Barra de Navidad is a small town located on the western coastline of the Mexican state of Jalisco . It belongs to the municipality of Cihuatlán . The town population was 4,266 according to the 2020 census.
92-515: Colima ( Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlima] ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Colima (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Colima ), is among the 31 states that make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . It shares its name with its capital and main city, Colima . Colima is a small state of western Mexico on the central Pacific coast, and includes the four oceanic Revillagigedo Islands . Mainland Colima shares borders with
184-544: A constitutional reform eliminating the federal district and establishing Mexico City as a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. However, unlike the other states of the Union, it would receive funds for education and health. When full autonomy was granted, Mexico City adopted its own constitution (it previously had only an organic law, the Statute of Autonomy) and its boroughs expanded their local government powers. Mexico City
276-520: A contested area for cartels. The state covers a territory of 5,455 km and is the fourth smallest federal entity after Tlaxcala , Morelos and the Federal District of Mexico City , containing only 0.3% of the country's total territory. The state is in the middle of Mexico's Pacific coast , bordered by the Pacific Ocean and the states of Jalisco and Michoacán . Colima's territory includes
368-517: A council composed of councilors in terms of population size. In most cases, the council is responsible for providing all utilities required for its population. This concept, which arises from the Mexican Revolution , is known as a "free municipality". As of March 2024, there are 2,476 municipalities in Mexico. The state with the highest number of municipalities is Oaxaca , with 570, and the state with
460-698: A declaration of independence for the new nation. Iturbide was elected president of the Regency, and that afternoon the members of the Regency and the Supreme Junta signed the Declaration. A minority of the Constituent Congress, looking for stability, elected Agustín de Iturbide as emperor. On July 21, 1822, Iturbide was crowned Emperor of Mexico. However, the Constitutional Empire quickly demonstrated
552-408: A high level of socioeconomic development, with one of the highest standards of living in Mexico and lowest unemployment. In the state, 96% have running water, 82% have sewerage and 98% have electricity. The 2009 GDP of the state was 43,370,725,000 pesos. Due to its small size and population, this is only 0.5% of Mexico's total GDP. Most population and employment growth has been in the main urban areas of
644-613: A logical mistake in consummation of Independence. The dissolution of the Empire was the first political realignment of independent Mexico. After the fall of the Empire, a triumvirate called the Supreme Executive Power was created. The provisional government created the Federal Republic , and it was in effect from April 1, 1823, to October 10, 1824. Unrest in the provinces was widespread. On May 21, 1823, The Founding Plan of
736-548: A main house that dates from the 19th century and a chapel from the 17th. It has been restored and is used primarily as a museum. The United States Department of State considers the State of Colima so dangerous due to widespread crime that it has issued a "Do Not Travel" advisory to its citizens for the entire state. Indigenous, and Spanish cultures have played a part in the shaping of the state, although traces can be hidden in modern local cultures and traditions. Most crafts and dances of
828-461: A number of former haciendas , many of which have been renovated. The Del Carmen hacienda is in the municipality of Villa de Álvarez. It was a cattle ranch from the 19th century, and has been restored. The San Antonio hacienda is in the municipality of Comala. It was a coffee plantation from the 19th century, with a chapel and aqueduct, which have all been restored. The former Nogueras hacienda in Comala has
920-459: A territory. On October 10, 1824, Guadalupe Victoria took office as the first President of Mexico . The political structure of the Republic was amended by a decree on October 3, 1835, when the centralist system was established. The constituent states of the Republic lost their freedom, autonomy, independence, and sovereignty by being totally subordinated to the central government. However,
1012-512: Is 2.3 km long. It has one terminal. Most of the Colima airport flights go to Mexico City, with about 100,000 passengers going through the terminal in 2009. The state has 1,424.5 km of roadway with 686.9 km paved with asphalt and the rest stone or dirt road. The main highway out of the state connects the city of Colima and Guadalajara. The second most important connects Manzanillo with Guadalajara . This roadway has broken Mexican records in
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#17328485172791104-549: Is a small farming and fishing community located on the east end of the Bahía de Navidad, 60 km north of Manzanillo, Colima . In recent years, the Jalisco state government has promoted Barra as a tourist attraction of the Costalegre . The beachfront fronting the sandbar arks toward San Patricio, Jalisco , 4.5 kilometers to the west. The history of "modern" Barra de Navidad dates back to
1196-458: Is artificial, located in the interior port of San Pedrito and the other located in the bay proper. The artificial structure is a tall dock with a length of 450 meters and 225 meters wide for a surface of 10,125m2. The Manzanillo port has a dock for cruise ships, and an average of 58 ships visit per year. Nearby are two large private marinas, one in Las Hadas and the other at Isla Navidad. The port area
1288-627: Is divided into 16 boroughs , officially designated as demarcaciones territoriales or colloquially known as alcaldías in Spanish. Headed by a mayor, these boroughs kept the same territory and name as the former delegaciones . *Mexico's post agency, Correos de México , does not offer an official list. Various competing commercially devised lists exist. The list here reflects choices among them according to these sources . On September 27, 1821, after three centuries of Spanish rule, Mexico gained independence. The Treaty of Córdoba recognized part of
1380-464: Is hot and relatively moist, with the coast particularly moist. One exception is the Tecomán municipality where the climate is dry and very hot. The mildest climates are in the municipalities of Comala and Cuauhtémoc . On the coast, the average temperature varies from between 24 and 26 °C and inland, at the highest elevations, the temperature averages between 20 and 22 °C. Cropland covers 27% of
1472-498: Is located in what has been an agricultural valley since the colonial era, today best known for its production of limes. The town is marked by an abstract sculpture depicting a lime tree created by sculptor Sebastián, which measures thirty meters in height and weighs 110 tons. In addition to being the main lime producer, the Tecoman Valley also produces cocoa , cotton, coconuts, mangos , papaya , avocados and melons. The state has
1564-408: Is not as well known or as visited as other Pacific destinations such as Puerto Vallarta , despite long sandy beaches and docks for cruise ships. In the 2000s, the city worked to renovate its downtown, with all buildings now showing white facades and many with red tile roofs. The second most important destination is the small town of Comala , a small traditional town near the capital of Colima. Comala
1656-668: Is not fully developed, with over 130 hectares reserved for expansion. The two main airports are the Playa de Oro International Airport in Manzanillo and the Lic. Miguel de la Madrid Airport in Colima. Playa de Oro has flights to and from destinations in Mexico, the United States and Canada. The Miguel de la Madrid airport was opened in 1987, twenty-two km outside the capital. It extends over 386 hectares with runways that cover 16,200m2. The longest runway
1748-447: Is noted for its production of hammocks. Other items include huarache sandals, boots, bird cages, cold cuts and costumes and masks for traditional dance. These costumes include "Indian" dresses decorated with cross stitch. The state is also known for the production of handcrafted furniture, especially those based on the designs of Alejandro Rangel Hidalgo , from Comala. Villa de Álvarez produces decorative objects in fine wood. Suchitlán in
1840-478: Is now a museum and cultural center run by the University of Colima . Other noted artists from the state include Gabriel Portillo , Mercedes Zamora , Jorge Chávez Carrillo , Pancha Magaña and Juan Soriano . Noted writers include Gregorio Torres Quintero , Fray Juan de Grijalva , Balbino Dávalos and Felipe Sevilla . The most important transportation hub in the state is the port of Manzanillo, handling 91.3% of
1932-530: Is one of Mexico's important Pacific ports, handing regional merchandise and acting as an overflow port for other ports from Mexico to Los Angeles. Most of the state's recent economic development has been related to this port. Coquimatlán comes from a Nahuatl phrase meaning "land of networks" referring to the interconnected ravines in the area. It was founded in the very early colonial period and still maintains its narrow streets and old houses with large main doors of wood and balconies with simple ironwork. Tecomán
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#17328485172792024-776: Is the "Entrance of the Señor de la Expiración" in Rancho de Villa. On this date, the image returns to this village from Coquimatlán . It includes parades, dances, fireworks, and jaripeos . Candlemas is an important event in Tecomán with traditional dances and fairs. Candlemas in Suchitlán is the most important annual event in the region, celebrated with dances such as Los Gallitos, Los Apaches and Los Morenos. The last two dances involved dancers with elaborately carved and decorated masks. Villa de Álvarez celebrates its annual Fiestas Charro-Taurinas, originally
2116-595: Is the Cerro Grande and its related peaks of Jurípicho-Juluapan, Los Juanillos, La Astilla, El Ocote, El Peón, El Barrigón, San Diego, and La Media Luna. The second consists of mountain chains parallel to the coast between the Marabasco and Armería Rivers, which include El Espinazo del Diablo, El Escorpión, El Tigre, El Aguacate, El Centinela, El Tora and La Vaca. The third is located between the Armería and Salado Rivers and includes
2208-402: Is the city of Colima handing both basic commodities and industrial and other commercial merchandise for the rest of the state. Just under 95% of Colima's commercial enterprises are retail outlets with 5.6% involved in wholesale. Only three percent of these enterprises are modern facilities with twenty-one traditional markets , forty-five major tianguis and numerous corner stores still dominating
2300-471: Is the primary producer of limes in Mexico. Other important crops include corn, rice, melons, sorghum , chili peppers , coffee, tomatoes and tomatillos . By volume the most important livestock is that of cattle, followed by domestic fowl, then honey and beeswax. Most livestock production is in the north of the state due to climate, and also includes pigs, goats and sheep. Commercially productive forest stands at about 108,225 hectares with about sixty percent of
2392-600: The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 was enacted. The constitution officially created the United Mexican States . The country was composed of 19 states and 4 federal territories. After the publication of the constitution, on November 18, the Federal District was created. On November 24, Tlaxcala , which had retained a special status since the colonial era, was incorporated as
2484-529: The Plan of Casa Mata , to which later joined Vicente Guerrero and Nicolás Bravo . Iturbide was forced to reestablish the Congress and, in a vain attempt to save the order and keep the situation favorable to his supporters, he abdicated the crown of the empire on March 19, 1823. Congress nullified the designation of Iturbide and therefore the recognition of the abdication. It deemed the coronation of Iturbide to have been
2576-468: The Revillagigedo Islands —Socorro, San Benedicto, Clarión, and Roca Partida. These are under federal jurisdiction but are considered part of the municipality of Manzanillo . Politically, the state is divided into ten municipalities . Natural geography divides the state into a northern and southern region. The north has a cooler climate due to the higher mountains. The south is hotter and includes
2668-776: The Viceroyalty of New Spain as an Independent Empire – "monarchist, constitutional and moderate". The new country named itself the Mexican Empire . The morning after the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City on September 28, 1821, Agustín de Iturbide ordered the Supreme Provisional Governmental Junta (September 1821 – February 1822) to meet to elect a president of the Imperial Regency and to issue
2760-417: The tarantula species Brachypelma hamorii is found, the other two being Michoacán and Jalisco . In the latter part of the 20th century, Colima had a very high population growth, expanding from 112,321 in 1950 to 567,996 in 2005. This growth was slowed by family planning programs. Despite this population growth, the state still ranks last of Mexico's federal entities, with a total of 650,555 according to
2852-594: The 1980s. This is mostly due to more intensive ocean activities, but fish production from rivers and lakes has also grown, at about twelve percent. Principal catches include tuna and squid, in which Colima ranks nationally at third and fourth place respectively. Other commercial species include huachinangos , red porgy , combers , wahoo , and mojarra . Fish farming mostly concerns raising shrimp along lakes and lagoons, such as Cuyutlán, Chupadero, and Potrero Grande, with an annual production of about 5,000 tons. Some oyster raising takes place as well. The fishing industry in
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2944-442: The 2010 census, only 0.6% of the country's total. By 1980, the majority of the state's population was living in urban centers. Today, 89% live in urban areas, above the national average of 78%. These urban populations are concentrated in the municipalities of Colima , Manzanillo , Tecomán and Villa de Alvarez . The majority of the population is mestizo (mixed indigenous and Spanish). As of 2005, some 2,880 people were counted with
3036-566: The Alcomún y Partida, San Miguel y Comala and San Gabriel/Callejones peaks. The last is between the Salado and Naranjo or Coahuayana Rivers and contains small mountain chains such as the Piscila, Volcancillos, La Palmera, El Camichín and Copales. Three quarters of the state is covered by mountains and hills. At the very north of the state, the border is marked by two volcanoes. The Colima Volcano , also called
3128-723: The Coahuayana. Many of the state's streams and arroyos empty into the Salado. Colima has a relatively short coastline, at 139 km (1.2% of Mexico's total). It extends from the Boca de Apiza to the Cerro de San Francisco in front of Barra de Navidad, Jalisco . Coastal lagoons include the Potrero Grande in Manzanillo along with the Miramar and the San Pedrito. On the Tecomán municipality coast there are
3220-570: The Federal District would become a part of the Department of Mexico. The territories of Alta and Baja California would form the department of the Californias. Coahuila y Tejas would be divided into two departments. Colima would form part of Michoacán, and Aguascalientes would be declared a department. This period of political instability caused several conflicts between the central government and
3312-625: The Federal Republic was enacted. Its sixth article stated, "The component parts of the Republic are free, sovereign and independent States in that which touches internal administration and government". Most of the Free States , which were invited to form the Federal Republic , joined the Union, except for the five Central American provinces , the former Captaincy General of Guatemala , which formed their own Federal Republic . On January 31, 1824,
3404-583: The French army of Napoleon III . The Empire was deposed in 1867 by the republican forces of Benito Juárez and the Federal Republic was restored again under the Constitution of 1857. The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 was the result of the Mexican Revolution . The third Constitution of Mexico confirmed the federal system of government that is currently in effect. Barra de Navidad, Jalisco Barra de Navidad ("Christmas Sandbar")
3496-597: The History of the State is located at Jardín Juárez in the city of Colima. It dates from the early 20th century and was home to the Escuela de Artes Aplicadas. San Francisco de Almoloyan in the city of Colima is the ruins of an old Franciscan monastery from the 16th century. The Mesón de Caxitlán on the Colima Tecomán highway is the ruins of an old in on the former royal road from the 18th century. Other important attractions include
3588-531: The Mexican Federation are free, sovereign, autonomous and independent of each other. They are free to govern themselves according to their own laws; each state has a constitution that cannot contradict the federal constitution, which covers issues of national competence. The states cannot make alliances with other states or any independent nation without the consent of the whole federation, except those related to defense and security arrangements necessary to keep
3680-635: The Number One hotel/resort in Mexico by the Travel Channel. These boats (panga taxies) also carry passengers to and from the small Colima community of Colimilla where restaurants line the shore. In 2012 many of Barra de Navidad's seaside businesses were left in ruins after Hurricane Jova . The businesses recovered despite the damage and high tide. However, the number of visiting tourists has decreased substantially ever since. Cruiser's Guide to Barra de Navidad (for visitors by sailboat) This article about
3772-574: The Pacific Ocean coastline. The Revillagigedo Islands, of volcanic origin, are dispersed along the 19° north parallel over an area of about 400 km—with a total landmass of 205 km. The altitude varies from sea level to 3,839 m (12,595 ft) at the crater of the Volcán de Colima . The state is in an offshoot of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range and geographically consists of four mountain systems. The most important of these
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3864-568: The Volcán de Fuego, is active and the Nevado de Colima is not. The Nevado de Colima is taller at 4,271 m (14,013 ft) and gives its name to the national park that surrounds it. The Colima Volcano, 3825 m (12,549 ft), has a pyramidal peak, in contrast to the other, which has been leveled somewhat. The last major eruptions of the Colima Volcano occurred in 1998 and 1999. The main rivers of
3956-666: The ability to speak an indigenous language. This is about 7 out of 1,000 people, slightly higher than the nation's average of 6 per 1,000 people. There are ethnic Nahua and Otomi communities in Zacualpan and Suchitlán in the municipality of Comala, in Juluapan and Pueblo Nuevo in the municipality of Villa de Alvarez and in Las Pesadas in the municipality of Minatitlán . According to the 2020 Census, 1.86% of Colima's population identified as Black, Afro-Mexican , or of African descent. Over 95% of
4048-552: The area from Pátzcuaro. It is celebrated with horse races, mojigangas, traditional dance, processions, and music. On September 29 Tamala, the municipality of Ixtlahuacán celebrates the feast of the Archangel Michael with a change of "mayordomos" (festival sponsors). The most important festival in the state is Day of the Dead . For the weeks before and after, the state holds its Agricultural, Industrial, and Cultural Fair. On November 1,
4140-531: The area, and it was renamed San Francisco de Almoloyan. It was recognized as a town in 1860, with the name of Villa de Álvarez in honor of the first governor of the state. It was designated a city in 1991. Manzanillo is the state's primary port and tourist destination. It is on the Pacific coast, less than two hours' drive from the capital. Manzanillo is mostly popular with regional tourists and sports fishermen, but there have been efforts to broaden its appeal. The city
4232-433: The border states secure in the event of an invasion. The political organization of each state is based on a separation of powers in a congressional system: legislative power is vested in a unicameral congress (the federal congress has two chambers), executive power is independent of the legislature and vested in a governor elected by universal suffrage , and judicial power is vested in a Superior Court of Justice . Since
4324-462: The capital city of Colima. The former state government palace is located in the center of the city of Colima and dates from the 19th century. The main stairwell contains a mural by Colima painter Jorge Chávez Carrillo . The Palacio Federal is near Jardín Núñez in the city of Colima and dates from the beginning of the 20th century. The upper floor contains murals with scenes depicting Mexico City and portraits of people from Mexico's history. The Archive of
4416-449: The city of Colima and Manzanillo, including: Correo de Manzanillo , Diario de Colima , and Ecos de la Costa. The formal name of the state is "Estado Libre y Soberano de Colima" (Free and Sovereign State of Colima). The state is named after the capital city of Colima . This name is most likely derived from a Nahuatl phrase "coliman", but the original meaning is in doubt with two most accepted versions. One interpretation means "place in
4508-514: The city of Colima has an agricultural, livestock, commerce, and industry fair that includes dances, parades with floats and a charreada. Pastorelas are most commonly seen during December between the feast day of the Virgin of Guadalupe (December 12) and Christmas. Comala celebrates the feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe from the first to the December 12 with processions, bullfights, jaripeos, cockfights —and on
4600-457: The current location in 1527. The capital remains the state's economic, political and cultural center. Villa de Álvarez is part of the city of Colima's metropolitan area. It maintains a distinct identity, with a combination bullfighting and charreada event that is one of the oldest of its kind in northwestern Mexico, which takes part in La Petatera , a bullring that is assembled each year for
4692-453: The decree of the law October 3, 1835; the Republic would be divided into departments, these in districts and the districts in parties. The 2nd article posited that the division of the Republic into departments would be under a special law with constitutional character. On December 30, 1835, a transitory decree was added to the Seven Laws . The decree stated that the territory of Tlaxcala and
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#17328485172794784-459: The decree to create a Constitutive Act of the Mexican Federation was issued, which incorporated the basic structure of the Federal Republic. It was determined that the criteria for inviting states to the federation should be that they "...not be so few that through expansion and wealth in a few years they be able to aspire to constitute themselves as independent nations, breaking the federal bond, nor so many that through lack of manpower and resources
4876-468: The dimensions of its bridges. There are 191.5 km of railway with fifteen active stations. There are eight AM radio stations operating in the state and five FM stations. Most are in Colima and Manzanillo. There is no local television station with programming coming from Mexico City and through cable. Telephone service covers the entire state but rural areas still use analog. There are still some telegraph centers. The state has fourteen newspapers mostly in
4968-519: The early morning of November 21, 1564, armed with five ships and 500 soldiers, Miguel López de Legazpi , Lope Martín and sail-captain Andrés de Urdaneta also sailed from the port of Barra de Navidad. The large lagoon behind Barra de Navidad is criss-crossed by small fishing boats gathering scallops and transporting visitors and locals from Barra to Isla Navidad and the Grand Bay Hotel, recently voted
5060-471: The eighth with a dance to popular music, floats, and fireworks. The state has produced one internationally famous artist named Alejandro Rangel Hidalgo . He is best known for illustrating Christmas cards for UNICEF in the 1960s, but he did much other work and designed furniture in a style now called Rangeliano. Many of his works are preserved at his former home of the Nogueras Hacienda in Comala, which
5152-402: The entities of the country, and there were rebellions in several states: On September 11, 1842, the region of Soconusco joined Mexico as part of the department of Chiapas . The Federal Republic was restored by the interim president José Mariano Salas on August 22, 1846. The state of Guerrero was provisionally erected in 1849, on the condition that it be approved by the legislatures of
5244-443: The event, made of logs and petates , and that is known as one of the world's largest crafts. It is also known for late evening meals called cenadurias that typically feature sopes , enchiladas , tostadas , pozole , atole , and tamales . The city of Los Martínez began at the end of the 18th century, established by someone known only by his last name of Martínez. In 1818, a strong earthquake sent many from nearby San Francisco to
5336-496: The feast of the city's patron saint, Philip of Jesus . In addition to bullfights and charreadas , mojigangas are featured. The Paspaques of Suchitlán—an agricultural ritual of pre-Hispanic origin—is celebrated by the Nahuas of this small village on March 19. It centers on preparing corn in various ways, such as tortillas, tamales, pozole , and more. Holy Week is a major event in many municipalities, which often hold passion plays during
5428-469: The federation. Therefore, the president of Mexico , who represented the federation, designated its head of government , previously referred to as the regent ( regente ) or head of department ( jefe del departamento ). However, the Federal District received more autonomy in 1997, and its citizens were then able to elect their chief of government for the first time. In 2016, the Mexican Congress approved
5520-485: The hand of the grandfather" with "grandfather" possibly referring to the volcano. The other interpretation is "place in the hands of the ancestors". A third interpretation is based on an interpretation of Colima's glyph as it appears in the Nomina and Mendocino codices, which has a bent arm with the hand turned and water on the shoulder. This glyph is still used in the state's seal. This interpretation would then be "place where
5612-505: The incompatibility of its two main parts: the Emperor and the Constituent Congress. The deputies were imprisoned just for expressing their opinions, and eventually Iturbide decided to dissolve the Congress and instead establish a National Board. The lack of a legitimate legislature, the illegitimacy of the Emperor, and the absence of real solutions to the nation's problems increased revolutionary activity. Antonio López de Santa Anna proclaimed
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#17328485172795704-581: The lagoons of Alcuzahua and Amela, with the Cuyutlán lagoon split between the municipalities of Armería and Manzanillo. Inland, there are various fresh water lakes, with the larger ones near the coast and smaller ones in the Valley of Colima . The valley lakes are fed by the runoff from the Colima Volcano and include the Carrizalillo, Las Cuatas, El Jabalí, El Calaboso, La María and La Escondida. The predominant climate
5796-504: The lowest number is Baja California Sur , with only five. Mexico City is the capital of the United Mexican States. It had special status as a federal district until January 2016 and was originally called Distrito Federal . Mexico City was separated from the State of Mexico , of which it was the capital, on November 18, 1824, to become the capital of the federation. As such, it belonged not to any state in particular but to all of them and to
5888-541: The method of proportional representation . Federal Deputies, however, do not represent the states, but rather the citizens themselves. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate together comprise the Congress of the Union . The states are internally divided into municipalities. Each municipality is autonomous in its ability to elect its own council. A council is headed by a mayor who is elected every three years. Each municipality has
5980-420: The mid-16th century when the Spanish used it for ship building, repairs and a jumping off point to the Philippines . A monument has been erected as a memory to these journeys at the end of the jetty. Ruy López de Villalobos (1500–1544) fleet of six galleon ships, the Santiago , Jorge , San Antonio , San Cristóbal , San Martín , and San Juan , left Barra de Navidad with 370 to 400 men on November 1, 1542. On
6072-439: The municipality of Comala is distinguished by its production of masks and other accessories for festivals and ceremonies. Villages on the sides of the Cerro Grande are the principal producers of baskets made from reeds and palm fronds. Santiago in the municipality of Manzanillo is noted for crafts made of seashell and snail shells. The main craft in the city of Colima is the reproduction of archeological pieces, especially ceramics of
6164-487: The old red-burnished (rojo-bruñido) style. About two thirds of the state's GDP is from commerce and services which include transportation and storage, mostly linked with the Manzanillo port. Economic growth associated with the port continues to grow by double digits. Most commercial activity in general is concentrated in the cities of Colima, Tecomán and Manzanillo, which have the most developed communications, transportation and other infrastructure. The main distribution center
6256-421: The port was the point of departure for various maritime expeditions and received the annual Manila Galleon from the Philippines . It has called itself the "World Capital of the Sailfish" since 1957 when 336 species were caught off its shores. The abundance of this fish along with marlin has made it a popular destination with sports fishermen and the city holds the annual Dorsey International fishing tournament. It
6348-416: The rainy season. Most farm work consists of the harvesting of fruit. The agricultural production supports an agro-industry that attracts workers from neighboring Jalisco and Michoacán . Most of Colima's agriculture is based on perennial plants, such as fruit trees, producing limes, coconuts, mangos and bananas, accounting for ninety percent of the volume of agricultural production and 79% of its value. Colima
6440-402: The shipping of the state and the immediate region. It also operates as an overflow port for the commercial and industrial zones of western Mexico, the Bajío area and the center of Mexico, but handles overflow from as far as Los Angeles. Most of the merchandise that passes through here is part of the trade between Mexico and Asia. The port infrastructure consists of two types of installations. One
6532-610: The state are of indigenous origin although some originated after the Conquest . The Spanish contributed to bullfighting and charreada. The most popular folk dances in the state include some that tell the story of the Spanish conquest—under various names, such as Conquista, Virgin of Guadalupe, capotes, and the fox. Another popular dance is called Apaches. These originated in the colonial period, along with Moros y Cristianos and machines. Dances with indigenous roots include sonajera India and morenos. Pastorales, or short plays with religious themes, are traditions that began in
6624-688: The state are the Cihuatlán River , also called the Chacala, Marabasco, or Paticajo, which forms the state's border with Jalisco on the west; the Armería , which descends from the Sierra de Cacoma and crosses the state north–south into the Pacific, and the Coahuayana River , which forms Colima's eastern border with Michoacán. The Salado is another important river, which flows entirely within Colima before emptying into
6716-413: The state gained 175 million pesos and had a hotel occupancy of 94%, 7% higher than the previous year. 70,249 visited during that period. Most of the visitors were at the state's beaches with the busiest being Cuyutlán, El Real and Miramar. Colima's most important tourism destination is the beaches of Manzanillo , which is popular among those in western Mexico as well as many sports fishermen. Historically,
6808-462: The state such as Colima, Villa de Alvarez, Manzanillo and Tecomán. According to INEGI (2010), 24.1% are employed in services. 20.4% in commerce, restaurants and hotels, 15.9% in transportation, storage and communications, 11.1% in finance, insurance and real estate, 9.5% in electricity, gas and water services, 5.7% in manufacturing, 5.1% in construction, 4.9% in agriculture and livestock and 3.8% in mining. Agriculture, forestry and fishing employ 1.2% of
6900-545: The state supports a canning industry mostly for tuna, shrimp and octopus along with the freezing of fish filets. Mining, construction, and utilities employ 18.5% of the population and generate 27.53% of the GDP. Half of this is from production of electricity, gas, and water services. Mining is next in importance, with production of iron, mostly from the Peña Colorada, the largest deposit in the country. Manufacturing contributes 4.7% of
6992-405: The state's GDP with 2,007 units of production. Most facilities produce beverages, metal structures, canned foods, cereals, furniture, printed materials, building supplies and dairy products. Handcrafts in the state are mostly produced for local needs rather than the tourist market. One distinguished craft is the making of palm frond hats, including a local style called the "colimote". Ixtlahuacán
7084-428: The state's population and contribute 8.45% to its GDP. Colima produces about half of Mexico's lime crop, and is second in the production of coconut meat and tuna . The principal markets for Colima's agricultural products—especially produce—are Guadalajara , Mexico City, Puebla and Monterrey . During the dry season, there is migration from the rural areas into the urban ones as most agricultural work takes place during
7176-466: The state's population is Catholic with small communities of other Christian groups making up the rest. The city of Colima is the capital and gives the state its name. It is located in the north central part of the state, just south of the foothills of the Colima Volcano in the Valley of Colima . The city began as a Spanish settlement that was originally established further south in 1523 but moved to
7268-461: The state's rodents is the Magdalena rat ( Xenomys nelsoni ), a small rare animal little known outside Colima. Bird species include wild turkeys, although these have mostly disappeared, and a bird called the chachalaca . A number of ducks and other migratory birds pass through. Reptiles include crocodiles, with a nursery in Tecomán dedicated to their survival. It is also one of three Mexican states where
7360-560: The state's territory, with another 28% dedicated to pasture. Forest covers 35% with the rest composed of bodies of water and urban areas. Most wild vegetation in the west of the state consists of moderately deciduous rainforest of medium height. Plants that lose leaves do so in the dry season. These include commercially important trees such as red cedar , caobilla ( Couratara guianensis ), parota ( Enterolobium cyclocarpum )—and trees locally known as primavera, rosa morada, habillo, payolo, pelillo, barsino , and salatón . From
7452-465: The state. Commercial sales increase by about five percent per year. Much of the state's tourism centers on its beaches in Manzanillo, and in the municipalities of Armería and Tecomán. Manzanillo is the most popular in the state, and a major tourism destination for Mexico's Pacific coast. For this reason, it has developed infrastructure with hotels, restaurants, golf courses, and other attractions. For Holy Week 2011, one of Mexico's busiest vacation times,
7544-433: The states have legal autonomy, each has its own civil and penal codes and judicial body. In the Congress of the Union , the federative entities (the states) are each represented by three senators. Two are elected by universal suffrage on the principle of relative majority and one is assigned to the party that obtains the largest minority. In addition, the federation makes up a constituency in which 32 senators are elected by
7636-429: The states of Jalisco and Michoacán . In addition to the capital city of Colima, the main cities are Manzanillo , Villa de Alvarez and Tecomán . Colima is the fourth smallest state in Mexico and has the smallest population, but has one of Mexico's highest standards of living and the lowest unemployment. It is also the state with the highest murder rate per capita and one of the highest crime rates, due to its ports being
7728-513: The states of México , Puebla and Michoacán , whose territories would be affected. On February 5, 1857, the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857 was enacted. In 1864, however, after the French intervention , the conservative Mexicans restored the constitutional monarchy , known as the Second Mexican Empire , led by the emperor Maximilian of Habsburg and supported by
7820-422: The system should come to be unworkable." Between 1823 and 1824, some of the Free States created their own constitutions, and others had already installed a Constituent Congress. Special cases were those of Yucatán , which on December 23, 1823, decided to join the federation but as a Federated Republic, and Chiapas , which decided by referendum to join the federation on September 14, 1824. On October 4, 1824,
7912-491: The territorial division itself was the same, as the text of Article 8 of the Law determined: The national territory is divided into departments , on the basis of population, location and other leading circumstances: its number, extension and subdivisions, would be detailed by constitutional law. The Seven Constitutional Laws ( Spanish : Siete Leyes Constitucionales ) were promulgated on December 30, 1836. The 1st article confirmed
8004-432: The trees salable. These forests are mostly rainforest , with some areas of holm oak . Lumber harvesting has decreased in the state owing to conservation measures. Fishing is concentrated on the coastline in ocean waters of about 641 km as well as in 8,350 hectares of lagoons and 2,032 inland bodies of waters. There are also about 3,000 hectares dedicated to fish farming. Fish production has increased considerably since
8096-618: The very early colonial period. A popular one from that time is the Adoration of the Three Wise Men, though it has evolved to meet modern tastes. Colima has a number of important local festivals and other annual events. January 6 is the Los Chayacates de Ixtlahuacán —a mix of indigenous and Catholic practices based on the pastorale and the cultivation cycle of corn. On the Tuesday after Epiphany
8188-506: The waters bend". Political divisions of Mexico The United Mexican States ( Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos ) is a federal republic composed of 32 federal entities: 31 states and Mexico City , an autonomous entity. According to the Constitution of 1917 , the states of the federation are free and sovereign in all matters concerning their internal affairs. Each state has its own congress and constitution. The states of
8280-620: The week. The Feria de Manzanillo occurs from April 29 to May 1 and celebrates the anniversary of its designation as a major port (Puerto de Altura). It is held with street parties, dances, contests, and jaripeos. May 3 is the Day of the Holy Cross, important in Suchitlán, and celebrated with the morenos dance. The Fiestas del Cristo de Caña in Quesería in May revolves around an 18th-century Christ image that came to
8372-449: The west of Manzanillo and into the municipalities of Armería and Coquimatlán , there is rainforest of medium height with tree species such as copal ( Bursera ) and cuajilote ( Parmentiera aculeatea ), with some pines, oaks , and salt friendly mangrove forests and scrub. There is great diversity of wildlife species although a number of mammal species, such as ocelots , pumas , wild boar and deer, are disappearing. Among
8464-411: Was named a " Pueblo Mágico " in 2002 because of its natural surroundings and traditional architecture, which its downtown declared a historic monument. Since 1962, all the buildings in the town have been painted white and most have red tile roofs, giving it the nickname of "White Village of America." Most of the other attractions of the state are related to its history, and most of these are in and around
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