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61-574: Until around 1910, there was a longstanding division between the southern side of the village, known as Greater Appony ( Nagyappony in Hungarian, Veľké Oponice in Slovak) and traditionally held by the Apponyis , and the northern side or Lesser Appony ( Kisappony , Malé Oponice ), where other families have long been dominant. The Church of St Peter and St Paul marked the boundary between the two sections. The name

122-565: A castle near Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava ) which had been purchased by his grandfather György and which his descendants kept until the dismemberment of the Kingdom of Hungary . Members of this branch are still alive today. György, son of György and grandson of Antal György, was a prominent conservative politician. He was Hungarian chancellor (1846–48) and Speaker of the Hungarian House of Magnates in 1861. Albert, son of György ,

183-522: A grand ceremony on 27 April 1938. She reigned as Queen consort for less than a year, then spent most of her long life in exile. The two brothers Rezső and Gyula Apponyi inherited Lengyel Castle in 1863 from their uncle József Apponyi (1788–1863), third son of Antal György. Rezső took over Lengyel while Gyula stayed in Appony (Oponice). Members of this branch lived in Lengyel until 1930. Rudolf , son of Antal,

244-532: A hill above the village probably already existed in the time of Great Moravia and was acquired by the Apponyis in 1392. In 1645 it was badly damaged by fire and was finally destroyed by the Habsburg army in 1708 after it had been used by Kuruc rebels during Rákóczi's War of Independence . The manor in the village was built in stages from the 16th century onwards and was used as one of the family's many residences from

305-570: A monastery dedicated to Saint Catherine in Dejte (now Dechtice ) in 1618. The monastery, today known as Katarínka , was dissolved in 1786 by Joseph II but its ruined church still stands. Lázár fought at the Siege of Buda (1686) , where his father Miklós Apponyi died. He was personally raised to the hereditary rank of Baron by Charles VI in Vienna on 16 February 1718, for his outstanding military contribution to

366-471: A plaque honors his memory and that of his son György. The Apponyi Library ( Bibliotheca Apponiana ) was created around 1774 by Count Anton György Apponyi in Vienna, who took advantage for its build-up of the abolition of the monasteries by Joseph II. In 1827 it was moved to Pressburg in a dedicated building on Kozia Street, and on to Appony in 1846. It was partly dispersed in stages from the late 19th century to

427-744: A position he held until 1848. He received the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1836. He died in the Apponyi castle on 17 October 1852. Maria Teresa, née Nogarolla in Munich of an old family originally from Verona , married Antal Apponyi in 1808. She impressed diplomats at the Congress of Vienna and gained the nickname la divine Thérèse . Frédéric Chopin dedicated her his Nocturne Op. 27 No. 1 and Op. 27 No. 2 . Lajos, grandson of Antal and son of Gyula Apponyi (1816–1857),

488-664: A school. It was privatized in 1999 and renovated into a luxury hotel, but was embroiled in the troubles of controversial financier Ghaith Pharaon which led to its closing in the 2010s. The Swabian village of Lengyel ("Polish" in Hungarian) in Tolna County was purchased by Count Antal György Apponyi in 1799. The castle was built by Antal György's third son József in 1824–1829 and extensively remodeled from 1878 by Sándor Apponyi . It suffered fire damage in 1905. After Sándor's passing away, his widow Countess Alexandra Esterházy donated

549-645: Is also believed to have composed several pieces for him. In 1795, Antal György Apponyi invited Ludwig van Beethoven to try his hand at a string quartet, an attempt that only materialized a few years later with the Opus 18 quartets published in 1801. From 1784 he rebuilt the castle in the domain his father had purchased in Hőgyész , and spent much of his later life there. György (Georg) Apponyi (1780–1849), eldest son of Antal György, established himself in Eberhárd (now Malinovo ),

610-465: Is an Australian sculptor, born 1949 in a refugee camp near Munich. His father Albert Friedrich Apponyi, who descended from an illegitimate line of the family, was allowed to use the family name after emigrating to Australia. Over the years the Apponyis built or acquired numerous properties in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Vienna. At the peak they had around 30 properties to their name over the empire. Several of these still stand. The Apponyi fortress on

671-536: Is an ancient hillside castle that may have been first built under the Great Moravian Empire and took a high medieval shape in the 13th century. It once belonged to Matthew III Csák , and subsequently to the King's demesne for most of the 14th century. It was granted to the family in 1392 by Sigismund of Luxemburg , following which they took up the Apponyi name. The Apponyis made major alterations and extensions in

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732-532: Is derived from Slovak opona , oponica – "a cover", "a tent", in modern Slovak "a curtain" ( Apon 1218, Opon 1315 – Veľké Oponice, Oponh 1300 – Malé Oponice). The name was probably motivated by a guard camp belonging to the neighbouring castle. It was Apponitz in German and Appony in Hungarian, thus the name of the Apponyi family which retains that spelling even when referred to in Slovak . The village's history

793-541: Is the southern part of the area, which was long ruled by the Apponyi family. Many Apponyis were active in the military, politics, and/or the Catholic Church , as was customary in Hungarian aristocratic families. More distinctive of the Apponyi family was its tradition of Diplomacy for the Kingdom of Hungary then the Habsburg monarchy, and briefly for Interwar Hungary in the significant case of Albert Apponyi. Bibliophilia

854-807: The Revue des deux Mondes in 1913. She devoted herself to philanthropy, together with her husband, especially with the hospital and school in Oponice. Henrik started a diplomatic career, in Berlin (1912–1913) and Istanbul (1913–1914), but that was cut short by World War I and the end of the Habsburg monarchy . He relocated to Oponice in 1918 and dedicated his life to adventurous traveling, particularly in Sudan (1924) and India and Tibet (1930). His travel notes were published in London in 1937 under

915-505: The 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India . In 1940, Dr. V.S. Bhatti proposed the creation of a Sikh nation called 'Sikhistan,' to be led by the Maharaja of Patiala. He envisioned a "Khalistan" where the Maharaja would be aided by a cabinet comprising representatives from various federating units. These units included the central districts of Punjab province directly administered by

976-660: The Compromise of 1867 , however, the use of Hungarian was suppressed in nobility families such as the Apponyis, and German names were more customary. The Apponyis claimed ancestors among the Magyar tribes through the Péc clan . Beyond genealogy , little is known of the family history until the Late Middle Ages . In Miklós's time the family was granted the fortress of Appony (now Oponice ) by King Sigismund in 1392, upon which it took up

1037-817: The Habsburg fights against the Ottoman Empire . Charles VI then made Lázár Count of Nagy-Appony on 30 May 1739 in Laxenburg , and his descendants kept that title until the end of the monarchic period. The family's coat of arms also dates from that moment. József, son of Lázár, joined the Society of Jesus in Vienna in 1736, studied there and in Graz until 1741, then taught grammar in Győr (1742) and Trnava (1743). He later lectured in philosophy, logic, mathematics, physics, theology, and ethics. His Oratio de augustissimo verbi incarnati mysterio

1098-631: The Hungarian name Apponyi Antal refers to the same individual as Anton Apponyi (German), Antoine Apponyi (French), or Antonius Apponyi (Latin) - Latin having remained widely used as a written language in Hungary well into the modern era. English-language historiography generally displays the first given name in Hungarian, but with the family name put last as customary in Europe outside of Hungary, e.g. Antal Apponyi. During Josephinism and its aftermath until around

1159-654: The Maharaja of Patiala in 1930. It was sold in the late 1930s to the Slezák family and was taken over under Czechoslovakia's Communist regime by an agricultural cooperative , which caused considerable degradation to both the building and the Library. It was acquired by a school in 1970 but renovation projects did not come to fruition. In 2007 it was privatized by the Slovak Ministry of Agriculture . The new owners subsequently restored

1220-548: The Order of the Golden Fleece in 1921. He was also well respected by all of the major leaders of the time, such as Theodore Roosevelt who considered him a very dear friend, along with stayed at his estate when he came to visit Budapest in 1910. Upon his death he was also granted the title of prince regent a title which although not hereditary in nature can still be used for state matters and when referring to Albert Apponyi . Clotilde, née von Mensdorff-Pouilly and wife of Albert,

1281-573: The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), with the Maharaja of Patiala as its monarch. The Maharajas of Patiala were Jat Sikhs of the Sidhu clan. The Patiala maharajas are direct descendants of Rawal Jaisal Singh , who founded the Kingdom of Jaisalmer in 1156. The maharajas of Patiala, through Jaisal Singh's ancestor, are direct descendants of Rao Bhatti , a 3rd-century Hindu monarch. Over

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1342-467: The 12th century. It has an 1869 organ donated by Countess Szofia Apponyi. On the southern side is a low building that leads to the crypt of the Apponyi family , where burials were made from the late 18th century to the death of the last resident family member, Count Henrik Apponyi , in 1935. Before 1790, Apponyi family members were buried in nearby monasteries such as Zobor Abbey , but these were dissolved under Joseph II and remains were transferred to

1403-463: The 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. It fell into ruin in the 17th century following fire in 1645. Count Lazar Apponyi moved to the more comfortable Apponyi Castle downhill in the village, which he had started to build. The fortress was last used as a stronghold during Rákóczi's War of Independence ; following the Habsburg victory near Trenčín in August 1708 it was destroyed like many nobility strongholds in

1464-669: The 16th to the early 20th centuries. A major addition was the construction in the mid-19th century of a dedicated new wing to host the Apponyi Library following its transfer from Bratislava . The castle was inhabited by a number of members of the family, including Count Lajos Apponyi (1849-1909) and his two sons, Gyula (1873-1924) and Henrik (1885-1935), the last occupant from the family. Geraldine Apponyi , daughter of Count Gyula also spent part of her childhood there and kept fond memories of it. The castle hosted illustrious visitors, including Theodore Roosevelt in 1910, Josephine Baker , and

1525-557: The Apponyi name. Brothers Péter and Pál were made Barons in June 1606 by King Rudolf in recognition of their fight against the Ottomans . They were signatories of the Peace of Vienna with Stephen Bocskai in the same year. They died without heirs, which meant no sons could carry on the baronial title. Balázs, a cousin of Péter and Pál, inherited the Appony domain after Péter's death. He in turn

1586-600: The British at that time, including Ludhiana , Jalandhar , Ambala , Firozpur , Amritsar , and Lahore . It also encompassed the princely states of the Cis-Sutlej region, including Patiala, Nabha , Faridkot , and Malerkotla , as well as the states in the 'Shimla Group'. After the Partition of India in 1947, a Sikh publication called The Liberator advocated for Khalistan, proposing that it should include East Punjab merged with

1647-789: The Budapest Park Club and of the Budapest Applied Art Society. Marguerite, née von Seherr-Thoss ( de ) from an ancient noble family in Silesia , married Lajos Apponyi in 1871. She was an active manager of the Appony estate and of the family's literary legacy. She ensured the publications of the memoirs of Rezső Apponyi (of the Jablánc line) and of her son Henrik Apponyi. She also had the decades-long correspondence of her mother-in-law Szofia (née Sztáray, wife of Gyula) with Charles de Montalembert edited by François Buloz and published in

1708-528: The Lengyel line; 1802–1853) served as a junior diplomat ( attaché ) in Paris from 1826 to 1850, hired by the Habsburg monarchy's ambassador his distant uncle Antal. Long after his death, his notes from this period, which had been kept in the family library, were edited in Paris by Ernest Daudet at the instigation of Count Lajos Apponyi's wife Marguerite, and published by Plon in four volumes between 1913 and 1926 as Journal du Comte Rodolphe Apponyi . Silvio Apponyi

1769-591: The Oponice church crypt. In 1846, following the closure of the Apponyi Public Library in Bratislava , the monumental coat of arms that had decorated the Library building was transferred and placed above the exterior entrance of that building. In 1910 following the previous year's death of Count Lajos Apponyi , his widow Margarethe had a large memorial plaque added on the side. Apponyi family The House of Apponyi , also known as Apponyi de Nagy-Appony ,

1830-450: The acquisition of seventeen grand domains between 1760 and 1800. In the last century of the Habsburg monarchy , four of its members received the Order of the Golden Fleece , a total held in a draw among the European nobility by the houses of Esterházy , Batthyány , Cziráki  [ de ] and Pálffy (4 each). In addition, Albert Apponyi received the Order in 1921 shortly after

1891-529: The capitals cities of Vienna, Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava) and Budapest, many of which were rented. The Apponyi Palace in Bratislava, built by Count György Apponyi (1736–1782), was sold in 1865 to the municipality of Pressburg. The Palais Apponyi in Vienna was built in 1880 for Marguerite and Lajos Apponyi. Albert Apponyi lived in an old house on Castle Hill in Budapest, now Táncsics Mihály utca 17, where

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1952-499: The castle in 1899. Albert Apponyi lost property of the castle following the Treaty of Trianon. It became an agricultural school in 1923, a function it still serves despite an obvious need for repair. The manor in Jabloncza , inherited by the family in 1772, was remodeled by József Apponyi around the time of his elevation as Count in 1808, possibly to better reflect his new higher status. It

2013-491: The castle in 1926 to the Hungarian National Museum but kept the privilege of living there until her death in 1930. During World War II it was used by Hungary's National Cartography Office , then became a Russian military hospital from January to March 1945, and later that year an internment camp for displaced Germans . It has been an agricultural school since 1946. The Apponyis inhabited various properties in

2074-560: The centuries, some of Jaisal Singh's descendants established themselves in the Punjab region , and Khewa, a descendant of Jaisal Singh, married the daughter of a Jat Sidhu zamindar , whose children were known by their mother's caste. Khewa's descendant was Baba Phul, the common ancestor of the Phulkian dynasty , and Baba Phul's grandson was Ala Singh , the first ruler of Patiala . The maharajas of Patiala claimed to be direct descendants of Yadu ,

2135-455: The collection mentions several other comparable donations, but adds that "Among all these generous, valuable donations, that of Count [Sándor] Apponyi is by far the most important." Maharaja of Patiala The Maharaja of Patiala was the title of the ruler of the princely state of Patiala , in British India . The first ruler of Patiala was Baba Ala Singh (1691 – 1765), who held

2196-456: The elevation of Lázár to Baron in 1718. He was buried in the monastery of Horné Lefantovce . János is said to have joined the Franciscan order as a young nobleman and to have had a vision of Saint Catherine of Alexandria , in 1617 or 1618. Tradition has that he died shortly afterwards, after his family refused to acknowledge his religious vocation. In his memory, Count Kristóf Erdődy founded

2257-423: The end of the monarchy. In addition to this the Apponyi family sat within all Hungarian Kings and then Habsburg private courts which was reserved only for the most powerful and important members of the Kingdom. The family's name refers to Appony, now Oponice , a region located North of Nitra in present-day Slovakia , in which the family established itself in the late 14th century. Nagy-Appony ("Greater Appony")

2318-711: The eve of World War II, and what was left in Apponyi Castle deteriorated during the Communist era . It was restored in the early 21st century and reopened in 2011 as part of the Slovak National Library . Count Sándor Apponyi's extensive collection of books and incunables was kept at Lengyel Castle . This included a collection of Hungary-related prints or Hungarica , and a separate collection of items he called rariora et curiosa , mostly in French, Latin and Italian. Part of

2379-476: The latter collection was specifically dedicated to the history of Verona and the local Nogarol[l]a family from which his grandmother (Antal's wife Teresa) stemmed, including the late medieval humanist Isotta Nogarola . Sándor donated the whole collection to Hungary's National Széchényi Library in 1926. A special law adopted in 1926 by the Hungarian National Assembly to acknowledge the donation of

2440-562: The mid-17th century to 1935. It underwent extensive renovation in 2007–2011 and has since operated as a luxury hotel, branded Chateau-Appony, with the library wing of 1846 again hosting the Apponyi Library. The old castle at Ybrehart (today Malinovo ) was acquired by Count György Apponyi, son of Lázár, in June 1763. It was reconstructed into its current form sometime after 1817 by Count György Apponyi (1780–1849), eldest son of Antal György. It then went to his son György Apponyi who died in

2501-585: The most foremost prince in Punjab . During the British Raj , the Patiala maharajas were entitled to a 17- gun salute and had precedence over all the other princes in Punjab. Yadavindra Singh (1914 – 1974) became the maharaja on 23 March 1938. He was the last independent maharaja, agreeing to the accession of Patiala State into the newly independent Union of India in 1947. On 5 May 1948, he became Rajpramukh of

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2562-443: The museum (whose exact name is Museum of Apponyi and Hunting - Apponyiho Poľovnícke Múzeum ). The museum, which was created in 1993, has collections on the village's history and Apponyi family history, as well as remains from a plane that crashed in the nearby hills during World War II . The village church, dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul , was built in the late 18th century, replacing an earlier building possibly as old as

2623-505: The new Indian state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). The former Patiala royal family has had multiple notable members in post-independence India, including those in politics , diplomacy , the Indian army , and other fields. The title of Maharaja of Patiala and other royal titles were retained by members of the Patiala royal family until they were abolished in India in 1971 through

2684-600: The property between 2007 and 2011, and rebuilt the Apponyi Library . Apponyi Castle is now a luxury hotel, branded Chateau Appony . The Apponyi Museum is in an old manor which was built in the late 16th or early 17th century. It was later bought by the Apponyis . In the Interwar period , Count Henrik Apponyi donated it to the Oponice municipality, in exchange for an exemption from municipal tax. Henrik Apponyi spent much of his time and money on traveling and hunting in exotic locales, and also donated many of his hunting trophies to

2745-453: The region, and permanently abandoned. It was first excavated in 1981 and further in 2002, 2008, and 2015–2016. A thesis in archaeology held in 2019 at Masaryk University in Brno provides an extensive analysis of the Apponyi fortress as well as the Apponyi Castle and the nearby ruined castle of Čeklís near Bernolákovo . Apponyi Castle was built up by the Apponyi family in various phases from

2806-706: The sublease of the Habsburg Embassy in London on Belgrave Square , where the Embassy of Austria remains to this day. Sándor, son of Rezső, started as a diplomat. He left that service in 1876 to devote himself to bibliophilia. He received the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1907. The brothers Pál and János Apponyi (not descendants of Lázár, thus not counts) together inherited the castle in Jablánc (German Jablonitz or Apfelsdorf , formerly also Jabloncza or Jablonicz in Hungarian, now Jablonica in Slovakia) in 1772. In 1784 it

2867-730: The title My big-game hunting diary from India and the Himalayas , with a foreword by the Viscount Halifax whom Henrik had met while in India. The book came out after the deaths of both his mother Marguerite, who had promoted the publication project, and that of Henrik himself. He died in Berlin in unclear circumstances. Geraldine was a granddaughter of Lajos and daughter of Gyula Apponyi (1873–1924) and his American wife Gladys Virginia Steuart (1891–1947). She married King Zog I of Albania in Tirana , in

2928-406: The title of Raja . The second and third rulers, Amar Singh and Sahib Singh , respectively, held the held the title of Raja-e-Rajgan (King of Kings). Karam Singh , the fourth ruler, was the first ruler of Patiala who held the title of Maharaja . By the time of the seventh Maharaja, Rajinder Singh (1876 – 1900), the Maharaja of Patiala was recognized as the leader of the Sikh community and

2989-402: Was a diplomat, initially in Paris and Saint Petersburg where he married in 1843, with Emperor Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna both attending. He later served in Karlsruhe (1847–1849), Turin (1849–1853), Munich (1853–1856), London (1856–1871, from 1860 as Ambassador), and Paris (Ambassador, 1871–1876). He received the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1865. In 1866 he contracted

3050-403: Was a major Hungarian statesman of the conservative Party of Independence and '48 . He is remembered both for his notorious 1907 legislation on the Magyarization of public education in the Kingdom of Hungary , known as Apponyi Law or Lex Apponyi , and for his brilliant (though unsuccessful) defense of Hungarian positions in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. He received

3111-584: Was a prominent advocate of women's rights and women's suffrage , and a delegate for Hungary to the League of Nations in 1935–1937. Antal György Apponyi's second son Antal and his descendants kept custody of the ancestral family property in Oponice, where they lived until 1935. A branch of this family line held the Hőgyész domain until 1939. Antal was a diplomat for the Habsburg monarchy in Karlsruhe ( Grand Duchy of Baden ), Florence ( Grand Duchy of Tuscany ) from 1816 to 1819, and Rome ( Papal States ) from 1820 to 1826. In 1826 he became Ambassador in Paris,

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3172-408: Was a prominent and powerful Hungarian family of the high upper nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary , whose members remained notable even after the kingdom's dismemberment in the successor states of Hungary and Czechoslovakia . While tracing its origins to the High Middle Ages , the family became prominent in the 18th century with its elevation to the rank of Counts of Nagy-Appony in 1739 and

3233-499: Was again remodeled in the late 19th century by Count Antal Apponyi (1852–1920), who inherited it from József's son Rezső Apponyi. After World War I it changed hands several times and eventually went into disrepair. In 2017 it was purchased by a non-profit group that intends to renovate it and convert into a hotel and cultural facility. The Hőgyész domain in Tolna County was acquired in 1722 by Count Claude Florimond de Mercy , and purchased by György Apponyi (son of Lázár) in 1772. It

3294-484: Was another distinguished Apponyi family tradition, the most prominent legacy of which is the Apponyi Library , now a part of the Slovak National Library and still located in the former Apponyi Castle in Oponice. The Apponyis, like other Hungarian magnates , juggled different languages when it came to given names . They were typically bilingual in Hungarian and German and educated in other languages as well, and went by corresponding names depending on context. Thus,

3355-407: Was appointed Marshal of the Court in Hungary ( Hofmarschall in Ungarn ) by Emperor Franz Joseph in December 1895, a newly created position that entailed guardianship of the royal palaces of Budapest and Gödöllő . Among other functions, he represented the monarchy at the ceremonial reburial of King Béla III and Queen Agnes of Antioch in Matthias Church on 21 October 1898. He was a member of

3416-400: Was dominated by disputes between the Apponyi family and the Chapter of Nitra Cathedral in the 15th century, by the widespread adoption of Lutheranism in the 16th century (reversed in the 17th), and then by Ottoman raids especially in 1530-1531 and in the late 16th century. In 1663–1685, a period of Ottoman rule between the fourth Austro-Turkish war and the War of the Holy League , it

3477-403: Was made a Baron by King Ferdinand II , on 12 November 1624, possibly for his literary activity and/or role in negotiations in Vienna with the supporters of Gabriel Bethlen . On 8 January 1636 Ferdinand II appointed him one of his Hungarian royal advisers. He was a distinguished writer of religious poetry in Latin. He died without male heirs, which meant the Apponyi family remained untitled until

3538-547: Was part of the Uyvar Province as an administrative unit of the Nahiye of Nitra . The parish was merged with nearby Kovarce in the early 18th century, and made independent again in 1788. Census data from the 19th century documents that the overwhelming majority of the village's population were Slovaks, the rest being mostly Germans and Hungarians. In 2015, a memorial plaque was dedicated in Oponice in honor of Queen Geraldine of Albania , who grew up in Oponice and retained fond memories of her time there. The Apponyi fortress

3599-435: Was published in Vienna in 1745. He remained a Catholic priest after the Suppression of the Society of Jesus . Antal György (or György Antal), grandson of Lázár and son of György László (Georg Ladislaus) Apponyi (1736–1782), was a major cultural figure who founded the Apponyi Library . Joseph Haydn dedicated him six quartets in 1793 (No. 54 to 59, Op. 71 & 74), since known as "Apponyi Quartets". Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

3660-417: Was rebuilt in the late 18th century by György's son, Count Antal György Apponyi, who spent much of the rest of his life there. The castle later went to Antal George's grandson Károly Apponyi (1805–1890), his son Géza (1853–1927) and the latter's son Károly (1878–1959) who sold it to the Hungarian state in 1939. During and after World War II it became a center for displaced people and military hospital, and later

3721-431: Was reconstructed and went to Pál, while János stayed in Appony (Oponice). After Pál's death it went to his son József (Joseph) Apponyi (1784–1853), who was made a Count by Emperor Francis I in April 1808. Members of this branch stayed in Jablánc until the aftermath of World War I, after which it changed hands . József's son Rezső (more often referred to as Rudolf, sometimes Rudolf II to distinguish him from his relative of

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