institution combined Ernst Busch , the former drama school, and the outpost school of the Hanns Eisler Music School Berlin . Today, the combined school

2160-539: The reunification of Germany in 1990, Rostock lost its privileged position as the No. 1 port of the GDR, and the city's population declined to about 200,000. However, after 2006, the population increased again. Today, Rostock and Warnemünde are significant tourist destinations on the Baltic Sea. Since the late 20th century migrants have come to Germany from Turkey and Africa seeking work. In response to high rates of joblessness and increased levels of crime , some Germans took part in

2232-502: The 11th century Polabian Slavs founded a settlement at the Warnow river called Roztoc (* ras-tokŭ , Slavic for "fork of a river"); the name Rostock is derived from that designation. The Danish king Valdemar I set the town on fire in 1161. Afterwards the place was settled by German traders. Initially there were three separate cities: In 1218, Rostock was granted Lübeck law city rights by Heinrich Borwin , prince of Mecklenburg. During

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2304-524: The 1920s. In elections in the summer of 1932, when the Nazis achieved 37.3 percent, their greatest national showing in a free election, they polled 40.3 percent in Rostock. A year later, after the Nazi seizure of power and the suppression of other political parties, the Rostock city council ( Stadtrat ) was composed entirely of Nazis. During Kristallnacht on 10 November 1938, the synagogue in Rostock's Augustenstrasse

2376-456: The Baltic Sea became a part of Rostock in 1323, to secure the city's access to the sea. In 1419, the University of Rostock was founded, the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area. At the end of the 15th century, the dukes of Mecklenburg succeeded in enforcing their rule over the town of Rostock, which had until then been only nominally subject to their rule and essentially independent. They took advantage of

2448-464: The Baltic Sea tempers any Arctic blasts, ensuring slightly milder winters. The Warnemünde station is located on the open sea and thus has a stronger maritime influence and slightly smaller variations than the downtown that is further inland. The Rostock weather station has recorded the following extreme values: One of the most picturesque places in Rostock is the Neuer Markt (New Market Square), with

2520-466: The Berlin boroughs of Spandau and Reinickendorf respectively. The last 10 kilometres (6 mi) of this stretch of the river, from Hennigsdorf, passes through a series of interconnected lakes, including the large Tegeler See . The river enters Berlin 6 kilometres (4 mi) before Spandau, having formed the boundary for the previous 4 kilometres (2.5 mi). During the partition of Germany , this formed

2592-593: The British Royal Air Force . Targets included the Heinkel and Arado plants and the shipyard, but churches and other historic structures in the city centre were also heavily damaged, among them the 14th-century Nikolaikirche (St Nicholas Church) and Jakobikirche (St Jacob's Church). The ruins of the latter were pulled down in 1960. The city was eventually captured by the Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front on 2 May 1945 during

2664-530: The Duke. In 1584 the Second Rostock Inheritance Agreement was enforced, which resulted in a further loss of former city tax privileges. At the same time, these inheritance contracts put paid to Rostock's ambition of achieving imperial immediacy , as Lübeck had done in 1226. The strategic location of Rostock provoked the envy of its rivals. Danes and Swedes occupied the city twice, first during

2736-536: The Elbe near Havelberg are in the State of Saxony-Anhalt. Due to its minimal gradient it is susceptible to high waters in the Elbe. Unless in extreme floods, if the dike of the Elbe is submerged, the discharge of the Havel is improved by the Gnevsdorfer Vorfluter (something like "Gnevsdorfer outfall"). By this canal, the mouth of the Havel, that naturally would be near Havelberg, is placed 11 km downstream. As

2808-559: The German commercial waterway network, carrying traffic from the Rhine and the North Sea to Berlin and Poland . From a navigation perspective, the Havel can be split into four sections with somewhat different characteristics and different administrative arrangements. The Havel is navigable to canoes and similar small craft from close to its source. Motor craft are prohibited above the first lock at Zwenzow  [ de ] , which links

2880-580: The Havel Canal from further upstream. Just downstream of Paretz, the river is crossed by the Ketzin Cable Ferry . At Brandenburg an der Havel, the navigation again splits into two routes. Commercial shipping descends through a lock into the Silo Canal that passes to the north of the city centre. Leisure craft pass through the centre of the city, using the short Brandenburg City Canal , a smaller lock, then

2952-506: The Havel downstream, and was built in the 1950s to allow East German vessels to avoid the stretch of the river under the political control of West Berlin . Some 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) further downstream, the Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal joins the river on the east bank, providing a connection to central Berlin without passing through the lock at Spandau. A car ferry crosses the river between Hakenfelde and Konradshöhe , in

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3024-532: The Rhin either east- or westwards, rejoining the Havel in two places 67 kilometres (42 mi) apart along a straight line, and more than 160 kilometres (99 mi) apart along the course of the river. The region around and north of the middle Havel is called the Havelland . It consists of sandy heights, sometimes called Ländchen , and low marshes, called luchs . A few kilometres of the river before its confluence with

3096-696: The Rhine and the west of Germany take the Elbe–Havel Canal at Plaue. Whilst the lower reaches of the Havel provide the most direct route to Hamburg and the North Sea ports, variable water levels in the Elbe affect those in the lower Havel; together these can restrict navigation. A less direct, but more reliable route is available via the Elbe–Havel Canal, the Magdeburg Water Bridge , the Mittelland Canal and

3168-442: The Town Hall – that was originally built in the 13th century in Brick Gothic style, but extensively transformed in the 18th century, with the addition of a Baroque façade and a banqueting hall. The square also preserved six original, carefully restored gable houses from the 15th and 16th centuries. The other historical houses in Hanseatic style that once bordered the square were destroyed in an Allied air-raid in 1942, and rebuilt in

3240-425: The border between East Germany and West Berlin, and border control points were established for vessels navigating the river. The stretch of the river between the confluence with the Spree at Spandau and the junction with the Elbe–Havel Canal at Plaue is administered as part of the Lower Havel–Waterway , which also includes the stretch of river downstream to the confluence with the Elbe. Between Spandau and Plaue,

3312-479: The camp by the Soviet Red Army in 1945. Thereafter the site reopened in August 1945 as "Soviet Special Camp 7" . A further 12,000 people (mostly Nazis not awaiting trial) died under the Soviets before the Special Camp closed in 1950. Their remains were not discovered until the 1990s. Oranienburg became the center of Nazi Germany's nuclear-energy project because it was the location of the Auergesellschaft Oranienburg Plant , Germany's uranium production facility;

3384-419: The city council was the city mayor. In the 19th century there were three mayors. Since 1925, the head of the city has borne the title of Mayor . Having been elected by the city council for centuries, since 2002 this position is now elected directly by the citizens of Rostock, following a reform. If a candidate does not achieve an absolute majority in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes stand in

3456-418: The city with 500 horsemen, after Rostock had refused to take the formal oath of allegiance, and had the city wall razed (slighted) to have a fortress built. The conflict did not end until the first Rostock Inheritance Agreement of 21 September 1573, in which the state princes were guaranteed hereditary rule over the city for centuries and recognizing them as the supreme judicial authority; this bound Rostock for

3528-450: The city. The Signum depicts a golden griffin on a blue background, with bars of silver and red, the colours of the Hanseatic League , below. It can be seen not only on flags and houses, and at bus stops, but also on bridges, gullies, fences, ships and restaurants. Since the 13th century, the governing body of the city has been the city council ( Rat ), first consisting of ten, later of 24 elected aldermen ( Ratsherren ). The chairman of

3600-417: The city. Most of Rostock's inhabitants live on the western side of the Warnow; the area east of the river is dominated by the port, industrial estates, and the forested Rostock Heath . The city's coastline east and west of the river mouth is relatively undeveloped, with long sandy beaches prevailing. The name of the city is of Slavic origin. Rostock is the economic center of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and

3672-459: The course of the Elbe has a higher gradient than the Havel, the water level of the Havel in Havelberg can be kept 1.4 metres below the Elbe (at the junction of the traverse communicating canal, protected by a lock ). Towns along the river include: Fürstenberg , Zehdenick , Oranienburg , Berlin , Potsdam , Werder , Ketzin , Brandenburg , Premnitz , Rathenow and Havelberg. In earlier Greek or Latin sources, such as Tacitus 's Germania ,

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3744-414: The direct distance from its source to its mouth is only 94 kilometres (58 mi). For much of its length, the Havel is navigable; it provides an important link in the waterway connections between the east and west of Germany, as well as beyond. The source of the Havel is located in the Mecklenburg Lake District , between Lake Müritz and the city of Neubrandenburg . There is no obvious visible source in

3816-481: The form of a spring, but the river originates in the lakes in the Diekenbruch near Ankershagen , close to and south-east of the watershed between the North and Baltic seas. From there the river initially flows southward, eventually joining the Elbe, which in turn flows into the North Sea. Every river north-east of it flows to the Baltic Sea. The river enters Brandenburg near the town of Fürstenberg . In its upper course and between Berlin and Brandenburg an der Havel

3888-412: The hanseatic city of Rostock, the administrative district of Rostock , the Regional Planning Association Middle Mecklenburg/Rostock and the local business organisations are working on the promotion and advancement of the concept. Rostock is located nearly centrally on Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 's Baltic Sea coast. The city is crossed by the Warnow . The seaside part of Rostock, Rostock- Warnemünde ,

3960-410: The largest coastal and most important port city in East Germany. Rostock stands on the estuary of the River Warnow into the Bay of Mecklenburg of the Baltic Sea. The city stretches for about 16 km (10 mi) along the river. The river flows into the sea in the very north of the city, between the boroughs of Warnemünde and Hohe Düne. The city center lies further upstream, in the very south of

4032-403: The locks at Wesenberg , Steinhavelmühle , Fürstenberg, Bredereiche , Regow , Zaaren , Schorfheide , Zehdenick , Bischofswerder and Liebenwalde . The Woblitzsee also gives access to the Kammer Canal , which allows vessels to reach Neustrelitz . The Ellbogensee links to the Müritz–Havel–Wasserstraße , which proceeds deeper into the Mecklenburg Lake District, eventually connecting with

4104-404: The medieval city wall , with four city gates , have survived to the present day. The city has a large population of herring gulls that squawk loudly most days throughout the year. Warnemünde is the seaside part of Rostock and a major attraction of the city. Locals and tourists alike enjoy the maritime flair of old houses, a large beach, a lighthouse and the old fisherman's port. The economy

4176-516: The name of the river was also written as Habola, Habula, Havela . The river name Havel is related to German Haff, habe, hafen , MHG Hafen meaning port, harbor). The Slavic people who later moved into the Havel area were referred to in German sources as Heveller (occasionally as Havolane ). The Havel is navigable from the Mecklenburg Lake District to its confluence with the Elbe . Whilst its upper reaches carry little other than leisure traffic, further downstream it provides an important link in

4248-485: The original Heinkel firm's Rostock facilities had been renamed Heinkel-Nord . The world's first airworthy jet plane prototype made its test flights at their facilities in what used to be named the Rostock - Marienehe  [ de ] neighborhood (today's Rostock - Schmarl community, along the west bank of the Unterwarnow estuary). In the early 1930s, the Nazi Party gained in popularity among Rostock's voters, many of whom had suffered economic hardship during

4320-435: The river forms part of the main inland waterway route from Germany to Poland and carries significant commercial traffic. This stretch of the river is 40 kilometres (25 mi) long, and the river descends through two locks at Lehnitz  [ de ] and Spandau. At Hennigsdorf , 30 kilometres (19 mi) downstream of Liebenwalde, the Havel Canal joins the river on the west bank. This canal connects to Paretz , on

4392-418: The river forms part of the main inland waterway route from the Rhine and the west of Germany; from Hamburg and the North Sea ports, to both Berlin and Poland. It thus carries a considerable amount of commercial traffic. South of Spandau, the river widens into a wide lake that extends, through some narrower areas, to Potsdam. On the east bank south of Spandau is the Grunewald with several beaches, among them

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4464-403: The river forms several lakes. The Havel's main tributary is the Spree , which joins the Havel in Spandau , a western borough of Berlin, and is longer and delivers more water than the Havel itself above the confluence. The second largest tributary is the Rhin , named in the Middle Ages by settlers from the lower Rhine. At the southern end of the Ruppiner See , weirs can distribute the waters of

4536-431: The river from the east via the Griebnitzsee just before the city reaches the city of Potsdam, providing an alternative route to the Oder–Spree Canal avoiding central Berlin. The Griebnitz Canal provides a short cut for smaller vessels from the Griebnitzsee to the Großer Wannsee. At Potsdam the navigation splits into two channels. The Havel, here known as the Potsdamer Havel, takes a route southwest through Potsdam and

4608-421: The south and west of the ancient borders of the city. Two notable developments were added to house the increasing population at around 1900: In the 20th century, important aircraft manufacturing facilities were situated in the city, such as the Arado Flugzeugwerke in Warnemünde and the Heinkel Works with facilities at various places, including their secondary Heinkel-Süd facility in Schwechat, Austria , as

4680-457: The state's only regiopolis (a city outside the core of a metropolitan area). The port of Rostock is the fourth largest port in Germany after the North Sea ports of Hamburg , Bremen / Bremerhaven , and Wilhelmshaven , and the largest port on the German Baltic coast. The ferry routes between Rostock to Gedser in Denmark and to Trelleborg in Southern Sweden are among the busiest between Germany and Scandinavia . Rostock–Laage Airport lies in

4752-480: The town also had an armaments hub, aircraft plant, and railway junction, all of military importance. According to military historian Antony Beevor , Stalin 's desire to acquire the nuclear facility motivated him to launch the Battle for Berlin of April–May 1945. It has been claimed that the pre-emptive destruction of these nuclear facilities by the USAAF Eighth Air Force on 15 March 1945 aimed to prevent them from falling into Soviet hands. On 23 April 1945, during

4824-402: The town's concentration camp. The Oranienburg concentration camp (established in March 1933) was among the earliest of the Nazis concentration camps . In 1936, the Sachsenhausen concentration camp on the outskirts of Oranienburg replaced it; there 200,000 people were interned over the nine years that the Nazis operated it. Approximately 22,000 people died at the camp before the liberation of

4896-446: Was destroyed by arson and dozens of Jews were beaten and imprisoned. Feverish rearmament by the Nazi regime boosted Rostock's industrial importance in the late 1930s, and employment soared at the Heinkel and Arado factories, and at the Neptunwerft shipyard. The city's population grew from 100,000 in 1935 to 121,192 in 1939. During World War II , Rostock was subjected to repeated and increasingly heavy bombing attacks, especially by

4968-445: Was held on 13 November 2022, with a runoff held on 27 November, and the results were as follows: The city parliament ( Bürgerschaft ) represents the citizens. Representative are elected for five years. The number of representatives is currently 53. The city parliament is presided by the Präsident der Bürgerschaft , who heads and prepares the sessions and, together with the mayor, represents the city. The most recent city council election

5040-441: Was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows: Rostock is the first city region that defines itself not only as a city in its boundaries, but as a regiopolis , with a supra-regional sphere of influence. A regiopolis can be compared to a metropolis , but on a smaller scale. This is a sign for the inter-regional cooperation and economic dynamics that can be found in the Rostock area. A taskforce with different actors such as

5112-598: Was not completed until the end of the 18th century. Inside there is an astronomical clock erected in 1472 by Hans Düringer. The main pedestrian precinct is Kröpeliner Straße , which runs east from the Neuer Markt to the 14th-century Kröpeliner Tor , a former town gate. The main buildings of Rostock University lie at Universitätsplatz, near the middle of the street, in front of the lively fountain of zest for life (Brunnen der Lebensfreude) , known colloquially as Pornobrunn (fountain of pornography), for its nude sculptures. The Kloster St Katharinen (Convent of St. Catherine),

5184-511: Was renamed Oranienburg. Silvio Gesell , the founder of Freiwirtschaft ("free economy"), lived in Oranienburg between 1911 and 1915, publishing his magazine, Der Physiocrat . He returned to the town in 1927 and lived there until his death in 1930. The town remained a center of the "free economy" movement until the Nazi régime outlawed it in 1933, and many of Gesell's followers ended up as prisoners in

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