92-464: Nurul Amin (15 July 1893 – 2 October 1974) was a Pakistani politician and jurist who served as the eighth prime minister of Pakistan from 7 December to 20 December 1971. His term of only 13 days as prime minister was the shortest served in Pakistani parliamentary history. He was also the only Vice President of Pakistan . Starting his political career in 1948 as Chief Minister of East Bengal , he headed
184-710: A parliamentary system of government, the Prime minister is generally the leader of a party (or coalition of parties) that has a majority in the National Assembly —the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan . The prime minister, in common with all other ministers, has to be a member of National Assembly . The principal workplace of the prime minister is the Prime Minister's Office located in northeast Islamabad. The official residence , known as Prime Minister Enclave,
276-582: A semi-presidential system allowing the presidency to keep the interference executive and the judiciary . The general elections in 2008 resulted in the PPP coming to power and supporting the movement to oust Pervez Musharraf. A populist intellectual movement leading to the departure of Pervez Musharraf allowed Asif Zardari to become president. In 2010, the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
368-663: A Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE). In 1958, he was awarded the highest civilian award titled Nishan-e-Pakistan . Later by the Government of Pakistan , Nazimuddin has been honoured from time to time after his death. In Karachi , the residential areas, Nazimabad and North Nazimabad in suburbs of Karachi, had been named after him. In Islamabad , there is a road intersection, Nazimuddin Road, that has been In his honour,
460-597: A Muslim country. From 1988 to 1993, the power struggle between the prime minister and presidency continued with the president dismissing the National Assembly on three different occasions. At the 1997 elections , the PML(N) secured a two-thirds majority in the Parliament and drafted the XIII and XIV Amendments to reverse the eighth amendment to the Constitution; this allowed Nawaz Sharif to centralize more executive powers. After
552-673: A bachelor's degree in English literature in 1919. After graduating, Amin took a position teaching at the local school Gaffargaon Islamia Government High School and then another local school in Calcutta , but decided to pursue his career in law. In 1920, Amin began at the University of Calcutta ; he gained an LLB in Law and Justice in 1924, and passed the Bar exam the same year. Amin started his career in law after joining
644-662: A democratic country. In East Bengal, Amin promoted the unity of Muslims. By the time of the creation of Pakistan, Amin had become one of the leading advocates and activists of the Pakistan Movement; he had wide approval ratings by the Bengali population. After the death of Jinnah, Amin was nominated as the Chief Minister of East Bengal in September 1948 by Khawaja Nazimuddin , who succeeded Jinnah as Governor General. Amin worked for
736-508: A member of the National Assembly. As well as this, one must: The candidates for the prime minister are members of the National Assembly who were chosen through direct elections by popular vote following campaigning on the party platforms . Usually, the leader of the majority party in the parliament retains the office of prime minister, and forms the government either by coalition or by simple majority . The candidate must retain
828-453: A member of the executive committee to successfully promote Muslim League' party agenda and program that gained popularity in East Bengal. In 1940–41, Nazimuddin broke away from the coalition led by Premier Fazlul Haq and decided to become a leader of the opposition, leading campaign against Haq's premiership and primarily focused on Bengali nationalism issues. In 1943, Nazimuddin took over
920-696: A par with Urdu . In response, the Bengali Language Movement developed, and the ruling Muslim League lost popularity in East Pakistan. Both Nazimuddin and Amin failed to integrate the East Pakistani population with that of West Pakistan, and eventually the East Pakistan Muslim League lost significant administrative control of the province. Amin on the other hand, held Communist Party responsible for this failure, accusing them of provoking
1012-540: A politician on the platform of All-India Muslim League . Initially, his political career revolved around advocating for educational reforms and development in Bengal. Later on he started supporting the cause for a separate Muslim homeland , rising to become the party's principal Bengali leader and a close associate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah . He served as Prime Minister of Bengal in British India from 1943 to 1945, and later as
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#17328523558611104-559: A poor economy and the rise of provincial nationalism in four provinces and East Bengal which made him unable to run the country's affairs effectively. In 1951, Prime Minister Nazimuddin's government conducted the country's first nationwide census where it was noted that 57% of the population of Karachi were refugees from India , which further complicated the situation in the country. In January 1952, Prime Minister Nazimuddin announced publicly in Dacca that Jinnah had been right: for
1196-427: A result of constant intervention by the governor-general. Despite the first set of the Constitution giving central power in 1956, the next six prime ministers were dismissed by the governor-general from 1951 till 1957. The first set of the Constitution had evolved the governor-general into the president of Pakistan whilst declaring the country an " Islamic republic ". In 1958, President Iskandar Mirza dismissed
1288-670: A scheme of affairs in which the president of Pakistan is the head of state who represents the "unity of the Republic." The system of government in Pakistan is based on codified constitution which sees the prime minister as " chief executive of the Republic." Subject to the Constitution the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of
1380-416: A united nation, however he is considered by many Bangladeshis as a traitor who collaborated with an occupying force accused of genocide and other war crimes. Yahya Khan appointed Amin Prime Minister on 6 December 1971. On 20 December 1971, however, Amin's term as prime minister was cut short as Khan resigned, leaving the deputy prime minister (and foreign minister) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to be sworn in as
1472-555: A valiant fighter for the Pakistan Movement, and for Pakistan. He proved himself to be a crusader of (Pakistan's) solidarity and earned for himself the highest pedestal by dint of his efforts, intelligence, and his struggle... Amin had written an unpublished autobiography. His second-eldest son, Anwarul Amin Makhon , was the former general manager of BCCI Bangladesh and opened Bangladesh Bank 's first branch abroad (in London ). Anwarul Amin Makhon
1564-553: A yearly rent of £ 120,000 ( $ 2,736,497.94 in 2017). By the 1960s, the majority of estate was relocated from East Pakistan to the different areas of Pakistan, leaving very little of his estate in East. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1926, and was knighted in the 1934 King's Birthday Honours by the King-Emperor , George V , when he was appointed
1656-823: Is held unless sooner summoned by the President. (3) After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the National Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its Muslim members to be the Prime Minister. (4) The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the National Assembly: Khawaja Nazimuddin Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin KCIE ( Bengali : খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন ; Urdu : خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین ; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964)
1748-471: Is near the Prime Minister's Office. The prime minister is the chief executive who heads and exercises the authority of the Government of Pakistan . After obtaining a vote of confidence , the prime minister is invited by the president to take the oath of office and form the government. In practice, the prime minister nominates the members of the Cabinet who supervise the important functions and ministries of
1840-472: Is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet , despite the president of Pakistan serving as the nominal head of executive. The prime minister is often the leader of the party or the coalition with a majority in the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan , the National Assembly where he serves as Leader of
1932-712: The All-India Muslim League led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah . During this time, Amin was appointed as President of the Muslim League's Mymensingh district unit. In 1944, he was elected vice-president of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League. In 1945, Amin participated in the Indian general elections, securing a landslide victory. He became a Member, and the following year was elected as the Speaker General of
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#17328523558612024-525: The Basic Principles Committee , on the advice of Prime Minister Ali Khan to underlying basic principles that would lay foundation of Constitution of Pakistan . After the assassination of Liaqat Ali Khan in 1951, the Muslim League leaders asked Governor-General Nazimuddin to take over the prime ministership as well as the party's presidency as there was no other person found suitable for
2116-672: The Bengal Legislative Assembly . Amin became a trusted lieutenant of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in East Bengal , fighting for the rights of Bengali Muslims in British India. Amin took an active part in the Pakistan Movement , organising Bengali Muslims, while he continued to strengthen the Muslim League in Bengal. In 1946, Jinnah came to visit Bengal, where Amin assisted him. He promised the Bengali nation that, he would build
2208-595: The Bengali language movement and protests in his native Dhaka in 1952, and religious riots in Lahore a year later. The latter crisis saw the first instance of martial law , limited to the city, and led to Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissing Nazimuddin on 17 April 1953. Nazimuddin's ministry was the first federal government to be dismissed in Pakistan's history, though his former ministers Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar , Abdul Sattar Pirzada , and Mahmud Husain refused to take
2300-458: The Bengali politics . Both brother joined the Muslim League , and Nazimuddin successfully ran for the municipality election and elected as Chairman of Dhaka Municipality from 1922 until 1929. During this time, he was appointed as Education minister of Bengal. He remained minister of Education till 1934. Later he was appointed in Viceroy's Executive Council in 1934 which he served until 1937. In
2392-535: The Cabinet , and is charged with leading the National Command Authority over Pakistan's nuclear weapons arsenal . This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters, both internal affairs and foreign policy . The prime minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and is therefore usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament . The Constitution of Pakistan vests executive powers in
2484-584: The Government of India Act 1935 , dismissed Nazimuddin. Nazimuddin then requested the Federal Court of Pakistan 's intervention against this action but the Chief Justice , Muhammad Munir did not rule on the legality of the dismissal, but instead forced new elections to be held in 1954. Malik Ghulam appointed another Bengali politician, Muhammad Ali Bogra who was then tenuring as the Pakistan ambassador to
2576-597: The Ministry of Supply . Despite being a Bengali , Amin was against the Bengali language movement of 1952. After participating in the 1970 Pakistani general election , He was appointed as the Prime Minister of Pakistan . He was the first and only Vice President of Pakistan from 1970 to 1972 and also led Pakistan during the Liberation War of Bangladesh . Nurul Amin was born on 15 July 1893 in Shahbazpur , Sarail located in
2668-687: The Nizam-e-Islam Party , and Air Marshal (Retd.) Asghar Khan 's Justice Party to form the Pakistan Democratic Party (PDP). The new party was ideologically moderate . It strongly supported a united Pakistan. Amin was elected president of the PDP at its first convention. In the 1970 Pakistani general election , the PDP fielded 21 candidates in West Pakistan and 81 in East Pakistan. Of all of them, only Amin won his seat, NE-83-Mymensingh-VIII. He
2760-515: The Panama Papers Case . This also resulted in him being permanently disqualified from membership of the parliament . The prime minister is elected by the National Assembly. The National Assembly meets on the twenty-first day after a general election (at least every five years) unless the president calls for a vote of no confidence. Whichever member of the National assembly is chosen serves as
2852-568: The People's Republic of Bangladesh . He died of cardiac arrest aged 81 in Rawalpindi on 2 October 1974 and was given a public state funeral by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto . He was buried in Jinnah Mausoleum , next to Jinnah. His tomb was specially designed, made of Italian white marble, with golden letters for his name and contributions. Nurul Amin was a trusted lieutenant of Quaid-i-Azam and
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2944-894: The Tippera District of the Bengal Presidency (now in Brahmanbaria District , Bangladesh ). He belonged to a Bengali Muslim family from the village of Bahadurpur in Nandail , Mymensingh District . His father was a zamindar , and his grandfather served as the Aʻlā Ṣadr (district judge) under the Nawabs of Bengal . In 1915, Amin passed the college entrance examination from Mymensingh Zilla School , joining Ananda Mohan College two years later to obtain his Intermediate in Arts (I.A); he graduated with
3036-539: The military junta led by the president had the powers of the prime minister. The office of the prime minister was created on immediate effect after the partition and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947; the prime minister existed alongside the governor-general who was the representative of the British monarchy . The first prime minister, Liaquat Ali Khan , exercised central executive powers until his assassination in 1951. The powers slowly began to be reduced as
3128-419: The military leadership as well as ensuring civilian control of the military through chairman joint chiefs , although this does not necessarily happen in tandem . Prime ministerial powers have significantly grown with a delicate system of check and balance by each branch. The position was absent during the years of 1958–1973, 1977–1985, and 1999–2002 due to imposed martial law. In each of these periods,
3220-528: The oath of office in the new cabinet. He retired from national politics , dying after a brief illness in 1964. He is buried at the Mausoleum of Three Leaders in Dhaka. He was one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan and the first Bengali to have governed Pakistan. Khawaja Nazimuddin was born into a wealthy Muslim family of the Nawabs of Dhaka on 19 July 1894 then under British Raj rule. His father
3312-441: The seventh prime minister to impose martial law in a mere two weeks, President Mirza was ousted by army chief General Ayub Khan who had for a brief period held the post of prime minister. In 1962, the second set of the Constitution completely dissolved the office of prime minister as all powers were transferred to the president of Pakistan. Criticism over the presidency after the presidential election held in 1965 over
3404-455: The vote of confidence of the members of the parliament before being invited by the president to form the government . The prime minister can be removed before the expiry of the term through a vote of no confidence in the parliament. If the vote of no confidence is passed by the National Assembly by a simple majority, the prime minister ceases to retain the office. In the past, prime ministers (and their governments) have been dismissed by
3496-449: The war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971. As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead . Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post. The general elections held in 1985 restored
3588-524: The ... Britishers ... Dressed in British-styled Sherwani and breechers-like Churidar pajamas with a Fez cap and wearing little shoes, he carried a... cane of knob and represented an age and tradition. By 1934, the family had estates that covered almost 200,000 acres and was well spread over different districts of Eastern Bengal , together with properties in Shillong, Assam and Kolkata, had
3680-707: The 1954 provisional elections, the Muslim League was defeated by the United Front, an alliance between the Awami League (led by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy ), the Krishak Sramik Party (chaired by A. K. Fazlul Huq ), the Nizam Islam Party (headed by Maulana Athar Ali), and the Ganatantri Dal (led by Haji Mohammad Danesh and Mahmud Ali ), eventually becoming more and more influential in Pakistani politics. It
3772-409: The 1st Chief Minister of East Bengal in independent Pakistan. Nazimuddin ascended to Governor-General in 1948 after the death of Jinnah, before becoming Prime Minister in 1951 following the assassination of his predecessor , Liaquat Ali Khan . His term was marked by constant power struggles with his own successor as Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad , as law and order deteriorated amid the rise of
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3864-498: The Assembly Syed Nausher Ali , an Indian nationalist Muslim and a prominent member of Congress Party , ruled that the vote was effectively one of no confidence . On 31 March, the administration was taken over by Governor of Bengal Richard Casey under section 93 of the Government of India Act 1935 . From 1945 to 1947, Nazimuddin continued to be served as the chairman of the Muslim League in Bengal, ardently supporting
3956-421: The Bengali language in 1956 alongside Urdu. But after Army Commander General Mohammad Ayub Khan imposed martial law following the successful October 1958 Pakistani coup d'état against the government of President Iskander Mirza , Amin's political career was halted as Ayub Khan disbanded all political parties in the country. Amin ran as a candidate in the 1965 presidential elections in East Pakistan, winning
4048-482: The Federal Court of Pakistan, with Liaquat Ali Khan in attendance. As Governor-General, Nazimuddin set a precedent of neutrality and non-interference in the government, and provided his political support to Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan's government, which was seen as essential to the working of the responsible government at that time. In 1949, Governor-General Nazimuddin established the parliamentary committee,
4140-599: The Government of Pakistan and communicates to the president all decisions of the Cabinet relating to the administration of affairs of state and proposals for legislation. The prime minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Parliament and is required to answer questions from members of parliament to the ministers. The prime minister makes appointments on various important positions, including: Some specific ministries are usually allocated to
4232-403: The House . Prime minister holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the National Assembly . The prime minister is designated as the "chief executive of the Islamic Republic". Pakistan's prime minister leads the executive branch of the federal government , oversees the state economy , leads the National Assembly , heads the Council of Common Interests as well as
4324-444: The Muslim League in East Bengal, while continuing his relief programme for the population. As Chief Minister, his relations were significantly strained with Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan and the Governor-General of Pakistan Khawaja Nazimuddin. Soon after the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan , Amin was appointed as Minister of Supply . He was elected as a member of the Pakistan National Assembly from 1947 until 1954. Amin assumed
4416-476: The Mymensingh Judge Court Bar. In 1929, Amin was appointed as a member of the Mymensingh Local Board , and later became a member of the Mymensingh District Board in 1930. In 1932, the British Indian Government appointed him as commissioner of Mymensingh Municipality. In 1937, Amin was appointed as the Chairman of Mymensingh District Board, an assignment he continued until 1945. During this time, Amin's interest in politics increased. He became an early member of
4508-400: The PPP nomination was Makhdoom Shahbuddin , but he was forced to withdraw after the ANF issued non-bailable arrest warrants against him. Raja Pervaiz Ashraf became the prime minister and remained in office until 2013. The general election held in 2013 saw the PML(N) almost achieve a supermajority. Following this, Nawaz Sharif was elected as prime minister, returning to the post for
4600-402: The Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation." The prime minister is also the chairman of the Council of Common Interests as set by: 1 There shall be a Council of Common Interests, in this Chapter referred to as the Council, to be appointed by the President (2) The Council shall consist of- (a)
4692-441: The Prime Minister who shall be the Chairman of the Council; (b) the Chief Ministers of the Provinces; (c) three members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime Minister from time to time. As in most of the parliamentary democracies , a head of state 's duties are mostly ceremonial. The prime minister of Pakistan is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. With Pakistan following
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#17328523558614784-428: The United Bengal Movement. The conflict between two men mainly existed because Suhrawardy represented the middle class while Nazimuddin was representing the aristocracy. In 1947, he again contested in the party elections in the Muslim League against Suhrawardy's platform and securing his nomination as the party chairman for the Muslim League's East Bengal chapter. His success in the party election eventually led him to
4876-493: The United States , as the new prime minister until the new elections to be held in 1954. After his dismissal, he and his family remained active in parliamentary politics; his nephew, Khwaja Wasiuddin , was an army general serving as GOC-in-C II Corps and later repatriated to Bangladesh in 1974. His younger brother, Shahabuddin , remained active in politics and became Information minister in President Ayub Khan 's administration. Sir Khwaja died in 1964, aged 70. He
4968-465: The University of Cambridge, and earned a Master of Arts. His training in England enabled him to practice law and become a Barrister-at-Law in England. He was knighted in 1934. In 1947–49, Nazimuddin was granted the degree of Doctor of Laws by the vice-chancellor of Dhaka University , Dr. Mahmud Hasan . Nazimuddin returned to India to join his brother Khwaja Shahbuddin from England, taking interest in civil and public affairs that led him to join
5060-486: The appointed as the first Chief Minister of East Bengal after the Partition of India in 1947 and effectively gained controlled of the Muslim League in the province. As the Chief Minister, he led the motion of confidence that ultimately voted in favour of joining the Federation of Pakistan and reorganized the Government of East Pakistan by delegating conservative members in his administration. On 14 August of 1947, Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah relinquished
5152-418: The centralizing of powers. After the general elections held in 1970, the office was established with Nurul Amin becoming the prime minister who was also the vice-president . Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , Mujibur Rehman , and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan . With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end
5244-410: The credit for turning the language movement in 1952 into a large unified mass protest. During Amin's term as Chief Minister, Governor General Nazimuddin (also from East Bengal but bilingual) reiterated the federal government's position that while Bengali was the language of virtually all East Pakistanis as well as the majority of Pakistanis as a whole, it was not to be considered a national language on
5336-424: The draw down of civil-military relations in 1999, Chairman joint chiefs General Pervez Musharraf staged a coup d'état against the PML(N)'s government and held nationwide elections in 2002 . With no party gaining a majority, a coalition was formed with the PML(Q) – a breakaway of the PML(N) and a pro-Musharraf party – leading with MQM . After some political wrangling, Zafarullah Jamali became
5428-604: The election may be called earlier. On 3rd March 2024, Shehbaz Sharif was re-elected for the second time as the country's 24th Prime Minister. He won by majority in the National Assembly of Pakistan against Omar Ayub Khan in a disputed elections. Azad Kashmir government Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Constitution of Pakistan Territorial election commission Elections Provincial elections Territorial elections Political parties Provinces Autonomous region Customs Regional topics The Constitution envisages
5520-405: The first Prime Minister of Pakistan to be legitimately removed from office, through a motion of no confidence. On 11th April 2022, Shehbaz Sharif was elected as the country's 23rd Prime Minister. He won by majority 174 votes in the National Assembly of Pakistan. Sharif will serve a term, at most of almost one year to fulfill Imran Khan's term until the 2023 Pakistani General Election , though
5612-442: The former capacity he successfully piloted the Compulsory Primary Education Bill. He piloted the Bengal Agriculture Debtors' Bill and the Bengal Rural Development Bill in 1935-1936. He participated in regional elections held in 1937 on a Muslim League's platform but conceded his defeat in favour of Fazlul Haq of Krishak Praja Party (KPP) who was appointed as Prime Minister of Bengal , while assuming his personal role as member of
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#17328523558615704-411: The government and followers of this religious minority . To quell the unrest, Nazimuddin declared martial law in Punjab. Major General Azam Khan was made Chief Martial Law Administrator and brought Lahore under control within a couple of days. Nazimuddin forced out the Chief Minister of Punjab, Mumtaz Daultana , and replaced him with Feroz Khan Noon . The agitations and violence spread through
5796-450: The government from Premier Haq when the latter was dismissed by the Governor, John Herbert , amid controversies surrounding in his political campaigns. During this time, Nazimuddin played a crucial political role for the cause for the separate Muslim homeland, Pakistan . His premiership lasted until 1945, when his ministry's appropriation for agriculture was defeated in the assembly by 106 to 97 votes. The next day, 29 March, Speaker of
5888-400: The language movement. Public dissatisfaction with Amin had grown since October 1951, when Nazimuddin became prime minister. Amin expelled dissidents from within the ranks of the Muslim League, but doing so simply strengthened opposition to the party. In early 1952, students protested against Prime Minister Nazimuddin's declaration in the provincial capital Dacca (now Dhaka ) that Urdu would be
5980-417: The legislative assembly. Upon the formation of the coalition government in an agreement facilitated between Muslim League and the Krishak Praja Party, Nazimuddin was appointed as the home minister under Haq's premiership., which he continued until 1943. Due to his conservative elite position, he became close associate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah , then-president of the Muslim League, who appointed him as
6072-405: The majority vote in the Parliament of Pakistan . He declined working with Ayub Khan. The same year, after the death of Fatima Jinnah , Amin succeeded Jinnah as Leader of the Opposition , which he held until 1969, after General Yahya Khan imposed martial law again. Amin in June 1969 merged his National Democratic Front with a dissident group of the Awami League led by Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan ,
6164-463: The new president. Two days later, Amin was appointed as Vice President of Pakistan , the only person to have held this post. He was sworn into the post again on 23 April 1972 after the interim constitution came into effect and martial law was lifted. He continued to hold the post until the office was abolished with the entry into force of the new constitution on 14 August 1973. Amin stayed in West Pakistan, while his home region achieved independence as
6256-423: The office due to contempt of court after retroactively disqualifying the membership of the parliament permanently. On 28 July 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan disqualified the prime minister Nawaz Sharif from retaining the office due to his failure in fulfilling the eligibility requirements as enshrined in Articles 62 of the Constitution. This was in the aftermath of the Supreme Court hearing regarding
6348-407: The office of Chief Minister in a few weeks. Historians have noted that Amin's government was not strong enough to administer the provincial state; it was completely under the control of the central government of Nazimuddin. His government did not enjoy enough power, and lacked vision, imagination and initiatives. Amin failed to counter the Communist Party 's influence in the region, which widely took
6440-439: The party presidency of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) to Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin who took over the party of the President of Pakistan Muslim League (PML), due to his party electoral performance. After the death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Nazimuddin was appointed acting governor-general. at the urging of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan , on 14 September 1948. His oath of office was supervised by Chief Justice Sir Abdul Rashid of
6532-463: The political cause for Pakistan against the Congress Party. This despite Nazimuddin and other Muslim League leaders not having thought through the consequences of the Pakistan Movement . As late as February 1947, Governor of Punjab Sir Evan Jenkins reported that Nazimuddin said "he did not know what Pakistan means and that nobody in the Muslim League knew." During this time, Nazimuddin had been in conflict with Premier Suhrawardy and strongly opposed
6624-490: The post, with Muhammad Junejo becoming the prime minister. Later that year, the National Assembly passed the controversial eighth amendment to the Constitution, giving the president the power to dismiss the prime minister and the National Assembly without prior consultation. The general elections in 1988 resulted in the Pakistan Peoples Party 's Benazir Bhutto becoming the first woman prime minister elected in
6716-610: The post. He appointed Finance Minister Sir Malik Ghulam to the Governor-General's post. Nazimuddin's government focused towards promoting the political programs aimed towards conservative ideas . During his time in office, a framework was begun for a constitution that would allow Pakistan to become a republic within the Commonwealth , and end its British Dominion status under the Crown . Nazimuddin's administration took place during
6808-626: The president exercising the VIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (1985), but this was repealed by the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2010). The prime minister has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has ceased at least one prime minister from retaining
6900-577: The previous statement of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that Urdu shall be 'one and only' language of Pakistan. In 1953, a violent religious movement led by far-right Jamaat-e-Islami began to agitate for the removal of the Ahmadi religious minority from power positions, and demanded a declaration of this minority as non- Muslims . Nazimuddin was held morally responsible for riots being spread and resisted such pressures; but mass rioting broke out in Punjab against both
6992-457: The prime minister until the next election or until he fails to maintain the confidence of the National Assembly. 91. The Cabinet: (1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions. (2) The National Assembly shall meet on the twenty-first day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly
7084-484: The prime minister, and passed the XVII amendment which partially restored the power of the president to dissolve the National Assembly, but made the dissolution subject to the Supreme Court of Pakistan 's approval. Over the authority issues, Prime Minister Jamali resigned in 2004 and Shaukat Aziz was eventually appointed as prime minister, securing 151 out of 191 votes in the National Assembly. The XVII amendment featured
7176-412: The prime minister, who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch, taking and authorizing executive decisions, appointments, and recommendations that require prime ministerial confirmation. Constitutionally, the prime minister serves as the chief adviser to the president of Pakistan on critical matters; and plays an influential role in appointment in each branch of
7268-468: The prime minister: The prime minister is vested with command authority over the Pakistani nuclear arsenal and represents the country in various delegations, high-level meetings, and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office and also addresses the nation on various issues of national importance. The Constitution of Pakistan requires that the prime minister be
7360-523: The sake of Pakistan's national unity , Urdu must be the official language of Pakistan– East and West . On 21 February 1952, a demonstration in the Bengali Language movement demanding equal and official status to the Bengali language turned bloody, with many fatalities caused by police firings . This demonstration was held when he declared Urdu the National Language of Pakistan, following
7452-545: The sole national language. During the unrest, the civilian East-Pakistan police opened fire, killing four student activists. This raised more opposition in the region to the Muslim League. Prime Minister Bogra (also a Bengali) visited East Bengal in early 1954 in an attempt to rally support for the League, but it was too late. Leading politicians in West and East Pakistan called for Amin's resignation, and new elections were soon held. In
7544-443: The successful Bengali language movement and the riots in Lahore proved the inability of Nazimuddin's government as he was widely seen as weak in running the government administration. In a view of attempting to improve the economy and internal security , Malik Ghulam asked Prime Minister Nazimuddin to step down in the wider interest of the country. Nazimuddin refused to oblige and Malik Ghulam used reserve powers granted in
7636-406: The third time after a fourteen-year absence, in a democratic transition. In July 2017, Nawaz Sharif was disqualified as prime minister, not on the corruption charges linked to Panama papers leak that he was questioned for in extension due to his sons, but for failing to declare as in his nomination papers, salary from a company owned by his son. His lawyer insisted that though the ousted prime minister
7728-540: Was designated chairman of the company, he had never drawn any salary from the company, however, the judges consulting Black's Law Dictionary chose to disqualify Nawaz Sharif for not paying taxes on an asset he never held but could have. On 18 August 2018, Imran Khan was sworn in as the country's 22nd prime minister. On 10 April 2022, a constitutional crisis culminated in Khan losing a motion of no confidence with 174 votes cast against him, ending his premiership and making him
7820-576: Was Khwaja Nizamuddin and paternal grandfather was Khwaja Fakhruddin. His family hailed from Kashmir and was long settled in Dhaka. He was the maternal grandson of Nawab Bahadur Sir Khwaja Ahsanullah and his mother, Nawabzadi Bilqis Banu, notable for her own statue. Nazimuddin had a younger brother, Khwaja Shahabuddin , who would later play a vital role in Pakistani politics. They were the first cousin of Nawab Khwaja Habibullah son of Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur who helped laid foundation of Muslim League in 1906. He grew up speaking Urdu. He
7912-602: Was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the second governor-general of Pakistan from 1948 to 1951, and later as the second prime minister of Pakistan from 1951 to 1953. Born into an aristocratic Nawab family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University before pursuing his post-graduation studies at the Cambridge University . Upon returning, he embarked on his journey as
8004-489: Was buried in the Mausoleum of three leaders in his hometown of Dhaka. Nazimuddin and his brother, Shahabuddin, belonged to an aristocratic family who were known for their wealth. In a thesis written by Joya Chatterji, Nazimuddin was described for unquestionable loyalty to the British administration in India : Short statured with a bulging pear-like figure, he was known for his insatiable appetite and his unfailing submission to
8096-661: Was educated at the Dunstable Grammar School in England, but returned to British India following his matriculation where he enrolled to attend the MAO College of the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in Uttar Pradesh , India. Nazimuddin secured his graduation with a bachelor's degree in sociology from AMU and returned to England to pursue higher education. After AMU, Nazimuddin went to England. He attended Trinity Hall in
8188-518: Was in this turnover that Amin lost his assembly seat to a veteran student leader of East Pakistan, Khaleque Nawaz Khan , who had also been active in the Language Movement. The Muslim League was effectively eliminated from the provincial political landscape. Amin served as the president of the East Pakistan Muslim League, and worked to improve its standing. During this time, the Pakistani authorities made reforms, including granting official status to
8280-508: Was married to the Ekushey Padak -winning writer and poet Razia Khan , the daughter of Pakistan Assembly Speaker Tamizuddin Khan , and had two children: banker Kaiser Tamiz Amin and journalist Aasha Mehreen Amin . Prime minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( Urdu : وزِیرِ اعظم پاکستان , romanized : Wazīr ē Aʿẓam lit. ' Grand Vizier ' , Urdu pronunciation: [ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm] )
8372-495: Was one of only two non- Awami League candidates elected to the National Assembly that year from East Pakistan. In March 1971, the Bangladesh Liberation War broke out. Amin, long dedicated to a united Pakistan, opposed the separatist movement in his home province of East Pakistan . As an anti-war and principal Pakistan Movement activist, Amin is considered in Pakistan as a patriot who worked to retain Pakistan as
8464-533: Was passed to reverse the XVII amendment; it returned the country to being a parliamentary democratic republic . The XVIII Amendment removed all powers of the presidency to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally and sweep away the powers amassed by the former presidents Pervez Musharraf and Zia-ul-Haq to maintain a delicate check and balance . Following a contempt of court case, the Supreme Court permanently disqualified Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gillani . Originally,
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