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75-566: Rostock ( German: [ˈʁɔstɔk] ; Polabian : Roztoc ), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (German: Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock ), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania . With around 210,000 inhabitants, it is the third-largest city on

150-548: A fish market . Edvard Munch House, where the Norwegian painter of The Scream lived from 1907 to 1908, is at Am Strom 53 . The Warnemünde Church was built on the western edge of the town in 1866 and consecrated in 1871. Warnemünde 's large, sandy beaches are the broadest on the German Baltic Sea coast and stretch out over a length of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). There is a simple 1:1 billion scale model of

225-401: A few attestations of collective numerals exist: The endings for -cte / -cti and -dist 11-19 originates from to Proto-Slavic * desęte (prepositional of desętе “ten”). The multiple endings are the result of different placements of stress within the numeral, which is motivated by Polabian processes of stress movement. The numeral thirty is attested only by the construction pöl ťüpĕ , (“half

300-721: A member of the Hanseatic League . In the 14th century it was a powerful seaport town with 12,000 inhabitants and the largest city in Mecklenburg . Ships for cruising the Baltic Sea were constructed in Rostock. The formerly independent fishing village of Warnemünde at the Baltic Sea became a part of Rostock in 1323, to secure the city's access to the sea. In 1419, the University of Rostock

375-420: A number of other companies, mostly related in some way to the now bankrupt LFG, started operations in the area. These included Heinkel and Arado Flugzeugwerke . The factories and surrounding living areas were bombed several times during the war. Many of these factories were used to form Warnow Werft . Being a centre of maritime traffic, the district of Warnemünde comprises numerous navigational aids,

450-461: A pile”), and sixty is attested only as ťüpă (“pile”). The original word for hundred (Proto-Slavic * sъto ) was not preserved; instead it was replaced by disą(t)diśǫt , literally, “ten tens,” or pąt stíďə , where stíďə is a borrowing from the Middle German stige (“twenty, two tens”). The remaining terms for hundreds are unattested. The original term for thousand (Proto-Slavic * tysǫti )

525-467: A second round. The current mayor of Rostock is Eva-Maria Kröger of The Left , who was elected mayor in 2022 and took office on 1 February 2023. She won in the second round with 58.4% of votes against senior police officer Michael Ebert, an independent backed by the Christian Democratic Union , Independent Citizens for Rostock, and Free Democratic Party . The most recent mayoral election

600-474: A simplified manner. The 15th-century Kerkhofhaus (at Große Wasserstraße, behind the Town Hall) is considered the best-preserved brick Gothic house in Rostock. St. Mary's Church Marienkirche , on Ziegenmarkt, is an imposing Brick Gothic church. Built in the 13th century, it was enlarged and modified at the end of the 14th century into the present cross-shaped basilica. The huge tower was not completed until

675-464: A strong German influence. It was close to Pomeranian and Kashubian , and is attested only in a handful of manuscripts, dictionaries and various writings from the 17th and 18th centuries. About 2800 Polabian words are known; of prose writings, only a few prayers, one wedding song and a few folktales survive. Immediately before the language became extinct, several people started to collect phrases and compile wordlists, and were engaged with folklore of

750-581: Is a member of the Association of Baltic Academies of Music (ABAM), a union of 17 music conservatories at the Baltic Sea and Israel. Unique in Europe is the postgraduate degree in piano duo performance. The school possesses a large opera stage (Katharinensaal) and two chamber music halls. There are concerts every day throughout the year. Rostock also hosts the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research and

825-423: Is about 16 km (10 mi) to the north of the historic city centre. The west and the southeast are the most densely populated parts of town. The overseas port is to the east of Rostock. Rostock stretches 21.6 km (13.4 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the south and 19.4 km (12.1 mi) from east to west. Rostock has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ) with strong influence of

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900-663: Is also a likely origin of the name Berlin , from the Polabian stem berl- / birl- ('swamp'). Though unorganized language revitalization for the Polabian language is occurring in small groups. As of 2023, the language has few limited speakers, but is growing due to more resources being accessible to learn the language. Polabian retains some archaic features from Proto-Slavic: Polabian also has many innovations, in part due to neighboring German and in part due to being more remote: The Proto-Slavic vowels developed thusly: The Proto-Slavic consonants developed thusly: For Polabian

975-501: Is an interesting living example of East German architecture . Built in Bauhausstile and opened for the first time in 1926, it burned down at the end of World War II. Rebuilt in the 1960s with a curved roof and renovated in 2002, it today houses various restaurants. In the vicinity of the canal called der Alte Strom (Old Channel), with its various restaurants, pubs and traditional fishing boats, regional specialities are offered in

1050-550: Is an old Franciscan monastery founded in 1243, and extended several times during the 14th and 15th centuries. Now used as the seat of the Academy of Music and Theatre (HMT-Rostock). The Brick Gothic Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas Church), which is the oldest church in Rostock, was built in the mid-13th century. Heavily damaged during World War II and subsequently restored, the building is now used as an exhibition centre and concert hall, due to its outstanding acoustics. Some parts of

1125-411: Is characterized by the preservation of a number of archaic features, such as the presence of nasal vowels , a lack of metathesis of Proto-Slavic *TorT ; the presence of an aorist and imperfect verb tenses, traces of the dual number , and some prosodic features, as well as by some innovations, including diphthongization of closed vowels, a shift of the vowels o to ö, ü and a to o; a softening of

1200-428: Is formed by adding the past participle form with * -lъ from the main verb and the present tense form of the verb “to be”: ją plokol (“cried”), ją våi̯ai̯dål (“went out”). Not many such complex perfect forms are attested, and were replaced by forms formed by combining participial forms with their corresponding personal pronouns: joz plokol (“I cried”), joz sijol (“I sat down”), vån jedål (“he ate”). The perfect II

1275-487: Is mainly characterised by maritime industries (especially shipbuilding ), high-tech industries ( IT , biotechnology / life sciences , medical engineering ), the University of Rostock , tourism and the service sector. Major companies include: Rostock is home to one of the oldest universities in the world. Founded in 1419, the University of Rostock is the third oldest university in Germany in continuous operation, and one of

1350-508: Is not found in any of the surviving texts. The imperative may be formed with a null morpheme or with -ai̯ , which may be followed by an enclitic: ai̯plot (“pay”), püd (“go”), ricai̯-mĕ (“tell him”), jimai̯ jĕg (“catch him”), ai̯plotai̯- mĕ (“pay me”). The passive voice form is formed mainly with the help of the auxiliary verb vardot , borrowed from German werden (become): kǫsonĕ vardol ("was bitten"), vårdă zazonă ("was lit"). There are several examples of forms formed by combining

1425-577: Is one of two university hospitals in the state, along with Universitätsmedizin Greifswald of the University of Greifswald in Western Pomerania . In the 11th century Polabian Slavs founded a settlement at the Warnow river called Roztoc (* ras-tokŭ , Slavic for "fork of a river"); the name Rostock is derived from that designation. The Danish king Valdemar I set the town on fire in 1161. Afterwards

1500-463: The Baltic Sea , more similar to Denmark and far southern Sweden than to the rest of Germany. The main difference with lower Scandinavia is that the continuous landmass to the south and east enables stronger bursts of heat during summer. In spite of this, the Warnemünde station is generally less warm on the average summer day than on the northern side of the sea. In addition, the maritime influence of

1575-617: The German Reunification , population Rostock decline due to many people who moved to former West Germany. Since 2003, Rostock's population starts to grow again due to students and new companies. Rostock has had three different coats of arms, known as the Signum , the Secretum and the Sigillum . The Signum, which can be traced back to 1367, was developed last and is to this day the coat of arms of

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1650-687: The Polabian Slavs , but only one of them appears to have been a native speaker of Polabian (himself leaving only 13 pages of linguistically relevant material from a 310-page manuscript). The last native speaker of Polabian, a woman, died in 1756, and the last person who spoke limited Polabian died in 1825. The most important monument of the language is the so-called Vocabularium Venedicum (1679–1719) by Christian Hennig. The language left many traces to this day in toponymy; for example, Wustrow (literally 'island', Polabian: Våstrüv ), Lüchow (Polabian: Ljauchüw ), Sagard , Gartow , Krakow etc. It

1725-814: The Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots which occurred from 22 to 24 August 1992. Rostock has a population of about 210,000 people and is the largest city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state. Rostock became a member of Hanseatic League in 15th century, which made Rostock a larger city. Rostock reached its peak of over 100,000 in 1935. In the East Germany era, Rostock was the largest and most important port of East Germany where many sailors and boatmen moved to this city. It also brought many harbour and other industiries to Rostock. Rostock reached its historical peak of population in 1988 with population of about 254,000. After

1800-709: The Solar System , the Warnemünder Planetenwanderweg , with a 1.4m diameter sphere as a model of the Sun installed near the light house, and signs with true scale depictions of the planets at the appropriate distances of their orbits along a coastal walking trail westwards. Some of these signs are over a kilometre apart, and the total length of the Planetenwanderweg is close to 6 km (5,870m). The model includes Pluto and has not been updated since Pluto

1875-582: The Stettin-Rostock offensive operation . After the war, Rostock – now in the German Democratic Republic – became East Germany's largest seaport. The state expanded the national shipyards in the district of Warnemünde . The city's population, boosted in part by resettled ethnic German refugees who had been expelled from territories in the east, increased in the GDR years to a peak of 260,000. Following

1950-570: The oldest universities of the world . It also maintains a botanical garden , the Botanischer Garten Universität Rostock . The Academy of Music and Theatre ( Hochschule für Musik und Theater ) offers graduate degrees in artistic fields. Founded in 1994, the institution combined Ernst Busch , the former drama school, and the outpost school of the Hanns Eisler Music School Berlin . Today, the combined school

2025-492: The prepositional ; the vocative case in Polabian was lost, being replaced by the nominative. Nouns were used mainly only in combination with prepositions, not only in the prepositional case, as in most Slavic languages, but also in the instrumental. Within the inflectional endings, two paradigms exist, one of a masculine-neuter type, the other a feminine type; neither inflectional types are homogeneous. Masculine and neuter nouns are divided into two groups: those ending in -ă in

2100-538: The reunification of Germany in 1990, Rostock lost its privileged position as the No. 1 port of the GDR, and the city's population declined to about 200,000. However, after 2006, the population increased again. Today, Rostock and Warnemünde are significant tourist destinations on the Baltic Sea. Since the late 20th century migrants have come to Germany from Turkey and Africa seeking work. In response to high rates of joblessness and increased levels of crime, some Germans took part in

2175-524: The 1920s. In elections in the summer of 1932, when the Nazis achieved 37.3 percent, their greatest national showing in a free election, they polled 40.3 percent in Rostock. A year later, after the Nazi seizure of power and the suppression of other political parties, the Rostock city council ( Stadtrat ) was composed entirely of Nazis. During Kristallnacht on 10 November 1938, the synagogue in Rostock's Augustenstrasse

2250-463: The Baltic Sea tempers any Arctic blasts, ensuring slightly milder winters. The Warnemünde station is located on the open sea and thus has a stronger maritime influence and slightly smaller variations than the downtown that is further inland. The Rostock weather station has recorded the following extreme values: One of the most picturesque places in Rostock is the Neuer Markt (New Market Square), with

2325-593: The British Royal Air Force . Targets included the Heinkel and Arado plants and the shipyard, but churches and other historic structures in the city centre were also heavily damaged, among them the 14th-century Nikolaikirche (St Nicholas Church) and Jakobikirche (St Jacob's Church). The ruins of the latter were pulled down in 1960. The city was eventually captured by the Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front on 2 May 1945 during

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2400-611: The German Baltic coast after Kiel and Lübeck , the eighth-largest city in the area of former East Germany , as well as the 39th-largest city of Germany. Rostock was the largest coastal and most important port city in East Germany. Rostock stands on the estuary of the River Warnow into the Bay of Mecklenburg of the Baltic Sea. The city stretches for about 16 km (10 mi) along

2475-881: The Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, as well as two branches of Fraunhofer Institutes, one for Computer Graphics and one for Large Structures in Production Technology. The municipal theatre is the Volkstheater Rostock where the Norddeutsche Philharmonie Rostock plays. The city is home to the annual Hanse Sail festival, during which many large sailing ships and museum vessels are brought out to sea, drawing over 1.5 million visitors. An annual jazz festival, Ostsee-Jazz ("Baltic Sea Jazz"), takes place in June. Polabian language Polabian

2550-600: The Town Hall – that was originally built in the 13th century in Brick Gothic style, but extensively transformed in the 18th century, with the addition of a Baroque façade and a banqueting hall. The square also preserved six original, carefully restored gable houses from the 15th and 16th centuries. The other historical houses in Hanseatic style that once bordered the square were destroyed in an Allied air-raid in 1942, and rebuilt in

2625-407: The Warnow ) is a seaside resort and a district of the city of Rostock in Mecklenburg , Germany. It is located on the Baltic Sea and, as the name implies, at the estuary of the river Warnow . Warnemünde is one of the world's busiest cruise ports . Founded in about 1200, Warnemünde was for centuries a small fishing village with minor importance for the economic and cultural development of

2700-567: The ancient borders of the city. Two notable developments were added to house the increasing population at around 1900: In the 20th century, important aircraft manufacturing facilities were situated in the city, such as the Arado Flugzeugwerke in Warnemünde and the Heinkel Works with facilities at various places, including their secondary Heinkel-Süd facility in Schwechat, Austria , as

2775-419: The city council was the city mayor. In the 19th century there were three mayors. Since 1925, the head of the city has borne the title of Mayor . Having been elected by the city council for centuries, since 2002 this position is now elected directly by the citizens of Rostock, following a reform. If a candidate does not achieve an absolute majority in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes stand in

2850-418: The city wall razed (slighted) to have a fortress built. The conflict did not end until the first Rostock Inheritance Agreement of 21 September 1573, in which the state princes were guaranteed hereditary rule over the city for centuries and recognizing them as the supreme judicial authority; this bound Rostock for a long time. The citizens razed (or slighted) the fortress the following spring. From 1575 to 1577

2925-732: The city walls were rebuilt, as was the Lagebusch tower and the Stein Gate, in the Dutch Renaissance style. The inscription sit intra te concordia et publica felicitas ("Let there be harmony and public happiness within you"), can still be read on the gate, and refers directly to the conflict with the Duke. In 1584 the Second Rostock Inheritance Agreement was enforced, which resulted in a further loss of former city tax privileges. At

3000-450: The city. The Signum depicts a golden griffin on a blue background, with bars of silver and red, the colours of the Hanseatic League , below. It can be seen not only on flags and houses, and at bus stops, but also on bridges, gullies, fences, ships and restaurants. Since the 13th century, the governing body of the city has been the city council ( Rat ), first consisting of ten, later of 24 elected aldermen ( Ratsherren ). The chairman of

3075-450: The consonants g, k in some positions to d', t', an occasional reduction of final vowels, and the formation of complex tenses, many which are associated with the influence of the German language . Polabian also has a large number of Middle Low German borrowings. By the 18th century, Lechitic Polabian was in some respects markedly different from other Slavic languages , most notably in having

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3150-405: The dukes and persistent plundering led ultimately to a loss of the city's economic and political power. In 1565 there were further clashes with Schwerin that had far-reaching consequences. Among other things, the nobility introduced a beer excise that favoured the dukes. John Albert I advanced on the city with 500 horsemen, after Rostock had refused to take the formal oath of allegiance, and had

3225-628: The end of the 18th century. Inside there is an astronomical clock erected in 1472 by Hans Düringer. The main pedestrian precinct is Kröpeliner Straße , which runs east from the Neuer Markt to the 14th-century Kröpeliner Tor , a former town gate. The main buildings of Rostock University lie at Universitätsplatz, near the middle of the street, in front of the lively fountain of zest for life (Brunnen der Lebensfreude) , known colloquially as Pornobrunn (fountain of pornography), for its nude sculptures. The Kloster St Katharinen (Convent of St. Catherine),

3300-407: The exhausted Prussians had neither food nor ammunition. In the first half of the 19th century, Rostock regained much of its economic importance, due at first to the wheat trade, then, from the 1850s, to industry, especially its shipyards. The first propeller-driven steamers in Germany were constructed here. The city grew in area and population, with new quarters developing in the south and west of

3375-523: The following segments are reconstructable: The nature of the Polabian accent remains a controversial issue. There are three theories: Due to the poor attestation of Polabian, it is difficult to reconstruct a full morphology. Presented here is a general overview. As in all Slavic languages, Polabian has three grammatical genders : masculine, feminine and neuter. Polabian nouns may also be animate or inanimate, and decline for six cases : nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , instrumental and

3450-404: The future tense could also be formed with the auxiliary verb met (“to have”): joz mom sijot (“I will sew”), K. Polyansky considered the verb met in these cases is a modal verb - “I must sew.” The use of the imperfect joz tех (“I wanted”), mes (“had”), ni-băs (“I wasn’t”) and the aorist ( sådĕ (“went”), våzą (“took”), påci (“fell”)) attested by a few examples. The perfect I tense

3525-557: The hanseatic city of Rostock, the administrative district of Rostock , the Regional Planning Association Middle Mecklenburg/Rostock and the local business organisations are working on the promotion and advancement of the concept. Rostock is located nearly centrally on Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 's Baltic Sea coast. The city is crossed by the Warnow . The seaside part of Rostock, Rostock- Warnemünde ,

3600-704: The largest port on the German Baltic coast. The ferry routes between Rostock to Gedser in Denmark and to Trelleborg in Southern Sweden are among the busiest between Germany and Scandinavia . Rostock–Laage Airport lies in a rural region southeast of the city . The city is home to the oldest university in the Baltic region and one of the oldest universities in the world , the University of Rostock , founded in 1419. The university's hospital, Universitätsmedizin Rostock ,

3675-404: The medieval city wall , with four city gates , have survived to the present day. The city has a large population of herring gulls that squawk loudly most days throughout the year. Warnemünde is the seaside part of Rostock and a major attraction of the city. Locals and tourists alike enjoy the maritime flair of old houses, a large beach, a lighthouse and the old fisherman's port. The economy

3750-422: The nominative singular those ending in anything else. Nouns ending in -ă probably took a feminine declension in the singular, as in other Slavic languages, but this is difficult to assert due to the fact that such nouns are known in the documents only in the nominative singular form. The second group of nouns is divided into a number of subtypes. The dual forms of masculine and neuter nouns are not attested. Within

3825-461: The oldest being the lighthouse , built in 1897, and still currently in use. In the summer, the tower, approximately 37 metres (121 ft) high, allows visitors to enjoy an impressive view over the Baltic Sea and the northern districts of Rostock . Warnemünde's other famous landmark, the nearby Teepott  [ de ] ( Teapot in German) with its Hyparschale  [ de ] curved roof,

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3900-640: The original Heinkel firm's Rostock facilities had been renamed Heinkel-Nord . The world's first airworthy jet plane prototype made its test flights at their facilities in what used to be named the Rostock - Marienehe  [ de ] neighborhood (today's Rostock - Schmarl community, along the west bank of the Unterwarnow estuary). In the early 1930s, the Nazi Party gained in popularity among Rostock's voters, many of whom had suffered economic hardship during

3975-448: The passive participle with the verb båi̯t (“to be”), perhaps also being forms of the passive voice. Also, forms of the passive voice are formed using reflexive verbs with the particle să ,: vinai̯ biją-să (“they are being hit”). In Polabian, forms such as the infinitive , the active present participle , the passive participle and the gerund are attested. T. Lehr-Spławiński, based on the fact that most infinitive forms have stress on

4050-470: The penultimate syllable and several other forms have stress on the last syllable, did not exclude the possibility that supine could have existed in Polabian. Infinitives are formed with -t : voi̯vist (“to bring out”), vist (“to carry”). Active participles are formed with -ąc- : kǫ̇săjącĕ (“biting”), l'otojącă (“flying”). Warnem%C3%BCnde Warnemünde ( German pronunciation: [vaʁnəˈmʏndə] , literally Mouth of

4125-401: The penultimate syllable, with the exception of verbs with enclitics, in which the stress goes to the last syllable. This type of stress explains the presence of conjugations formed with -ĕ- || -i- (from * -e- ) and with -o- || -ă- (from * -a(je)- ). The alternation in the verbs of these conjugations of full vowels and reduced vowels depends both on the presence or absence of enclitics, and on

4200-507: The place was settled by German traders. Initially there were three separate cities: In 1218, Rostock was granted Lübeck law city rights by Heinrich Borwin , prince of Mecklenburg. During the first partition of Mecklenburg following the death of Henry Borwin II of Mecklenburg in 1226, Rostock became the seat of the Lordship of Rostock , which survived for almost a century. In 1251, the city became

4275-530: The prefix nĕ -/ ni - , which phonetically cannot continue the Proto-Slavic * ni -, which would have developed as * nai -. K. Polański believed that nai - was supplanted by ni - under the influence of the negative particle ni (“not”). As with other inflections, complete verb paradigms cannot be reconstructed due to a lack of attestation. Below is a general overview. Verbs may be either perfective or imperfective in aspect , expressed by different structures of

4350-445: The presence of consonants or whole syllables after the vowel. The differences in the types of conjugations concern only the forms of the 1st person singular. The future tense is formed by adding the auxiliary verb cą (“I want”) to the infinitive of the main verb of the present tense form: ci sneg ai̯t (“it will snow”), vån ci-să sḿot (“he will laugh”). According to T. Lehr-Spławiński, A. E. Suprun and some other scholars, forms of

4425-531: The primary to the secondary and tertiary sector. Besides the Nordic Yards Warnemünde ship yard (the former Warnowwerft ), the economy largely depends on tourism. The construction of a modern cruise line centre in 2005 has contributed crucially to Warnemünde 's establishment as the most important harbour for cruise line ships in Germany. Warnemünde was formerly the site of the original LFG aircraft factories during World War I. Prior to World War II

4500-443: The region. In 1323 Warnemünde lost its autonomous status as it was purchased by the city of Rostock in order to safeguard the city's access to the Baltic Sea . It was not until the 19th century that Warnemünde began to develop into an important seaside resort. Today Warnemünde has approximately 8,400 inhabitants. Once completely dependent on the fishing industry, Warnemünde 's economic alignment has shifted inevitably from

4575-472: The river mouth is relatively undeveloped, with long sandy beaches prevailing. The name of the city is of Slavic origin. Rostock is the economic center of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the state's only regiopolis (a city outside the core of a metropolitan area). The port of Rostock is the fourth largest port in Germany after the North Sea ports of Hamburg , Bremen / Bremerhaven , and Wilhelmshaven , and

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4650-407: The river. The river flows into the sea in the very north of the city, between the boroughs of Warnemünde and Hohe Düne. The city center lies further upstream, in the very south of the city. Most of Rostock's inhabitants live on the western side of the Warnow; the area east of the river is dominated by the port, industrial estates, and the forested Rostock Heath . The city's coastline east and west of

4725-503: The same time, these inheritance contracts put paid to Rostock's ambition of achieving imperial immediacy , as Lübeck had done in 1226. The strategic location of Rostock provoked the envy of its rivals. Danes and Swedes occupied the city twice, first during the Thirty Years' War (1618–48) and again from 1700 to 1721. Later in the early 19th century, the French , under Napoleon , occupied

4800-453: The singular, the following can be seen: Within the plural, the following can be seen: There are three types of declension of feminine nouns. The first includes nouns with endings -o or -ă in the nominative singular case: bobo (“woman”), zenă (“wife”, “woman”). The second ends in -åi̯ , -ĕ , or -ai̯ : motai̯ (“mother”), bant'åi̯ (“bench”). The third has a zero ending: vås (“louse”), t’üst (“bone”), vas (“village”). Within

4875-459: The singular, the following can be seen: Within the plural, the following can be seen: Within the dual, the following can be seen: Adjectives agree in gender, case and number. A few instances of short adjectives are attested. Adjectives can also inflect for the comparative and superlative. The following adjectival inflections are attested: Short forms of adjectives are formed from the stems of full adjectives and by adding gender endings in

4950-543: The singular. These forms agrees with the noun to which it refers in case as well: Among the surviving masculine and neuter forms, the instrumental case ( tai̯xåm (“quiet”)) and the locative case ( cai̯ste (“pure”); dübre (“good”)) are attested. The comparative of adjectives is formed with -i̯sĕ , -sĕ , and -ésĕ , and the superlative is formed from the comparative by adding na- : navoi̯sĕ (“highest”), lepsĕ (“better”), zai̯mnésǎ (“colder”), nastăresĕ (“eldest”). Polabian has both cardinal and ordinal numerals, and

5025-496: The town for about a decade until 1813. In nearby Lübeck - Ratekau , Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , who was born in Rostock and who was one of few generals to fight on after defeat at the Battle of Jena , surrendered to the French in 1806. This was only after furious street fighting in the Battle of Lübeck , in which he led some of the cavalry charges himself. By the time of the surrender,

5100-458: The verb stem: zarăt (imperfective) and vizrăt (perfective) (“look, see”); dvai̯zĕ (imperfective) and dvai̯gnǫt (perfective) (“to move”); våzdet-să (imperfective) and våzdevot-să (perfective) (“to dress”). Polabian verbs may inflect for present tense , future tense and three forms of the past tense: imperfect , aorist , as well as two perfect tenses, called perfect I and perfect II. The stress in present tense verbs always falls on

5175-540: Was reclassified as a dwarf planet . Walking along the Planetenwanderweg allows hikers to get an intuitive idea of the relative distances between the orbits of the planets and the Sun. The district of Warnemünde has a Baltic -influenced oceanic climate ( Cfb ) according to the Köppen climate classification system. There are a lot of musicians and bands in Warnemünde who are involved in cultural events. Because of

5250-596: Was destroyed by arson and dozens of Jews were beaten and imprisoned. Feverish rearmament by the Nazi regime boosted Rostock's industrial importance in the late 1930s, and employment soared at the Heinkel and Arado factories, and at the Neptunwerft shipyard. The city's population grew from 100,000 in 1935 to 121,192 in 1939. During World War II , Rostock was subjected to repeated and increasingly heavy bombing attacks, especially by

5325-433: Was founded, the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area. At the end of the 15th century, the dukes of Mecklenburg succeeded in enforcing their rule over the town of Rostock, which had until then been only nominally subject to their rule and essentially independent. They took advantage of a riot known as Domfehde , a failed uprising of the impoverished population. Subsequent quarrels with

5400-496: Was held on 13 November 2022, with a runoff held on 27 November, and the results were as follows: The city parliament ( Bürgerschaft ) represents the citizens. Representative are elected for five years. The number of representatives is currently 53. The city parliament is presided by the Präsident der Bürgerschaft , who heads and prepares the sessions and, together with the mayor, represents the city. The most recent city council election

5475-441: Was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows: Rostock is the first city region that defines itself not only as a city in its boundaries, but as a regiopolis , with a supra-regional sphere of influence. A regiopolis can be compared to a metropolis , but on a smaller scale. This is a sign for the inter-regional cooperation and economic dynamics that can be found in the Rostock area. A taskforce with different actors such as

5550-470: Was probably formed under the influence of the perfect of the German language (formed using the verbs haben (“to have”) or sein (“to be”): ich habe geschrieben (“I wrote”)), as in Polabian it is also formed by the combination of the auxiliary verbs met (“to have”) and båi̯t (“to be”) and the passive participle: vån mo nodenă (“he found”), ją våpodenă (“fell”), ją ai̯ḿartĕ (“died”). The indicative and imperative moods are attested. The subjunctive mood

5625-898: Was replaced by the construction disąt pątstiďə . The following personal and reflexive pronouns are attested: The pronoun jai̯ was borrowed from Middle Low German jī . There were two demonstrative pronouns in Polabian: sǫ , so , sü (“this”) and tǫ , to , tü (“that”). The attested possessive pronouns are: müj , müjă , müji (“mine”); tüj , tüjă , tüji (“yours (singular)”); süji ("one's own (reflexive possesive pronoun"); nos ("our"); vosă (“yours” (plural)). The interrogative pronouns are: kåtü (“who”); cü (“what”); koťĕ (“which”, “what”, “what kind”). The determinative pronouns are: vis (“all”), visoťă (“anything”), kozdümĕ (“everyone” (dative)). The negative pronouns are: nĕkătü (“nobody”), nic (“nothing”), nijadån (“not one, no”), niťidĕ (“nowhere”); all were formed using

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