Osh ( / ɒ ʃ / , Kyrgyz: [ɔɕ] , Russian: [oʂ] ) is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan , located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country. It is often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated by UNESCO to be more than 3,000 years old) and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 in 2021 , comprising Kyrgyz , Uzbeks , Ukrainians , Koreans , and other smaller ethnic groups.
24-583: Osh is a city in Kyrgyzstan. Osh or OSH may also refer to: Osh (food) , in Tajik and Uzbek cuisines Osh (singer) (born 1995), English singer and rapper OSH, the IATA code for Wittman Regional Airport near Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States As an acronym [ edit ] Places [ edit ] Old State House (disambiguation) Old Swinford Hospital ,
48-467: A good portion of the season. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons, with temperatures rising during the course of the spring season and falling during the course of the autumn. Osh is twinned with: 40°32′N 72°48′E / 40.53°N 72.8°E / 40.53; 72.8 Osh Airport Osh International Airport ( Kyrgyz : Ош эл аралык аэропорту ; Russian : Международный аэропорт "Ош" ) ( IATA : OSS , ICAO : UCFO )
72-676: A school in Stourbridge, United Kingdom Oregon State Hospital , in Salem, Washington, United States Osawatomie State Hospital , in Osawatomie, Kansas, United States Oshkosh, Wisconsin , United States, nicknamed "Osh" Science and technology [ edit ] Open-source hardware Outside hospital, a medical abbreviation Other uses [ edit ] Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States) Occupational safety and health OSHmail , an electronic newsletter from
96-482: A serious obstacle to trade and economic development. Daily flights from Osh Airport link Osh—and hence the southern part of Kyrgyzstan—to the national capital Bishkek and some international destinations, mainly in Russia. Osh has two railway stations and a railway connection to Andijan in neighbouring Uzbekistan, but no passenger traffic and only sporadic freight traffic. Most transport is by road. The recent upgrading of
120-664: Is a tributary of the Amu Darya, the course of the Vakhsh lying outside and to the South of the Fergana valley, rising as it does on the west side of the 3,536m Taunmurun pass (east of the village of Sary-Tash ) and flowing southwest to its confluence with the Panj at Takht-i Sangin to form the Amu Darya. Oxus, the ancient name of the Amu Darya, like Osh, is cognate with the river name Vakhsh, revealing that
144-616: Is a well-proportioned mountain called Bara-Koh, where, on its summit, Sultan Mahmud Khan built a pavilion. Farther down, on a spur of the same mountain, I had a porticoed pavilion built in 902 (1496-7)" The city was occupied and annexed by the Russian Empire in 1876 when Russia overwhelmed the Central Asian khanates during the so-called " Great Game ", the contest between Britain and Russia for dominance in Central Asia . This conquest
168-500: Is home to Osh State University , one of the largest universities in Kyrgyzstan. Osh city (Ош шаар, "Osh shaar") covers 182.5 square kilometres (70.5 square miles) and, like the capital city of Bishkek, is administered separately and not part of any region, although it is the seat of Osh Region . Besides the city proper, 11 villages are administered by the city: Almalyk, Arek, Gulbaar-Tölöykön, Japalak , Kengesh, Kerme-Too, Orke, Pyatiletka, Teeke and parts of Ozgur and Tölöykön . Osh
192-457: Is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan after the capital city of Bishkek . According to the population estimate of 2021, the city population amounted to 322,164, of which 33,315 resided in the 11 villages that the City of Osh administers. At the 2009 census, 47.9% of the population were Kyrgyz, 44.2% were Uzbeks, 2.5% Russians, 2.2% Turks , 1.1% Tatars and 2.1% other nationalities. The population of
216-700: The Andijan, Fergana and Namangan regions of Uzbekistan for Uzbek citizens of Kyrgyzstan who cross the border seeking safety. Under the Köppen climate classification , Osh features a continental climate ( Dsa ), with hot, dry summers and cold winters. Osh receives on average roughly 400 millimeters of precipitation annually, the bulk of which typically falls on the city outside the summer months. Summers are hot in Osh, with average high temperatures routinely exceeding 30 °C. Winters are cold with average temperatures below freezing during
240-501: The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) Old Speckled Hen, a beer produced by Greene King Brewery Orchard Supply Hardware , an American retailer Ordo Sancti Hieronymi , a religious order See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with OSH OSHA (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
264-466: The bazaar, and the 16th-century Rabat Abdul Khan Mosque can be found here. The only World Heritage Site in Kyrgyzstan, the Sulayman Mountain , offers a splendid view of Osh and its environs. This mountain is thought by some researchers and historians to be the famous landmark of antiquity known as the " Stone Tower ", which Claudius Ptolemy wrote about in his famous work Geography . It marked
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#1732851489647288-619: The built-up (or metro) area in the surrounding Kara-Suu District and in neighbouring Uzbekistan is estimated at 400,000 inhabitants. The name of the city of Osh derives from the river Vakhsh , anthropomorphised there as a water goddess of the same name, who was worshipped (in tandem with Atar , sacred fire) in a Zoroastrian shrine or fire temple situated in the Eagle Cave in the ancient sacred mountain Sulaiman-Too . The river Vakhsh itself, known also as Surkhob or Kyzyl-Suu ( Turkic: “red water”)
312-452: The divide between the country's ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks." Local media reported that gangs of young men armed with sticks and stones smashed shop windows and set cars aflame in the city center. Several buildings and homes across the city were also set on fire. The city's police force proved incapable of restoring order resulting in a state of emergency being declared and the army being mobilised. The Kyrgyz intelligence agency claimed that
336-535: The division of land resources in and around the city. In 2010, after riots in Bishkek and other major Kyrgyz cities, President Kurmanbek Bakiyev took refuge in the city to hide from protesters denouncing his government and its response to the nation's struggling economy. On May 13, 2010, Bakiyev supporters took over government buildings in Osh and seized the airport, preventing interim government officials from landing. The protesters demanded Bakiev's return, and forced
360-588: The ethnic "Kyrgyz were encouraged to move from the Kyrgyz populated countryside to the cities to work in industrial jobs and public administration." This contributed to the rise of social tension between the two groups. In 1990, shortly before the end of Soviet power in Central Asia, Osh and its environs experienced bloody ethnic clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks. There were about 1,200 casualties, including over 300 dead and 462 seriously injured. The riots broke out over
384-538: The just-deposed president initiated the 2010 violence, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, who is said to have made a deal with foreign narco-jihadist gangs to take over southern Kyrgyzstan and initiate a shariah state in exchange for the Bakiyev family's being returned to controlling Bishkek. However, to the day no serious proof has been presented to the public and media. According to various sources, up to 100,000 ethnic Uzbek refugees fled to Uzbekistan. Many refugee camps have been organized in
408-499: The long and arduous road through the mountains to Bishkek has greatly improved communications. The city has several monuments, including one to the southern Kyrgyz leader ( Kyrgyz : датка , romanized : datqa ) Kurmanjan and one of the few remaining statues of Lenin . A Russian Orthodox church, reopened after the demise of the Soviet Union, the second-largest mosque in the country, built in 2012 and situated beside
432-456: The midpoint on the ancient Silk Road , the overland trade route taken by caravans between Europe and Asia. The National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex Sulayman is carved in the mountain, containing a collection of archaeological, geological, and historical finds and information about local flora and fauna. Its first Western-style supermarket, Narodnyj , opened in March 2007. Osh
456-536: The present day Vakhsh/Kyzyl-Suu was conceived to form the upper reaches of the river now known as the Amu Darya. The city is among the oldest settlements in Central Asia . Osh was known as early as the 8th century as a center for silk production along the Silk Road . The famous trading route crossed Alay Mountains to reach Kashgar to the east. Babur , founder of the Mughal Empire and descendant of Tamerlane ,
480-411: The regional governor to flee. The former Osh regional governor Mamasadyk Bakirov was reinstated. On June 10, 2010, riots erupted in Osh, killing at least 81 and injuring hundreds of others. "An explosion of violence, destruction and looting in southern Kyrgyzstan on 11–14 June 2010 killed many dozens of Kyrgyz and Uzbek people. The total of over 2000 buildings were destroyed, mostly homes, and deepened
504-524: The same spot for the past 2,000 years and was a major market along the Silk Road . The city's industrial base, established during the Soviet period, largely collapsed after the break-up of the Soviet Union and has only recently started to revive. The proximity of the Uzbekistan border, which cuts through historically linked territories and settlements, deprives Osh of much of its former hinterland and presents
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#1732851489647528-506: The title OSH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OSH&oldid=1235325823 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Osh Osh has an important outdoor activity bazaar which has been taking place on
552-604: Was achieved and the inclusion to the Russian Empire made by the mid-1880s, with main credit to General von Kaufman and General Mikhail Skobelev . In the 1960s Osh and other towns in the south of the Kyrgyz SSR began to be industrialized. The population of Osh and other towns in the Fergana Valley that falls within Kyrgyzstan has traditionally consisted of a significant number of ethnic Uzbeks. When Osh started to industrialize
576-465: Was born in nearby Andijan , in the Fergana Valley , pondered his future on Sulayman Mountain and even constructed a mosque atop of the mountain. Babur somehow concludes that the confines of the Fergana would cramp his aspirations as a descendant of famous conquering warrior princes. He wrote of the city: "There are many sayings about the excellence of Osh. On the southeastern side of the Osh fortress
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