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72-492: Notia was once the largest Megleno-Romanian village, whose population underwent mass conversion to Islam in the 18th century. In the 1920s, Muslim Megleno-Romanians were deported to Turkey under the terms of the Greco-Turkish population exchange , and the area was settled by Pontic Greek refugees. Notia's name derives from the 11th century Byzantine castle of Enotia (the castle's precise location remains unknown). Its name

144-790: A country of 7.5 million inhabitants. ELAS was thus one of the largest resistance groups formed in Europe, similar to the French Maquis , the Italian Resistance and the Yugoslavian Partisans , but smaller than the Polish resistance. On 10 March 1944 the EAM-ELAS, now in control of most of the country, established the Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA), widely known as

216-1002: A first such treaty was signed between Turkey and Bulgaria regarding exchange of population up to a range of 15 km from their border. The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (November 27, 1919) led to an exchange of 40,000 Greeks for 80,000 Bulgarians between the two countries. After the Greek-Turkish War , by the Treaty of Lausanne , 500,000 of Turks and other Muslims were exchanged for a comparable number of Asia Minor Greeks. Muslim Megleno-Romanians, despite all their protests were forcefully deported to Turkey because of their religion. A significant number of incoming Greeks were settled in Greek Macedonia and Greek Thrace , including in traditional Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian areas. Economic and social consequences soon ensued, and local conflict between Aromanians and Greeks appeared. Acts of intimidation by

288-497: A powerful semi-conventional army which could attack German and Italian forces. Aris became a legendary figure who imposed an iron discipline in ELAS. At the same time, some members of ELAS (Periklis, Tasos Leuterias, Diamantis, Nikiforos, Thiseas, Dimos Karalivanos, and Belis) have been distinguished during the battles. Aris Velouchiotis formed a group of 30–35 men, called "Mavroskoufides" (the "black caps"), who were his personal guards. During

360-645: A pro- Romanian stance during the Aromanian question crisis immigrated to Southern Dobruja , Romania. During the course of the Axis occupation of Greece many Notians joined the ranks of the 30th Regiment of the ELAS resistance organization. In January 1944, a Bulgarian Army Regiment set out from Gevgelija towards Greece in order to participate in a German counter-insurgency operation. The Bulgarians arrived in Notia on 1 February, most of

432-593: A regular Army officer, responsible for tactical planning and training, and the political leader ( politikós ), usually a KKE member, as EAM's representative. At its top, the General Headquarters of ELAS, these positions were filled by Aris Velouchiotis, Stefanos Sarafis and Andreas Tzimas ( nom-de-guerre : Vasilis Samariniotis). Two events of great importance took place in this period. KKE, after passing great difficulties, succeeded in reorganizing its groups destroyed by Metaxas. Many members were recruited and with

504-475: A scene of fighting during the Greek Civil War . At 6:30 a.m. on 17 November 1946, 150 fighters belonging to the communist Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) attacked the garrison of Notia with the aid of local sympathizers. The 20 man platoon of the 3rd Company of the 565th Battalion of the national army defended its position until midday, whereupon DSE took over the village. The nationalists suffered 15 dead in

576-646: A small naval auxiliary navy, the Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) was also founded. Two years after its foundation, ELAS' military strength had grown from the small group of fighters in Domnitsa to a force of some 50,000 partisans (estimates of the British government) or even as many as 85,000, according to EAM sources; EAM itself, and its associated organizations, had grown to a membership of anywhere from 500,000 to 750,000 (according to Anthony Eden ) up to two million, in

648-399: A traditional custom, called bondic , where the head of a household would take an oak log and place it in the hearth just before Christmas , burning it bit by bit until Epiphany . The resulting charcoal would be put under fruit trees to make them fertile. A similar custom called bavnic , but with specific variations, also existed among Aromanians , some Romanians and Latvians . This custom

720-619: A very acute sense of nation. During their weddings, they use the Romanian tricolor as a furglița (wedding flag), and very rarely the traditional white-red colors. This illustrates the fact that despite their distinct (albeit also Eastern Romance) language, Megleno-Romanians in Romania identify themselves as Romanians. According to one observer, they consider themselves "more Romanian than the Romanians". Very small numbers of Megleno-Romanians also live in

792-484: A very small community; as of 2014, only three people spoke Megleno-Romanian in Gudurica. The following is a list of notable Megleno-Romanians or people of Megleno-Romanian descent. ELAS The Greek People's Liberation Army ( Greek : Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ) , Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós ; ELAS ) was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM) during

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864-505: Is a key industry of Notia), along with celebrations of Dormition of the Mother of God on 15 August. Megleno-Romanians The Megleno-Romanians , also known as Meglenites ( Megleno Romanian : Miglinits ), Moglenite Vlachs or simply Vlachs ( Megleno Romanian : Vlaș ), are an Eastern Romance ethnic group , originally inhabiting seven villages in the Moglena region spanning

936-933: Is a list of the Megleno-Romanian settlements. In seven villages (including one already assimilated by Greeks) and the small town of Notia , c. 4,000 Moglen Vlachs still speak their language today, while several thousand others are already assimilated: [REDACTED] Archangelos (Megleno-Romanian: Oșani ) [REDACTED] Karpi (Megleno-Romanian: Tarnareca ) [REDACTED] Koupa (Megleno-Romanian: Cupa ) [REDACTED] Langadia (Megleno-Romanian: Lugunța, Lundzini ) [REDACTED] Notia (Megleno-Romanian: Nânti, Nânta ) [REDACTED] Perikleia (Megleno-Romanian: Birislav ) [REDACTED] Skra (Megleno-Romanian: Liumnița ) [REDACTED] Kastaneri (Megleno-Romanian: Barovița ) Less than 1,000 people of Megleno-Romanian descent, most of whom are already Slavicized , live in one village and in

1008-494: Is believed, however, that there are up to 20,000 people of Megleno-Romanian descent worldwide (including those assimilated into the basic populations of these countries). The Moglena region ( Turkish : Karacaova ) is located in the north of Greece at the border with North Macedonia. It is roughly bounded by the Vardar river to the east, by the Kožuf and Voras mountains to the west, by

1080-515: Is found in Orthodox South Slavic cultures (Serbian badnjak , Bulgarian budnik , Macedonian badnik ). Some believe that these customs and other cultural archetypes discovered by scientists are proof that Megleno-Romanians come from a traditional mountainous region. Theodor Capidan , studying the resemblance of the Megleno-Romanian language with Romanian and other languages, concluded that Megleno-Romanians must have spent some time in

1152-662: The 4th Greek Division captured Notia and the surrounding defense works after a two hour battle with the Bulgarian Army . The engagement formed part of the Entente breakthrough during the Battle of Dobro Pole . The 1920s marked a radical demographic shift in the region as the Muslim Megleno-Romanians became the subject of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey , while Pontic Greek refugees arrived from Turkey. Most of

1224-524: The 5/42 Evzone Regiment , murdering the EKKA resistance group leader, Dimitrios Psarros , in as yet unclear and hotly debated circumstances and executing all the captives. ELAS became the strongest of all resistance armed organizations, controlling by 1944 military three-fifths of the country (mainly the mountains) having in its ranks more than 800 military officers of the former National Army Of Negrs. ELAS engaged in battles against other resistance groups, besides

1296-638: The Battle of Crete having ended on June 1 — the Greek Communist Party (KKE) called for national resistance. The KKE, together with minor parties of the Left, formed a political structure called the National Liberation Front . They were joined by other center-left or non-politicized Greek Resistance militants. On February 16, 1942, EAM gave permission to a communist veteran, Athanasios (Thanasis) Klaras (later known as Aris Velouchiotis ) to examine

1368-631: The Pella and Kilkis regional units of Central Macedonia , Greece , and one village, Huma , across the border in North Macedonia . These people live in an area of approximately 300 km in size. Unlike the Aromanians , the other Romance-speaking population in the same historic region, the Megleno-Romanians are traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, and not traditionally transhumants . Sometimes,

1440-581: The Rhodope Mountains before moving on to Moglen (due to the presence of elements similar to those found in the language of the Bulgarians in the Rhodopes). Both Papahagi and Capidan observed that Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian lack a Slavic influence, but show Greek influence instead. The study of Megleno-Romanian and other Eastern Romance varieties led Capidan to believe that during the establishment of

1512-596: The Romanian-Bulgarian Empire who retreated to Moglen. This view was opposed by Jireček. Pericle Papahagi argued another version, according to which the Megleno-Romanians are descendants of a group of Romanians who were incorrectly called Vlachs and who came to Meglen area during the times of Dobromir Chrysos . Strez , another Vlach member of the Asan family, amplified Chrysos' lands by adding Macedonian territories for his principality. Megleno-Romanians used to have

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1584-660: The para-military forces of the collaborationist government . ELAS initially began to attack the National Republican Greek League (EDES) on accusations of collaboration with the Germans. ELAS attacked also the Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO), another resistance organization, concentrated in Northern Greece, in the area of Macedonia with accusations of collaboration. The armed power of

1656-753: The population exchange between Greece and Turkey . These 3,700 people mostly settled in the Edirne area (mainly in Kırklareli and Şarköy ) of Turkish East Thrace , and became known as Karacaovalılar in Turkish or Karadjovalides in Greek after the region of Almopia or Meglen, known in Turkish as Karadjova . The Muslim Megleno-Romanians from the village Notia call thelmselves Nantinets and their language as Nantinești; in Turkish, they are known as Nutyalı. They converted to Islam in 1759. In Turkey, marriage between them and Pomaks

1728-592: The "Mountain Government" ( Greek : Κυβέρνηση του βουνού , romanized :  Kyvérnisi tou vounoú ), in effect a third Greek government to rival the collaboration one in Athens and the government-in-exile in Cairo. Its aims, according to its founding Act, were, " to intensify the struggle against the conquerors (...) for full national liberation, for the consolidation of the independence and integrity of our country (...) and for

1800-755: The 19th century by the scholars who studied their language and customs, based on the region in which they live. Their number is estimated between 5,213 (P. Atanasov, most recent estimate), and 20,000 (P. Papahagi, c. 1900). There is a larger Megleno-Romanian diaspora in Romania ( c. 1,500 people), a smaller one in Turkey ( c. 500 people) and an even smaller one in Serbia . Greece does not recognize national minorities , thus this approximately 4,000-strong community does not have any official recognition from Greece. Another 1,000 Megleno-Romanians live in North Macedonia. It

1872-490: The Greek authorities led to the formation in 1921–1923 of a national movement among Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians favourable to the idea of emigration to Romania, especially from Moglena , Veria and Vodena . In 1926, about 450 families of Megleno-Romanians of Greece moved to Romania , and settled in Southern Dobruja (the "Cadrilater" or "Quadrilateral"), a region which became Romanian in 1913. They originated from

1944-495: The Greek mountains. Their leaders were Themis Marinos and Colonel Christopher Woodhouse . Their mission was to locate the guerrillas of EDES and their leader Napoleon Zervas , who were friendlier to the British Middle East Command than ELAS, and co-operate with them. The two Greek groups eventually agreed to collaborate. The British did not favour the participation of ELAS, because it was a pro-communist group, but

2016-532: The Greeks as " Karadjovalis " and by the Turks ( Turkish : Karacaovalılar ) after the Turkish name of their home region. They nowadays call themselves as Nantinets. In 1924, more Pontic Greek refugees originating from the villages of Chelva Maten and Akdağmadeni came from Thessaloniki . The first mayor of the village after its resettlement was Ioannis Giatagatzidis. Between 1926 and 1935, Megleno-Romanians who had espoused

2088-634: The Macedonians were some with Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian ethnicity. Neither ethnic group was recognized by the Yugoslav government at the time, so they were ignored not only in what is now North Macedonia, but also in Gudurica. These Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians did not have a very strong ethnic identity, so many assimilated quickly. Some Megleno-Romanians also settled in other villages in Vojvodina, but only those in Gudurica remain today. However, they represent

2160-600: The Megleno-Romanians are referred as "Macedo-Romanians" together with the Aromanians. They speak a Romance language most often called by linguists Megleno-Romanian or Meglenitic in English, and βλαχομογλενίτικα ( vlakhomoglenítika ) or simply μογλενίτικα ( moglenítika ) in Greek . The people themselves call their language vlahește , but the Megleno-Romanian diaspora in Romania also uses

2232-528: The Megleno-Romanians were deported during the population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania to other regions of Romania, most of them to the village of Cerna in the Tulcea County , in northern Dobruja . 270 families of Megleno-Romanians and 158 families of Aromanians settled in this village in 1940. However, between 1940 and 1948, the Aromanian families moved to other localities of Dobruja. In 1947–1948,

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2304-579: The Romanian language in the Early Middle Ages , there was an ethnic Romanian continuity on both banks of the Danube (north and south). There were several small hamlets and cottage settlements at high elevations at the Mount Paiko before the founding of today's Megleno-Romanian villages. From the medieval and modern periods, it is known that Megleno-Romanians had an administration of their own. Each village

2376-661: The South-East, lunzaneții , those from Lugunța in the North, usineții , those from Oșani in the Center, North and North-East, cupineții , those from Cupa in the West, while Romanians and Bulgarians that lived in the village before them are concentrated in the Western part of the village. Megleno-Romanians in that village preserved their Megleno-Romanian language very well. c. 1,200 people speak

2448-450: The Turks (most of them speak mainly the Turkish language ). They adopted the Megleno-Romanian exonym promoted by the Romanian authorities. As of 1996, in the whole of Romania there were about 820 families claiming Megleno-Romanian origin. [REDACTED] Cerna , a commune in Tulcea County , Situated in a hilly landscape 55 km from the city of Tulcea and 25 km from Măcin ,

2520-480: The annihilation of domestic fascism and armed traitor formations. " PEEA was elected in liberated territories and in occupied ones by 2,000,000 Greek citizens. It was historically the first time women could vote. PEEA ministers covered a wide political spectrum from left to center. After the Soviet victory in the Battle of Stalingrad in early 1943, it was clear that Axis would lose the war. Soon, clashes appeared between

2592-402: The area was settled by Turkic nomads from Asia Minor. Historically it had been the village with the largest Megleno-Romanian population, and the only one with a regular market. The majority of Notia's population gradually converted to Islam . Various dates have been given for the mass conversion including 1671, 1759 and 1765-1770. Some of the inhabitants refused to convert and instead departed for

2664-513: The attack against the Italian garrison. The Italians were startled, and after little resistance, were defeated. After the defeat of the Italians, the saboteurs set the explosives. ELAS forces had placed ambushes on the routes towards the bridge, to block the approach of Italian reinforcements. The explosion occurred at 03:00. Afterwards, the guerrillas' forces returned to Viniani, to celebrate the success of

2736-625: The communes of Variaș and Biled , and in the city of Jimbolia in Timiș County , in the historic region of Banat in Romania. In Romania, in 2021, the Balkan Romanianness Day was established as a holiday meant for all the allegedly ethnic Romanian subgroups living south of the Danube. This includes the Megleno-Romanians as well as the Aromanians and the Istro-Romanians . It commemorates

2808-458: The country's main railway line, and to get the two main, but competing, guerrilla groups of ELAS and EDES to cooperate. After much deliberation, the Gorgopotamos bridge was chosen due to the difficulty of making repairs to the structure. Dimos Karalivanos , an ELAS guerrilla, was the first guerrilla the British found. At the end of October a second group of British officers were parachuted into

2880-446: The engagement, three wounded and two more soldiers managed to escape from the village. Upon seizing the village the communists executed two wounded soldiers and the mayor of the village, subsequently razing his house. An attempt by the nationalists to send reinforcements from Archangelos was thwarted and the government forces retreated to their initial positions. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Notia

2952-753: The establishment of the Ullah millet in 1905 and is officially celebrated every 10 May. A very small community of Megleno-Romanians also lives in Serbia , more precisely in the village of Gudurica in Vojvodina . Originally an ethnic German settlement, the Germans of the village were expelled following the capture of Gudurica by the Yugoslav Partisans . The repopulation of the settlement began in September 1945, and Slovenes , Croats , Bosniaks , Serbs , Albanians and Macedonians were sent to colonize Gudurica. Among

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3024-550: The following populations: Aromanian village surrounded by the Megleno-Romanian ones. Most Meglen Vlachs are Orthodox Christians , but the population of the village of Nânti (Nótia) , which in 1900 had a population of 3,660, of which 3,500 Megleno-Romanians, in the Upper Karadjova Plain converted to Islam in the 17th or 18th century. It is the only case among Eastern Romance populations of an entire community converting to Islam. The entire population of this village

3096-469: The forces of Axis and their local collaborators". Initially, Velouchiotis also recruited traditional local mountain-living bandits , like Dimos Karalivanos, in order to create a small group of experts in guerilla warfare . On a night in September 1942, a small group of British SOE officers parachuted into Greece near Mt. Giona. This group, led by Brigadier Eddie Myers , had been tasked to blow up one of three bridges ( Gorgopotamos , Papadia or Asopos) of

3168-455: The forces of ELAS were larger and better organised, and without their participation, the mission was more likely to fail. On November 14, the 12 British saboteurs, the forces of ELAS (150 men) and those of EDES (60-65 men) met in the village of Viniani in Evrytania and the operation started. Ten days later, they were at Gorgopotamos. On the night of November 25, at 23:00, the guerrillas started

3240-529: The help of ELAS, which became the largest partisan army in Greece, EAM became the largest mass political organization in Greek history, claiming over 1.5 million members, enlisted in organizations that covered every neighborhood in every village. The second great event was the foundation of the United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON) ( Greek : Ενιαία Πανελλαδική Οργάνωση Νέων ). In 1943,

3312-572: The inhabitants of the villages of Central Greece became members of ELAS. Furthermore, people sympathised with the ELAS guerrillas because they weren't helped by the British in contrast with EDES. When 25 guerrillas deserted from ELAS, Aris Velouchiotis went to Epirus to threaten Napoleon Zervas not to come in touch with them. Later, the 25 deserters were arrested and executed in the village of Sperhiada. The winter of 1942, ELAS groups were formed in other Greek regions, like Thessaly and Macedonia . In Central Greece, Aris Velouchiotis succeeded to form

3384-496: The language today. However, their small overall number meant that after 1950 mixed marriages with Romanians became more frequent, unlike the Aromanians who by the nature of their traditional occupations have developed a special psychology, gaining importance in Romanian society and preserving the identity of their people (very few mixed marriages with Romanians occur). However, due to the hardships this small community has endured, Megleno-Romanians in Romania remain very united, with

3456-587: The language, but mostly did not use it. In the early twenty-first century, Notia is populated by a Pontic Greek majority population, as well as smaller numbers of Christian Vlachs ( Megleno-Romanians ) who had moved there from Archangelos and Perikleia and a few Sarakatsani who arrived in the 1950s. In 2000, the residents of the village founded the Cultural Association of Notia Μορφωτικός Σύλλογος Νότιας cultural center where Pontic Greek musical instruments folk dances are taught. The association organizes an annual potato festival in October (potato production

3528-539: The leadership of an able captain and a willingness from the population to put up an armed resistance even after his murder. The number of Megleno-Romanians was estimated by different authors as follows: In 1900, the then province of Gevgelija , which contained most of the Megleno-Romanian settlements, had a population of 49,315, of which 20,643 Slavs , 14,900 Turks , 9,400 Christian Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians, 3,500 Muslim Megleno-Romanians, 655 Romani , and 187 Circassians . The villages of Meglen Vlachs had in 1900

3600-1129: The liberation, ELAS was the dominant force in the country and had captured all the major Greek cities, except Athens (after an agreement in Caserta with the Greek government in exile). After the events of the Dekemvriana , ELAS was disarmed, though later some of its fighters (mostly KKE members) joined the Democratic Army during the civil war. The hymn of ELAS was written in March 1944 by Sofia Mavroeidi-Papadaki and music by Nikos Tsakonas. Με το τουφέκι μου στον ώμο, σε πόλεις κάμπους και χωριά, της Λευτεριάς ανοίγω δρόμο; της στρώνω βάγια και περνά. Εμπρός Ε.Λ.Α.Σ. για την Ελλάδα, το Δίκιο και τη Λευτεριά; σ’ ακροβουνό και σε κοιλάδα, πέτα! πολέμα με καρδιά. Ένα τραγούδι είν’ η πνοή σου, καθώς στη ράχη ροβολάς, και αντιλαλούν απ’ τη φωνή σου καρδιές και κάμποι: ΕΛΑΣ! ΕΛΑΣ! Παντού η Πατρίδα μ’ έχει στείλει, φρουρό μαζί κι εκδικητή, κι απ’ την ορμή μου θ’ ανατείλει καινούργια λεύτερη ζωή. Με χίλια ονόματα, μία χάρη, ακρίτας ειτ’ αρματολός, αντάρτης, κλέφτης, παλικάρι; πάντα ειν’ ο ίδιος ο λαός. Translation Carrying my rifle on my shoulder, through cities, meadows, and villages, I clear

3672-514: The mission. The destruction of the Gorgopotamos bridge was, along with the Norwegian heavy water sabotage in Rjukan, one of the two biggest guerrilla acts in occupied Europe . The blowing up of the bridge disrupted the German transportation of ammunition via Greece to Rommel 's forces for several weeks, taking place at a time when the Afrika Korps in North Africa , retreating after the defeat of El Alamein , were in need of supplies. The blowing up of Gorgopotamos bridge favored ELAS. Soon, many

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3744-421: The new Communist authorities deported 40 Megleno-Romanian families from Cerna to Ialomița and Brăila Counties , and to Banat . Only a few of them returned to Cerna, where about 1,200 continue to speak Megleno-Romanian. Another wave of Megleno-Romanians emigrated to Romania and to other countries during World War II and the Greek Civil War , due to the heavy fighting in the Moglena region. The following

3816-447: The period of the Greek resistance until February 1945, when, following the Dekemvriana clashes and the Varkiza Agreement , it was disarmed and disbanded. ELAS was the largest and most significant of the military organizations of the Greek resistance. After Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union with the initiation of Operation Barbarossa (June 22, 1941) — with most of Greece having fallen under Axis occupation since April and

3888-543: The plains of Giannitsa and Edessa to the south, and by the Mariansca Mountains to the north. Historians Ovid Densusianu and Konstantin Jireček considered that Megleno-Romanians descended from a mixture of Romanians with Pechenegs , settled in Moglen by the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1091. They argued this on the basis in part of the Asian-like facial appearance (more prominent cheek bones) of Meglen Vlachs. By contrast, Gustav Weigand and George Murnu believed that Megleno-Romanians were descendants of

3960-414: The possibilities of an armed resistance movement, which led to the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS). ELAS initiated actions against the German and Italian forces of occupation in Greece on 7 June 1942. Velouchiotis, with a small group of 10–15 guerrillas , entered the village of Domnista in Evrytania and proclaimed in front of the surprised villagers that they were about to "start the war against

4032-463: The refugees that settled in Notia originated from the villages of Yeniköy and Tsormik from the former Kars Oblast . After fleeing their homes they initially arrived in Thessaloniki . After suffering from malaria they requested to be resettled in an area with few mosquitos and were therefore relocated to Notia between 1921 and 1922. In 1923, the Muslim Megleno-Romanians of the village were deported to Eastern Thrace in Turkey . They were called by

4104-434: The residents had abandoned the village after hearing about the massacres committed by the Bulgarians in the wider area. The Bulgarians gathered as many men as they could find in the village square and then led them to a slope outside the village. A firing squad then killed 47 people and injured 11 more. The Axis troops then burned 80 houses. A memorial honoring the victims of the massacre was erected in 1982. Notia also became

4176-437: The road for Freedom to come, laying for Her bay-leaves so She can pass. Stand up, E.L.A.S. for Greece, for what's right and for Freedom; in mountain peaks and in valleys, fly! Fight with your heart. Your breath is a song, walking down the spine of the mountain, the echo of your voice spreads to hearts and meadows: E.L.A.S.! E.L.A.S.! Everywhere I have been, my homeland had sent me, to guard and to avenge, from my strong drive,

4248-410: The second half of the 19th century, Notia's beys converted the neighboring Vlach villages into their chiflik . Oppressing their inhabitants while becoming increasingly prosperous. The beys also abducted women from the surrounding villages and forced them into marriage. During World War I Notia was situated close to the front line of the Macedonian front . On 17 September 1914, the 8th Regiment of

4320-408: The surrounding villages. Notias' inhabitants engaged in fruit, pepper and wheat farming, they also raised livestock. Prior to the population exchange Notia's Muslim majority maintained some Christian customs, while a minority were Crypto-Christians . The village once had eight quarters and four mosques which were built on the foundations of churches. At least one of the mosques was later destroyed. In

4392-419: The term meglenoromână . Unlike the other Eastern Romance populations, over time Megleno-Romanians have laid aside a name for themselves which originates in the Latin Romanus , and instead have adopted the term Vlasi or Vlashi , derived from " Vlachs ", a general term by which, in the Middle Ages, non-Romance peoples designated Romance peoples and shepherds. The term Megleno-Romanians was given to them in

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4464-410: The town of Gevgelija. c. 200, mostly old people, still speak the Megleno-Romanian: The first emigration from Nanti was in 1912 to Soğucak, Vize and Demirköy, Kırklareli in the Ottoman Empire. In 1923, the entire population of the village of Nânti (Nótia) , the only case among Eastern Romance populations with an entire community converting to Islam , was expelled by force to Turkey , as part of

4536-412: The two major organizations was not comparable, as EDES had approx. 12,000 guerrillas, while ELAS' power was much stronger. Small battles were taking place in Epirus where EDES had its main force. This situation led to triangular battles among ELAS, EDES and the Germans. Given the support of the British and the Greek Cairo Government for EDES, these conflicts precipitated a civil war. In autumn 1944, after

4608-420: The various Resistance organizations regarding the post-war political situation in Greece. In October 1943 ELAS launched major attacks against EDES and the guerrilla group of Tsaous Anton in Northern Greece, precipitating a civil war across many parts of Greece which continued until February 1944, when the British agents in Greece negotiated a ceasefire (the Plaka agreement ); ELAS broke the agreement by attacking

4680-406: The village of Cerna had at the time of the 2002 Romanian census a population of 2,427, and together with three smaller villages the population of the entire commune was 4,227. Estimates of the number of Megleno-Romanians in this village vary from 1,200 to 2,000. In this locality, Megleno-Romanians settled according to the villages they originate from in Moglena : lumnicianii , those from Lumnița in

4752-676: The villages of Oșani, Liumnița, Cupa, Lundzini, Birislav, and Livezi, and were settled in villages around the city of Silistra such as Cocina (Turkish: "Koçina", now Profesor-Ishirkovo), Cazimir (Turkish: "Kazemir", now Kazimir), Capaclia (Turkish: "Kapaklı", now Slatina), Bazarghian (Turkish: "Bezirgan", now Miletich), Aidodu (Turkish: "Aydoğdu", now Zvezdel), Tatar Admagea (Turkish: "Tatar Atmaca", now Sokol), Uzungi Ozman (Turkish: "Uzunca Orman", now Bogdantsi), Strebarna Viskioi (Now Sreburna), Cadichioi (Turkish: "Kadıköy", now Maluk Preslavets), Haschioi (Turkish: "Hasköy", now Dobrotitsa). After Bulgaria re-acquired Southern Dobruja from Romania in 1940,

4824-406: The winter of 1942–1943, new units of ELAS were composed in many regions of Greece. Some areas in the mountains of Central Greece passed from the control of Axis forces to that of ELAS. The leadership of ELAS followed a triadic form, from its top down to platoon level: the captain ( kapetánios ), elected by the men and the overall leader of the unit, the military specialist ( stratiotikós ), usually

4896-519: Was common. [REDACTED] Kırklareli , near Edirne . The number of families settled in Turkish cities and villages were: Kırklareli (110), Edirne (100), Şarköy (80), Babaeski (70), Lüleburgaz (80), Uzunköprü (100), Çorlu (100), Malkara (50), Ballı  [ tr ] (10), Gözsüzköy (50), Kalamiş (50), Hoşköy (20), Mürefte (5), according to the German scholar Thede Kahl . At present they number only 500 Karacaovalılar, concentrated in Kırklareli and culturally assimilated to

4968-471: Was expelled by force to Turkey in 1923, as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey , where they mostly settled in Kırklareli and Şarköy , and became known as Karadjovalides ( Turkish : Karacaovalılar ) after the Turkish name of Moglen ( Karacaova ). Since 1913, after the Second Balkan War , there was a general policy of the Balkan states to achieve greater ethnic uniformity through exchange of population. On September 29, 1913,

5040-423: Was formerly spelled Νώτια in Greek, while its Megleno-Romanian population called it Nânti or Nânta . Evidence of early settlement of the area of Notia comes from a Roman era funerary statue fragment and a now lost imago clipeata unearthed in its vicinity. In 1134, Saint Ilarios founded the Monastery of Moglena in the vicinity of Enotia. Following the 14th century Ottoman conquest of central Macedonia ,

5112-529: Was led by a captain . Their economic and social centre was the town of Nânta . After the incursions of the Pomaks of Moglen against the Ottomans , the latter started a persecution campaign against villages in the area, including those of the Megleno-Romanians. Most of the villages were put under the administration of an Ottoman bei , who exploited them to the extreme in exchange for their security. The village of Oșani , however, resisted much longer before submitting to Ahmed Beg around 1790, having benefitted from

5184-468: Was populated by a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the Greek-Turkish population exchange, and Vlachs . Pontic Greek was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it. The Vlach language was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood

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