56-704: Opononi is a settlement on the south shore of Hokianga Harbour in Northland , New Zealand. State Highway 12 runs through Opononi. Ōmāpere is on the shore to the south of Opononi and Pakanae is to the northeast. According to the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage , the name Opononi roughly translates to "place of crooked fishing post" in Māori . John Webster arrived in New Zealand in 1841. In 1855, he bought 700 acres of rough land at Opononi, and established
112-655: A DBE in 1981 and a member of the Order of New Zealand in 1991. She had returned to Panguru in the Hokianga in 1983. She died there on 26 March 1994 at the age of 98. Bishop Jean Baptiste Pompallier (1802–1871), was the first Roman Catholic bishop in New Zealand. His first mission station was situated at Pūrākau in the Hokianga from 1839 until 1915. He celebrated the first mass on NZ 'terra firma' at Tōtara Point, Hokianga, in 1838. His remains were reinterred in Motuti, Hokianga, in 2002 after
168-455: A homestead and pastoral farm. He developed this into a showplace, entertaining vice-royalty several times. He also built a wharf, gum-store and a trading store. In 1894, Webster put the house and farm on the market. The store and gum store were taken over by Alfred Sprye Andrewes who later converted the gum store into a two storey hotel. The Opononi Post and Telephone was opened in 1892 and operated until 1989. The road between Opononi and Ōmāpere
224-400: A nationwide hīkoi. Opononi became famous throughout New Zealand during 1955 and 1956 due to the exploits of a bottlenose dolphin (nicknamed " Opo "). Opo was a wild dolphin who started following fishing boats around Opononi in early 1955 after her mother had been killed, and would swim daily in the bay close to town. She was originally named "Opononi Jack", based on Pelorus Jack , since she
280-508: A symbolic march – to protest against the loss of Māori land for which she is best remembered. The march, from the northern tip of the North Island to Parliament in Wellington at the other end of the island made her nationally recognised, with her determined figure, no longer strong in body but strong in mana and will, walking at the head of the march from Te Hapua to Wellington. She was made
336-463: A title that failed to endear him to Ngāpuhi. His project collapsed, but it highlighted to the Colonial Service the need to protect against rival European powers. The year after de Thierry arrived, another Frenchman, Bishop Jean Baptiste Pompallier , arrived, with the aim of establishing a Catholic mission. He found the southern shores firmly in the hands of Methodist and Anglican missionaries, but
392-646: A while during the 1970s and 1980s, there was little economic base for the area, and it became a haven for alternative lifestylers . In recent years, however, tourism has been revived in the region. Attractions such as the great kauri trees of the Waipoua Forest (including the country's largest tree, Tane Mahuta ), the historic waterfront villages of Kohukohu and Rawene , cafes, the Horeke basalts , beaches, historic buildings, nature walks, horse trekking, boat trips, and fishing are bringing more visitors every year. In 2002
448-424: A whole, which are based on data from the previous census (in this case, the 2013 census) and calculated using a cohort-component method. Population projections also take into consideration births, deaths, and net migration. In 2016, New Zealand's population at the time of the 2018 census was projected to be between 4,807,000 and 4,944,000. Data uses fixed random rounding to protect confidentiality; each data point
504-636: Is a coeducational composite (years 1–15) school with a roll of 146 students. Hokianga The Hokianga is an area surrounding the Hokianga Harbour , also known as the Hokianga River , a long estuarine drowned valley on the west coast in the north of the North Island of New Zealand . The original name, still used by local Māori , is Te Kohanga o Te Tai Tokerau ("the nest of the northern people") or Te Puna o Te Ao Marama ("the wellspring in
560-527: Is for the census usually-resident population count. The largest age group is people aged 25 to 29, who comprise 7.3% of the population. Data is the census usually-resident population count. Data is the census usually-resident population count. Declared sex of New Zealanders Data is for the census usually-resident population count of people aged 15 years and over. Data is for the census usually-resident population count of employed people aged 15 years and over. Home ownership among New Zealanders. Data
616-441: Is for the census's usually-resident population. Birthplace of New Zealanders There was no change in the top five ethnicities between the 2013 and 2018 censuses, which are New Zealand European (64.1%), Māori (16.5%), Chinese (4.9%), Indian (4.7%), and Samoan (3.9%). Data is for the census usually-resident population count. Results add up to over 100% due to people declaring multiple ethnicities. Most New Zealanders, 48.5% of
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#1733114077008672-401: Is rounded either to the nearest multiple of 3 ( 2 ⁄ 3 chance) or the next-nearest multiple of 3 ( 1 ⁄ 3 chance). The census usually-resident population count of New Zealand is a count of all people who usually live in and were present in the country on census night (6 March 2018), and excludes overseas visitors and New Zealand residents who are temporarily overseas. Due to
728-406: Is the previous census completed before this one. In July 2018, it was estimated that the 2018 census had a "full or partial" response for 90 percent of individuals, down from 94.5 percent in the 2013 census and the planned release date for census information was changed from October of the same year to March 2019. This drop, which already amounted to the lowest census response rate for fifty years,
784-507: Is well embedded in legislation and government systems. Since 1881, censuses have been held every five years, with the exceptions of those in 1931 and 1941 and the one in 2011 which was cancelled due to the February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch , which displaced many Canterbury residents from their homes only a few weeks before census day. It was rescheduled for March 2013, so the 2013 census
840-769: The 2018 census , and an increase of 270 people (26.1%) since the 2013 census . There were 651 males, 651 females and 3 people of other genders in 546 dwellings. 3.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 52.7 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 225 people (17.2%) aged under 15 years, 138 (10.6%) aged 15 to 29, 564 (43.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 375 (28.7%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 62.1% European ( Pākehā ); 58.6% Māori ; 5.3% Pasifika ; 3.7% Asian ; 0.5% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.3% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
896-636: The 2018 census , and an increase of 60 people (29.4%) since the 2013 census . There were 123 males, 138 females and 3 people of other genders in 114 dwellings. 2.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 52.7 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 51 people (19.3%) aged under 15 years, 30 (11.4%) aged 15 to 29, 99 (37.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 84 (31.8%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 60.2% European ( Pākehā ); 64.8% Māori ; 8.0% Pasifika ; 4.5% Asian ; and 1.1% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA). English
952-634: The Māngungu Mission near Horeke where 3000 were waiting. The second signing of the Treaty of Waitangi took place on 12 February 1840. With the appropriate signatures (and a few inappropriate entries) Hobson could immediately claim support from the biggest tribe in the country. While the fate of the country was being signed into history, the axemen of Hokianga scarcely missed a beat. At any one time, as many as 20 ships could be loading Hokianga timber. Whole hillsides, suddenly bared of vegetation, began to slip into
1008-528: The Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Pakanae Marae, creating 11 jobs. Statistics New Zealand describes Opononi as a rural settlement. It covers 0.50 km (0.19 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 280 as of June 2024, with a population density of 560 people per km. The settlement is part of the larger Waipoua Forest statistical area. Opononi had a population of 264 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 12 people (4.8%) since
1064-572: The Tasman Sea . It is navigable for small craft for much of its length, although there is a bar across the mouth. In its upper reaches the Rangiora Narrows separate the mouths of the Waihou and Mangamuka Rivers from the lower parts of the harbour. 12,000 years ago, the Hokianga was a river valley flanked by steep bush-clad hills. As the last ice age regressed, the dramatic rise in sea level slowly flooded
1120-554: The 14th century, the great chief Puhi landed just south of the Bay of Islands . The tribe of Puhi, Ngāpuhi , slowly extended westwards to reach the west coast and to colonise both sides of Hokianga. Māori regard Hokianga as one of the oldest settlements in Aotearoa , and it remains a heartland for the people. Rahiri, the 17th-century founder of the Ngāpuhi iwi , was born at Whiria pā to the south of
1176-472: The Hokianga. Dame Whina Cooper was born at Te Karaka, Hokianga on 9 December 1895, the daughter of a leader of the Te Rarawa iwi . From an early age she showed an interest in local community affairs and politics, and her flair and abilities led to her becoming the undisputed Māori leader of the northern Hokianga by her mid-30s. In 1949 she moved to Auckland , and by 1951 she was elected first president of
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#17331140770081232-485: The Motukaraka Dairy Factory was carried there by a fleet of about fifty locally-built launches that criss-crossed the harbour daily, creating in the process a service for both passengers and freight. For half a century, the communities on both sides of the harbour were linked internally by sea transport, before improved roads in the 1950s finally displaced this energetic flotilla and the harbour once again divided
1288-558: The Ngāpuhi walking tracks to make their own discovery of Hokianga and its accessible timber resources. Their reports soon reached merchant captains in the Bay of Islands. Captain James Herd of the Providence responded first, and with missionary Thomas Kendall as guide and translator, crossed the bar and entered the harbour in 1822. His was the first European ship to do so, and it sailed away with
1344-568: The Surgeon Superintendent of Rawene Hospital, mounted and armed guards stood at all crossroads to turn back would-be visitors and thus restrict the spread of the disease between settlements. Travellers wishing to enter Hokianga were simply stopped at the boundary. The rule was simple: anyone could leave, but no one could enter. The local epidemic lasted six weeks and a significant number died. Each community attended to its own, and mass burials were commonplace. Few Maori deaths were recorded –
1400-405: The bar. In 1837, a French adventurer, the self-titled Baron Charles de Thierry , sailed with 60 settlers into this hive of export activity to claim an immense tract of land that he believed he had purchased 15 years earlier in exchange for 36 axes. He was eventually granted about 1,000 acres (4 km ) at Rangiahua where he set up his colony, declaring himself "Sovereign Chief of New Zealand",
1456-443: The bay, although the harbour is a well-regarded area in which to watch smaller dolphins and killer whales . Numerous small islands dot the Hokianga, notably Ruapapaka Island , Motukaraka Island , and To Motu Island , the latter being the site of a former pā . As the Hokianga is a drowned valley, it is the mouth of numerous "tributaries", many of which retain the name river while effectively being bays or inlets. Clockwise from
1512-411: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 138 (12.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 591 (54.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 321 (29.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 23,800, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 42 people (3.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1568-408: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 24 (11.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 117 (54.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 66 (31.0%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 24,300, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 6 people (2.8%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1624-478: The census, but also blamed operational complexity and flaws in management. Due to a decision to conduct the census primarily online, the census attracted only an 83% response rate, even lower than the 90% earlier reported, and well short of the 94% census percent target and a nine percent drop from the previous 2013 New Zealand census . On 13 August 2019 the report was released to the public and Liz MacPherson offered her resignation, taking ultimate responsibility for
1680-399: The community. By 1914, a rustic telephone system linked some of the Hokianga communities with each other and with the outside world. A government-subsidised, weekly coastal shipping service ran between Onehunga and Hokianga, bringing in freight and taking away butter. The communities of Horeke and Rawene are the second- and third-oldest European settlements in New Zealand. Rawene is still
1736-406: The first shipment of timber from the Hokianga. His success inspired a strong following—the deforestation of Hokianga had begun and would be complete by the turn of the century. The only disincentive to Hokianga's exploitation was the harbour bar. Among the hundreds of ships that successfully negotiated it, 16 were recorded as being lost. Most came to grief when leaving fully laden, becoming caught in
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1792-606: The first walking tracks were opened at the Wairere Boulders allowing a close inspection of the basalt rocks in the Wairere valley. Hokianga offers varied and interesting accommodation for all styles and budgets for travelers who prefer a quieter holiday than the busier east coast offers. A visit to the Hokianga is to see what New Zealand was like in previous decades with unspoiled landscapes. Three iconic and very different figures in New Zealand history have been closely associated with
1848-465: The harbour, choking its tributaries with mud. The relationship between Māori and Pākehā (European) settlers was frequently tense, never more so than during the Dog Tax War of the 1890s, which was largely centred around Hokianga. By 1900, the bulk of the forest had sailed over the bar and the little topsoil that remained was turned to dairy farming for butter production. Most of the cream delivered to
1904-529: The harbour, where a monument stands to his memory. In the course of expansion, Ngāpuhi created and maintained over centuries a complex network of walking tracks, many of which evolved into today's roads. More than a dozen pā sites lie close to the Hokianga, among them notably Motukauri Pã, located on a headland at the end of a tombolo between the Motuti River and Whangapapatiki Creek mouths. Wesleyan (and, later, Anglican ) missionaries were guided along
1960-527: The high rate of non-response in the census, the published results combine answers from census forms with data from the 2013 Census and from government administrative data. Reports from an External Data Quality Review Panel include quality ratings for each variable, taking the added data into account. Population counts for regions of New Zealand . All figures are for the census usually-resident population count. In 2018, 3,370,122 people (71.7%) were born in New Zealand, with 1,329,633 (28.3%) born overseas. Data
2016-446: The legendary Polynesian navigators and explorers , settled in Hokianga in approximately 925 AD, after their journey of discovery from Hawaiki aboard their waka (canoe) named Matahorua and Tāwhirirangi . When Kupe left the area, he declared that this would be the place of his return, leaving several things behind—including the bailer of his canoe. Later, Kupe's grandson Nukutawhiti returned from Hawaiki to settle in Hokianga. In
2072-549: The most important of the coastal settlements in the Hokianga and is where the base of Hokianga's community owned health services ( Hauora Hokianga) is located, on top of the hill at the Hokianga Hospital. The influenza pandemic reached Hokianga in September 1918, and remote Waiotemarama was one of the first settlements to succumb. A soup kitchen was organised in each community. On the instructions of Dr George McCall Smith ,
2128-503: The mouth of the Hokianga, these include: The area around the harbour is divided in three by the estuary. To the south are the settlements of Waimamaku , Ōmāpere , Opononi , Pakanae , Koutu , Whirinaki , Rawene , Omanaia , Waima , and Taheke ; to the north are Broadwood , Pawarenga , Panguru , Mitimiti , and Rangi Point ; and at the top of the harbour upstream from the narrows are Horeke , Kohukohu , and Mangamuka . According to Te Tai Tokerau tradition, Kupe and Ngāhue ,
2184-451: The new Māori Women's Welfare League. The league's success was largely due to Whina's efforts, and she became well known throughout the country. In 1957 she stepped down as president and the annual conference rewarded her with the title Te Whaea o te Motu ("Mother of the Nation"). Whina Cooper continued to work for the community throughout the 1960s, but it was her 1975 leadership of a hīkoi –
2240-516: The northern side was ripe for conversion. His remains, recently claimed by Ngāpuhi, lie buried where the mission began. Today the harbour, like the Reformation itself, stands between Protestant and Catholic. The lawyer and naturalist Sir Walter Lawry Buller was born in Hokianga in 1838. Within six days of the Waitangi signing , Governor Hobson , keen to secure full Ngāpuhi support, trekked across to
2296-588: The number of partially and fully completed responses. On 9 April, she reported that one in seven New Zealanders, 700,000 people, failed to complete the census. In July 2019 the independent inquiry returned its findings to the Government Statistician, the Minister of Statistics and the State Services Commissioner , reporting that too little attention had been paid to the non-digital aspects of
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2352-412: The population, identify as being irreligious. Data is for the census usually-resident population count. The vast majority of New Zealanders, 95.4%, speak English; in second place is Māori, with 4.0% of the population being able to speak it. Data is for the census usually-resident population count. New Zealanders who declare Māori descent. 18.5% of New Zealanders have at least some Māori descent. Data
2408-445: The results, stating "I'm sorry, the buck stops with me." State Services Commissioner Peter Hughes agreed with her assessment, and asked MacPherson to remain in her role until Christmas of 2019, noting that "she is the best person to finish the remediation work". The 2018 census collected data on the following topics: Statistics New Zealand annually conducts population projections for New Zealand as
2464-475: The true impact of the epidemic on Maori is unknown. The first major industry of the region was based around the kauri trees, both logging and the gum, the strong thick resin which came from the trees. After the forests started to thin, dairying and cheese production took over as the mainstay of the economy, but they too fell away after the closure of the Motukaraka Dairy Cooperative in 1953. For
2520-419: The valley turning it into a tidal saltwater harbour with abundant sheltered deep water anchorages. This was the harbour that the explorer Kupe left from, and in 1822 it was home to the first European timber entrepreneurs. southern right whales possibly frequented the bay historically, prior to significant depletion of the species caused by commercial and illegal hunting. Today, large whales are rarely seen in
2576-513: The wind shadow cast by South Head, where deep water lay. A temporary lull or change in wind direction could cause a sailing ship to lose steerage way and be swept onto the rocky shore. In 1828, the missionary schooner Herald , built by Henry Williams and sailed by Gilbert Mair , foundered while trying to enter Hokianga Harbour. The last recorded shipwreck was of the schooner Isabella de Fraine , lost with all eight crew in July 1928 after capsizing on
2632-518: The world of light"). The full name of the harbour is Te Hokianga-nui-a-Kupe — "the place of Kupe's great return". The Hokianga is in the Far North District , which is in the Northland Region . The area is 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Whangārei City—and 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Kaikohe —by road. The estuary extends inland for 30 kilometres (19 mi) from
2688-604: Was blamed on a 'digital-first' policy for the census. An independent review was initiated by the Government Statistician in October 2019, and in November Statistics NZ announced that release of census data would be pushed back to at least April 2019 due to "the complex nature of the task". In early April 2019, the Government Statistician, Liz MacPherson was facing possible charges of contempt of parliament. She had twice refused, on 13 February and in early April, to disclose
2744-592: Was developed in the mid 1930s leading to ribbon development. In 1959, a fire destroyed the Opononi Hotel and Opononi Store. Opononi became famous throughout New Zealand in the summer of 1955 and 1956 due to the exploits of a dolphin called Opo . Opononi and Pakanae have two marae affiliated with the Ngāpuhi hapū of Ngāti Korokoro , Ngāti Whārara and Te Poukā : In October 2020, the Government committed $ 470,000 from
2800-749: Was made law, but on 9 March she was found dead in a rock crevice at Koutu Point. It is suspected that she was killed accidentally by fishermen fishing with gelignite . Her death was reported nationwide, and she was buried with full Māori honours in a special plot next to the town hall. There are composite (years 1–15) schools at Opononi , Panguru and Broadwood . There are also primary schools at Mangamuka , Horeke , Kohukohu , Matihetihe , Omanaia , Pawarenga , Rawene , Waimā , Whirinaki , and Umawera . 35°31′33″S 173°22′43″E / 35.5258°S 173.3786°E / -35.5258; 173.3786 2018 New Zealand census The 2018 New Zealand census , which took place on Tuesday 6 March 2018,
2856-445: Was presumed to be male. Unlike the majority of dolphins, she had no qualms about human company, and would perform stunts for locals, play with objects like beach balls and beer bottles, and allow children to swim alongside her and make contact. The dolphin became a local celebrity but news of her soon spread, and visitors from throughout the country would come to watch her. On 8 March 1956 official protection for Opo, requested by locals,
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#17331140770082912-462: Was spoken by 95.5%, Māori language by 23.9%, Samoan by 1.1% and other languages by 4.5%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). The percentage of people born overseas was 6.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 40.9% Christian , 1.1% Hindu , 3.4% Māori religious beliefs , 1.1% New Age , and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 48.9%, and 6.8% of people did not answer
2968-527: Was spoken by 97.0%, Māori language by 22.1%, Samoan by 0.7% and other languages by 5.1%. No language could be spoken by 2.1% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 10.6, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 37.9% Christian , 0.7% Hindu , 3.9% Māori religious beliefs , 0.5% Buddhist , 0.9% New Age , and 0.9% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 45.7%, and 9.9% of people did not answer
3024-590: Was that 339 (31.4%) people were employed full-time, 180 (16.7%) were part-time, and 42 (3.9%) were unemployed. The first school was the Pakia Native School which opened in 1874 under the Native School Act. In 1912 the school was renamed Omapere. Opononi did not have a school of its own and children either went to Pakia/Omapere School, or after it opened in 1909, to Pakanae School. In 1974, the newly built Opononi Area School replaced both. Opononi Area School
3080-427: Was that 63 (29.6%) people were employed full-time, 36 (16.9%) were part-time, and 6 (2.8%) were unemployed. Waipoua Forest contains Opononi and Ōmāpere, and covers 277.86 km (107.28 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 1,310 as of June 2024, with a population density of 4.7 people per km. Waipoua Forest had a population of 1,305 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 90 people (7.4%) since
3136-541: Was the thirty-fourth national census in New Zealand . The population of New Zealand was counted as 4,699,755 – an increase of 457,707 (10.79%) over the 2013 census . Results from the 2018 census were released to the public on 23 September 2019, from the Statistics New Zealand website. The most recent New Zealand census was held in March 2023. The Census Act 1877 required censuses to be held every fifth year and
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