53-679: Kohukohu is a village on the Hokianga Harbour in the Northland Region of New Zealand . It was one of the first European settlements in New Zealand. Kohukohu is situated on the northern shore of the harbour where it splits into two rivers, the Mangamuka River branching inland to the northeast and the Waihou River leading towards the east past Mangungu, Horeke and Rangiahua . Where
106-655: A DBE in 1981 and a member of the Order of New Zealand in 1991. She had returned to Panguru in the Hokianga in 1983. She died there on 26 March 1994 at the age of 98. Bishop Jean Baptiste Pompallier (1802-1871), was the first Roman Catholic bishop in New Zealand. His first mission station was situated at Pūrākau in the Hokianga from 1839 until 1915. He celebrated the first mass on NZ 'terra firma' at Tōtara Point, Hokianga, in 1838. His remains were reinterred in Motuti, Hokianga, in 2002 after
159-437: A health clinic. There are also two churches and three marae within the locality. In recent years, Kohukohu has become a destination for travellers who are attracted by its scenery, history, culture and arts. Statistics New Zealand describes Kohukohu as a rural settlement. It covers 4.26 km (1.64 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 180 as of June 2024, with a population density of 42 people per km. Kohukohu
212-400: A nationwide hīkoi. Opononi became famous throughout New Zealand during 1955 and 1956 due to the exploits of a bottlenose dolphin (nicknamed " Opo "). Opo was a wild dolphin who started following fishing boats around Opononi in early 1955 after her mother had been killed, and would swim daily in the bay close to town. She was originally named "Opononi Jack", based on Pelorus Jack , since she
265-508: A symbolic march – to protest against the loss of Māori land for which she is best remembered. The march, from the northern tip of the North Island to Parliament in Wellington at the other end of the island made her nationally recognised, with her determined figure, no longer strong in body but strong in mana and will, walking at the head of the march from Te Hapua to Wellington. She was made
318-463: A title that failed to endear him to Ngāpuhi. His project collapsed, but it highlighted to the Colonial Service the need to protect against rival European powers. The year after de Thierry arrived, another Frenchman, Bishop Jean Baptiste Pompallier , arrived, with the aim of establishing a Catholic mission. He found the southern shores firmly in the hands of Methodist and Anglican missionaries, but
371-646: A while during the 1970s and 1980s, there was little economic base for the area, and it became a haven for alternative lifestylers . In recent years, however, tourism has been revived in the region. Attractions such as the great kauri trees of the Waipoua Forest (including the country's largest tree, Tane Mahuta ), the historic waterfront villages of Kohukohu and Rawene , cafes, the Horeke basalts , beaches, historic buildings, nature walks, horse trekking, boat trips, and fishing are bringing more visitors every year. In 2002
424-494: Is Māori for a swearword or expletive. The first recorded European to enter the Hokianga Harbour arrived in 1819 and by the 1830s, Kohukohu was the heart of New Zealand's timber industry. The country's first Catholic mass was celebrated 8 kilometres north of Kohukohu at Totara Point in 1838. The Hokianga Sawmill Company built a sawmill in 1878. For nearly one hundred years Kohukohu was an important timber milling town and
477-513: Is a town about 25 km to the north of the north side of the Hokianga harbour, in Northland , New Zealand . Herekino is 21 km to the west, and Mangamuka Bridge is the same distance to the east. The Broadwood area was first settled by Pākehā in the 1880s, and an access road was constructed through the area from Takahue to Motukaraka on the Hokianga harbour. An unmetalled road through
530-535: Is now a historic reserve. Hokianga Harbour The Hokianga is an area surrounding the Hokianga Harbour , also known as the Hokianga River , a long estuarine drowned valley on the west coast in the north of the North Island of New Zealand . The original name, still used by local Māori , is Te Kohanga o Te Tai Tokerau ("the nest of the northern people") or Te Puna o Te Ao Marama ("the wellspring in
583-699: Is part of the larger Kohukohu-Broadwood statistical area . Kohukohu had a population of 180 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 12 people (7.1%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 12 people (7.1%) since the 2013 census . There were 84 males and 96 females in 102 dwellings. 5.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 59.7 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 24 people (13.3%) aged under 15 years, 12 (6.7%) aged 15 to 29, 72 (40.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 69 (38.3%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 78.3% European ( Pākehā ), 43.3% Māori , 3.3% Pasifika , and 3.3% Asian . English
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#1732855218109636-583: The 2013 census . There were 375 males, 360 females and 6 people of other genders in 348 dwellings. 3.7% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 54.8 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 111 people (15.0%) aged under 15 years, 72 (9.8%) aged 15 to 29, 336 (45.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 219 (29.7%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 59.8% European ( Pākehā ), 57.3% Māori , 6.9% Pasifika , 1.6% Asian , and 2.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
689-548: The 2013 census . There were 66 males and 63 females in 63 dwellings. 2.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 52.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 18 people (13.6%) aged under 15 years, 9 (6.8%) aged 15 to 29, 66 (50.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 39 (29.5%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 63.6% European ( Pākehā ), 52.3% Māori , 11.4% Pasifika , 2.3% Asian , and 4.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
742-634: The Māngungu Mission near Horeke where 3000 were waiting. The second signing of the Treaty of Waitangi took place on 12 February 1840. With the appropriate signatures (and a few inappropriate entries) Hobson could immediately claim support from the biggest tribe in the country. While the fate of the country was being signed into history, the axemen of Hokianga scarcely missed a beat. At any one time, as many as 20 ships could be loading Hokianga timber. Whole hillsides, suddenly bared of vegetation, began to slip into
795-572: The Tasman Sea . It is navigable for small craft for much of its length, although there is a bar across the mouth. In its upper reaches the Rangiora Narrows separate the mouths of the Waihou and Mangamuka Rivers from the lower parts of the harbour. 12,000 years ago, the Hokianga was a river valley flanked by steep bush-clad hills. As the last ice age regressed, the dramatic rise in sea level slowly flooded
848-554: The 14th century, the great chief Puhi landed just south of the Bay of Islands . The tribe of Puhi, Ngāpuhi , slowly extended westwards to reach the west coast and to colonise both sides of Hokianga. Māori regard Hokianga as one of the oldest settlements in Aotearoa , and it remains a heartland for the people. Rahiri, the 17th-century founder of the Ngāpuhi iwi , was born at Whiria pā to the south of
901-519: The Government committed $ 1,407,731 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Ngāi Tupoto Marae and 8 other marae of Te Rarawa, creating 100 jobs. The Kohukohu footbridge near the centre of the town is the first stone bridge built in New Zealand, and is the oldest surviving bridge of any construction still in existence in the country. It was built some time between 1843 and 1851 at the mouth of
954-472: The Hokianga. Dame Whina Cooper was born at Te Karaka, Hokianga on 9 December 1895, the daughter of a leader of the Te Rarawa iwi . From an early age she showed an interest in local community affairs and politics, and her flair and abilities led to her becoming the undisputed Māori leader of the northern Hokianga by her mid-30s. In 1949 she moved to Auckland , and by 1951 she was elected first president of
1007-486: The Motukaraka Dairy Factory was carried there by a fleet of about fifty locally-built launches which criss-crossed the harbour daily, creating in the process a service for both passengers and freight. For half a century, the communities on both sides of the harbour were linked internally by sea transport, before improved roads in the 1950s finally displaced this energetic flotilla and the harbour once again divided
1060-558: The Ngāpuhi walking tracks to make their own discovery of Hokianga and its accessible timber resources. Their reports soon reached merchant captains in the Bay of Islands. Captain James Herd of the Providence responded first, and with missionary Thomas Kendall as guide and translator, crossed the bar and entered the harbour in 1822. His was the first European ship to do so, and it sailed away with
1113-568: The Surgeon Superintendent of Rawene Hospital, mounted and armed guards stood at all crossroads to turn back would-be visitors and thus restrict the spread of the disease between settlements. Travellers wishing to enter Hokianga were simply stopped at the boundary. The rule was simple: anyone could leave, but no one could enter. The local epidemic lasted six weeks and a significant number died. Each community attended to its own, and mass burials were commonplace. Few Maori deaths were recorded –
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#17328552181091166-473: The Te Karae Valley to Kohukohu was constructed in 1908. The SA1 statistical area which includes Broadwood covers 80.90 km (31.24 sq mi). The SA1 area is part of the larger Kohukohu-Broadwood statistical area. The SA1 statistical area had a population of 132 in the 2023 New Zealand census , a decrease of 3 people (−2.2%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 12 people (10.0%) since
1219-458: The Waihouuru Creek where it flowed into the Hokianga Harbour. At the time, ships from Sydney used sandstone blocks as ballast, which they left at Kohukohu in exchange for more-valuable timber, and these sandstone blocks were used to build the bridge. When a timber mill opened next to the bridge in 1879 sawdust was used to gradually reclaim the harbour, and the reclamation has buried most of
1272-417: The area north of the Hokianga Harbour between Kohukohu and Broadwood. It has an area of 209.19 km (80.77 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 810 as of June 2024, with a population density of 3.9 people per km . Kohukohu-Broadwood had a population of 738 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 12 people (1.7%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 114 people (18.3%) since
1325-436: The bar at the entrance to the harbour. In 1837, a French adventurer, the self-titled Baron Charles de Thierry , sailed with 60 settlers into this hive of export activity to claim an immense tract of land that he believed he had purchased 15 years earlier in exchange for 36 axes. He was eventually granted about 1,000 acres (4 km ) at Rangiahua where he set up his colony, declaring himself "Sovereign Chief of New Zealand",
1378-443: The bay, although the harbour is a well-regarded area in which to watch smaller dolphins and killer whales . Numerous small islands dot the Hokianga, notably Ruapapaka Island , Motukaraka Island , and To Motu Island , the latter being the site of a former pā . As the Hokianga is a drowned valley, it is the mouth of numerous "tributaries", many of which retain the name river while effectively being bays or inlets. Clockwise from
1431-500: The bridge, which is now about 100 m back from the foreshore. The bridge was registered in 2008 as a Category 1 Historic Place. Today, Kohukohu is a community of 150 people who live within the village and approximately 350 who live in the surrounding area. The smaller settlements of Tauteihiihi, Motukaraka, Pikiparia, Te Karae, Mata, and Paponga are very close by. Kohukohu has a school, general store, café, art galleries, arts and crafts shop, hotel, voluntary fire and ambulance services, and
1484-495: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 15 (13.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 66 (57.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 27 (23.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 26,100, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 36 (31.6%) people were employed full-time, 24 (21.1%) were part-time, and 3 (2.6%) were unemployed. Kohukohu-Broadwood statistical area covers
1537-407: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 30 (19.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 81 (51.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 36 (23.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 23,700, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 9 people (5.8%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1590-410: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 78 (12.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 357 (56.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 168 (26.8%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 24,600, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 18 people (2.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1643-399: The community. By 1914, a rustic telephone system linked some of the Hokianga communities with each other and with the outside world. A government-subsidised, weekly coastal shipping service ran between Onehunga and Hokianga, bringing in freight and taking away butter. The communities of Horeke and Rawene are the second- and third-oldest European settlements in New Zealand. Rawene is still
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1696-403: The first shipment of timber from the Hokianga. His success inspired a strong following—the deforestation of Hokianga had begun and would be complete by the turn of the century. The only disincentive to Hokianga's exploitation was the harbour bar. Of the hundreds of ships that successfully negotiated it, records show that 16 were lost. Most came to grief when leaving fully laden, becoming caught in
1749-606: The first walking tracks were opened at the Wairere Boulders allowing a close inspection of the basalt rocks in the Wairere valley. Hokianga offers varied and interesting accommodation for all styles and budgets for travelers who prefer a quieter holiday than the busier east coast offers. A visit to the Hokianga is to see what New Zealand was like in previous decades with unspoiled landscapes. Three iconic and very different figures in New Zealand history have been closely associated with
1802-420: The harbour divides there is a small island called Motiti which was painted by Augustus Earle , the first European artist to spend several months in New Zealand, during his visit to the Hokianga in 1827. He wrote "we were sailing up a spacious sheet of water, which became considerably wider after entering it; while majestic hills rose on each side .... looking up the river we beheld various headlands stretching into
1855-461: The harbour, choking its tributaries with mud. The relationship between Māori and Pākehā (European) settlers was frequently tense, never more so than during the Dog Tax War of the 1890s, which largely centred around Hokianga. By 1900, the bulk of the forest had sailed over the bar and the little topsoil that remained was turned to dairy farming for butter production. Most of the cream delivered to
1908-529: The harbour, where a monument stands to his memory. In the course of expansion, Ngāpuhi created and maintained over centuries a complex network of walking tracks, many of which evolved into today's roads. More than a dozen pā sites lie close to the Hokianga, among them notably Motukauri Pã, located on a headland at the end of a tombolo between the Motuti River and Whangapapatiki Creek mouths. Wesleyan (and, later, Anglican ) missionaries were guided along
1961-829: The largest commercial centre on the north of the harbour. In 1900, the township had a population of almost 2,000 people. Kohukohu has three marae affiliated with the hapū Te Ihutai : Pateoro or Te Karae Marae and Pōwhiri meeting house which affiliates with Te Rarawa ; Pikipāria Marae and Ngarunui meeting house which affiliates with Ngāpuhi ; and Tauteihiihi Marae and Tokimatahourua meeting house. There are also three marae affiliated with other Te Rarawa hapū: Motuti Marae and Tamatea meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Tamatea , Ngāti Te Maara and Te Kai Tutae . Ngāi Tupoto Marae and Ngāhuia meeting house are affiliated with Ngāi Tūpoto and Ngāti Here . Waiparera Marae and Nukutawhiti meeting house are affiliated with Patutoka , Tahāwai , Te Whānau Pani and Te Hokokeha . In October 2020,
2014-446: The legendary Polynesian navigators and explorers , settled in Hokianga in approximately 925 AD, after their journey of discovery from Hawaiki aboard their waka (canoe) named Matahorua and Tāwhirirangi . When Kupe left the area, he declared that this would be the place of his return, leaving several things behind—including the bailer of his canoe. Later, Kupe's grandson Nukutawhiti returned from Hawaiki to settle in Hokianga. In
2067-549: The most important of the coastal settlements in the Hokianga and is where the base of Hokianga's community owned health services ( Hauora Hokianga) is located, on top of the hill at the Hokianga Hospital. The influenza pandemic reached Hokianga in September 1918, and remote Waiotemarama was one of the first settlements to succumb. A soup kitchen was organised in each community. On the instructions of Dr George McCall Smith ,
2120-503: The mouth of the Hokianga, these include: The area around the harbour is divided in three by the estuary. To the south are the settlements of Waimamaku , Ōmāpere , Opononi , Pakanae , Koutu , Whirinaki , Rawene , Omanaia , Waima , and Taheke ; to the north are Broadwood , Pawarenga , Panguru , Mitimiti , and Rangi Point ; and at the top of the harbour upstream from the narrows are Horeke , Kohukohu , and Mangamuka . According to Te Tai Tokerau tradition, Kupe and Ngāhue ,
2173-451: The new Māori Women's Welfare League. The league's success was largely due to Whina's efforts, and she became well known throughout the country. In 1957 she stepped down as president and the annual conference rewarded her with the title Te Whaea o te Motu ("Mother of the Nation"). Whina Cooper continued to work for the community throughout the 1960s, but it was her 1975 leadership of a hīkoi –
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2226-516: The northern side was ripe for conversion. His remains, recently claimed by Ngāpuhi, lie buried where the mission began. Today the harbour, like the Reformation itself, stands between Protestant and Catholic. The lawyer and naturalist Sir Walter Lawry Buller was born in Hokianga in 1838. Within six days of the Waitangi signing , Governor Hobson , keen to secure full Ngāpuhi support, trekked across to
2279-475: The true impact of the epidemic on Maori is unknown. The first major industry of the region was based around the kauri trees, both logging and the gum, the strong thick resin which came from the trees. After the forests started to thin, dairying and cheese production took over as the mainstay of the economy, but they too fell away after the closure of the Motukaraka Dairy Cooperative in 1953. For
2332-419: The valley turning it into a tidal saltwater harbour with abundant sheltered deep water anchorages. This was the harbour that the explorer Kupe left from, and in 1822 it was home to the first European timber entrepreneurs. southern right whales possibly frequented the bay historically, prior to significant depletion of the species caused by commercial and illegal hunting. Today, large whales are rarely seen in
2385-454: The water and gradually contracting its width, 'till they became fainter and fainter in the distance and all was lost in the azure of the horizon". According to Te Tai Tokerau tradition, the legendary Polynesian explorer Kupe visited the area prior to his return voyage to Hawaiiki . Angry at the food from the Hāngī (earth oven) being insufficiently cooked, he swore at those responsible. Kohukohu
2438-515: The wind shadow cast by South Head, where deep water lay. A temporary lull or change in wind direction could cause a sailing ship to lose steerage way and be swept onto the rocky shore. In 1828, the missionary schooner Herald , built by Henry Williams and sailed by Gilbert Mair , foundered while trying to enter Hokianga Harbour. The last recorded shipwreck involved the schooner Isabella de Fraine , lost with all eight crew in July 1928 after capsizing on
2491-460: The world of light"). The full name of the harbour is Te Hokianga-nui-a-Kupe — "the place of Kupe's great return". The Hokianga is in the Far North District , which is in the Northland Region . The area is 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Whangārei City—and 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Kaikohe —by road. The estuary extends inland for 30 kilometres (19 mi) from
2544-722: Was made law, but on 9 March she was found dead in a rock crevice at Koutu Point. It is suspected that she was killed accidentally by fishermen fishing with gelignite . Her death was reported nationwide, and she was buried with full Māori honours in a special plot next to the town hall. There are composite (years 1–15) schools at Opononi , Panguru and Broadwood . There are also primary schools at Mangamuka , Horeke , Kohukohu , Matihetihe , Omanaia , Pawarenga , Rawene , Waimā , Whirinaki , and Umawera . 35°31′33″S 173°22′43″E / 35.5258°S 173.3786°E / -35.5258; 173.3786 Broadwood, New Zealand#Kohukohu-Broadwood statistical area Broadwood
2597-445: Was presumed to be male. Unlike the majority of dolphins, she had no qualms about human company, and would perform stunts for locals, play with objects like beach balls and beer bottles, and allow children to swim alongside her and make contact. The dolphin became a local celebrity but news of her soon spread, and visitors from throughout the country would come to watch her. On 8 March 1956 official protection for Opo, requested by locals,
2650-411: Was spoken by 97.7%, Māori language by 15.9%, and other languages by 2.3%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). The percentage of people born overseas was 6.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 43.2% Christian , 2.3% Māori religious beliefs , and 2.3% New Age . People who answered that they had no religion were 43.2%, and 6.8% of people did not answer
2703-472: Was spoken by 98.3%, Māori language by 6.7%, Samoan by 1.7% and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 1.7% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 1.7%. The percentage of people born overseas was 20.0, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.7% Christian , 3.3% Māori religious beliefs , and 1.7% Jewish . People who answered that they had no religion were 55.0%, and 6.7% of people did not answer
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#17328552181092756-527: Was spoken by 98.4%, Māori language by 19.1%, and other languages by 4.1%. No language could be spoken by 1.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.8%. The percentage of people born overseas was 12.6, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 36.6% Christian , 0.4% Islam , 8.5% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 1.6% New Age , 0.4% Jewish , and 0.8% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 45.1%, and 7.3% of people did not answer
2809-403: Was that 36 (23.1%) people were employed full-time, 21 (13.5%) were part-time, and 15 (9.6%) were unemployed. Kohukohu School is a co-educational full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 29 students as of August 2024. The school was established in 1883, but moved to a new location in 1972 because the ground on the original site was unstable. The original site with the original school building
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