37-464: Le Noirmont is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland . Le Noirmont is first mentioned in 1454 as Noirmont . The municipality was formerly known by its German name Schwarzenberg , however, that name is no longer used. Le Noirmont has an area of 20.39 km (7.87 sq mi). Of this area, 10.34 km (3.99 sq mi) or 50.7%
74-471: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there
111-448: A merger on at a date in the future into the new municipality of Franches-Montagnes . The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, a Deer's Head afrontee Sable with a Latin Cross radiating Gules between the antlers and Coupeaux of Six of the second. Le Noirmont has a population (as of December 2020) of 1,914. As of 2008, 12.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over
148-619: A total of 37 students in the municipality. The municipality had 7 primary classes and 123 students. During the same year, there were 6 lower secondary classes with a total of 100 students. As of 2000, there were 43 students in Le Noirmont who came from another municipality, while 46 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are
185-413: A total of 604 apartments (83.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 86 apartments (11.9%) were seasonally occupied and 31 apartments (4.3%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 0.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.63%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The farm house at Les Esserts 32
222-819: Is a register of cultural property in Switzerland . It was established according to article 5 of the second protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict , which provides for the establishment of national registers of cultural property. The register contains both mobile and immobile items of cultural property including old towns, quarters, squares, villages, sacral buildings, houses, castles, bridges, monuments, archaeological sites and collections. Its entries are classified in two groups: those of national significance (class A) and those of regional significance (class B). The selection
259-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to
296-471: Is based on the significance of the items in the domains of history , aesthetics , art , typology , ethnography , social studies and in other scientific disciplines, as well as on their rarity value. Items of purely local significance are not included; these may be registered separately by the cantonal authorities. The register is prepared by the Federal Office of Civil Protection in cooperation with
333-461: Is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship . During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 260 students attending 15 classes in Le Noirmont. There were 2 kindergarten classes with
370-658: Is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire urban village of Le Noirmont is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 39.64% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CSP (22.73%), the FDP (15.22%) and the CVP (12.58%). In the federal election, a total of 483 votes were cast, and
407-627: Is located at the junction of the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier and Tavannes–Noirmont lines , while the latter is located to the west along the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line. From the 2000 census, 1,159 or 74.2% were Roman Catholic , while 159 or 10.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church , and there were 73 individuals (or about 4.68% of
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#1732851199400444-432: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 8.7 km (3.4 sq mi) or 42.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.25 km (0.48 sq mi) or 6.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.12 km (30 acres) or 0.6% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.2%. Out of
481-798: The Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of the place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects
518-469: The Doubs river . It consists of the village of Le Noirmont and the hamlets of Les Barrières, Le Cerneux-Joly, Le Creux-des-Biches, Les Esserts, Le Peu-Péquignot, Sous-les-Craux and Les Côtes. The municipalities of Le Bémont , Les Bois , Les Breuleux , La Chaux-des-Breuleux , Les Enfers , Les Genevez , Lajoux , Montfaucon , Muriaux , Le Noirmont, Saignelégier , Saint-Brais and Soubey are considering
555-434: The voter turnout was 42.0%. As of 2010, Le Noirmont had an unemployment rate of 5.5%. As of 2008, there were 62 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 26 businesses involved in this sector. 647 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 35 businesses in this sector. 569 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 68 businesses in this sector. There were 796 residents of
592-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for
629-603: The cantonal authorities and formally issued by the Federal Council . It was first published in 1988 and re-issued in updated form in 1995 and 2009. The 2009 revision covers only A-class objects, with the B-class objects set to be reviewed and updated at a later time. Until then, the lists of B-class objects published by the Office include the B-class objects of the 1995 inventory, the proposals for new or changed B-class objects submitted by
666-697: The exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of the common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between
703-509: The forested land, 37.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.0% is used for growing crops and 31.4% is pastures and 18.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Franches-Montagnes district, on a high plateau (elevation c. 1,100 metres [3,600 ft]) that stretches to
740-407: The last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 7.2%. Migration accounted for 4.5%, while births and deaths accounted for 1%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (1,425 or 91.3%) as their first language, German is the second most common (47 or 3.0%) and Portuguese is the third (29 or 1.9%). There are 25 people who speak Italian . As of 2008, the population
777-646: The lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and a few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of
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#1732851199400814-567: The modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under the law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of
851-462: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate
888-463: The municipality and 354 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 30.0% of the workforce coming into Le Noirmont are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 8% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.4% used a private car. The municipality has two railway stations, Le Noirmont and Le Creux-des-Biches . The former
925-454: The municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.2% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,137. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 47, of which 41 were in agriculture and 5 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 617 of which 560 or (90.8%) were in manufacturing and 52 (8.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in
962-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of
999-525: The old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first,
1036-408: The political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often the administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served
1073-447: The political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in the Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited
1110-461: The population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 125 or (8.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 125 who completed tertiary schooling, 64.0% were Swiss men, 24.8% were Swiss women, 7.2% were non-Swiss men and 4.0% were non-Swiss women. The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This
1147-437: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 31 (or about 1.99% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 97 (or about 6.21% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 70 individuals (or about 4.48% of the population) did not answer the question. In Le Noirmont about 544 or (34.8%) of
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1184-521: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.2%. As of 2000, there were 651 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 780 married individuals, 77 widows or widowers and 53 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 623 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 196 households that consist of only one person and 59 households with five or more people. In 2000,
1221-498: The public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all
1258-775: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance ( German : Schweizerisches Inventar der Kulturgüter von nationaler und regionaler Bedeutung ; French : Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale ; Italian : Inventario dei beni culturali svizzeri d'importanza nazionale e regionale )
1295-659: The so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into the Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on
1332-502: The tertiary sector was 473. In the tertiary sector; 173 or 36.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 12 or 2.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 56 or 11.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 58 or 12.3% were in the information industry, 7 or 1.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 17 or 3.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 25 or 5.3% were in education and 103 or 21.8% were in health care. In 2000, there were 801 workers who commuted into
1369-550: Was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. The population was made up of 693 Swiss men (41.7% of the population) and 106 (6.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 768 Swiss women (46.2%) and 95 (5.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 643 or about 41.2% were born in Le Noirmont and lived there in 2000. There were 354 or 22.7% who were born in the same canton, while 268 or 17.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 226 or 14.5% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.7% of
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