125-442: The Nottingham Suburban Railway was a British railway company that constructed a line 3.65 miles (5.87 km) in length serving the north-eastern suburbs of Nottingham . It was built to shorten the distance by train to Ilkeston and towns on the Leen Valley railway line , and to connect important brickworks near Nottingham. The short line was expensive to build due to difficult topography; it opened in December 1889, and
250-660: A 68% year-on-year increase. In 2017, Nottingham came seventh in Harper Dennis Hobbes's Top 50 British Centres, behind the West End of London , Glasgow , Birmingham , Manchester , Leeds and Liverpool . The Bridlesmith Gate area has numerous designer shops, one being the original Paul Smith boutique. There are various specialist shops and small businesses in side streets and alleys: notable streets include Poultry Walk, West End Arcade and Hurts Yard and Derby Road (the latter once known for antiques). Smaller shopping areas in
375-581: A London Extension from Annesley, passing through Nottingham, obtaining Parliamentary authority in 1893. The MS&LR changed its name to the Great Central Railway in 1897. After considerable negotiation, the Great Northern Railway and the Great Central Railway agreed to build jointly a new large passenger station in central Nottingham. This opened on 24 May 1900 and (later) became known as Nottingham Victoria station . The passenger service over
500-599: A branch to Hyde from Newton , on the main line on 1 March 1858. Newton station had been called Newton & Hyde (now Hyde North), and an omnibus service to Hyde itself had been operated at one time. (The Hyde station is now Hyde Central .) Parliamentary sanction was given in 1858 to extend the Hyde branch to Compstall Bridge, then a local centre of industry. In fact the extension was from Hyde to Marple , with intermediate stations at Woodley and Romiley ; it opened on 5 August 1862. A further extension looked advantageous, and this
625-698: A day were introduced between Sheffield (Bridgehouses) and London (Euston Square) via Beighton, Eckington and the Midland Railway and the LNWR. A considerable step forward was taken when the new Sheffield station (in due course named "Victoria") was opened on 15 September 1851. It was very commodious; the Bridgehouses station was converted to a goods depot. The second bore of the Woodhead tunnel opened for traffic on 2 February 1852; its beneficial effect on train operating
750-560: A distance." During the Industrial Revolution , much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the textile industry ; in particular, the city became an internationally important centre of lace manufacture. In 1831 citizens rioted in protest against the Duke of Newcastle 's opposition to the Reform Act 1832 , setting fire to his residence on the site of Nottingham Castle. In common with
875-520: A dozen or more substantial bridges. The construction was complete in November 1889. Major General Hutchinson of the Board of Trade inspected the line on 22 November 1889 and was satisfied, and the line opened for ordinary traffic on 2 December 1889. The first train was delayed when the contractor's agent stopped it by standing on the line showing a red flag at Trent Lane Junction; the contractor Edwards claimed he
1000-688: A length of the Mapperley Tunnel, on the line from Colwick to Daybrook, collapsed, blocking the line. While repairs were being carried out the heavy GNR coal traffic from west and north of Nottingham was carried over the Nottingham Suburban Line, which required reversal in London Road yard. On 10 July 1928 the King and Queen visited Sherwood for a ceremony involving 17,000 children. Sherwood and Thorneywood stations were reopened on that day to enable
1125-575: A letter from the prime minister, the Marquess of Salisbury to the mayor, dated 18 June 1897. Nottingham was extended in 1933 by adding Bilborough and Wollaton , parts of the parishes of Bestwood Park and Colwick , and a recently developed part of the Beeston Urban District . A further boundary extension was granted in 1951 when Clifton and Wilford (south of the River Trent) were incorporated into
1250-649: A line from Staveley to Annesley, joining the GNR Leen Valley Line at Newstead; this brought additional traffic to the GNR lines: the MS&;LR ran a Sheffield to Nottingham passenger service of six trains a day, running over the Suburban Line to London Road. In the first few months (only) of 1893 the GNR ran a corresponding service from Nottingham to Staveley. The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway decided to build
1375-428: A line from Huddersfield to Penistone on 1 July 1850; MS&LR passenger trains began to run over it into Huddersfield. The Leverton line, leading towards Lincoln, was opened on 7 August 1850, forming a shortened route between Retford and Lincoln. It was supposed to enable MS&LR trains to run through to Lincoln over the GNR, and in return for the GNR to reach Sheffield; however because of its traffic agreement with
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#17331158260311500-529: A list of 20 Cities of Literature. The title reflects Nottingham's literary heritage, with Lord Byron , D. H. Lawrence and Alan Sillitoe having links to the city, as well as a contemporary literary community, a publishing industry and a poetry scene. The city is served by three universities: the University of Nottingham , Nottingham Trent University and the Nottingham campus of the University of Law ; it hosts
1625-421: A marshalling point. Carrying the GNR into Derbyshire had required a route making a circuit round the north of Nottingham from Colwick, but this meant that GNR passenger trains from Nottingham itself had to travel east, and then north and west. Reaching Daybrook , they had travelled 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles but were only 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles from their starting point. Moreover the heavy mineral traffic on
1750-685: A number of independent schools. The city's oldest educational establishment is Nottingham High School , which was founded in 1513. The city contains several notable museums including: In 2015, the National Videogame Arcade was opened in the Hockley area of the city; being "the UK's first cultural centre for videogames". It was announced in June 2018 that the arcade was soon to close and relocate to Sheffield city centre, where it reopened in November 2018 as
1875-610: A reported population of 323,632. The wider conurbation, which includes many of the city's suburbs, has a population of 768,638. It is the largest urban area in the East Midlands and the second-largest in the Midlands. Its Functional Urban Area, the largest in the East Midlands, has a population of 919,484. The population of the Nottingham/ Derby metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,610,000. The metropolitan economy of Nottingham
2000-461: A second Act of 25 June 1887. In fact the final cost of the construction works was about £262,500. The terrain was hilly, and three tunnels were required. Approaching Nottingham from Colwick, the GNR line ran south of the Midland Railway route from Newark , as far as Trent Lane, where the lines crossed over. The planned line was to join the GNR west of Trent Lane where it was on the north side of
2125-546: A second bore of the Woodhead Tunnel. The eastward construction from the Bridgehouses terminus across Sheffield was started in May 1847. The MS&LR soon ran short of money, and a loan of £250,000 had to be negotiated; deliveries of locomotives were slowed, as were certain infrastructure improvements; the stations at Dog Lane, Hazlehead, Oxspring and Thurgoland were closed to passenger traffic as from 1 November 1847. One new station
2250-480: A temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) is recorded at least 1 day per year at Watnall for the period of 1991–2020, and the warmest day of the year reaches an average of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F). For the period 1991–2020 Nottingham (Watnall) recorded on average 36.9 days of air frost per year, and Sutton Bonington 42.2. The lowest recorded temperature in Nottingham (Watnall) is −13.3 °C (8.1 °F) recorded in 23 January 1963 and 13 January 1987 , whilst
2375-599: A temperature of −17.8 °C (0.0 °F) was recorded in Sutton Bonington on 24 February 1947 . The record-low maximum temperature is −6.3 °C (20.7 °F) recorded in January 1963 . For the period of 1991–2020, the coldest temperature of the year reaches an average of −5.5 °C (22.1 °F) in Nottingham (Watnall). The city centre of Nottingham is usually defined as the Old Market Square . The square
2500-508: A year. This was accepted and the MS&LR withdrew its staff. It was a move that the MS&LR came to regret. Financially, 1855 was not a good year for the MS&LR. Trade generally had been adversely affected by the blockade of the Baltic ports , owing to the Crimean War . Passenger traffic showed decreases in all categories except second class. In the same year the maintenance of permanent way
2625-447: Is also in the area; it was built in the 1970s on the demolished Victoria railway station site. All that remains of the old station is the station hotel and clock tower. The 250-foot-high Victoria Centre flats stand above the shopping centre and are the tallest buildings in the city . The Lace Market area just south of Hockley has streets with four- to seven-storey red brick warehouses, iron railings and red phone boxes . Many of
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#17331158260312750-499: Is back on the political agenda and there is now pressure on the green belt which surrounds the city. Nottingham City Council is a unitary authority , and is based at Loxley House on Station Street. It consists of 55 councillors , representing 20 wards , who are elected every four years; the last elections being held on 2 May 2019 . The council is independent of Nottinghamshire County Council but work with them for local developments and other matters. Nottingham, though, remains
2875-560: Is dominated by the Council House , which was built in the 1920s to replace the Nottingham Exchange . The Council House has baroque columns and two stone lion statues in the front to stand watch over the square. The Exchange Arcade , on the ground floor, is a shopping centre. Tall office buildings line Maid Marian Way. The Georgian area around Oxford and Regent Streets is dominated by small professional firms. The Albert Hall faces
3000-478: Is located 33 miles (53 km) south-east of Sheffield and 45 miles (72 km) north-east of Birmingham . Nottingham is the legendary home of Robin Hood and to the lace -making, bicycle and tobacco industries. The city is also the county town of Nottinghamshire and the settlement was granted its city charter in 1897, as part of Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. In the 2021 Census , Nottingham had
3125-665: Is the seventh-largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $ 50.9 billion (2014). Aside from Birmingham, it is the only city in the Midlands to be ranked as a sufficiency-level world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Nottingham is a major sporting centre and, in October 2015, was named 'Home of English Sport'. The National Ice Centre , Holme Pierrepont National Water Sports Centre and Trent Bridge international cricket ground are all based in or around
3250-620: The East Lincolnshire Railway (now leased to the Great Northern Railway) was nearing completion too, and both lines opened on 1 March 1848. There was a through train service between New Holland and Louth , operated equally by both companies. A pier 1,500 feet in length had been provided at New Holland, which was the terminal of a ferry service to Hull. It was promised that "the rails of the New Holland line will be continued to
3375-565: The First Division , four League Cups , a UEFA Super Cup and two European Cups . During this time Forest signed Trevor Francis , Britain's first £1 million footballer, who joined the club in February 1979 from Birmingham City . The city was the site of race riots in 1958 , centred on the St Ann's neighbourhood. During the second half of the 20th century Nottingham saw urban growth with
3500-481: The Gothic revival St Barnabas' Roman Catholic Cathedral by Pugin . Nottingham Castle and its grounds are located further south in the western third of the city. The central third descends from the university district in the north, past Nottingham Trent University 's Gothic revival Arkwright Building. The university also owns many other buildings in this area. The Theatre Royal on Theatre Square, with its pillared façade,
3625-546: The Great Northern Railway and the Midland Railway . Its dominant traffic was minerals, chiefly coal, and the main market was in London and the south of England. It was dependent on other lines to convey traffic southward. The London and North Western Railway was an exceptionally hostile partner, and in later years the MS&LR allied itself with the Great Northern Railway. Passenger traffic, especially around Manchester,
3750-580: The Railway Mania took hold, it became evident that enlargement of the network dominated by a railway company was key to competitive survival, and in 1846 the SA&;MR had been authorised (by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway Act 1846 ( 9 & 10 Vict. c. cclxviii) of 27 July 1846 ) to amalgamate with three as-yet unbuilt railways: they were: The amalgamation took effect on 1 January 1847, and
3875-527: The Railways Act 1921 . The Nottingham Suburban Railway (as owner of the line) was absorbed into the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), and the Great Northern Railway was a constituent of it. The train service on the line continued at a low level. The process of absorption resulted in Suburban Railway shareholders receiving LNER stock of equal value to their own. On the evening of 23 January 1925
Nottingham Suburban Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
4000-637: The River Mersey . It had opened on 21 February 1833, and its route included rope worked inclines. It amalgamated with the Sankey Brook Navigation , forming the St Helens Canal and Railway by an act of Parliament of 21 July 1845. The construction of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway showed that merely acting as a feeder to waterborne transport was no longer competitive. John Meadows Rendel ,
4125-531: The University of Law and the University of Nottingham ; in the 2016/17 academic year, Trent University was attended by 29,370 students and Nottingham University by 32,515. The University of Nottingham Medical School is part of the Queen's Medical Centre . There are three colleges of further education located in Nottingham: Bilborough College is solely a sixth form college ; Nottingham College
4250-588: The Woodhead Tunnel , a little over 3 miles in length. The line connected with the Manchester and Birmingham Railway at its western end, and had a basic terminus in Sheffield at Bridgehouses . There was a branch from Dinting to Glossop , and another from Guide Bridge to Stalybridge . The SA&MR had been short of money during construction, and the Woodhead Tunnel was built as a single track to save money. As
4375-588: The modern Welsh name for Nottingham, and in English as the City of Caves . The English name of Nottingham is Anglo-Saxon in origin. A Saxon chieftain named Snot ruled an area known as Snotingaham in Old English ; the homestead of Snot's people ( -inga = 'the people of'; -ham = 'homestead'). Some authors derive Nottingham from Snottenga (caves) and ham (homestead) but "this has nothing to do with
4500-577: The ATP and WTA tours. This accolade came just over a year after Nottingham was named as the UK's first City of Football . The city is served by Nottingham railway station and the Nottingham Express Transit tram system; its bus company, Nottingham City Transport , is the largest publicly owned bus network in England. In December 2015, Nottingham was named a ' City of Literature ' by UNESCO , joining
4625-818: The American credit card company Capital One ; the national law firm Browne Jacobson ; and Earache Records , an independent music company founded by local resident Digby Pearson , based on Handel Street in Sneinton . Nottingham also has offices of Nottingham Building Society (established 1849); HM Revenue & Customs ; the Driving Standards Agency ; Ofsted ; the Care Quality Commission and BBC East Midlands . The schools and aerial photographers, H Tempest Ltd, were Nottingham-based for many years, until relocating to St Ives, Cornwall January 1959. Nottingham
4750-680: The English form". Nottingham Castle was constructed in 1068 on a sandstone outcrop by the River Leen . The early history of Nottingham dates back to 919 A.D. where King Edward the Elder captured Nottingham to which he built a fortress on the southern bank of the river Trent in 921 A.D. During the Norman Conquest King William the Conqueror built a castle in Nottingham which was entrusted to William Peverel . The Anglo-Saxon settlement
4875-509: The Euston Square agreement, had been negotiating with the GNR for a territorial division between the two companies, to the detriment of the MS&LR. Dow refers to this as "deplorable duplicity" by Huish. Watkin had a challenge before him; at this time traffic receipts were falling short of fixed obligations by about £1,000 a week. Huish resumed his attempts at coercion. Members of the LNWR and MS&LR boards met at Rugby on 20 July 1854. It
5000-506: The GCR line; a corresponding clockwise service ran. On 13 July 1916 the intermediate stations, Thorneywood, St Ann's Well and Sherwood were closed and only two passenger trains operated to Shirebrook over the line, with no corresponding inward trains. The main line railway companies of Great Britain were merged into one or other of four new large companies in a process called the Grouping, mandated by
5125-515: The GNR London Road station at Nottingham. There was a Sunday service of four trains each way until 31 December 1889. If the future seemed rosy, Anderson provides a measured view of this achievement: ... even as the inaugural train climbed away from Trent Lane, construction work was in progress on the Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire line to Annesley . By 1900 this new railway had been extended through Nottingham itself and as it provided
Nottingham Suburban Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
5250-486: The GNR line from Peterborough to Doncaster , connecting with the MS&LR at Retford, as well as the Gainsborough connection, would encourage a co-operation that would abstract traffic from his allies. He manipulated Allport and the MS&LR into joining a traffic agreement that contained clauses hostile to any collaboration with the GNR; this was approved on 16 January 1850. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway opened
5375-507: The GNR with an even more convenient route to the west the majority of local services were diverted on to it. Overnight the Suburban route had lost its raison d'etre and, furthermore, what few customers its three stations had managed to attract were soon tempted away by electric trams which began to serve Sherwood in 1901. On 2 January 1893 the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway opened
5500-457: The GNR. The shorter down direction line followed the originally planned alignment, and made a sharp curve rising at 1 in 49. Anderson observes that Considering its meagre achievements, the 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 mile line was a very costly venture. Land itself was inexpensive and most of the [£250,000 construction cost] was spent on conquering the undulating terrain around Mapperley with 1,048 yd of tunnelling, numerous embankments and cuttings, and
5625-669: The L&;YR all the goods business. The necessary junctions between the two routes at Stalybridge were ready on 1 July 1849, and on 1 August two new junctions with the London and North Western Railway were brought into use as well, end-on at Stalybridge with the new line from Huddersfield , and at Guide Bridge station, with the line from Heaton Norris . At the end of 1849, the MS&LR network amounted to 159 miles, with an additional 110 miles of canal. The Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Junction Railway had originally been conceived to connect
5750-500: The LNWR, the MS&LR felt obliged to try to frustrate the arrangement. At the end of May 1851 a contract was concluded with the Electric Telegraph Company which, for about £5 per mile per annum, undertook to install lines between Manchester, Sheffield, New Holland, Grimsby and Lincoln, providing not only the equipment but the clerks to operate it at the principal stations. In July 1851 through carriages by three trains
5875-574: The Leverton branch (as the Sheffield and Lincolnshire Extension Railway was now called) and certain dock works at Grimsby. There was an impressive succession of openings: the Barnetby-Lincoln line was opened on 1 February 1849, and the section from Sheffield to Beighton, where a junction was made with the Midland Railway, was opened on 12 February 1849. MS&LR passenger trains ran through to Eckington on
6000-494: The MNM&;HJR at New Mills; it opened on 1 October 1866. This gave the Midland Railway access to the MS&LR system, and thereby to Manchester. The MNM&HJR company was acquired by the MS&LR on 5 July 1865. The MS&LR had sought the support of the LNWR and L&YR for the construction of a south-to-north line from Guide Bridge to Oldham , connecting with those companies' lines. The Oldham, Ashton and Guide Bridge Railway
6125-571: The MS&LR to cross the River Trent at Gainsborough, and also to enter the eastern end of the Great Northern Railway station at Lincoln by means of a spur from Durham Ox Junction, on the line from Market Rasen. On 1 July 1859 the MS&LR brought into use the Whisker Hill curve at Retford, which enabled its passenger trains to use the Great Northern station: the MS&LR Retford station closed on
6250-502: The MSJ&AR line formed a strategic link, later enabling the MS&LR to pass Manchester and penetrate westwards. In May 1849, George Hudson , the so-called Railway King, had fallen from power as his underhand methods were exposed. The politics of the large railway companies shifted considerably, as Hudson's successors, particularly Captain Mark Huish of the London and North Western Railway, engaged in schemes to gain advantage over neighbouring lines. The MS&LR directors saw that it
6375-413: The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway and the London and North Western Railway respectively, so that the MSJ&AR was wholly and equally owned by the MS&LR and the LNWR. The line was to be in two parts. The South Junction part was to connect the London Road station of the LNWR (used by the MS&LR) with the former Liverpool and Manchester Railway (now LNWR) at Ordsall Lane. This connected
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#17331158260316500-440: The Midland Railway from Beighton. A triangular junction was formed at New Holland, leading to a branch to Barton on Humber, opened on 1 March 1849. On 2 April 1849 the section between Brigg and Gainsborough was opened. There was a triangular junction at Ulceby: the eastern side of the triangle had been in use since before July 1848. The final link, from Woodhouse junction, on the Sheffield-Beighton junction section, to Gainsborough,
6625-403: The Midland line. However this was objected to by the Board of Trade because approaching trains would be descending on a gradient of 1 in 49 approaching the junction. It was decided to make a grade-separated junction so that up (inbound) trains would cross over both the Midland and GNR lines further east on long lattice bridges, and then curve round and cross the Midland route a second time to join
6750-815: The National Videogame Museum. Nottingham is the East Midlands' largest economy. The headquarters of several large companies are based in the city: these include Alliance Boots (formerly Boots the Chemists ); Chinook Sciences; GM (cricket bats); Pedigree Petfoods ; VF Corporation (American clothing); Changan Automobile (Chinese-made automobiles); the credit reference agency Experian ; energy company E.ON Energy UK ; betting company Gala Bingo ; amusement and gambling machine manufacturer Bell-Fruit-Games; engineering company Siemens ; sportswear manufacturers Speedo ; high-street opticians Vision Express and Specsavers ; games and publishing company Games Workshop ; PC software developer Serif Europe (publisher of PagePlus and other titles); web hosting provider Heart Internet ;
6875-400: The Nottingham Suburban line was diverted to that station. In 1901 electric trams started operation in Nottingham, and extensions to the network resulted in effective competition with the passenger traffic to the intermediate stations on the line, which declined sharply. By 1914 the majority of trains from Nottingham to Shirebrook using the Suburban Line ran non-stop to Daybrook, returning via
7000-452: The Nottingham urban district extends into Derbyshire where Ilkeston and Long Eaton are administered by Erewash Borough Council , and Ripley by Amber Valley . To the north, Hucknall is governed by Ashfield District Council , while in the east Arnold and Carlton form part of the Borough of Gedling . South of the river, the town of West Bridgford lies in Rushcliffe , as do the outlying villages of Ruddington and Tollerton and
7125-493: The OA&GBR was leased to the MS&LR and LNWR. Each subscribed £50,000. By the end of March 1860 the line had been finished between Guide Bridge and the junction with the L&YR near Ashton-under-Lyne, but unusually wet weather delayed the completion of the remainder. On 31 July 1861 the line was opened formally. Passenger trains started running on 26 August, the MS&LR providing the locomotives and carriages; goods traffic did not start until 1 February 1863. Liverpool
7250-407: The Sheffield, Ashton under Lyne and Manchester Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway . The Manchester and Birmingham Railway would benefit too from the connection. It was authorised on 21 July 1845 as an independent private company, with three shareholders: the SA&MR, the M&BR and the Earl of Ellesmere . His share was bought out in 1847 and the two railway companies had merged into
7375-413: The UK textile industry, Nottingham's textile sector fell into decline in the decades following the Second World War . Little textile manufacture now takes place in Nottingham; however, many of the former industrial buildings in the Lace Market district have been restored and put to new uses. Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and at that time consisted of
7500-482: The United Kingdom, Nottingham has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb) and experiences warm mild summers and mild to cool winters with abundant precipitation throughout the year. There are two weather-reporting stations close to Nottingham: the former "Nottingham Weather Centre", at Watnall , about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of the city centre; and the University of Nottingham 's agricultural campus at Sutton Bonington , about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of
7625-485: The brick arch bridge over Trent Lane that carried the up line at the grade-separated junction. The former station house at St Ann's Well was still extant in 2021, as is the station masters house at Thorneywood as a private dwelling. Locations: Nottingham Nottingham ( / ˈ n ɒ t ɪ ŋ ə m / NOT -ing-əm , locally / ˈ n ɒ t n ʊ m / ) is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire , East Midlands , England. It
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#17331158260317750-487: The buildings have been converted into apartments, bars and restaurants. The largest building in the Lace Market is the Adams Building , built by Thomas Chambers Hine for Thomas Adams (1807–1873), and currently used by Nottingham College . The Georgian-built Shire Hall, which was once Nottingham's main court and prison building, is now home to the National Justice Museum (formerly the "Galleries of Justice"). Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem (the Trip), partially built into
7875-433: The castle during medieval times. There are also caves beneath the Salutation that date back to the medieval period, although they are no longer used as beer cellars. The Bell Inn is probably the oldest of the three pub buildings still standing, according to dendrochronology , and has medieval cellars that are still used to store beer. Almost 62,000 students attend the city's three universities, Nottingham Trent University ,
8000-409: The castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the Old Market Square became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later. Defences consisted initially of a ditch and bank in the early 12th century. The ditch was later widened, in the mid-13th century, and a stone wall built around much of
8125-457: The cave system beneath Nottingham Castle, is a contender for the title of England's Oldest Pub, as it is supposed to have been established in 1189. The Bell Inn in the Old Market Square, and Ye Olde Salutation Inn (the Salutation) in Maid Marian Way have both disputed this claim. The Trip's current timber building probably dates back to the 17th or 18th century, but the caves are certainly older and may have been used to store beer and water for
8250-417: The children and others to travel to the event. On 9 February 1930 the line was singled; only one passenger train used the line, and that ceased to operate after 14 September 1931. On 9 March 1941 an enemy bomb exploded on the line not far from Trent Lane Junction, severing the route there. By this time only Thorneywood had revenue traffic use, accessed from the Daybrook end, so it was decided not to reinstate
8375-440: The city are the older Flying Horse Walk , The Exchange Arcade , Hockley and newer Trinity Square and The Pod. Nottingham's Victoria Centre is the city's main retail shopping centre: it was the first to be built in the city and was developed on the site of the former Nottingham Victoria railway station . Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway ( MS&LR )
8500-428: The city centre. The highest temperature recorded in Nottingham (Watnall) stands at 39.8 °C (103.6 °F), whilst Sutton Bonington recorded a temperature of 39.4 °C (102.9 °F), both recorded on 19 July 2022 , and the record-high minimum temperature is 20.3 °C (68.5 °F) recorded on 20 July 2022. On average, a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) or above is recorded on 11 days per year, whilst
8625-513: The city, native wildlife includes red fox , peregrine falcon and common kingfisher . Notable nature reserves around the city include Attenborough Nature Reserve SSSI, Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve, Holme Pit SSSI, Fairham Brook Local Wildlife Site and Wollaton Park . Due to its position as a central city with strong transport links, Nottingham has become home to invasive animal and plant species including rose-ringed parakeet , Japanese knotweed and Himalayan balsam . In 2017 it
8750-658: The city, these areas are governed by a two tier system of local government. Nottinghamshire County Council is based at the county hall. It provides the upper tier of local government whilst the lower tier is split into several district or borough councils. The County Council are responsible for Health, Social Care, Education, Highways, Transport, Libraries and Trading Standards, whilst the lower tier councils are responsible for local planning, neighbourhood services, housing, licensing, environmental health and leisure facilities. The towns of Beeston , Stapleford and Eastwood are administered by Broxtowe Borough Council . Further west still,
8875-427: The city, which is also the home of two professional football teams: Notts County , recognised as the world's oldest professional league club, and Nottingham Forest , famously two-time winners of the UEFA European Cup under Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in 1979 and 1980 . The city has professional rugby, ice hockey and cricket teams; it also hosts the Aegon Nottingham Open , an international tennis tournament on
9000-461: The city. Electric trams were introduced to the city in 1901; they served the city for 35 years until 1936. Trams were reintroduced after 68 years when a new network opened in 2004. In the sporting world, Nottingham is home to the world's oldest professional football club, Notts County , which was formed in 1862. The town's other football club, Nottingham Forest , had a period of success between 1977 and 1993 under manager Brian Clough , winning
9125-474: The coalfields of west Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Carrying coal south, to London and the southern counties was a lucrative business. In addition, the GNR had passenger business to Ilkeston, and to towns in the Leen Valley and beyond. The Great Northern Railway developed a traffic centre for its mineral business at Colwick , on the south-eastern side of Nottingham, and in time this was developed considerably as
9250-490: The combined company was named the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway. It had headquarters at Manchester London Road station . The first board meeting of the amalgamated company took place on 6 January 1847. As well as the railway interest, the new MS&LR acquired a considerable canal network. The Sheffield, Ashton under Lyne and Manchester Railway had acquired three canals in March 1846; they were These canals cost
9375-548: The company £33,608 annually in guaranteed payments to the original proprietors. The Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway had already purchased the Sheffield Canal and it was vested in the MS&LR on 22 July 1848, and the MS&LR acquired the Chesterfield Canal on 9 July 1847. In 1847 the railway network of the MS&LR consisted of nothing more than the network of the SA&MR, with one small addition. On
9500-438: The construction; share capital was to be £250,000. The new company agreed to pay the GNR £100 for the right to make each of the new junctions with its line; the GNR would work the line, and had the power to acquire it after ten years, although this power was in fact never exercised. Nevertheless the GNR agreed to guarantee 3.5% on the projected £215,000 cost of the construction, and this and the working agreement were authorised by
9625-552: The county town of Nottinghamshire even though the county hall is in the neighbouring town of West Bridgford where the county council is based. The city also has a Lord Mayor who is selected by city councillors from among themselves. The position is largely ceremonial but the Lord Mayor also acts as Chair of Full Council meetings. The City of Nottingham's boundaries are tightly drawn and exclude several suburbs and towns that are usually considered part of Greater Nottingham . Unlike
9750-447: The danger and refused. The MS&LR decided to sever all agreements with the LNWR, and to form an alliance with the Great Northern Railway. The process to conclude these things took some time, but it resulted in transfer of the Manchester to London express passenger service to the route via Retford and the Great Northern Railway, in the same journey time as formerly via the LNWR. Of course much mineral traffic followed this transfer. Some of
9875-435: The development of new public and private housing estates and new urban centres, which have engulfed former rural villages such as Bilborough, Wollaton, Gedling and Bramcote. South of the river there has also been expansion with new areas such as Edwalton and West Bridgford, adding to Nottingham's urban sprawl . Although this growth slowed towards the end of the century, the modern pressures for more affordable and council housing
10000-531: The efforts of neutral railway companies to mediate, and it was not until 12 November 1858 that a peaceful agreement was concluded. Throughout the process, Huish had been pursuing personal antagonistic objectives, and had steadily lost the confidence of his own board, and on 11 September 1858 his resignation was accepted. Towards the end of 1851 the Board had considered the restarting of the Barnsley branch construction, which had been promised but never proceeded with. In
10125-414: The end of September; he went to the Midland Railway. A shareholders' consultative committee had been set up and was require to be involved in strategic decisions of the company; it appears that Allport considered this to be an infringement of his role. Edward William Watkin took over in his place on 1 January 1854. He had been the assistant of Huish at the LNWR and he revealed that the latter, in spite of
10250-460: The engineer of Birkenhead docks, recommended the development of a dock at Garston , on the Mersey south of Liverpool, and a connecting railway. This was authorised in 1846; it diverged from the original line to Runcorn Gap just north of the Mersey and ran west to Garston. It opened on 1 July 1852, and the dock at Garston opened on 21 July 1853. A line eastwards to Warrington was built from a junction with
10375-489: The exclusive use of the two new lines on the northern side, except in the case of accidents, and have access across the LNWR to the MSJ&;AR line. Although this seemed to be agreed smoothly enough with the LNWR, that company later used its primacy at London Road and the need for MS&LR trains to cross to the southern side there, as a means of obstructing MS&LR expansion. James Allport resigned on 20 July 1853, effective at
10500-420: The extremity of the pier". Next opening was from a junction at Ulceby (about halfway between New Holland and Grimsby) to Brigg , and a second arm of that line to Market Rasen. These sections opened on 1 November 1848. Notwithstanding the difficult financial conditions, the MS&LR network as originally planned was completed during 1849, except for the new station at Sheffield (still under construction),
10625-474: The filming location of Saturday Night and Sunday Morning , was demolished in 2003 to make way for the University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus 's expansion. In 2015, Nottingham was ranked in the top 10 UK cities for job growth (from 2004 to 2013), in the public and private sectors. and in the same year, it was revealed that more new companies were started in Nottingham in 2014–15 than in any other UK city, with
10750-514: The first day of 1847 a short spur connection was opened from the Sheffield terminal to the Sheffield station of the Midland Railway (former Sheffield and Rotherham Railway ). At this time the Midland approached from the Rotherham direction only, and it had a terminal station adjacent to Wicker, and named after that thoroughfare. The short connecting link was steeply graded and almost entirely in tunnel; it
10875-515: The highest concentration of higher education providers in the East Midlands . A community existed in what is now Nottingham's city centre before the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain . This community was recorded under the name Tigguo Cobauc ( Brythonic : Tig Guocobauc ) by the ninth century cleric Asser , in his work The Life of King Alfred . This original name survives as Y Tŷ Ogofog ,
11000-521: The hitherto separate networks east and west of Manchester. The other part was the seven-mile line to Altrincham . The line opened between Oxford Road, Manchester, and Altrincham on 20 July 1849, and it was extended back to London Road in July 1849, and from Altrincham to Bowdon in August 1849, or September 1849. The MSJ&AR network was now complete. As well as enabling a busy local passenger service, in time
11125-553: The late 18th century was the German traveller C. P. Moritz , who wrote in 1782, "Of all the towns I have seen outside London, Nottingham is the loveliest and neatest. Everything had a modern look, and a large space in the centre was hardly less handsome than a London square. A charming footpath leads over the fields to the highway, where a bridge spans the Trent. … Nottingham … with its high houses, red roofs and church steeples, looks excellent from
11250-480: The late medieval period Nottingham alabasters were exported as far afield as Iceland, and may be one reason why a small number of Icelandic immigrants lived in Nottingham during the 15th century. The town became a county corporate in 1449 giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and remained as detached Parishes of Nottinghamshire . One of those highly impressed by Nottingham in
11375-479: The legends of Robin Hood , Nottingham Castle is the scene of the final showdown between the Sheriff and the hero outlaw. King John of England (formerly Prince John) visited Nottingham in 1199 and 1202. Later King Henry III of England held a court in Nottingham. By the 15th century Nottingham had established itself as a centre of a thriving export trade in religious sculpture made from Nottingham alabaster . During
11500-403: The line led to considerable congestion delay. In 1885 a group of local businesspeople formed a project to make a new railway running more directly to Daybrook; as well as greatly shortening the journey for the growing residential passenger business, the line would link in important brickworks at Thorneywood and Mapperley . The Nottingham Suburban Railway Act was passed on 25 June 1886 authorising
11625-482: The meantime, other companies had connected the town: the Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley, Wakefield, Huddersfield and Goole Railway and the South Yorkshire Railway . It was at last completed, opening in three stages, from 15 May 1854 to 12 February 1857. The Birley coal branch, turning west from Woodhouse and 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 miles in length, was brought into use in June 1855. The MS&LR opened
11750-411: The original SA&MR line had both been strengthened with extra tie rods in the middle 1850s. They were insured respectively for £4,000 and £6,000, but now drastic repairs were required: all of the timber arches in both structures were to be replaced by wrought iron girders at a cost of £28,700 from November 1859. Not long afterwards the contractor system of permanent way maintenance came to an end when it
11875-571: The parishes of St Mary, St Nicholas and St Peter. It was expanded in 1877 by adding the parishes of Basford , Brewhouse Yard, Bulwell , Radford , Sneinton , Standard Hill, and parts of the parishes of West Bridgford , Carlton , Wilford (North Wilford). In 1889 Nottingham became a county borough under the Local Government Act 1888 . City status was awarded as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria, being signified in
12000-581: The parliamentary constituency boundaries do not align with the boundaries of the council districts of which they share their name. Nottingham is situated on an area of low hills along the lower valley of the River Trent , and is surrounded by the Sherwood Forest in the north, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield in the west, and the Trent and Belvoir Vales in the east and south. Within
12125-559: The perimeter of the town. A short length of the wall survives, and is visible at the northern end of Maid Marian Way, and is protected as a Scheduled Monument. On the return of King Richard the Lionheart from the Crusades in 1194, the castle was occupied by supporters of Prince John , including the Sheriff of Nottingham . It was besieged by Richard and, after a sharp conflict, was captured. In
12250-524: The same date. Mark Huish had taken over at the LNWR; he was a master of commercial chicanery. He achieved domination of the Midland Railway and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway by means of traffic pooling agreements, and the alliance became known as the Euston Square Confederacy. There were good relations between the Great Northern Railway and the MS&LR, and Huish saw that completion of
12375-611: The scheme for the London Extension, a fearfully expensive project that risked alienating friendly companies. The London extension scheme changed the character of the MS&LR completely and dominated its final years. In 1897 the company changed its name to "The Great Central Railway ", and it was under that company name that the London Extension was opened in 1899. The Sheffield, Ashton under Lyne and Manchester Railway had opened throughout on 23 December 1845. Its line ran through
12500-446: The target sectors of their economic development strategy would include low-carbon technologies; digital media ; life sciences ; financial and business services; and retail and leisure. The city formerly had a major bicycle manufacturing industry sector. Raleigh Bicycle Company was established in 1886 and Sturmey-Archer , the developer of three-speed hub gears, was also founded in the city. Raleigh's factory on Triumph Road, famous as
12625-477: The town of Bingham . Nottingham has three UK parliamentary constituency seats within its boundaries. Nottingham North has been represented since 2017 by Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Alex Norris , Nottingham East since 2019 by Labour MP Nadia Whittome and Nottingham South since 2010 by Labour MP Lilian Greenwood . Each of the outer districts (Broxtowe, Ashfield, Gedling and Rushcliffe) are also parliamentary constituencies in their own right although
12750-442: The track between Wadsley Bridge and Oughty Bridge still had the original stone-block sleepered track, and this had to be hastily modernised. (At the beginning of 1858 an inspection indicated that the last of the stone block sleepers in the main line had gone). The LNWR continued to use underhand tactics of all kinds to frustrate the smooth operation of MS&LR and GNR trains, especially at Manchester. The warfare continued despite
12875-506: The track, and the intermediate sidings were accessed from the Daybrook end only from that time. A short stub at Trent Lane was used as a wagon storage siding. Goods workings continued to serve the brickworks, and the oil storage depot at Thorneywood. An enthusiasts' special train ran on 16 June 1951.The line closed altogether on 1 August 1951; Much of the route has been obliterated by redevelopment, but some structures remained in 2019, including
13000-579: Was a prime seaport with a huge volume of international and coastwise trade, and was consequently of strategic importance for railways in the region. The MS&LR reached as far west as Manchester, and was joint owner of the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway. The MS&LR began to consider how it might reach Liverpool without dependency of the LNWR, which was generally hostile and obstructive. The St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway had been built to convey minerals south from St Helens to
13125-447: Was agreed that the two railways should be worked as one interest with a scheme for sharing income and expenses. The treaty was regarded as continuous and subject only to seven years' notice of termination by either side. The agreement was finalised on 29 July 1854. Later in the year the LNWR offered to perform the whole of the MS&LR's passenger and parcels business at London Road station, including collection and delivery by van, for £600
13250-430: Was also an important business area, and well-patronised express trains to London were run in collaboration with the GNR. Nevertheless, the MS&LR was never greatly profitable. For many years its General Manager, and then chairman, was Edward Watkin , a dynamic leader who sometimes allowed personal vanity to drive his priorities. Watkin was determined that the MS&LR should get its own route to London, and this became
13375-425: Was authorised on 10 August 1857, with capital of £140,000. The MS&LR was anxious to secure the commitment of the LNWR to the project, partly to disarm LNWR plans to build their own line there. The L&YR had at first expressed preparedness to support the line, but in negotiations which dragged into 1858 the L&YR as clearly determined to keep the LNWR out, and the L&YR withdrew. Accordingly, on 30 June 1862
13500-480: Was building its main line in stages, and on 4 September 1849 it opened its Doncaster-Retford line. At Retford the GNR trains used the MS&LR station until its own station there was opened. This took place on 1 August 1852 after completion of the Retford-Peterborough section of the GNR main line, which crossed that of the MS&LR on the flat. An act of Parliament of 24 July 1851 permitted the GNR to run over
13625-461: Was built in 1865. King and Queen Streets are home to striking Victorian buildings designed by such architects as Alfred Waterhouse and Watson Fothergill . The Canal-side to the south of the city is adjacent to Nottingham railway station and home to multiple repurposed (as bars and restaurants) 19th-century industrial buildings. The eastern third of the city contains Hockley Village , with specialist and independent shops. The Victoria Centre
13750-481: Was changed from direct to contractors. In the 1856 session of Parliament, the North Western Railway (a small company unconnected with the London and North Western Railway) was applying for running powers over part of the LNWR. In the course of the examination of witnesses, the illegal "common-purse" agreement which existed between the London and North Western and the Midland Railway was exposed. Euston Square
13875-478: Was conceived as a nominally independent company, the Marple, New Mills and Hayfield Junction Railway. Sponsored by the MS&LR it was authorised on 15 May 1860. It was to extend to New Mills with a branch from there to Hayfield . From Marple to New Mills the line opened for goods on 1 July 1865 and for passengers on 1 February 1867. Meanwhile, the Midland Railway was building a line up from near Miller's Dale, joining
14000-407: Was discovered that a contractor had got into serious financial difficulty; the work was brought in-house. The first quadruple-track section of the MS&L, between Gorton and Ashburys, were drawn up in 1860. Negotiations were required with the LNWR over the use of the proposed widened lines between Ardwick junction and London Road. The MS&L were to vacate the original pair of tracks and be given
14125-449: Was felt immediately, and the removal of the pilot engine alone saved £800 a year. On 18 March 1852 a banquet was held at Grimsby to celebrate the completion of the MS&LR's dock; it entered public use in May and a branch from Grimsby Town station to the Docks and Pier stations, with two miles of internal dock lines, were ready on 1 August 1853. The Etherow and Dinting Vale viaducts on
14250-529: Was formally opened on 16 July 1849. A special train conveying the Directors ran from Liverpool to Grimsby in five hours. The line was opened to the public the following day, 17 July 1849. There were two stations at Stalybridge : the former SA&MR station and one belonging to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway . The companies agreed to rationalise, with the MS&LR station handling all passenger business, and
14375-467: Was formed in 1847 when the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway joined with authorised but unbuilt railway companies, forming a proposed network from Manchester to Grimsby . It pursued a policy of expanding its area of influence, especially in reaching west to Liverpool, which it ultimately did through the medium of the Cheshire Lines Committee network in joint partnership with
14500-529: Was formed in 2017, by the amalgamation of Central College Nottingham and New College Nottingham (which had both previously formed from the merger of smaller FE colleges); and the Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies , owned by Nottingham Trent University, is a further education college that specialises in media. The city has dozens of sixth form colleges and academies, providing education and training for adults aged over sixteen. Nottingham also has
14625-497: Was named one of the UK's six science cities in 2005 by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . Among the science-based industries within the city is BioCity . Founded as a joint venture between Nottingham Trent University and the University of Nottingham, it is the UK's biggest bioscience innovation and incubation centre, housing around 80 science-based companies. In 2010, Nottingham City Council announced that
14750-435: Was no longer practicable to control their company's day-to-day activities from the Board, and the decided to appoint a General Manager. The Board selected James Joseph Allport , appointed at a salary of £1,200 a year. Due to existing commitments he was not able to take up the post until 1 January 1850. Allport's appointment at what seemed to some to be a high salary caused some shareholder disquiet. The Great Northern Railway
14875-496: Was now vulnerable to a Chancery suit, and, in the spring of 1857 a director of the Great Northern Railway filed a petition in Chancery. The LNWR position was indefensible and Euston Square had no option but to terminate the arrangement; this was done on 12 May 1857. The Euston Square Confederacy was neutralised. Huish attempted further duplicity in trying to agree a sharing of traffic with the Great Northern Railway, but that company saw
15000-474: Was only used for wagon exchange purposes. Having now taken over three large railway schemes that were authorised but not yet started, the MS&LR had to let large contracts for construction. In February 1847 nearly half a million pounds worth of work was commissioned; the Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway main line from Woodhouse (near Sheffield) to Gainsborough, the Grimsby line to Market Rasen , and
15125-691: Was originally confined to the area today known as the Lace Market and was surrounded by a substantial defensive ditch and rampart, which fell out of use following the Norman Conquest and was filled by the time of the Domesday Book (1086). Following the Norman Conquest the Saxon settlement developed into the English Borough of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall and Law Courts. A settlement also developed around
15250-480: Was provided, at Dinting, at the Glossop branch junction. The original Dinting station was closed after an interval. In its first year of operation, the MS&LR had paid a 5% dividend on ordinary stock. This fell to 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 % for the first half of 1848, since when there were no further payments for six years. Progress continued on building the line between Grimsby and New Holland . The Grimsby-Louth line of
15375-447: Was reported that Nottingham was one of a number of UK cities that broke WHO air pollution guidelines for the maximum concentration of small particulate matter; the pollution in part being caused by harmful wood-burning stoves. Nottingham is bounded by a green belt area, provisionally drawn up from the 1950s. Completely encircling the city, it extends for several miles into the surrounding districts, as well as towards Derby. Like most of
15500-420: Was still in possession of the line, not having been paid fully, although the company had obtained an injunction forbidding this interference. After some discussion the train continued its journey. From January 1890 there were ten passenger trains each northbound and nine southbound over the line, some of which worked to and from Newstead, the passenger extremity of the Leen Valley line at the time. The trains used
15625-485: Was worked by the Great Northern Railway ; the trains used that company's Nottingham terminus . The line was soon by-passed by another route to the Leen Valley, and electric street-running trams attracted most of the local passenger business. Passenger stations on the line closed in 1916, and it closed completely in 1954. In 1875 the Great Northern Railway had opened the first part of its Derbyshire and Staffordshire extension , designed chiefly to get independent access to
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