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108-500: The city is connected to Laredo, United States by three international bridges and a rail bridge . The city is larger and younger than its US counterpart. As an indication of its economic importance, one of Mexico's banderas monumentales is in the city (these banderas have been established in state capitals and cities of significance). Before the founding of Nuevo Laredo, the area was inhabited by different nomadic indigenous tribes. The most prominent indigenous group to have lived in

216-649: A buffer zone against northern indigenous tribes. Laredo (now in Texas) was one of those towns founded by the Spanish, from which Nuevo Laredo would stem into existence. Nuevo Laredo was part of the territory of the original settlement of Laredo (now in Texas) which was founded in 1755 by the Spaniard Don Tomás Sánchez in the northern part of the Rio Grande . The settlement's territory was granted to José de Escandón by

324-593: A citywide prom during which many of Laredo's elite dress in very formal attire. The related Jalapeño Festival is one of the United States' top 10 eating festivals. Jamboozie is held in late January in downtown Laredo as part of the Washington's birthday celebrations. Similar to New Orleans' Mardi Gras , the Jamboozie is a colorful event, with many people dressed in beads, masks, and flamboyant outfits. The Republic of

432-633: A few hills and flat land covered with grass , oak , and mesquite . Nuevo Laredo features a semi-arid climate . Nuevo Laredo's weather is influenced by its proximity to the Chihuahuan Desert to the west, by the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains to the south and west, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Much of the moisture from the Pacific is blocked by the Sierra Madre Oriental . Therefore, most of

540-513: A hands-on experience with science, technology, and art for Laredo's youth. A second museum is planned on the Texas A&;M International University campus. The Nuevo Santander Museum Complex is composed of restored buildings of Fort McIntosh , a historical collection of photographs of the fort, the main guardhouse, which has World War I (1914–1918) memorabilia, and a science and technology museum. The Lamar Bruni Vergara Science Center Planetarium

648-626: A household in the city was $ 32,019, and for a family was $ 32,577. The per capita income for the city was $ 12,269; 29.2% of families were below the poverty line. According to the United States Census Bureau , at a 2000 census , Laredo was the second-fastest growing city in the United States, after Las Vegas . In 2016, the violent crime rate in Laredo dropped to 379 per 100,000 inhabitants, according to AreaVibes . The violent crime rate in Dallas

756-573: A law director of the Secretary of the Interior , Carlos Abascal, during Fox's presidency and worked in the Calderón administration against abortion and same-sex civil unions. He called the latter as "anti-natural." He has publicly asked voters not to cast votes for "abortionist" parties and those who are in favor of homosexual relationships. 1.- Resigned to run for president Note: Only elections where

864-497: A major hub for three areas of transportation: land, rail, and air cargo. The city is on the southern end of I-35 , which connects manufacturers in northern Mexico through Interstate 35 as a major route for trade throughout the U.S. It has four international bridges and one railway bridge . According to the 2020 census , the city's population was 255,205, making it the 11th-most populous city in Texas and third-most populated U.S. city on

972-485: A mere 12% approval rating, the lowest since they started to survey for presidential approval. The PAN has been linked to a conservative stance in Mexican politics since its inception, but the party does not consider itself a fundamentally conservative party. The party ideology, at least in principle, is that of "National Action" which rejects a fundamental adherence to left- or right-wing politics or policies, instead requiring

1080-647: A significant number of UNEC's leadership came together to found the PAN. The PAN's first executive committee and committees on political action and doctrine also had former Catholic student activists, including Luis Calderón Vega , the father of Felipe Calderón , who became President of Mexico in 2006. The PAN's "Doctrine of National Action" was strongly influenced by Catholic social doctrine articulated in Rerum novarum (1891) and Quadragesimo anno (1931) and rejected Marxist models of class warfare . The PAN's newspaper, La Nación

1188-570: Is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and seat of Webb County , on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas , across from Nuevo Laredo , Tamaulipas , Mexico . Founded in 1755, Laredo grew from a village to the capital of the short-lived Republic of the Rio Grande to the largest inland port on the Mexican border . Laredo's economy is primarily based on international trade with Mexico, and as

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1296-449: Is a major center for the cattle ranching in the state. Cattle here suffer from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (syn. Boophilus microplus ). Researchers and ranchers are concerned about pyrethroid resistance developing and spreading here, as it has in nearby areas of the state and neighboring Tamaulipas state. Because the situation is so severe, the main office of the country's Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program

1404-581: Is a member of the Christian Democrat Organization of America . In general, PAN claims to support free enterprise and thus free trade agreements . Carlos Abascal , secretary of the interior in the latter part of the Fox administration, called emergency contraception a " weapon of mass destruction " in July 2005. It was during Fox's term, however, that the "morning-after" pill was legalized, even though

1512-449: Is a significant drop since the mid-1990s, when Laredo's unemployment was over 15%. Laredo has had positive job market growth since the mid-1990s; setbacks in the mining (oil/gas) industry shifted a few thousand workers to other industries such as international trade and construction. Many large employers in the oil and gas industries shut down operations in Laredo and across Texas, and shifted to foreign countries. The same effect occurred in

1620-639: Is an association created by businesses on Iturbide Street in the San Agustin historical district to beautify and renovate the area, which has a pedestrian scale. As of October 2007, Laredo's labor market was in the following industries by percentage of number employed: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities (32%), Information (1%), Financial Activity (5%), Professional and Business Services (6%), Education and Health Services (15%), Leisure and Hospitality (10%), Government (23%), Mining and Construction (5%), Manufacturing (2%), and Other Services (2%). Laredo has increased

1728-601: Is enclosed by the Rio Grande River, so people had no choice but to settle in its western side, locally known as el poniente (the west). Hence, the west-side of Nuevo Laredo became poverty-stricken, unprivileged and crime infested. In the 1980s and 1990s municipal presidents of Nuevo Laredo focused their efforts in regularizing the west-side settlements into incorporated neighborhoods. In the 2000s and 2010s endeavors by municipal presidents shifted to paving streets and building schools for west-side Nuevo Laredo. But no intention

1836-617: Is governed by an elected Ayuntamiento , which is composed of the Presidente Municipal (Municipal President, equivalent of a Mayor), two Síndicos (high-ranking council members), and 21 Regidores (council members). The mayor is in charge of the municipal administration. The Síndicos supervise the municipal budget and expenditures, and the Regidores represent the people of different neighborhoods of Nuevo Laredo as well as their own political party. Carmen Lilia Canturosas Villarreal

1944-427: Is located here. This program is operated by USDA APHIS . The Deutch Strain of this tick was collected here by Davey et al. , 1980 and is now a commonly used laboratory strain negative for pyrethroid resistance. The Washington's Birthday Celebration , a month-long event that celebrates George Washington's birthday, is the largest annual celebration of its kind in the United States, with 400,000 attendees. It

2052-637: Is on the Texas A&M International University campus. The planetarium surrounds audiences in a dome with an accurate image of the night sky showing all the motions and cycles of the Sun , Moon , planets, and constellations in the sky. The Joe A. Guerra Laredo Public Library was first housed on the second floor of the City Hall, now known as the Market Hall, in 1916. In 1974, the Laredo Public Library moved to

2160-609: Is the current municipal president of Nuevo Laredo. MORENA is the current ruling political party in the city. Public safety is provided by three municipal departments: (1) municipal police ( Dirección de Seguridad Ciudadana ), (2) traffic control ( Dirección de Seguridad Vial ), and (3) the emergency services department ( Dirección de Protección Civil, Bomberos y Desastres ). As well as the State Police Force Tamaulipas ("Fuerza Tamaulipas") replacing former Acreditable State Police ("Polícia Estatal Acreditable") Because of

2268-641: Is the mass transit system that operates in Nuevo Laredo with fixed routes with millions of passengers per year. TUNL works with a fleet of fixed-route buses. TUNL's hub is located in downtown Nuevo Laredo. Major highways in Nuevo Laredo and their starting and ending points: The Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos ( Owls of the Two Laredos ) are a team in the Mexican Baseball League who split their games between Nuevo Laredo and Laredo, Texas. The Tecolotes were

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2376-601: The 2000 presidential elections , the candidate of the Alianza por el Cambio ("Alliance for Change"), formed by the PAN and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), Vicente Fox Quesada won 42.5% of the popular vote and was elected president of Mexico . Fox was the first opposition candidate to defeat the candidate of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and its precursors after 71 years. It

2484-558: The 2006 legislative elections , the party won 207 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 out of 128 Senators . In the 2012 legislative elections , PAN won 38 seats in the Senate and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, but the party did not win the presidential election in 2012 or 2018 . The members of this party are colloquially called Panistas . Notoriously, the two presidents of

2592-448: The 2020 United States census , 255,205 people, 72,328 households, and 58,294 families resided in the city. As of the 2010, Laredo is the 81st-most populous city in the United States and the 10th-largest in Texas. According to the 2010 census there were 236,091 inhabitants in the city. According to the 2010 U.S. Census , the racial composition of Laredo was: Ethnically, the city was: According to respondents' self-identification on

2700-569: The Church had condemned the use of these kind of pills, calling them "abortion pills". The PAN produced a television spot against state-financed abortion, one that features popular comedian Chespirito (who was also featured on a TV spot promoting Vicente Fox in the 2000 presidential elections) and a second one that accuses the PRI and PRD of wanting to kill the unborn. After the abortion bill, which made abortion available, anonymous, and free or government-paid,

2808-646: The Latin larida , which means gull . Cellist Yo-Yo Ma brought his Bach Project to the Juarez–Lincoln International Bridge in April 2019. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 102.6 square miles (265.7 km ), of which 1.5 square miles (3.9 km ) (1.37%) are covered by water. Laredo is on the west end of the Rio Grande Plains, south of

2916-658: The North American Free Trade Agreement , which has encouraged trade. The Laredo port of entry consists of four international bridges (with a proposed fifth one) crossing the Rio Grande into the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León . Retail sales attract shoppers from Northern Mexico and South Texas. There is one indoor shopping mall in Laredo, Mall del Norte , The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo , and another has not progressed past planning: Laredo Town Center, part of downtown redevelopment. There are dozens of shopping centers. The Streets of Laredo Urban Mall

3024-497: The Nuevo Laredo-Laredo border, activity in general was low but high in import-export of cattle, gold, silver and leather. In 1881, the railroad infrastructure connecting Nuevo Laredo with central Mexico and with San Antonio, Texas was established by president Porfirio Diaz . This created the need to build a more formal Customs House building equipped to this new reality in 1887. The new economic boom made Nuevo Laredo become

3132-492: The Second Vatican Council , toward a greater affinity for the poor; however, more traditional Catholics were critical of that stance and nonreligious groups were also in opposition, since they wanted the party to be less explicitly Catholic and draw in more urban professionals and business groups, who would vote for a nonreligious opposition party. The conflict came to a head, and in 1977 the progressive Catholic wing left

3240-604: The Second World War . Efraín González Luna, a former member of the Mexican Catholic Student Union (Unión Nacional de Estudiantes Católicos) (UNEC), a long-time militant Catholic and practicing lawyer from Guadalajara, helped broker the party's informal alliance with the Catholic Church. However, the relationship between the PAN and the Catholic Church was not without tension. The party's founder Gómez Morín

3348-476: The international trade business. Nuevo Laredo has a very developed logistics and transportation industry, complemented with a variety of hotel chains, restaurants and a cultural center where events such as the Tamaulipas International Festival take place. Nuevo Laredo is on the primary trade route connecting Canada, the United States and Mexico. Both Nuevo Laredo and Laredo, Texas are now

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3456-545: The 1980s and 1990s the criminal syndicate known as Los Texas was based in Nuevo Laredo and operated all over the Mexican states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas as well as the US state of Texas. Their leader was Arturo Martinez Herrera “El Texas”. Their criminal activity began as coyotes, sending illegal immigrants into the United States. Then they used illegal immigrants to cross the border with drugs. Their grip on Nuevo Laredo against other criminal groups generated deadly violence. “El Texas”

3564-423: The 2006 presidential election in 2006 , the PAN candidate Felipe Calderón was elected to succeed Vicente Fox. Calderón was the son of one of the founders of the PAN, and was himself a former party president. He was selected as the PAN's candidate, after beating his opponents Santiago Creel ( Secretary of the Interior during Fox's term) and Alberto Cárdenas (former governor of Jalisco ) in every voting round in

3672-725: The 2010 Census, the vast majority of Laredo's population is of Hispanic origin (95.6%), mostly Mexican (86.9%). Most Hispanics who did not identify themselves as Mexican identified as "other Hispanic or Latino" (8.3% of the total population). About 84.3% of the population identifies as white Hispanic, while only 11.3% identifies as Hispanic but not white; 4.4% of the population was not Hispanic or Latino (3.4% non-Hispanic White, 0.2% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.6% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic), and 0.1% of two or more races (non-Hispanic)). The 2005 estimate listed 99,675 males and 108,112 females. The average household contained 3.69 occupants. The population density

3780-544: The 3rd most important international commercial crossing in Mexico, so in 1891 the Congress of the state of Tamaulipas formally elevated the status of Nuevo Laredo to a city. 20th-century Nuevo Laredo was politically and socially dominated locally by the presence of the PRI political party and workers' unions. While economically, the city continued to be influenced by international trade with

3888-588: The CDN cartel. After his capture in 2016, Juan Gerardo Treviño Chávez, alias “El Huevo” assumed control of CDN. In March 2022, the Mexican military arrested “El Huevo”, sparking an extreme outbreak of violence marked by an hours-long firefight, burned-out vehicles, and shots fired at the United States Consulate in Nuevo Laredo. In November 29, 2023, the leader of the CDN Cesar Silva Delgado “El Tartas”

3996-845: The Edwards Plateau, west of the Coastal Plains, and east of the Mexican Mountains. The area consists of a few hills and flat land covered with grasses, oaks, and mesquite. Notable geographic features are the Rio Grande and Chacon Creek 's man-made reservoir, Lake Casa Blanca , in Lake Casa Blanca International State Park. The lake is 371 acres (1.5 km ) of land and 1,650 acres (7 km ) of water. The six major creeks are Chacon Creek, San Ildefonso Creek , San Ygnacio Creek , Santa Isabel Creek , Sombrerillito Creek , and Zacate Creek , all of which drain into

4104-653: The Federal District had, for the first time, members of the PAN. In 1989, Ernesto Ruffo Appel (Baja California) became the first opposition governor. Two years later, his future successor in the Baja California government, Héctor Terán Terán , became the first federal senator from the PAN. From 1992 to 2000, PAN candidates won the elections for governorships in Guanajuato , Chihuahua , Jalisco , Querétaro , Nuevo León , Aguascalientes , Yucatán and Morelos . In

4212-532: The Federal District based on conscience. The PAN has opposed measures to establish civil unions in Mexico City and Coahuila . On 9 November 2006, the government of the Federal District approved the first law establishing civil unions in Mexico . The members of the PAN, and a member of New Alliance were the only legislators that voted against it. The same year, the local legislature of Coahuila approved

4320-1043: The Free Trade or Libre Comercio Bridge, inaugurated in 1999, cargo only). There is also the Colombia-Solidarity (Solidaridad) Bridge (located about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of the city in Colombia, Nuevo León). There are no urban areas on either side of this bridge. Nuevo Laredo is a strategic investment point. On this site there are six recognized industrial parks: Oradel Industrial Center , Longoria Industrial Park, Rio Bravo Industrial Park, Modulo Industrial America, FINSA Industrial Park, and Industrial Park Pyme. The educational infrastructure amounted to 288 school sites: 71 kindergartens, 148 elementary schools, 34 junior high schools, 14 high schools, 13 vocational schools and 12 universities. There are twelve universities in Nuevo Laredo. Undergraduate studies normally last at least 3 years, divided into semesters or quarters, depending on

4428-675: The Human Rights Commission of the Federal District, for his lack of moral quality. The PAN, with the members of the Association of Catholic Lawyers, gathered signatures and turned them in to the Federal District Electoral Institute (IEDF) to void the abortion bill and force a referendum, which was also rejected by the IEDF. In May 2007, the PAN started a campaign to encourage rejections to perform abortion among doctors in

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4536-591: The King of Spain, and the settlement's territory and population remained unified for ninety years, until the war of 1846–1848, the Mexican–American War . Early in 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo divided the territory attached to Laredo between the United States ( Texas ) and Mexico ( Tamaulipas ). Nuevo Laredo was founded on June 15, 1848, by seventeen Laredo families who wished to remain Mexican and therefore moved to

4644-544: The Mexican League Champions in 1953, 1954, 1958, 1977, and 1989 and runner-ups in 1945, 1955, 1959, 1985, 1987, 1992, 1993. Their games in Nuevo Laredo are played in Parque la Junta , which opened in 1947 and has a capacity of 6,000 people. The team left the park in 2003 for Estadio Nuevo Laredo , located on the west side of the city, a move that was criticized. In 2019, Parque la Junta was refurbished to once again host

4752-433: The Mexican border, after San Diego, California , and El Paso, Texas . Its metropolitan area is the 178th-largest in the U.S. and includes all of Webb County, with a population of 267,114. Laredo is also part of the cross-border Laredo-Nuevo Laredo metropolitan area with an estimated population of 636,516. Laredo's Hispanic proportion of 95.15% is one of the highest proportion of Hispanic Americans of any city in

4860-474: The Mexican side of the Rio Grande. They identified with Mexico, its history, and its cultural customs, and decided to keep their Mexican citizenship. The founders of Nuevo Laredo even took with them the bones of their ancestors so they would continue to rest in Mexican ground. In August 25, 1855 the customs house was officially established in Nuevo Laredo by orders of Santiago Vidaurri , governor of Nuevo Leon and Coahuila , and military chief of Tamaulipas. This

4968-472: The Mexico–United States border, and the nation's largest inland port of entry. In 2005, Laredo celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding. The etymology of the name for the Spanish town of Laredo is unclear. Some scholars say the name stems from glaretum , which means "sandy, rocky place". Others state Laredo stems from a Basque word meaning "beautiful pastures". Laredo might also stem from

5076-509: The Nuevo Laredo region were the Coahuiltecas . The Coahuiltecas were hunter-gatherers who manufactured many stone and leather artifacts in order to survive the harsh environment. Later, the region saw the influx of other nomadic indigenous tribes, such as the Apaches and Comanches . The increasing numbers of Apaches led the Spanish authorities to establish military garrisons and towns to serve as

5184-673: The PAN in Zacatecas, Chiapas and Oaxaca. In 2009, the PAN held 33 seats in the Senate and 142 seats in the Chamber of deputies. In 2012, the PAN lost the Presidential Election to Enrique Peña Nieto of the PRI . They also won 38 seats in the Senate (a gain of 3 seats), and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (a loss of 28 seats). The government of president of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto (EPN) has faced multiple scandals, and allegations of corruption. Reforma who has run surveys of presidential approval since 1995, revealed EPN had received

5292-418: The PAN lost the elections for the state government of Mexico State and Nayarit to the PRI. The former was considered one of the most important elections in the country because of the number of voters involved, which is higher than the elections for head of government of the Federal District . (See: 2003 Mexican elections , 2004 Mexican elections and 2005 Mexican elections for results.) Significantly in

5400-469: The PAN lost the governorship and the majority in the state congress of Yucatán to the PRI as well as the municipal presidency of Aguascalientes , but kept both the governorship and the majority in the state congress of Baja California . The PRI also obtained more municipal presidents and local congresspeople in Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Chiapas and Oaxaca. The PRD obtained more posts than

5508-454: The PAN lost the governorship of Nuevo León to the PRI and, the following year, failed to win back the state of Chihuahua from the PRI. Coupled with a bitterly fought election in Colima that was cancelled and later re-run, these developments were interpreted by some political analysts to be a significant rejection of the PAN in advance of the 2006 presidential election . In contrast, 2004 did see

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5616-501: The PAN win for the first time in Tlaxcala , in a state that would not normally be considered PAN territory, although its candidate was a member of the PRI until a few months before the elections. It also managed to hold on to Querétaro (by a mere 3% margin against the PRI) and Aguascalientes (although in 2007, it lost most of the municipalities and the local Congress to the PRI). However, in 2005

5724-458: The Republic elected as PAN candidates (Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón) have both left the party. Fox supported Institutional Revolutionary Party presidential candidates in 2012 and 2018, while Calderón founded his own party named " México Libre ". The National Action Party was founded in 1939 by Manuel Gómez Morín , who had held a number of important government posts in the 1920s and 1930s. He saw

5832-538: The Rio Grande Museum is in the downtown historical district next to the historic La Posada Hotel. What was once the Capitol building now showcases memorabilia from the short lived Republic of the Rio Grande . It displays pictures, books, and furniture from the 19th century Laredo area, and offers guided tours for school-aged children and adults year-round. Because of this Republic, Laredo had flown seven flags instead of

5940-553: The Rio Grande. Several man-made reservoirs include the San Ildefonso Creek Lake (second-largest reservoir), and the Sombrerillito Creek Lake (third-largest reservoir). Laredo's climate is semiarid with very hot temperatures in the summer and mild temperatures during the winter. The climate is considered to be hot semiarid ( Köppen : BSh ). Its weather is affected by the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains to

6048-477: The Sacred Heart Cathedral in San Angelo to Union Church in Monterrey, Mexico . Other Laredo churches include Baptist , Presbyterian , Lutheran , Assembly of God , Mormon , and nondenominational congregations. Streets of Laredo is a 1949 Western film starring William Holden , Macdonald Carey , and William Bendix as three outlaws who rescue a young girl, played by Mona Freeman . When they become separated, two reluctantly become Texas Rangers , while

6156-418: The San Agustin parish school, and may have had a hand in the San Agustin church, itself. Both the First United Methodist Church, in 1949, and the Christ Church Episcopal, were designed by Henry Steinbomer , a popular and prolific San Antonio architect who is credited with more than 100 churches and related buildings during the 1940s and 50s, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley mostly in South and West Texas, from

6264-432: The Santo Niño Branch is in south Laredo. Two new libraries opened in 2014, one in northwest Laredo, the Fasken Library on March 14, and another in the south sometime in July. Most of Laredo's architecture is of Spanish Colonial , American , and Mexican flavor. Most of Laredo's Spanish Colonial-style buildings are in downtown Laredo. More modern American architecture can be seen along Interstate Highway 35, as well as in

6372-514: The Tecolotes. The Liga Oriente (internationally known as Oriente Little League of Nuevo Laredo) is a local baseball children’s team which has participated in Little League World Series representing Mexico, and has participated and won Little League Nationals in Mexico. Liga Oriente won the championship of Little League Mexican Nationals in 2010 and 2021. International bridges in Laredo, Texas Laredo ( / l ə ˈ r eɪ d oʊ / lə- RAY -doh ; Spanish: [laˈɾeðo] )

6480-546: The United States and its influential customs office. The Nuevo Laredo customs office became so important, that the city began to attract an influx of population from different regions of the country. Custom officials were brought from Mexico City to fill the ever-growing departments within the Custom offices in the international bridges, railroad, airport, checkpoints, tax-collecting offices , and administration office. The population growth attracted more people, which led to chaotically expand its urban sprawl. The eastern side

6588-529: The United States outside of Puerto Rico . Texas A&M International University and Laredo College are in Laredo. Laredo International Airport is within the Laredo city limits, while the Quetzalcoatl International Airport is nearby in Nuevo Laredo on the Mexican side. The biggest festival, Washington's Birthday Celebration , is held during the later part of January and the majority of February, attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists. The Spanish colonial settlement of Villa de San Agustin de Laredo

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6696-427: The adoption of such policies as correspond to the problems faced by the nation at any given moment. Thus both right- and left-wing policies may be considered equally carefully in formulation of national policy. This theory of National Action politics, rejecting a fundamental adherence to right or left, is held within a strongly Christian context, and falls under the umbrella of Christian democracy . The party theory

6804-411: The area for generations, moved across the river into Mexican territory, where they founded Nuevo Laredo . Many others, especially original land grantees on the north side of the Rio Grande remained, becoming Texans in the process. In 1849, the United States Army set up Fort McIntosh (originally Camp Crawford). Laredo was rechartered as a city in 1852. Laredo is one of the oldest crossing points along

6912-534: The city between the Sinaloa Cartel and Gulf Cartel on one side and Los Zetas on the other. Los Zetas had a rapid expansion of their criminal activities. Based in Nuevo Laredo, they expanded to 17 Mexican states. They caused many notable massacres across many of these states. Stretching of resources as well as the capture and killing of their main leaders contributed to the decline of Los Zetas. The criminal organization ceased to exist under this name and structure, in its place Cartel Del Noreste (Northeastern Cartel) or CDN

7020-758: The college or university. Every graduate gets a bachelor's degree (Licenciatura or Ingenieria). Some of these universities also offer postgraduate studies. A "maestría" is a two-year degree after a bachelor's degree, which awards the title of Master (Maestro). Nuevo Laredo has three teacher training programs: Nuevo Laredo is served by the Quetzalcóatl International Airport with daily flights to Mexico City. The neighboring Laredo International Airport in Laredo, Texas has daily flights to Houston ( George Bush Intercontinental Airport ) and to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and Tri-weekly flights to Las Vegas, Nevada and bi-weekly seasonal (May–August) flights to Orlando, Florida . Transporte Urbano de Nuevo Laredo (TUNL)

7128-470: The downtown area Our Lady of Guadalupe is an imposing structure in Romanesque Revival Lombard (North Italian) style. It was designed by Leo M. J. Dielmann of San Antonio, a popular architect of Catholic buildings, and built for a Mexican-American and Hispanic congregation in the inner city, at San Jorge Avenue and Callaghan St. Dielmann was commissioned by church authorities to design churches for similar congregations in Houston and San Antonio. He also did

7236-431: The drug-related violence, Federal level departments take part in the security effort, SEDENA Military Police ("Polícia Military") Mexican Army Troops, SEMAR Mexican Navy Troops and Federal Police. Nuevo Laredo (along with Laredo, Texas) is the most important trade border crossing of Latin America (approximately 8500 trucks cross the border each day). Its geographical position has enabled this city to grow and specialize in

7344-424: The effects of NAFTA, dozens of twin assembly plants on the Mexican side, and dozens of import export agencies to expedite trade. In January 2014, the Laredo customs district processed "$ 20 billion in two-way trade with Mexico", about half that for the entire US with Mexico for the month. Laredo is a shopping destination for Mexican shoppers from Northern Mexico. In 2015, the San Antonio Express-News reported

7452-399: The first female federal deputy. In 1967, Norma Villarreal de Zambrano ( San Pedro Garza García , Nuevo León ) became the first female municipal president. Until the 1980s, the PAN was a weak opposition party that was considered pro-Catholic and pro-business, but never garnered many votes. Its strength, however, was that it was pro-democracy and pro-rule of law, so that its political profile

7560-458: The first four federal deputies from the opposition in post-revolutionary Mexico. The following year, Manuel Torres Serranía from Quiroga , Michoacán became the party's first municipal president and Alfonso Hernández Sánchez (from Zamora , Michoacán) its first state deputy. In 1962, Rosario Alcalá (Aguascalientes) became the first female candidate for state governor and two years later Florentina Villalobos Chaparro ( Parral , Chihuahua ) became

7668-407: The foundation of the PAN in September 1939. The Jesuit student organization, Unión Nacional de Estudiantes Católicos (UNEC), provided a well-organized network of adherents who successfully fought the imposition of a particular ideological view by the state. Gómez Morín was not himself a militant Catholic, but he was a devout believer who rejected liberalism and individualism. In 1939, Gómez Morín and

7776-455: The freezing mark on 4.6 days, although, in five years, the most recent being 2015, the annual minimum temperature was above freezing. Precipitation averages 19.7 in (500 mm) annually, with higher amounts typically occurring from May to October. Although snowfall is rare in Laredo, measurable snow occurred most recently on Christmas Eve 2004, with 1.1 in (2.8 cm), and December 7–8, 2017, with 1.3 in (3.3 cm). As of

7884-571: The garment industry (Levis and Haggar) along the Texas border area. Laredo lost its only garment-producing company (Barry), costing the jobs of about 300 workers. Laredo's strong job growth rate in retail and transportation services limited the adverse effects of long-term unemployment from the few massive layoffs of the late 1990s. Laredo's success with international trade is also a vulnerability; it depends on changes to Mexico's economy, that status of immigration laws (along with daily border crossings: shoppers and commercial trade), and terrorism. Laredo

7992-570: The gateway to Mexico's burgeoning industrial complex, offering diverse markets, business opportunities and profit potential, which both business and industry cannot find anywhere else. Nuevo Laredo is the only Mexico/U.S. border city strategically positioned at the convergence of all land transportation systems. The main highway and railroad leading from Central Mexico through Mexico City , San Luis Potosí , Saltillo and Monterrey join with two major U.S. rail lines at Nuevo Laredo and major American highway Interstate 35 , thus offering fast access to

8100-460: The historic Bruni Plaza in downtown Laredo. In 1993, the citizens of Laredo approved the construction of a new main library at McPherson and Calton Roads, which opened on February 1, 1998. The Laredo Public Library has a 60,000 sq ft (6,000 m ). main library and two branches. The main library is in central Laredo; the Bruni Plaza Branch is downtown east of Washington Street, and

8208-576: The law of civil unions to which the PAN also opposed. The PAN also lodged an unconstitutionality plea before the Supreme Court of Justice of the State of Coahuila, alleging that the constitution has vowed to protect the institution of the family. Guillermo Bustamente Manilla, a member of the PAN and the president of the National Parents Union (UNPF) is the father of Guillermo Bustamante Artasánchez,

8316-418: The moisture derives from the Gulf of Mexico. Its geographic location causes Nuevo Laredo's weather to range from long periods of heat to sudden violent storms in a short period of time. Nuevo Laredo is cold for Tamaulipas standards during winter, the average daytime highs are around 19 °C (66 °F) and overnight lows around 6 °C (43 °F); although it is rare for snow to fall in Nuevo Laredo, there

8424-456: The most important metropolitan areas and seaports of Texas, as well as northern states and Canada. For more than a decade, Mexico's economic policies have greatly increased Mexico/U.S. trade and cross-border production in the Nuevo Laredo area. There are three bridges in the Nuevo Laredo area: International Bridge #1 (the oldest), International Bridge #2 (also known as Juarez-Lincoln; no pedestrians), and International Bridge #3 (also known as

8532-405: The need for the creation of a permanent political party rather than an ephemeral organization to oppose the expansion of power by the post-revolutionary Mexican state. When Gómez Morín was rector of UNAM between 1933 and 1935, the government attempted to impose socialist education. In defending academic freedom, Gómez Morín forged connections with individuals and groups that later came together in

8640-434: The number of Mexican shoppers has declined due to drug war-related violence in Nuevo Laredo. More than 47% of United States international trade headed for Mexico and more than 36% of Mexican international trade crosses through the Laredo port of entry. Laredo's economy revolves around commercial and industrial warehousing, import, and export. As a major player in international trade, the Laredo area benefited from passage of

8748-513: The number of nonagricultural jobs from 55,100 in January 1996 to 86,600 in October 2007. Laredo has had a higher job growth rate (2%–6.5%) than the state as a whole because of expanded international trade through NAFTA. In 2007, Laredo experienced a job growth rate of 2.5% with the unemployment rate as of October 2007, standing at 4.1% or 3,700 unemployed persons, as compared to 3.9% in Texas statewide. This

8856-420: The party primaries. On 2 July 2006, Felipe Calderón secured a plurality of the votes cast. Finishing less than one percent behind was Andrés Manuel López Obrador , who challenged the results of the election on possible grounds of electoral fraud. In addition to the presidency, the PAN won 206 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 in the Senate, securing it the largest single party blocs in both houses. In 2007,

8964-470: The party. The PAN had strength in Northern Mexico and its candidates had won elections earlier on, but these victories were small in comparison to those of the Institutional Revolutionary Party . In 1946, PAN members Miguel Ramírez Munguía ( Tacámbaro , Michoacán ), Juan Gutiérrez Lascurain ( Federal District ), Antonio L. Rodríguez ( Nuevo León ) and Aquiles Elorduy García ( Aguascalientes ) became

9072-400: The population not to panic. As of February 19, 2021, Nuevo Laredo reported 4,714 cases of COVID-19 . As a border town , Nuevo Laredo is known for its turf war in which drug cartels compete for control of the drug trade into the United States. Nuevo Laredo is a lucrative drug corridor. A large number of trucks pass through the area. There are multiple exploitable ports of entry. During

9180-560: The summer of 2003 through gruesome violence and military-like tactics against the Sinaloa Cartel. Los Zetas also instilled terror against journalists and civilians of Nuevo Laredo. This set a new precedent which cartels later mimicked. Los Zetas and Gulf Cartel separated in early 2010 and fought for the control of the smuggling routes to the United States. As of 2012, Los Zetas were thought to be Mexico's largest criminal organization. 2012 saw an unprecedented series of mass murder attacks in

9288-440: The third continues on a life of crime. National Action Party (Mexico) The National Action Party (Spanish: Partido Acción Nacional , PAN ) is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. It is one of the main political parties in the country, and since the 1980s has had success winning local, state, and national elections. In the historic 2000 Mexican general election , PAN candidate Vicente Fox

9396-856: The traditional Six Flags over Texas. The Laredo Center for the Arts is located in downtown Laredo. The building houses three galleries: the Goodman Gallery, the Laredo Art League Gallery and the Lilia G. Martinez Gallery. The Center for the Arts, in the former City Hall offices known as "The Mercado", displays regional artwork and provides community events for children and adults. The Laredo Little Theater provides Laredo with live stage performances. The theater also hosts comedians. Imaginarium of South Texas (formerly Laredo Children's Museum), in Mall del Norte, provides

9504-633: The west, the Gulf of Mexico to the east, and the Chihuahuan Desert of Northern Mexico and West Texas. Moisture from the Pacific is cut off by the Mexican mountain range. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 57.6 °F (14.2 °C) in January to 89.1 °F (31.7 °C) in August; official record temperatures range from 11 °F (−12 °C) on December 30, 1983, up to 115 °F (46 °C) on May 7, 1927, June 17, 1908, and June 19, 2023. On average, temperatures reach 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher on 74.2 days annually, and fall to or below

9612-416: Was 2,250.5 inhabitants per square mile (868.9/km ). Of the 60,816 households, 56,247 or 92.5% were occupied: 33,832 were owner-occupied units and 22,415 were renter-occupied units. About 62.0% were married couples living together, 18.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were not families. Around 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who

9720-428: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.69, and the average family size was 4.18. The city's population is distributed as 35.5% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for

9828-499: Was 694 per 100,000 inhabitants. In Houston, it was 967 per 100,000 inhabitants. South Texas banking institutions in Laredo include Falcon International Bank , International Bank of Commerce , and Texas Community Bank . Laredo is the largest inland port in the United States, and Nuevo Laredo the largest in Latin America. This is due to their respective locations, served by Interstate Highway 35 / Mexican Federal Highway 85 ,

9936-447: Was a party of "civic example", an independent loyal opposition that generally did not win elections at any level. However, in the 1980s it began a transformation to a political power, beginning at the local and state levels in the North of Mexico. A split in the PAN occurred in 1977, with the pro-Catholic faction and the more secular wing splitting. The PAN had updated its positions following

10044-524: Was a significant victory not only for the PAN, but Mexican democracy. In the senate elections of the same date, the Alliance won 46 out of 128 seats in the Senate. The Alliance broke off the following year and the PVEM has since participated together with the PRI in most elections. In the 2003 mid-term elections , the party won 30.74% of the popular vote and 153 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. In 2003,

10152-410: Was actually snow on the ground for a few hours on the morning of Christmas Day 2004. Nuevo Laredo experiences an average high temperature of about 37 °C (99 °F), and an average low of about 24 °C (75 °F) during summer, and 510 millimetres (20 in) of rain per year. As Laredo sometimes undergoes drought , a water conservation ordinance was implemented in 2003. Nuevo Laredo

10260-452: Was approved at the local legislature, the PAN requested the Human Rights Commission of the Federal District (CDHDF) to enact actions on the unconstitutionality of the measure, the CDHDF rejected the request as it found no basis of unconstitutionality. After unsuccessfully appealing to unconstitutionality, the PAN declared that it may request the remotion of Emilio Álvarez Icaza , the president of

10368-474: Was arrested, and Guillermo Martinez Herrera “El Borrado” took control of Los Texas. When “El Borrado” was captured, Daniel Martinez Herrera “El Negro” became the leader, although true power remained with “El Borrado” who operated from his luxurious prison cell at Nuevo Laredo’s La Loma prison. Los Zetas , the armed wing of the Gulf Cartel, and based in Nuevo Laredo, escalated violence to unprecedented violence in

10476-486: Was born. The Cartel del Noreste, known locally by its initials CDN, grew power from its deep historical roots in Nuevo Laredo. The CDN managed to pushed away their rival cartels, Zetas Vieja Escuela and Gulf Cartel, grasping control of Nuevo Laredo. CDN also held control of Nuevo Laredo because its top leaders are locals and members of the Treviño family. First, Juan Francisco Treviño Chávez, alias “El Kiko” assumed leadership of

10584-530: Was brought back into Mexico by military force. In 1846 during the Mexican–American War , the town was occupied by the Texas Rangers . After the war, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ceded the land to the United States. A referendum was taken in the town, which voted to petition the American military government in charge of the area to return the town to Mexico. When this petition was rejected, many who had been in

10692-655: Was captured by the Mexican military and the Mexican National Guard in Nuevo Laredo. During his arrest, authorities seized a gold-plated AK-47, a handgun, ammo and magazines for high-caliber firearms. Authorities also seized 2,500 fentanyl pills. Nuevo Laredo is in the northern tip of Tamaulipas on the west end of the Rio Grande Plains . The Rio Grande is the only source that supplies its citizens with water. El Coyote Creek supplies Nuevo Laredo's only natural lake El Laguito (The Small Lake). The area consists of

10800-506: Was elected president, the first time in 71 years that the Mexican presidency was not held by the traditional ruling party, the PRI . Six years later, PAN candidate Felipe Calderón succeeded Fox following victory in the 2006 presidential election . In 2000–2012, PAN was the strongest party in both houses of the Congress of the Union (the federal legislature) but lacked a majority in either house. In

10908-669: Was ever accomplished to eliminate crime. In 2013, the decade-long PRI party hegemony in Nuevo Laredo was broken when Carlos Enrique Canturosas Villarreal of the PAN political party was elected municipal president. A shortage of natural gas led to blackouts in Texas and along the border during the February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm . Millions on both sides of the border were left without gas or electricity, heat or running water. Factories and restaurants were forced to close, and people lost their jobs. Mayor Enrique Rivas Cuéllar called upon

11016-413: Was founded by another former UNEC member, Carlos Séptien García. The PAN originally brought together the Mexican socio-economic elite opposed to President Lázaro Cárdenas ' reforms. In particular, it opposed his plan for free secular education, the nationalization of oil and land reform. The party, which at the time included personalities sympathetic to fascism , campaigned for Mexico's neutrality during

11124-464: Was founded in 1755 by Don Tomás Sánchez Barrera , while the area was part of the Nuevo Santander region in the Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain . Villa de San Agustin de Laredo was named after Laredo, Cantabria , Spain and in honor of Saint Augustine of Hippo . In 1840, Laredo was the capital of the independent Republic of the Rio Grande , set up in opposition to Antonio López de Santa Anna ; it

11232-480: Was founded in 1898 by the Improved Order of Red Men , local chapter Yaqui Tribe No. 59. The first celebration was a success, and its popularity grew rapidly; in 1923, it received its state charter . In 1924, the celebration held its first colonial pageant, which featured 13 girls from Laredo, representing the 13 original colonies. The celebration includes parades, a carnival, an air show, fireworks, live concerts, and

11340-446: Was in contrast to the dominant Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) that was widely and increasingly seen as corrupt. The PAN came to be viewed as viable opposition party for a wider range of voters as it became more secular and as Mexicans increasingly moved to cities. As the PAN increasingly called for end of fraud in Mexican elections, it appealed to a wider range of people. In 1988, the newly created Assembly of Representatives of

11448-589: Was largely developed by early figures such as Gómez Morín and his associates. However, some observers consider the PAN claim to National Action politics to be weakened by the apparent persistent predominance of conservatism in PAN policy in practice. The PAN has similarities with Europe and Latin America's Christian democratic parties. The PAN currently occupies the right of Mexico's political spectrum, advocating free enterprise , pragmatism , small government , privatization and libertarian reforms as well. The PAN

11556-503: Was leery of clerical oversight of the party, although its members were mainly urban Catholic professionals and businessmen. For its part, the Church hierarchy did not want to identify itself with a particular political party, since the Constitution of 1917 forbade it. In the 1950s, the PAN, which had been seen to be Catholic in its makeup, became more ideologically secular. The PAN initially

11664-429: Was to collect import taxes at the new border with the United States. In 1858 a duty-free zone was established along the border with the United States. Nuevo Laredo fell inside this area of tax exemption in order to be competitive with American markets. The creation of this border economic zone was ratified three years later by president Benito Juarez . During the early stage of international trade that crossed through

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