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119-400: The stadium is a bowl-shaped facility with its long axis oriented north/south, with both the north and south ends enclosed. The south end has only been enclosed since the 2015-2016 off-season, when it was renovated as part of a $ 160 million project. Visitor seating is in the south end zone and the southern sections of the east side. The student seating sections are in the east stands, surrounding

238-480: A conference championship game to determine the winner of the conference. Between conference games, non-conference games, a conference championship game, and up to two bowl games if ranked among the top four college teams in the country by the College Football Playoff Committee . Only the four Playoff teams are eligible to participate in two bowl games in one postseason instead of a single one for

357-458: A February 2007 radio interview, OU Athletic Director Joe Castiglione said that a new stadium master plan was in development. Castiglione spoke about replacing the press box and expanding the south end zone seating but gave no timetable or other details. In March 2007, the OU Board of Regents approved an Athletic Department request for $ 10.3 million to replace the displays and the sound systems of both

476-849: A Playoff semifinal game. The theoretical 16th game has only been possible since the beginning of the College Football Playoff era in the 2014 season . Furthermore, the College Football Playoff will expand to 12 teams instead of 4 starting in the 2024 season, and, with its new bracket format, means that a team could potentially play in up to 18 games. For non-conference regular season games, FBS teams are free to schedule match-ups against any other FBS team, regardless of conference. A small number of FBS teams are independent , and have total control over their own schedule. Non-conference games are scheduled by mutual agreement and often involve "home and homes" (where teams alternate as hosts ) and long-established rivalries . A 2014 study found that teams from

595-541: A cloudy, dusty walk into the student and visitor seating sections. Restrooms were old and inadequate; paint was peeling off external walls and the areas under the stands (the east side in particular) were dark and smelled like dust. Plans began in 1997 to upgrade most athletic department facilities, beginning with a five-year fundraising campaign. Then, unexpectedly, the Sooners won the BCS National Championship for

714-777: A conference championship. The FBS currently has ten conferences, which are often divided into the " Power Four conferences " – which consist of the most prestigious schools and enjoy a certain amount of autonomy from NCAA rules – and the less prominent " Group of Five ". Although FCS programs can draw thousands of fans per game, many FCS schools attempt to join the FBS in hopes of increased revenue, corporate sponsorship, alumni donations, prestige, and national exposure. However, FBS programs also face increased expenses in regards to staff salaries, facility improvements, and scholarships. The athletic departments of many FBS schools lose money every year, and these athletic departments must rely on subsidies from

833-423: A lounge and a new press box, for a total capacity of 71,187 fans at a cost of about $ 5.7 million. Improved south end zone seating, including new coaches' offices and training facilities, was added in 1980 and the old turf was replaced with Superturf in 1981. The new turf was more or less a necessity; the old surface had literally become threadbare. With a few exceptions, these changes took place during or shortly after

952-723: A mural in the Barry Switzer Center in December 1998, and updated the mural to include later accomplishments in 2002, 2005 and 2009. Subjects included: Legendary coaches Heisman Trophy Winners Other National Award Winners College Football Hall of Fame Three-Time All-Americans Four-Time All-Conference Statistical Leaders Special Sooners NCAA Record 47-Game Win Streak Split-T Option Wishbone Triggermen Special National Championships In

1071-691: A network that airs its home games. In the mid-2000s, college and conferences began to create their own television networks; such networks include the Big Ten Network , BYUtv , the Longhorn Network (which was folded into the SEC Network in 2024), and the Pac-12 Network . In 2012, college football games drew over 400 million viewers. The Big Ten (then popularly known as the Western Conference)

1190-659: A new building to house the College of Journalism.) Rock band U2 performed a sold-out show at the stadium as a part of the 360° Tour on 18 October 2009. The Barry Switzer Center housed football offices, the football locker room, equipment room, the Siegfried Strength and Conditioning Complex, the Freede Sports Medicine Facility and the Touchdown Club Legends Lobby. The Center was located at

1309-455: A scheduling agreement with that conference that calls for the Fighting Irish football team to play five games each season against ACC schools, and to play each other ACC school at least once every three years. Finally, in 2015, Navy became a football-only member of The American, ending more than a century of football independence. Realignment continued at a lower level through the rest of

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1428-411: A semifinal bowl game, and in the national championship game could theoretically play 16 games in a season instead of the 15 games you would have to play with the same scenario. No team has played a 16th game in one season, due to the unlikelihood and very low chances of a team playing Hawaii at some point, finishing the season ranked in the top four, opting in to a 13th regular season game, and then winning

1547-654: A transition are Delaware and Missouri State , which began their transitions in 2024 and will join CUSA in 2025. The next school scheduled to complete an FBS transition is Kennesaw State University , which started its transition in 2023 ahead of its 2024 move to Conference USA. The following table shows revenue for each conference reported by the Knight Commission for the 2021–22 academic year. Note: Values from some universities are not reported here. The only conferences made up entirely of state-supported universities are

1666-581: A varsity sport. In order to retain FBS membership, schools must meet several requirements. Before 2023, FBS schools had to average at least 15,000 home attendance (over a rolling two-year period). An FBS school must sponsor a minimum of 16 varsity intercollegiate teams (including football), with at least six men's or coeducational teams and at least eight all-female teams. Across all sports, each FBS school must offer at least 200 athletic scholarships (or spend at least $ 4 million on athletic scholarships) per year, and FBS football teams must provide at least 90% of

1785-423: The 2000 season . The university began to get more freshman applications than it could house due in large part to the football team's success. Along with other campus improvements such as more and better student housing, the refurbishment and expansion plan for the stadium was accelerated to be ready by the beginning of the 2003 season. In 2002, every seat in the stadium was replaced and the north end zone scoreboard

1904-884: The AP National Championship Trophy , while the American Football Coaches Association awards the AFCA National Championship Trophy . The AFCA trophy was previously awarded to the winner of the BCS National Championship Game (a predecessor of the College Football Playoff National Championship game), which operated from 1999 to 2014. The Football Writers Association of America awarded the Grantland Rice Trophy until after

2023-693: The Big East to the ACC. The Big East responded by adding schools from Conference USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment in the first half of the 2010s. Members of the Big East left the conference to join the Big 12 and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of

2142-749: The Bowl Coalition in order to determine the FBS champion. In 1998, the two remaining major conferences joined with the other five conferences to form the Bowl Championship Series . The BCS used a rankings system to match up the top two teams in the BCS National Championship Game . However, even the BCS era saw split national championships , as in 2003 the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll selected different national champions. The College Football Playoff replaced

2261-684: The Great Midwest Conference , two conferences which had not sponsored football. The Big West stopped sponsoring football after the 2000 season, and was essentially replaced by the Sun Belt Conference , which added former Big West members and began sponsoring football in 2001. In the mid-2000s, the Big East added former basketball-only member Connecticut, while Temple left the conference (before eventually returning in 2013). During another phase of realignment in 2005 , three schools jumped from

2380-580: The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade . The band debuted a new uniform coat during the parade, and returned to Oklahoma in time to support the Sooners against the Oklahoma State Cowboys on November 24. Debra Traficante, a former Graduate Assistant at the University of Oklahoma, became Assistant Director in 2010. As of January 1, 2013, Dr. Debra Traficante assumed the title and position of Interim Director of

2499-559: The Mid-American Conference . Most recently, UConn went independent in 2020 when the school left The American to rejoin many of its historic basketball rivals in the current Big East Conference. Notre Dame competed under a full ACC schedule only also in 2020 in response to logistical concerns that arose from the effects of COVID-19 . The most recent realignment is currently ongoing , with the majority of conference changes in this cycle taking place in 2023 and 2024. It started with

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2618-754: The National Football Foundation established the College Football Hall of Fame . Notable individual awards include: The NCAA does not officially name a national champion, but several other organizations name national champions and all conferences participate in the College Football Playoff in order to determine a champion. The winner of the College Football Playoff receives the College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy . The AP awards

2737-570: The Pop-Tarts Bowl provides a match-up between teams from ACC and the Big 12 . A small number of long-established bowls played a major role in the Bowl Championship Series , which was used to select the national champion until the 2013 season, and these bowls continue to play a major role in the College Football Playoff . Under the playoff, there are six major bowls, known as the New Year's Six, which host

2856-471: The Rose Bowl . First, access to the three outdoor football practice fields, which are behind the south end zone seats, would have been restricted by completely enclosing the south end of the stadium. Secondly, any enclosure would have forced the baseball field, which shared its outfield with the practice fields until 1982, to shorten its left field line considerably. More permanent seating was added, this time to

2975-538: The Western Athletic Conference discontinued football sponsorship prior to the 2013 season , there have been ten conferences in the FBS. Through the 2023 season, all of the FBS conferences have between ten and fourteen members, although independent Notre Dame has a scheduling agreement with the fourteen-member ACC. The ten conferences are split into two groups for the purposes of the College Football Playoff . The " Power Four conferences " consist of most of

3094-492: The Western Athletic Conference . The Mountain West lost schools to the Big 12, Pac-12, and the FBS independent ranks, and added several schools from the WAC. After several defections, leaving the conference with only two football-sponsoring schools remaining, the WAC dropped its sponsorship of football. The early-2010s realignment cycle also affected the FBS independent ranks. BYU left

3213-522: The forward pass was legal. The IAAUS had formed after President Theodore Roosevelt , responding to several deaths that had occurred during football games, requested that colleges find ways to make football a safer sport. In 1935, the Heisman Trophy was presented for the first time; the award is generally considered to be college football's most prestigious individual award. In 1965, the NCAA voted to allow

3332-419: The platoon system , in which different players played on offense and defense; teams had previously experimented with the concept in the 1940s. In 1968, the NCAA began allowing freshmen to compete in games; freshmen had previously been required to take a redshirt year. In 1975, after a growth of "grants-in-aid" (scholarships given for athletic rather than academic or need-based reasons), the NCAA voted to limit

3451-449: The stronger conferences frequently play non-conference games against teams from the weaker conferences or, occasionally, against FCS teams . FBS teams are free to schedule up to forty percent of their games against FCS teams, but FBS teams can only use one win per season against an FCS team for the purposes of bowl eligibility . Additionally, the FCS opponent must have averaged at least 80% of

3570-479: The "home game" requirement. FBS–FCS games, known as "money games", are often home games for the FBS team, and victories by FCS teams are considered to be upsets . FCS teams receive hundreds of thousands of dollars for their participation in these FBS–FCS games. The Football Bowl Subdivision gets its name from the bowl games that many FBS teams play at the end of the year, although other college divisions also have their own bowl games . FBS bowl games are played at

3689-637: The 1949 north end zone expansion, was restored in 2000. A new war memorial, listing the names of Sooners killed while serving in the U.S. armed forces, was placed next to the reflecting pool in 2003. The basketball coaches' offices are located in the Lloyd Noble Center , but the rest of the OU athletic coaches' offices, the Athletic Director's office, and the OU Athletics administrators' offices are located in

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3808-473: The 1982 season, while the Missouri Valley Conference stopped sponsoring football prior to the 1985 season. In 1991, the Big East recruited several independents and began sponsoring football, becoming a major conference. In 1996, Conference USA (CUSA), formed the previous year by the merger of the non-football Metro and Great Midwest Conferences, also began sponsoring football. That same year,

3927-543: The 2010s and into the early 2020s. Georgia Southern joined the Sun Belt Conference upon transitioning to the FBS level in 2014. The Eagles won the Sun Belt Conference championship outright in their first year as an FBS member. The 2016 season saw FCS Coastal Carolina join the Sun Belt Conference for non-football sports while beginning a transition to FBS football; the football team joined the Sun Belt in 2017. That season

4046-489: The 2013 season, and the National Football Foundation awards the MacArthur Bowl . Since the disputed end of the 2003 season , the various organizations have been able to agree on a single national champion. Many of the school names on the maps below are abbreviated in order to save space. The following is a list of such abbreviations along with each school's full name: In addition to the list of FBS football programs in

4165-506: The 2024 season, the only FBS conference that uses divisions is the SBC. The American, the Big 12, and CUSA all previously utilized division systems before abandoning them after losing some of their member schools to realignment: UConn left The American in July 2020, and Marshall , Old Dominion , and Southern Miss left CUSA in July 2022, leaving both those conferences with an odd number of members, while

4284-480: The 2nd year of two-year transition process. Due to that, JMU tried to become bowl eligible in 2023, but the NCAA refused it. However, when only 79 non-transitional FBS teams were available to fill the 82 FBS bowl slots for that season, JMU, which had finished its regular season with an 11–1 record, was allowed to fill one of the vacant slots. On July 1, 2023, two outgoing FCS teams Jacksonville State and Sam Houston joined CUSA. The most recent schools to start such

4403-440: The 350-member Pride of Oklahoma band which sits in section 29, between the 20- and 35-yard lines. The Sooners' bench was once located on the east side with the students, but the home bench was moved to the west side in the mid-1990s. The first game played at the current stadium site was in 1923, with the Sooners prevailing over Washington University 62–7. Originally, seating consisted of an approximately 500-seat bleacher area on

4522-416: The 75-year-old stadium was showing its age. Aside from the turf and lighting enhancements, the last substantial upgrade to the stadium had been the construction of the press box in 1975. The OU College of Architecture was housed under the west stands and in the north end zone, until other facilities became available in 1990. The east stands still had the original dirt flooring underneath the stands, making for

4641-846: The ACC and MW announcing similar intentions for 2023, and the Big Ten, MAC, and SEC doing the same for 2024. Since the 2018 season , all conferences have held a championship game that determines the conference champion. The Sun Belt was the last conference to launch a championship game, as well as the most recent to split into divisions for football, with both the title game and the divisional alignment debuting in 2018. That conference chose to form football divisions despite having only 10 football members; it has since expanded to 14 members while maintaining its divisional alignment. AAC (unofficial) Sun Belt (unofficial) † "Big Four" or " Power Four " conferences that enjoy "autonomy status" under NCAA rules Georgia Southern University in Statesboro, Georgia joined

4760-530: The ACC, and Army left the independent ranks to become a football-only member of The American. 2025 will also see two new teams transition from FCS to FBS as Delaware and Missouri State will join CUSA, respectively from CAA Football and the Missouri Valley Football Conference , and also the departure of UMass from the independent ranks to become a full member of the MAC. In September 2024,

4879-588: The BCS starting with the 2014 season; it featured four teams through the 2023 season, after which it expanded to 12 teams. Since 2021, when the Supreme Court unanimously held in NCAA v. Alston that restrictions on name, image, and likeness compensation violated antitrust law , FBS football players have been able to make money from sources other than college scholarships. However, there remains no unified system to provide players with such compensation. College football

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4998-456: The Big 12 has not used divisions since the early-2010s conference realignment left it with 10 members. The Pac-12, however, chose to abandon divisions entirely as a result of the NCAA Division I Council ruling that conferences would no longer be required to maintain divisions in order to hold a conference championship. It was the first conference to entirely abandon divisions due to this, with

5117-427: The Big 12, which also added former football independent BYU. In 2024, Oklahoma and Texas joined the SEC, while 10 of the 12 members of the Pac-12 left for other power conferences— UCLA , USC , Oregon, and Washington for the Big Ten; Arizona, Arizona State, Colorado, and Utah for the Big 12; and California and Stanford for the ACC. In addition, Kennesaw State upgraded to FBS and joined CUSA, SMU left The American for

5236-535: The Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference ("The American") and a new conference that assumed the Big East name but does not sponsor football. The American added several schools from CUSA, but lost one school each to the ACC and Big Ten after its first season. In turn, CUSA added FCS schools and schools from the Sun Belt Conference . The Sun Belt Conference replenished its membership by adding FCS schools and schools from

5355-505: The FBS. Although all college football players are eligible for many of these awards (such as the Heisman Trophy ), FBS players usually win these awards, and other awards (such as the Walter Payton Award ) exist to honor players in other divisions and the FCS. In addition to the national awards listed below, FBS conferences also have their own awards, and several organizations release a yearly College Football All-America Team . In 1951,

5474-399: The FCS limit of 63 scholarship equivalents over a rolling two-year period. (Before the 2022 season, this limit had been 90%. ) An FBS team must schedule a total of five home games per year; for the purposes of scheduling, a "home game" must take place at a venue in which the team plays 50% of its "home games", although a team is allowed to count one neutral-site game against an FBS team toward

5593-595: The FCS. In the 1996 NCAA conference realignment , the Southwest Conference dissolved, and four Texas teams from that conference joined with the Big 8 schools to form the Big 12 Conference . The Western Athletic Conference expanded to sixteen members, but half of the schools left in 1999 to form the Mountain West Conference . Conference USA (CUSA) formed from a merger of the Metro Conference and

5712-667: The MAC and SBC. The FBS has experienced several realignments since its formation in 1978, with many teams changing conferences, dropping out of the FBS, or moving up from the FCS. In 1982, the size of the division was cut considerably, and the Southern Conference and the Ivy League were demoted to the FCS. In 1985, the Missouri Valley Conference stopped sponsoring football. In the 1980s and 1990s, several independents joined conferences, dropped football, or joined

5831-460: The MW in 2011 for football independence and the non-football West Coast Conference . In 2013, Idaho and New Mexico State , the last two football-sponsoring schools in the WAC, became FBS independents, but would return to their former football home of the Sun Belt Conference as football-only members the following year. Also in 2013, Notre Dame became a full but non-football member of the ACC, entering into

5950-988: The Mountain States Conference and the Border Conference formed the Western Athletic Conference. In 1969, the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (PCAA), later known as the Big West Conference , was formed by several Division II California schools that sought to join Division I. Division I separated into Division I-A (the predecessor to the FBS) and I-AA (predecessor of the FCS ) prior to the 1978 season . At that time, there were several independent I-A schools and twelve Division I-A conferences:

6069-481: The NCAA and allowed teams to televise all of their games. After a period during which FBS schools negotiated collectively under the College Football Association , Notre Dame's 1991 television contract ushered in an era in which schools and conferences negotiate their own television contracts. This new era of television led to several waves of conference realignment, most notably in 1996 , 2005 , and

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6188-492: The NCAA does not officially award an FBS football national championship , nor does it sanction a playoff tournament to determine such a champion on the field. As the College Football Playoff did not exist until 2014, organizations such as the Associated Press and AFCA have historically sought to rank the teams and crown a national champion, by taking a vote of sports writers and coaches, respectively. Various cities across

6307-530: The Pac-12 started a rebuilding process by raiding the Mountain West Conference, with five MW members ( Boise State , Colorado State , Fresno State , San Diego State , and Utah State ) set to join the Pac-12 in 2026. The MW first responded by announcing that UTEP would join from CUSA in 2026, soon followed by Hawaiʻi upgrading its MW membership from football-only to all-sports in 2026. Several awards are given each year to players and coaches in

6426-525: The Playoff. The decades preceding the advent of the Playoff also included attempts by the premier FBS conferences and bowl games to attempt to organize matchups so that the FBS national championship was decided on the field, such as the Bowl Coalition from 1992 to 1994, the Bowl Alliance from 1995 to 1997, and the Bowl Championship Series from 1998 to 2013. The FBS is the highest level of college football in

6545-717: The Pride of Oklahoma, following Brian Britt's announcement that he would be taking the position of Director of Fine Arts for Richardson Independent School District in Richardson, TX. Dr. Justin Stolarik was named the Director of the Pride of Oklahoma for the 2013 season after serving on staff for the University of Wisconsin Marching Band . On October 23, 2014, Justin Stolarik resigned as director of

6664-493: The Pride to emphasize technique and sound – but not at the expense of the overriding goal to support the Sooners. During the 1983 Bedlam game at Oklahoma State in Stillwater , the Sooners fell behind 20-3 early in the 4th quarter. Stillwater police took Thrailkill off the field for not having a sideline pass. Incensed, Thrailkill told the Pride to "start playing and don't stop until we're ahead!" The band complied, and played " Boomer Sooner " non-stop – and after roughly 300 times,

6783-438: The Pride. Upon his resignation Boren invited former director Brian Britt to return to the position, Britt will also be associate dean of the Weitzenhoffer College of Fine Arts . In attendance at all home and away football games, the Pride performs a variety of music. Division I-A The NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ), formerly known as Division I-A , is the highest level of college football in

6902-407: The Sooners were ahead 21-20. Barry Switzer and the Sooners awarded the Pride the game ball, and labeled it "The Day The Pride Won" as proof. In 1987, the Pride was awarded the prestigious Sudler Trophy , the equivalent of the Heisman Trophy for university bands and an award no band may be awarded twice. As of 2006, the Sudler Trophy has been awarded 25 times; the Pride was the sixth recipient of

7021-415: The Sooners' national championship seasons of 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, and 1975 – all high times for Sooner sports. Up until the 1980s, the NCAA had a tight grip on television contracts for Division I-A college football games. Compared to the current plethora of college football games on television, only two (on rare occasions, three) college football games were televised each week and the schedule of games

7140-409: The Southeastern Conference (SEC), Big Ten, Pacific-10 (Pac-10), Big 8 , Southwest Conference (SWC), Western Athletic Conference (WAC), PCAA (which later changed its name to the Big West), Missouri Valley Conference , Southern Conference , Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), Mid-American Conference (MAC), and the Ivy League . The Ivy League and the Southern Conference left for Division I-AA prior to

7259-400: The Southwest Conference dissolved, and four of its former members joined with the Big 8 to form the Big 12 Conference. In 1999, eight schools broke away from the WAC to form the Mountain West Conference (MW). Prior to the 2000 season, the Big West stopped sponsoring football. The Sun Belt Conference (SBC) began sponsoring football in 2001. After periods of conference realignment in 2005 and

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7378-424: The Sun Belt Conference upon transitioning to the FBS level in 2014. Prior to joining the Sun Belt, GASOU won six FCS (I-AA) national championships and have produced two Walter Payton Award winners. The Eagles first continuously fielded a football team in 1924; however, play was suspended for World War II and revived in 1981. The Eagles competed as an FCS independent from 1984 until 1992 as the Eagles' main conference at

7497-433: The United States have created their own postseason contests, called bowl games , in which they traditionally invite teams to participate. Historically, these bowl games were mostly considered to be exhibition games involving a payout to participating teams. However, in the modern era, some of the bowls serve as semifinal games of the Playoff and the remainder constitute the de facto postseason for teams that fail to qualify for

7616-541: The United States, and FBS players make up the vast majority of the players picked in the NFL Draft . For every sport but football, the NCAA divides schools into three major divisions: Divisions I , II , and III . However, in football , Division I is further divided into two sub-divisions: the Bowl Subdivision, abbreviated as the FBS, and the Championship Subdivision , abbreviated as the FCS. Divisions are themselves further divided up into conferences , which are groupings of schools that play each other in contention for

7735-422: The United States. The FBS consists of the largest schools in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). As of the 2024 season, there are 10 conferences and 134 schools in FBS. College football is one of the most popular spectator sports throughout much of the United States. The top schools generate tens of millions of dollars in yearly revenue. Top FBS teams draw tens of thousands of fans to games, and

7854-406: The University of Oklahoma , 468 U.S. 85 (1984)). The Supreme Court upheld the original trial decision, confirming that the NCAA's television plan indeed violated the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts. Less than two years later, the Sooners and the rest of Division I-A were playing seven to ten games each season on television. This presented a new problem for both the Sooners and Owen Field. At

7973-461: The addition of red uniform tops, different pant styles, and updating the OU logo. Mr. Britt implemented a student leadership program with an emphasis on mentoring students by holding leadership retreats, regular meals with students, and asking for student input in planning future shows. On November 22, 2007, six days after Oklahoma marked 100 years as an American state, the Pride made its first trip to New York City to be Oklahoma's representative in

8092-569: The all-sports Colonial Athletic Association (CAA), barred the Dukes from competing in or hosting team championships in any sport for that conference during the 2021–22 season according to then-current CAA bylaws. (The CAA football league, branded as CAA Football , is technically a separate entity from the all-sports CAA.) However, the Dukes were eligible for at-large bids to all NCAA team championships in 2021–22. By meeting FBS scheduling requirements in 2022, JMU played an FBS schedule in year one of their transition process, which normally only occurs in

8211-669: The announcements by Oklahoma and Texas that they would leave the Big 12 for the SEC no later than 2025. The Big 12 and its departing members later announced a 2024 departure date. The first actual conference changes came in 2022, with the Sun Belt gaining Marshall , returning Old Dominion , and Southern Miss from CUSA, and FCS upgrader James Madison . The following year saw CUSA add Jacksonville State , Sam Houston (both from FCS), New Mexico State and Liberty (FBS independents) but lose Charlotte , Florida Atlantic , North Texas , Rice , UAB , and UTSA to The American. In turn, The American lost Cincinnati , Houston , and UCF to

8330-590: The annual spending requirement rises to $ 6 million. Also starting in 2027–28, FBS programs must not only provide at least 90% of the required number of football scholarships, but must provide at least 90% of the maximum number of scholarships across a total of 16 sports, including football. The FBS season begins in late August or early September and ends in January with the College Football Playoff National Championship game. Most FBS teams play 12 regular season games per year, with eight or nine of those games coming against conference opponents. All ten FBS conferences hold

8449-413: The award. Thrailkill also introduced the current pre-game show, which has been used continuously in one form or another for over 35 years. In 2011, Bleacher Report ranked the Pride's pre-game show the third best pre-game show in college football. Upon Thrailkill's retirement in 2001, Brian Britt was named Director of the Pride of Oklahoma. Mr. Britt, himself a graduate of the University of Oklahoma,

8568-584: The best team in the country, and the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll began rankings teams in the middle of the 20th century. In many seasons, selectors such as the AP and the Coaches Poll designated different teams as national champions. Often, more than one team would finish undefeated , as the top teams were not guaranteed to play each other during the regular season or in bowl games. In 1992, five major conferences established

8687-515: The condition of the Superturf field had deteriorated to the point it was almost unplayable. The turf's poor condition is widely believed to have contributed to a crash of the Sooner Schooner during a 1993 game against Colorado . The return to natural grass in 1994 and the lighting and scoreboard installation in 1997 would be the only major improvements to the stadium for nearly 20 years. By 1999,

8806-481: The early 2010s that saw the expansion of the ACC, Big Ten, SEC, and Pac-10 (which changed its name to the Pac-12), the WAC reorganized as a non-football conference and the Big East split into the American Athletic Conference and a new non-football conference that retained the Big East name. Most of the 134 FBS schools are members of an FBS conference, but there are also a small number of independent schools . Since

8925-405: The early 2010s . FBS games continue to be a major draw on television, as over 26 million people watched the 2014 BCS National Championship Game . National networks such as CBS, ABC, NBC, several ESPN networks, and several Fox networks have all covered the FBS, as have several regional and local networks. As conferences negotiate their own television deals, each conference is affiliated with

9044-414: The east side, in 1929. In 1949, the north end of the stadium was enclosed, the playing area was lowered six feet with the elimination of the running track around the field. This created a 55,000-seat "horseshoe," and the addition of south end bleachers in 1957 brought capacity to just under 61,836 fans. AstroTurf replaced the natural grass field in 1970. The west side upper deck was added in 1975, featuring

9163-464: The east side, which increased the capacity of the stadium to 83,469. The renovation, led by architecture firms 360 Architecture and HOK Sport (now Populous ), cost $ 54 million. The north and west entries were renovated to match the Cherokee Gothic look of most campus buildings, and other cosmetic enhancements were made to the press box. A reflecting pool just north of the stadium, filled in during

9282-403: The east side. The first permanent seating wasn't built until 1925, when 16,000 seats were built on the west side of the site–corresponding to the lower level of the current facility's west grandstands. However, OU reckons 1923 as the stadium's opening date. The new stadium was named "Oklahoma Memorial Stadium" in honor of university students and personnel that died during World War I . The facility

9401-437: The end of the season in December or January, and collectively generate over $ 400 million per year as of 2012. For the 2017–18 bowl season , there were 40 bowl games . In order to be bowl eligible , an FBS team must have a winning record. In certain cases – usually if not enough teams have winning records – 5–7 and 6–7 teams can also be selected to bowls. Many bowls have an established conference tie-in; for example,

9520-424: The fifteen largest American stadiums by capacity all host FBS teams or games. Since July 1, 2021, college athletes have been able to receive payments for the use of their name, image, and likeness . Prior to this date colleges were only allowed to provide players with non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Unlike other NCAA divisions and subdivisions,

9639-515: The first team ever to go unbeaten in conference play in their first FBS season. Since the Eagles were under transitional status, the university filed for a postseason waiver to allow the Eagles to play in a bowl game; however, the NCAA denied Georgia Southern's waiver request and a subsequent appeal since enough full member FBS teams became bowl-eligible during the season. Liberty University began its FBS transition process on July 1, 2017. The NCAA granted

9758-485: The game and the organizational structure of college football have evolved significantly during that time. The first college football game was played in 1869, but the game continued to develop during the late 19th and early 20th century. During this period, Walter Camp pioneered the concept of a line of scrimmage , the system of downs , and the College Football All-America Team . The 1902 Rose Bowl

9877-509: The grand prize as the best overall unit in the 200-unit 1961 National Cherry Blossom Festival Parade held in Washington, D.C. Since the 1950s, the Pride has been under the leadership of several different band directors and with those directors came different styles. The 1960s saw band director Gene Braught bring a style of precision marching filled with intricate routines creating geometric shapes and lines. Gene "Coach" Thrailkill transitioned

9996-464: The largest and best-known college athletic programs in the country. A school from one of the power conferences (including the Pac-12, which was a power conference prior to 2024) won every BCS National Championship Game (which operated from 1999 to 2014), and has won every College Football Playoff National Championship . The remaining five conferences are known as the " Group of Five ". Any conference may split its teams into two divisions; however, as of

10115-451: The leasing costs cut into the university's revenue, and often the four or five portable light trucks stayed on campus for weeks in anticipation of the next televised game. True night games were difficult to play in Norman because of the amount of portable lighting needed to illuminate the field adequately for spectators to see the players, much less the light required for television. Prior to 1982,

10234-560: The maximum number of football scholarships (which is currently 85). In October 2023, the NCAA announced major changes to FBS membership requirements. The average home attendance requirement, which had largely gone unenforced in the 21st century and was suspended in 2020 due to COVID-19 impacts, was permanently eliminated, effective immediately. Effective in 2027–28, minimums on both the total number of, and spending on, athletic scholarships in all FBS programs will be enforced. The number of required athletic scholarships will increase to 210, and

10353-525: The non-football ASUN Conference in 2018. Conference USA (CUSA) eventually announced in November 2021 Liberty's future addition to that conference, with Flames football moving to CUSA starting in the 2023 season. Three schools began FBS transitions on July 1, 2022. James Madison University joined the Sun Belt after meeting the NCAA minimum of five FBS opponents at its home stadium, as required and scheduled. This happened after James Madison's FCS conference,

10472-475: The north end of the stadium in the McClendon Center. $ 12 million toward the $ 75 million cost of the stadium project was donated by Christy Gaylord Everest , then publisher of The Oklahoman and daughter of Edward K. Gaylord , in 2002. The stadium was renamed to its current name in honor of this gift. (The Gaylords donated a total of $ 50 million to the university around this time, including $ 22 million for

10591-533: The number of athletic scholarships each school could offer. In 1968, the NCAA required all teams to identify as members of either the University Division (for larger schools) or the College Division (for smaller schools), and in 1973, the NCAA divided into three divisions. At the urging of several larger schools seeking increased autonomy and commonality, Division I-A was formed prior to the 1978 season ;

10710-447: The project. On March 10, 2015, the University of Oklahoma board of regents approved the initial construction of "Phase 1" to renovate Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium. The renovation is expected to cost approximately $ 160 million and anticipated completion is just prior to the start of the 2016 football season. Due to uncertain economic conditions, the board of regents decided to start with "Phase 1" (which will focus primarily on

10829-614: The quarterfinal and semifinal games prior to the College Football Playoff National Championship game. Conferences receive millions of dollars for each school that appears in the playoff, and appearances in other bowls are also quite lucrative. In addition to the regular bowls, some postseason bowls, such as the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl , match up teams of all-stars and NFL Draft entrants. College football has been played for over one hundred years, but

10948-431: The record for the world's longest drum roll. Ten hours later, it was successful. Wehrend was one of the first directors to admit women into a band program, in 1934. With the success of the football program in the 1950s, so increased the visibility of the Pride. Their halftime programs, centered on themes that would incorporate well-known songs of the day, were soon being broadcast on television during games. They received

11067-610: The remaining schools formed the Missouri Valley Conference. In 1932, several Southern schools formed the SEC after breaking away from the Southern Conference, and in 1953 several more schools seceded from the Southern Conference to form the ACC. In 1946, several Midwestern schools formed the MAC. Several elite Northeastern schools had formed the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League in 1901, and its members (plus Brown University , not an EIBL member at

11186-571: The remaining teams in Division I formed the Football Championship Subdivision or FCS (then known as Division I-AA). In 1981, members of the College Football Association attempted to create a fourth division consisting solely of the most competitive schools, but this effort was defeated. In the 1992 season , the SEC split into divisions and played the first FBS conference championship game . The Big 12 and Western Athletic Conference did

11305-527: The rest of the university. In many states, the highest-paid public employee is the head coach of an FBS team. FBS schools are limited to a total of 85 football players receiving financial assistance. Nearly all FBS schools that are not on NCAA probation give 85 full scholarships. The three United States service academies that are FBS members are technically subject to the 85-scholarship limit, but are effectively exempt because all of their students receive federally-funded full scholarships whether or not they play

11424-420: The rest, and only the winners of the two playoff semifinal bowl games will play a 15th game when they meet in the College Football Playoff National Championship . The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and teams that play at Hawaii get a special exemption and are allowed to play an extra regular season game in order to defray travel costs, so an FBS team that plays 13 regular season games, a conference championship game,

11543-405: The same for the 1996 season , and most conferences eventually adopted divisions and championship games. The NCAA does not officially award an FBS football championship, but several teams have claimed national championships. Other organizations have also sought to rank the teams and crown a national champion. The Dickinson System and other methods were formed in the early 20th century to select

11662-553: The school a waiver from its normal transition rules that require an invitation from an FBS conference before beginning the transition. The Flames played in the Big South Conference in 2017 but were not eligible for the FCS playoffs. For 2018 to 2022, the Flames became an FBS independent. The school initially intended to remain a Big South member in other sports until it received an invitation to an FBS conference, but instead joined

11781-567: The south end of the stadium. It was dedicated on April 24, 1999, and named after OU’s all-time winningest head football coach. During Summer 2015 the Switzer Center was demolished as part of the expansion of the stadium. In Barry Switzer ’s 16 seasons as the Oklahoma Sooners head football coach, the team won three national championships, 12 Big Eight Conference championships and eight bowl games in 13 appearances. Artist Ted Watts completed

11900-409: The south endzone, football offices, training center and weight room), and proceed to "Phase 2" (which will focus on the west side of the stadium, including the press box, club seats and new facade. As well as various improvements to restrooms, escalators and concessions) at a later date, when the economic conditions have improved. The first phase of construction will bowl in the south endzone, and bring

12019-487: The stadium and the Lloyd Noble Center. The improvements include the installation of a state-of-the-art Daktronics 16mm HD-ready video replay board in the north end zone, which replaced an older matrix messageboard, and digital 23mm LED ribbon displays along the edges of both upper decks, the north end zone, and the north tunnel entrances. Eight new concession stands were added, along with more than 60 new toilets in

12138-670: The time) signed the Ivy Group Agreement, which governed football competition between the signatories, in 1945; the Ivy League was formally founded in 1954, when the agreement was extended to cover all sports. In 1959, the Pacific Coast Conference dissolved, and most of its former members formed the new Athletic Association of Western Universities, which became the Pac-8 when more former PCC members joined. In 1962, several schools from

12257-433: The time, Owen Field did not have permanent artificial lighting sufficient for television broadcasts at night. This meant that untelevised home games had to start in the morning or early afternoon so as to be completed by dark, because the cost of leasing a set of portable lights was too high for a game that would not earn enough revenue to pay for those lights. For all televised games, portable lights on trucks were rented – but

12376-599: The time, the Trans America Athletic Conference (now known as the Atlantic Sun Conference, or ASUN), did not sponsor football, and as a member of the Southern Conference from 1993 until 2013, winning 10 SoCon championships. The Georgia Southern Eagles finished their first FBS season 9–3 overall and was undefeated in Sun Belt Conference play at 8–0; winning the Sun Belt Conference championship outright in its first year as an FBS member. They were also

12495-440: The total capacity to 83,489. The following are the largest crowds in the history of the stadium. Pride of Oklahoma The Pride of Oklahoma Marching Band , known as "The Pride", is the student marching band for the University of Oklahoma Sooners . The Pride was founded in 1904 as a pep band to play at Sooner football games. In the early years of the university, the band was composed mostly of Norman residents and

12614-547: The two schools alleged that the NCAA's contracts with ABC , NBC , and CBS violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by preventing each college and conference from selling its product on the open market. The court agreed with the schools in 1982 and voided the NCAA's television contracts. However, the ruling was appealed by the NCAA and finally heard by the Supreme Court of the United States , ( NCAA v. Board of Regents of

12733-404: The university knew which games would be televised and could plan months ahead for leasing the necessary lighting. With the successful outcome of the court case against the NCAA, more late afternoon and night games were scheduled in Norman and television schedules changed during the season, requiring large portable light trucks to take up space on campus while waiting for the next televised game. It

12852-523: The women's restrooms, 30 new water fountains, handrails on all aisles of the upper decks, new speakers in all restrooms, and a new public address system. Phase two replaced the obsolete displays and sound system of the Lloyd Noble Center. The final phase was completed prior to the 2008 season and included replacement of the stadium's south scoreboard and sound system within the existing structure. The new displays are compatible with high-definition television equipment, although no HD cameras were purchased during

12971-472: Was a member of the band in 1987 when the ensemble received the Sudler Trophy. Mr. Britt made evolutionary changes to the band's performances, and the repertoire continued to be mostly arrangements by OU professor Dr. Roland Barrett. Stand tunes and cadences were updated throughout the decade to reflect popular music themes and add diversity to musical performances in the stands. The uniforms also evolved with

13090-496: Was also the last for Idaho and New Mexico State as Sun Belt football members. After 2017, New Mexico State returned to independent status, while Idaho downgraded to FCS football—becoming the first program ever to voluntarily do so without extenuating circumstances —and added football to its all-sports membership in the Big Sky Conference . Also in 2016, UMass went independent after turning down an offer of full membership in

13209-459: Was constructed at an approximate cost of $ 293,000, and coach Bennie Owen himself helped raise the money. To honor Owen, the playing surface was named Owen Field during the 1920s. The stadium as a whole has long been called Owen Field, but in actuality the field and the stadium are two separate objects with two separate names. There are two main reasons why the stadium was not originally a fully enclosed "bowl" like, for example, Michigan Stadium or

13328-413: Was created during World War I but was kept separate from the University band. In 1929, the University hired its first full-time faculty member, William R. Wehrend, whose primary responsibility was to direct the band program. He devised numerous ways of promoting the band. He was one of the first band directors to have an annual high school Band Day event. In 1934, he organized a publicity stunt to set

13447-439: Was disbanded every year after football season. The first continuous student band was founded in 1904 by Lloyd Curtis, himself a Sooner freshman . The band branched out and began playing at other athletic events. Eventually, they started playing non-athletic events also, including concerts and parades. The band marched in the parade celebrating the inauguration of the first Oklahoma governor , Charles N. Haskell . A military band

13566-459: Was dismantled in preparation for replacement. From 2003 to 2004, the video and audio systems were completely replaced, and new video scoreboards were placed at both end zones. The west side, long ignored except for the press box construction in 1975, received restroom and concession improvements. Most importantly, a street running east of the east stands was moved to allow for the construction of an upper deck with club seating for 2,500 and 27 suites on

13685-493: Was first broadcast on radio in 1921, and first broadcast on television in 1939. Television became profitable for both schools and the NCAA, which tightly controlled the airing of games in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The NCAA limited each football team to six television appearances over a two-year period. The 1981 Supreme Court case NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma & University of Georgia granted television rights to individual schools as opposed to

13804-891: Was founded in 1896, after which several other schools joined to form conferences, including the Pacific Coast Conference , the MVIAA, the Southwest Conference, the Southern Conference , the Mountain States Conference (also known as the Skyline Conference), and the Border Conference . In 1928, six schools seceded from the MVIAA to form the Big Six Conference, which later expanded to the Big Eight in 1957;

13923-409: Was not until 1997 that permanent television lights were installed in the four corners of the stadium, along with a new south end zone video scoreboard to replace the antiquated main scoreboard. Owen Field switched back to natural grass, or Prescription Athletic Turf , from the aging Superturf in 1994, improving the field's drainage system in the process. The switch was more or less out of necessity, as

14042-549: Was set in stone well in advance of the season opening. The NCAA reasoned that televised games cut into attendance, and more TV games would cost more money in lost gate receipts than could be gained with television contracts. In the fall of 1981, OU and the University of Georgia sued the NCAA in federal court in Oklahoma City . In this class-action lawsuit on behalf of members of the College Football Association,

14161-679: Was the first bowl game in college football history, and the event began to be held annually starting with the 1916 Rose Bowl . In the 1930s, other bowl games came into existence, including the Sugar Bowl , the Cotton Bowl Classic , and the Orange Bowl . The 1906 college football season was the first season played under the IAAUS (which would later change its name to the NCAA ) and the first season in which

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