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50-585: Northeast Blackout may refer to: Northeast blackout of 1965 , a power outage that affected parts of Ontario, Canada, and the Northeastern United States Northeast blackout of 2003 , a power outage the affected parts of Ontario, Canada, and the Northeastern and Midwestern United States Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

100-453: A bright full moon lit up the cloudless sky over the entire blackout area, providing some aid for the millions who were suddenly plunged into darkness. Most telephones remained operational since the telephone exchanges were powered by emergency generators. However, not all emergency generators functioned as desired. The generator at Upstate Medical Center in Syracuse failed to start, creating

150-474: A cascading process which required much switching by engineers at the various plants. The Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center saw the first full-scale activation of the facility during the blackout. The New York Times was able to produce a ten-page edition for November 10, using the printing presses of a nearby paper that was not affected, the Newark Evening News . The front page showed

200-660: A monastery in Padula , Salerno, Italy . Saint Lawrence is one of Canada's patron saints. On his second voyage, French explorer Jacques Cartier , arriving in the river estuary of the North American Great Lakes on the Feast of St. Lawrence in 1535, named it the Gulf of St. Lawrence . The river emptying into the gulf was named the St. Lawrence River . Many names in what are now Québec and

250-446: A photograph of the city skyline with its lights all out. The task force that investigated the blackout found that a lack of voltage and current monitoring was a contributing factor to the blackout, and recommended improvements. The Electric Power Research Institute helped the electric power industry develop new metering and monitoring equipment and systems, which have become the modern SCADA systems in use today. In contrast to

300-511: A record he was playing ( Jonathan King 's " Everyone's Gone to the Moon ") sounded slow, as did the subsequent jingles played during a commercial break. Ingram quipped that the King record "was in the key of R." The station's music playback equipment used synchronous motors whose speed was dependent on the frequency of the powerline, normally 60  Hz . Comparisons of segments of the hit songs played at

350-422: A serious crisis and forcing surgeons to complete operations in progress by flashlight. Power restoration was uneven. Most generators had no auxiliary power to use for startup. Parts of Brooklyn were repowered by 11:00 p.m., the rest of the borough by midnight. However, the entire city was not returned to normal power supply until nearly 7:00 a.m. the next day, November 10. Power in western New York

400-497: A slower-than-normal tempo – Ingram mentioned that the lights in the studio were dimming, then suggested that the electricity itself was slowing down, adding, "I didn't know that could happen". When the station's Action Central News report came on at 5:25 pm ET , the staff remained oblivious to the ongoing blackout. The lead story was still Roger Allen LaPorte 's self-immolation at United Nations Headquarters earlier that day in protest of American military involvement in

450-450: Is in the writings of Gregory of Tours (538–594), who mentions the following: A priest named Fr. Sanctulus was rebuilding a church of St. Lawrence, which had been attacked and burnt, and hired many workmen to accomplish the job. At one point during the construction, he found himself with nothing to feed them. He prayed to St. Lawrence for help, and looking in his basket he found a fresh, white loaf of bread. It seemed to him too small to feed

500-479: Is named the " Quartiere San Lorenzo ". Because the Perseid Meteor Shower typically occurs annually in mid-August on or proximate to his feast day, some refer to the shower as the "Tears of St Lawrence". His intercession to God is invoked by librarians , archivists , comedians , cooks and tanners as their patron. He is the patron saint of Ampleforth Abbey , whose Benedictine monks founded one of

550-502: Is the patron of many Anglican parish churches, including 228 in England . A major church in Sydney , Australia, in the former civil parish of St Laurence, is known as " Christ Church St Laurence ". The Anglican charitable society, Brotherhood of St Laurence also bears his name. According to Francesco Moraglia the role of deacon is distinguished by service of the poor. He is destined both to

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600-656: The Holy Mass as celebrated in the Latin Church . Lawrence is especially honoured in the city of Rome , of which he is considered the third patron after St. Peter and St. Paul . The church built over his tomb, the Papal Minor Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura , became one of the seven principal churches of Rome and a favourite place of Roman pilgrimages. The area proximate to the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura

650-636: The Maritime Provinces of Canada are references to this important seaway, e. g., the Laurentian mountains north of the city of Montreal , Saint-Laurent (borough) , Saint Lawrence Boulevard which spans the width of the Island of Montreal , and St. Lawrence County, New York , United States near Lake Ontario . In the province of Ontario, St. Lawrence is a prominent, historic neighbourhood in old centre of Toronto (formerly named York), now most known for

700-745: The Vietnam War ; a taped sound bite with the attending physician played noticeably slower and lower than usual. The newscast gradually fizzled out as power was lost by the time newscaster Bill Rice started delivering the second story about New Jersey Senator Clifford P. Case 's comments on his home state's recent gubernatorial election . Some areas within the affected region were not blacked out. Municipal utilities in Hartford, Connecticut ; Braintree , Hudson , Holyoke , Peabody and Taunton, Massachusetts ; and Fairport , Greenport , and Walden, New York had their own power plants, which operators disconnected from

750-498: The monastery built by King Philip II of Spain , commemorates his victory at the Battle of St. Quentin (1557) on the Feast of St. Lawrence. The monastery and the attached palace, college, and library are laid out in a pattern that resembles the gridiron of Lawrence's martyrdom. The gridiron of Lawrence is also thought the basis of the design of the Certosa di San Lorenzo di Padula , which is

800-477: The Church's crown." The prefect was so angry that he had a great gridiron prepared with hot coals beneath it and had Lawrence placed on it, hence Lawrence's association with the gridiron. After the martyr had suffered pain for a long time, the legend concludes, he cheerfully declared: "I'm well done on this side. Turn me over!" From this, St. Lawrence derives his patronage of cooks , chefs , and comedians . Lawrence

850-572: The Feast of St. Lawrence, and sometimes on other occasions, the blood in the ampulla miraculously liquefies during the Feast and re-coagulates by the following day. Due to his conspiring to hide and protect the written documents of the Church, Lawrence is known as the patron saint of archivists and librarians. Lawrence is one of the most widely venerated saints of the Roman Catholic Church . Legendary details of his death were known to Damasus, Prudentius, Ambrose, and Augustine. Devotion to him

900-933: The Minor Basilica of San Lorenzo in Panisperna was erected over the site of his martyrdom. The gridiron of the martyrdom was placed by Pope Paschal II in the Minor Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina . The Roman Catholic Church erected six churches on the sites in Rome traditionally associated with his martyrdom: Also in Rome are three other significant churches that are dedicated to Saint Lawrence but not associated with his life: The life and miracles of Lawrence were collected in The Acts of St Lawrence but those writings have been lost. The earliest existing documentation of miracles associated with him

950-521: The Saint, to honor a devotional promise made by Spanish settlers during the 1692 Pueblo Revolt . Among the festivities are a set of dances performed by matachines . An image of the saint is kept in the house of a local family throughout the year, and a vigil and feast are held from 9–11 August. It is one of the oldest dancing processions in the New World. In Fargo , season 1, episode 3, Lorne Malvo notes

1000-624: The blackout moved eastward across the state, and "at 5:27 p.m., the lights began sputtering in New York City, and within seconds... blacked out in Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, and most of Brooklyn." The blackout was not universal in the city; some neighborhoods never lost power, notably Staten Island and parts of Brooklyn. Also, some suburban areas, including Bergen County , New Jersey – served by PSE&G – did not lose power. Fortunately,

1050-684: The blackout nine months later are considered unsubstantiated. Immediately following the outage, R&B group The Ad Libs released a single about the incident, titled "New York In the Dark", on the AGP Records label. It included lines such as "The people they were frantic, although they didn't panic, they kept on singing songs, until the lights came on again" and "And the moon was shinin' through that 'ole silver silver linin ' ". St Lawrence Saint Lawrence or Laurence ( Latin : Laurentius , lit. " laurelled "; 31 December 225 – 10 August 258)

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1100-554: The care of the treasury and riches of the Church and the distribution of alms to the indigent. St. Cyprian , Bishop of Carthage , noted that at the time the norm was that Christians who were denounced were executed and all their goods confiscated by the Imperial treasury. At the beginning of August 258, the Emperor Valerian issued an edict that all bishops , priests , and deacons should immediately be put to death. Pope Sixtus II

1150-507: The electrical system to near its peak capacity. Transmission lines heading into southern Ontario were heavily loaded. The safety relay had been misprogrammed, and it did what it had been asked to do: to disconnect under the loads it perceived. As a result, at 5:16 p.m. Eastern Time, a small variation of power originating from the Robert Moses generating plant in Lewiston, New York , caused

1200-645: The expansive St. Lawrence Market. The Laurentian Mountains gave rise to the name for the Laurential Plateau, or the Canadian Shield. In Switzerland , Saint Lawrence is represented on the coat of arms of the city of Bülach with a gridiron. The rescue operation for the miners trapped in the 2010 Copiapó mining accident in Chile was named Operacíon San Lorenzo after Lawrence, patron saint of miners. Bernalillo, New Mexico celebrates three days of devotions to

1250-616: The failure was the setting of a protective relay on one of the transmission lines from the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Station No. 2 in Queenston, Ontario , near Niagara Falls . The safety relay was set to trip if other protective equipment deeper within the Ontario Hydro system failed to operate properly. On a particularly cold November evening, power demands for heating, lighting, and cooking were pushing

1300-522: The future Pope Sixtus II , a famous teacher born in Greece, in Caesaraugusta ( Zaragoza ), and they travelled together from Hispania to Rome. When Sixtus became the pope in 257, he ordained the young Lawrence who was only 32, as a deacon , and later appointed him as " archdeacon of Rome", the first among the seven deacons who served in the cathedral church . This was a position of great trust that included

1350-460: The grid and which were able to sustain local loads, though some areas lost power for at least a few hours. In New York City, Staten Island and parts of Brooklyn were spared when Con Edison disconnected its Arthur Kill Generating Station from the grid. Rochdale, Queens was also unaffected as it had its own power plant. From the first failure at 5:17 p.m. near the Niagara-Canada border,

1400-490: The metropolitan areas of Buffalo and Niagara Falls, New York . These areas ended up being isolated from the rest of the Northeast power grid and remained powered up. The Niagara Mohawk Western NY Huntley (Buffalo) and Dunkirk steam plants were knocked offline. Within five minutes, the power distribution system in the Northeast was in chaos as the effects of overloads and the subsequent loss of generating capacity cascaded through

1450-528: The network, breaking the grid into "islands". Station after station experienced load imbalances and automatically shut down. The affected power areas were the Ontario Hydro System, St Lawrence - Oswego , Upstate New York , and New England . With only limited electrical connection southwards, power to the southern states was not affected. The only part of the Ontario Hydro System not affected

1500-472: The prefect. On the third day, at the head of a small delegation, he presented himself to the prefect. When ordered to deliver the treasures of the Church, he presented the city's indigent, crippled, blind, and suffering, and declared that these were the true treasures of the Church: "Here are the treasures of the church. You see, the church is truly rich, far richer than your emperor!" As a deacon in Rome, Lawrence

1550-416: The relay to trip, disabling a main power line heading into Southern Ontario. Instantly, the load that was flowing on the tripped line redistributed to the other lines, causing them to become overloaded. Their own protective relays, which are also designed to protect the lines from overload, tripped, isolating Beck Station from all of southern Ontario. With nowhere else to go, the excess load from Beck Station

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1600-459: The same term it uses for Pope Sixtus II, who was martyred by decapitation during the same persecution 4 days earlier. Emperor Constantine I is held to have erected a small oratory in honour of Lawrence, which was a station on the itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs by the seventh century. Pope Damasus I rebuilt or repaired the church, now the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura , while

1650-567: The service of the table ( corporal works of mercy ) and to the service of the word ( spiritual works of mercy ). "The beauty, power and the heroism of [d]eacons such as Lawrence help to discover and come to a deeper meaning of the special nature of the diaconal ministry." Many churches, schools, parishes, towns, and geographic features throughout the world are named for Lawrence of Rome. Depending on locality they are named St. Lawrence , St. Laurence , San Lorenzo , St. Laurent , St. Lorenz or similarly in other languages. San Lorenzo del Escorial ,

1700-538: The stained glass window of St Lawrence in Stavros' office, in response to which Stavros narrates his martyrdom, in " A Muddy Road ". In a scene in the 1992 film Lorenzo's Oil , Augusto, Michaela, and Lorenzo tell a story about St Lawrence and refer to his Feast Day as "The Night of The Shooting Stars". Marc-Antoine Charpentier , Motet de Saint Laurent , H.321, for one voice, two treble instruments and contino, 1677-78 Several other saints were also named "Lawrence" (or

1750-409: The time of the broadcast, minutes before the blackout happened, in this aircheck, as compared to the same song recordings played at normal speed reveal that approximately six minutes before blackout the line frequency was 56 Hz, and just two minutes before the blackout that frequency dropped to 51 Hz. As Si Zentner 's recording of " (Up a) Lazy River " played in the background – again at

1800-493: The title Northeast Blackout . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Blackout&oldid=839473130 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Northeast blackout of 1965 The cause of

1850-480: The tradition arose is proposed that as the result of a mistake in transcription, the omission of the letter "p" – "by which the customary and solemn formula for announcing the death of a martyr – passus est ["he suffered," that is, was martyred] – was made to read assus est [he was roasted]." The Liber Pontificalis , which is held to draw from sources independent of the existing traditions and Acta regarding Lawrence, uses passus est concerning him,

1900-408: The wave of looting and other incidents that took place during the 1977 New York City blackout , only five reports of looting were made in New York City after the 1965 blackout. It was said to be the lowest amount of crime on any night in the city's history since records were first kept. However, more than 800,000 riders were trapped in the subway. Reports about an alleged baby boom that followed

1950-459: The workmen, but in faith he began to serve it to the men. While he broke the bread, it so multiplied that his workmen fed from it for ten days. The mediaeval Church of St Mary Assumed (Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta) in the small commune of Amaseno , Lazio , Italy houses the famous reliquary of the ampulla containing relics of Lawrence, namely a quantum of his blood, a fragment of his flesh, some fat and ashes. Tradition holds that annually, on

2000-642: The world's leading public schools for British (and other) Roman Catholics, located in North Yorkshire . The Festival of San Lorenzo is a religious celebration occurring every year in Tarapacá , Chile. Within Anglicanism Lawrence's name is traditionally spelled Laurence or Lawrence . His feast is on 10 August which is in the calendar of the Book of Common Prayer , the volume of prayers which, in its 1662 format,

2050-438: Was captured on 6 August 258, at the cemetery of St. Callixtus while celebrating the liturgy and was executed immediately. After the death of Sixtus, the prefect of Rome demanded that Lawrence turn over the riches of the Church, and St. Ambrose wrote that Lawrence asked for three days to gather the wealth. He worked swiftly to distribute as much Church property to the indigent as possible to prevent it from being seized by

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2100-818: Was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians that the Roman emperor Valerian ordered in 258. Lawrence is thought to have been born on 31 December AD 225, in Huesca (or less probably, in Valencia ), the town from which his parents came in the later region of Aragon that was then part of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis . The martyrs Orentius (Modern Spanish: San Orencio ) and Patientia (Modern Spanish: Santa Paciencia ) are traditionally held to have been his parents. Lawrence encountered

2150-477: Was redirected east, over the interconnected lines into New York state , overloading them as well, and isolating the power generated in the Niagara region from the rest of the interconnected grid. The Beck generators, with no outlet for their power, were automatically shut down to prevent damage. The Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant continued to generate power, which supplied Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation customers in

2200-457: Was responsible for the material goods of the Church and the distribution of alms to the poor. Ambrose of Milan related that when the treasures of the Church were demanded of Lawrence by the prefect of Rome, he brought forward the poor, to whom he had distributed the treasure as alms. "Behold in these poor persons the treasures which I promised to show you; to which I will add pearls and precious stones, those widows and consecrated virgins, which are

2250-523: Was restored in a few hours, thanks to the Genesee River -powered generating plant in Rochester , which stayed online throughout the blackout. Like starting a car, starting or restarting a generator requires power for a starter motor (see black start ). The availability of this hydroelectric power was crucial; it was used to restart dead generators, which then could provide power to restart other generators, in

2300-789: Was sentenced at San Lorenzo in Miranda and imprisoned in San Lorenzo in Fonte, where he baptized fellow prisoners. He was martyred in San Lorenzo in Panisperna and was buried in San Lorenzo fuori le Mura . The Almanac of Filocalus for 354 states that he was buried in the Catacomb of Cyriaca on the Via Tiburtina by Hippolytus and Justin the Confessor , a presbyter. One of the early sources for his martyrdom

2350-542: Was the Fort Erie area next to Buffalo, which was still powered by older 25 Hz generators. Residents in Fort Erie were able to pick up a TV broadcast from New York, where a local backup generator was being used for transmission purposes. An aircheck of New York City radio station WABC from November 9, 1965, reveals disc jockey Dan Ingram doing a segment of his afternoon drive time show, during which he noted that

2400-487: Was the description of Aurelius Prudentius Clemens in his Peristephanon , Hymn 2. Despite the Church being in possession of the actual gridiron, historian Patrick J. Healy opines that the traditional account of how Lawrence was martyred is "not worthy of credence," as the slow, lingering death cannot be reconciled "with the express command contained in the edict regarding bishops, priests, and deacons ( animadvertantur ) which ordinarily meant decapitation." A theory of how

2450-548: Was the founding liturgical document of a majority of Anglican provinces. In the Book of Common Prayer the feast is titled "S Laurence, Archdeacon of Rome and Martyr". His feast on 10 August has been carried into the contemporary calendars of most Anglican provinces, Laurence is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival under the title "Laurence, deacon, martyr, 258" on 10 August. Anglo-Catholics venerate Lawrence, who

2500-525: Was widespread by the fourth century. His liturgical celebration on 10 August has the rank of feast in the General Roman Calendar , consistent with the oldest of Christian calendars, e. g. the Almanac of Philocalus for the year 354, the inventory of which contains the principal feasts of the Roman martyrs of the middle of the fourth century. He remains one of the saints enumerated in the "Roman Canon" of

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