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29-524: There is no universally accepted definition of Northern Manitoba, but the most detailed description is provided by the Manitoba Indigenous and Northern Relations Department: "Northern Manitoba" means all that part of Manitoba north of the northern boundary of Township 21 that is not included in (a) a wildlife management area or refuge designated as such under The Wildlife Act ; (b) a provincial forest designated as such under The Forest Act ; (c)

58-519: A Central Algonquian languages and Ojibway language The modern day residents of Mathias Colomb Cree Nation are primarily ancestral descendants of indigenous Cree peoples who have populated the Canadian Shield region of northern and central Canada since the retreat of the glaciers about 10,000 years ago. The indigenous people in the area have been known as Rocky Cree or Missinippi Cree ( Asiniskaw Īthiniwak or Missinippi Īthiniwak ) named after

87-481: A branch to Flin Flon, Pukatawagan First Nations, Sherridon and Lynn Lake. Hudbay Minerals and Tolko are two of the major customers for HBRY. Sakastew primary/secondary school, with an annual enrolment of 550 students, is community-operated. About 600 students attend school off the reserve. Pukatawagan has a nursing station and a child and family services agency field office. Mathias Colomb First Nation Health Authority

116-609: A provincial park designated as such under The Provincial Parks Act ; (d) a municipality or local government district; or (e) any area prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council as not being within northern Manitoba for the purposes of this Act. For marketing purposes, Travel Manitoba considers Northern Manitoba to encompass everything north of the 53rd parallel . In contrast, the Look North economic development agency defines

145-405: A total population of 40,572. The largest of these are Norway House 17 and Peguis 1B . The following communities are within the northern Manitoba area: Northern Manitoba is accessed by two Provincial Trunk Highways: PTH 10 to Flin Flon and PTH 6 to Thompson, as well as a network of smaller roads. These are extended in the winter by an additional network of winter roads . Northern Manitoba

174-573: Is a circle of latitude that is 53 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane . It crosses Europe , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , North America , and the Atlantic Ocean . At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 56 minutes during the summer solstice and 7 hours, 34 minutes during the winter solstice . Approximately 53°20′ North, 37 km (23 mi) north of this parallel, during

203-688: Is affiliated with the Cree Nation Tribal Health Centre in The Pas which delivers culturally relevant health services to First Nations communities in the Swampy Cree Tribal Council Region. Missinippi Airways, with the official name of Beaver Air Services Limited Partnership, is 100% aboriginal-owned and operates regular flights between The Pas and Pukatawagan . In 1988, the Mathias Colomb Cree Nation created

232-504: Is at Indian Reserve 198 ( Pukatawagan 198 ) in Pukatawagan , consisting of 1,536.6 ha (15.366 km ; 5.933 sq mi) on the shore of Pukatawagan Lake , and lying about 210 km (130 mi) north of The Pas. The second reserve, Highrock reserve (Indian Reserve No. 199) (CSD), located on Highrock Lake, 30 km (19 mi) downstream from Pukatawagan, was dissolved by 2006. According to Statistics Canada and based on

261-406: Is composed of four census divisions : 19 and 21–23. Its total population according to the 2016 Census of population was 89,637, 7.0% of Manitoba's total population. The largest municipality is the city of Thompson . Other major population centres include the city of Flin Flon and the town of The Pas . Indian reserves comprise more than 49% of the region's population. There are 54 reserves with

290-793: Is covered by large extents of stunted Black Spruce dominant forest, with association of Tamarack . There are several mammals in the region including the Arctic fox , Beluga whale and Polar bear . The Polar bear has a significant denning area within the Wapusk National Park , from which annual bear migrations to Hudson Bay are made. A single national park, Wapusk National Park ; a provincial forest, Cormorant Provincial Forest ; several ecological reserves; and more than twenty provincial Parks are located in Northern Manitoba. The major economic activities are mining and tourism . The region

319-480: Is open for about three months of the year based on weather. There is an existing pioneer road Provincial Trunk Highway 10 (PTH 10) to Sherridon . Like other small, remote northern communities, Mathias Colomb Cree Nation has no all-weather road access, although studies of its economic viability have been undertaken. The absence of an all-weather road imposes added freight and transportation costs on individuals, communities, government, and industry. The report examined

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348-647: Is prevalent. Since Shawn's death, there have been as many as 27 more suicides at Pukatawagan, which is home to 2,500 residents." In May 1997, the Treaty Land Entitlement Committee (TLEC) representing Mathias Colomb and 18 other Entitlement First Nations (EFNs), signed the Framework Agreement Treaty Land Entitlement with the province of Manitoba and the Government of Canada , in which Canada and Manitoba agreed to "fulfil

377-574: Is served by a single rail line running north from Winnipeg, via eastern Saskatchewan. The Canadian National Railway operates the line as far as The Pas . At The Pas, the line splits into branches. The Keewatin Railway Company owns the branch connecting The Pas to Pukatawagan , while the Hudson Bay Railway operates a cargo-only branch to Flin Flon and a mixed-use branch connecting to Churchill . All rail service between The Pas and Churchill

406-441: The 2016 Census the population of Pukatawagan 198 was 1,724, a decrease of 5.6% from 2011. Of the 2016 population 1,680 people were registered or Treaty Indian , 45 identified as neither and 25 people identified non-Aboriginal. No other Indigenous peoples were identified. The First Nations peoples identified as Cree , Ojibway , Saulteaux and Sioux . Besides English people in the community spoke Cree-Montagnais languages ,

435-687: The Prime Meridian (northeast of Boston, Lincolnshire , England) and heading eastwards, the parallel 53° north passes through: Pukatawagan The Mathias Colomb Cree Nation ( MCCN ) ( Cree : ᐸᑲᑕᐚᑲᐣ, pukatawâkan ) —also known as Mathias Colomb First Nation , Mathias Colomb (Cree) First Nation , and Pukatawagan/Mathias Colomb Cree Nation —is a remote First Nations community in northern Manitoba , located 210 km (130 mi) north of The Pas and 819 km (509 mi) northwest of Winnipeg , Manitoba . It had two reserves under its jurisdiction, part of Treaty 6 . The main community

464-667: The Winnipeg Free Press . "They were shocked and appalled at the overcrowded living conditions. A severe housing shortage had as many as 25 people sharing a small house, eating and showering in shifts. The community had few amenities because a diesel spill caused by faulty equipment installed by Indian Affairs and Manitoba Hydro during the 1970s had contaminated the town centre, causing the band hall, nursing station, school and about 100 houses to be torn down. Violence, substance abuse and poverty prevailed in Pukatawagan for decades while

493-518: The June summer solstice, the sun is visible for 17 hours exactly. If the latitude in the northern hemisphere is 53°47′ or smaller, it is possible to view both astronomical dawn and dusk every day of the month of August. One minute of longitude along the 53rd parallel is approximately 0.6042 nautical miles (1,224 yd; 1.119 km). One degree of longitude along the 53rd parallel is about 36.252 nautical miles (41.72 mi; 67.14 km). Starting at

522-709: The North as consisting of Statistics Canada's Census Divisions 19, 21, 22, and 23. There is also a defined territory of responsibility for the Northern Regional Health Authority , which excludes the town of Churchill. Northern Manitoba is mostly pristine wilderness, regardless of the exact boundaries used to define it. It is situated on the Canadian Shield and includes the province's Hudson Bay coastline. Forestry, mining and hydro-electric development are significant economic drivers with long-term consequences to

551-667: The Prayer River area after their separation in 1910 from the Peter Ballantyne band . The Mathias Colomb Indian band, now Mathias Colomb Cree Nation, was formed as a separate reserve in 1910 and officially recognized by the Canadian federal government in 2011. In 1910, the inspector of Indian Affairs recognized Pukatawagan as a separate reserve with Mathias Colomb as the first chief of the reserve. He remained as chief until his death in 1932. On 29 August 1926, Ayamihi Sippi (Prayer River)

580-470: The UN's special rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples was deeply concerned by the suicide rate in aboriginal communities. He noted particularly that in Pukatawagan there has been a suicide (once) every six weeks since January 2013. Twenty-year-old Shawn Bighetty died by suicide in 2009 and his mother, Lorna Bighetty, a resident of Pukatawagan, "says something must be done to help her community, where poverty

609-515: The acknowledged outstanding treaty land entitlement obligations for those 20 First Nations, satisfying the per capita land provisions of treaties signed by Canada and the First Nations between 1871 and 1910." Pukatawagan Airport is located 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) east of the town and the community-owned Missinippi Airways provides scheduled, charter and medivacs . The temporary winter road (Kississing Lake to Pukatawagan)

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638-616: The community argued with mainstream officials about who was responsible and who would pay for cleaning up the mess and rebuilding. In his report, based on his visit to Pukatawagan and other First Nations and Inuit communities in Canada in October 2013, James Anaya , the United Nations special rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, reported that "The well-being gap between aboriginal and non-aboriginal people in Canada has not narrowed over

667-610: The cost of the construction of an all-weather road from Provincial Trunk Highway 10 (PTH 10) to Pukatawagan and the benefits, if any, to all stakeholders: Pukatawagan First Nations, Sherridon, and Lynn Lake, Hudson Bay Railroad (HBRR), (OmniTRAX), freight haulers, air transporters and Tolko Industries Ltd. On 20 August 1997 the OmniTRAX -owned Hudson Bay Railway (HBRY) began operation, using former Canadian National Railway (CN) lines that HBRY had purchased, covering more than 1,300 km (810 mi) of lines. The branch from The Pas with

696-779: The councillors are Gordie Bear, Lorna Bighetty, Shirley Bighetty, Wanda Bighetty, Ralph Caribou, Flora Jean Castel, Shirley Castel, Steven Castel, Darrell Linklater and Valerie Whyte. The Swampy Cree Tribal Council is the Tribal Council affiliated with this First Nation. The Swampy Cree Tribal Council lists the Mathias Colomb Cree Nation and the Marcel Colomb First Nation with its head office in Lynn Lake , as Missinippi Cree. In 2016, there were 384 private dwellings. In 2007, ten Winnipeg residents visited their first Indian reserve, Pukatawagan, and their essays were published in

725-522: The environment in the region. The region has a much higher proportion of Indigenous people than the rest of the province. Manitoba's northern region is mostly within the subarctic climate zone ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). It also has some Humid Continental (Koppen Dfb) areas in the south. This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation. Overnight temperatures as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) occur on several days each winter. This region

754-648: The last several years, treaty and aboriginals claims remain persistently unresolved, and overall there appear to be high levels of distrust among aboriginal peoples toward government at both the federal and provincial levels. Canada consistently ranks near the top among countries with respect to human development standards, and yet amidst this wealth and prosperity, aboriginal people live in conditions akin to those in countries that rank much lower and in which poverty abounds. At least one in five aboriginal Canadians live in homes in need of serious repair, which are often also overcrowded and contaminated with mould." James Anaya,

783-787: The traditional name for the Churchill River . (Missinippi - meaning large body of water ). The Mathias Colomb Cree Nation was originally part of the Pelican Narrows band , Saskatchewan. Pelican Narrows join Mirond and Pelican Lakes which lie between the Sturgeon-Weir and Churchill River systems. The Mathias Colomb band first settled along the Churchill River or Missinippi (meaning 'big water' in Woodland Cree ) at Highrock Lake in

812-412: Was surveyed as a reserve under the jurisdiction of the "Mathias Colomb Indian Band, over 18,000 acres of the 19,000 acre reserves is rock... Pakitawagan, the original fishing place of the people was also selected as one of the reserves." A fire destroyed the Prayer River community in the late 1960s and the band was forced to relocate to the Pukatawagan reserve." As of 2019 the chief is Lorna Bighetty and

841-635: Was suspended from 2017 to 2018 due to a washout of tracks north of Amery. Via Rail passenger service operates on these lines as part of its Winnipeg–Churchill service . Air transport provides access to many northern communities with 58 airfields in the region. Calm Air and Perimeter Aviation provide scheduled passenger service into larger northern communities. Chartered bush planes land on lakes when airfields are not available. 55°10′N 95°30′W  /  55.167°N 95.500°W  / 55.167; -95.500 53rd parallel north Download coordinates as: The 53rd parallel north

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