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45-660: The club was established on 26 September 1884. by Nawab Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI . During those days, there was only one major club in the Hyderabad State , the Secunderabad Club and it was exclusive and almost confined to the British Resident of Hyderabad State . Therefore, The then Prime Minister of Hyderabad State - Mir Laiq Ali Khan Salar Jung II , suggested a club for gentlemen of status and culture, irrespective of race, religion or creed, be established. And

90-569: A British peerage , to persons and families who ruled a princely state for various services to the Government of India . In some cases, the titles were also accompanied by jagir grants, either in cash revenues and allowances or land-holdings. During the British Raj , some of the chiefs, or sardars , of large or important tribes were also given the title, in addition to traditional titles already held by virtue of chieftainship. The term " Zamindari "

135-604: A South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the western title of Prince . The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the German Emperor . In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to

180-438: A lawfully wedded wife could inherit the zamindari if the ruling zamindar named her as an heir. In Odisha, the local kings of the princely states appointed or sometimes rewarded individuals as village heads or gountias . Such titles are closely related to the zamindar titles. Sometimes the king's own family members were created gountias such as Veer Surendra Sai whose ancestors were the kings of Sambalpur state and whose family

225-657: A nawab's wife is begum . Most of the nawab dynasties were male primogenitures , although several ruling Begums of Bhopal were a notable exception. Before the incorporation of the Subcontinent into the British Empire , nawabs ruled the kingdoms of Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzerainty and assume the imperial style of Badshah), Bengal, Arcot and Bhopal. All of these states were at some point under

270-505: Is one of the best club in Hyderabad. INTACH awarded and Listed in the city's heritage for being a landmark, for its conscious restoration and preservation effort. Having intrinsic architectural value, the Nizam Club had been in a state of disrepair and neglect for quite some time. There is now a positive change in the building's upkeep. Sensitive restoration has been carried out to organize

315-503: Is probably the best known example in fiction. From this specific usage it came to be sometimes used for ostentatiously rich businesspeople in general. "Nabob" can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose sense of their own importance, as in the famous alliterative dismissal of the news media as " nattering nabobs of negativism " in a speech that was delivered by Nixon 's vice president Spiro Agnew and written by William Safire . Zamindar A zamindar in

360-659: Is still technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to Hindus and Sikhs , as well, and large zamindars and not necessarily to all Muslim rulers. With the decline of that empire, the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces. Under later British rule, nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Amb , Bahawalpur , Balasinor , Baoni , Banganapalle , Bhopal , Cambay , Jaora , Junagadh , Kurnool (the main city of Deccan), Kurwai , Mamdot, Multan , Palanpur , Pataudi , Radhanpur , Rampur , Malerkotla , Sachin , and Tonk . Other former rulers bearing

405-760: Is the 16th-century confederation formed by twelve zamindars in the Bhati region ( Baro-Bhuyans ), which, according to the Jesuits and Ralph Fitch , earned a reputation for successively repelling Mughal invasions through naval battles. The zamindars were also patrons of the arts. The Tagore family produced India's first Nobel laureate in literature in 1913, Rabindranath Tagore , who was often based at his estate. The zamindars also promoted neoclassical and Indo-Saracenic architecture. When Babur conquered North India, there were many autonomous and semiautonomous rulers who were known locally as Rai, Raja, Rana, Rao, Rawat, etc. while in

450-552: The Bengali pronunciation of "nawab": Bengali : নবাব nôbab . During the 18th century in particular, it was widely used as a disparaging term for British merchants or administrators who, having made a fortune in India, returned to Britain and aspired to be recognised as having the higher social status that their new wealth would enable them to maintain. Jos Sedley in Thackeray's Vanity Fair

495-517: The Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous feudal ruler of a zamindari (feudal estate). The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals , and later the British began using it as a native synonym for "estate". The term means landowner in Persian . They were typically hereditary and held the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. During

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540-578: The Malaysian variant ) to translate the component of "deputy" or "vice" in certain titles (e.g "Vice President" - Naib Presiden ) aside from timbalan and wakil (latter predominant in the Indonesian variant ). In colloquial usage in English (since 1612), adopted in other Western languages, the transliteration "nabob" refers to commoners: a merchant-leader of high social status and wealth. "Nabob" derives from

585-514: The Mughal Empire , for example the Nawabs of Bengal . "Nawab" usually refers to males and literally means Viceroy ; the female equivalent is " Begum " or " Nawab Begum ". The primary duty of a Nawab was to uphold the sovereignty of the Mughal emperor along with the administration of a certain province. The title of "nawabi" was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similar to

630-568: The Mughals and paid a tribute/ nazarana to the Mughal Emperor. However, Irfan Habib in his book Agrarian system of Mughal India, divided the zamindars into two categories: the autonomous chiefs who enjoyed "sovereign power" in their territories and the ordinary zamindars who exercised superior rights in land and collected land revenue and were mostly appointed by the Mughals. These people were known as

675-769: The Ottoman Empire , successive early modern Persianate kingdoms ( Safavids , etc.), and in the eastern Caucasus (e.g. during Caucasian Imamate ). In the Sultanate of Morocco , the Naib was the Sultan's emissary to the foreign legations in Tangier between 1848 and 1923, when the creation of the Tangier International Zone led to its replacement by the office of the Mendoub . Today,

720-477: The 24-Parganas and in 1765 got control of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Later in 1857 the British Crown was established as the sovereign. During Mughal Era the zamindars were not proprietors. They used to engage in wars and used to plunder neighbouring kings. So they never looked after the improvements in their land. The East India Company under Lord Cornwallis , realising this, made Permanent Settlement in 1793 with

765-477: The Imperial Gazetteer of India, there were around 2000 ruling chiefs holding the royal title of Raja and Maharaja which included the rulers of princely states and several large chiefdoms. This numbers increases tenfold if zamindar/ jagirdar chiefs with other non royal but noble title are taken into count. Unlike the autonomous or frontier chiefs, the hereditary status of the zamindar class was circumscribed by

810-522: The Mughals, and the heir depended to a certain extent on the pleasure of the sovereign. Heirs were set by descent or a times even adoption by religious laws. Under the British Empire, the zamindars were to be subordinate to the Crown and not act as hereditary lords, but at times family politics was at the heart of naming an heir. At times, a cousin could be named an heir with closer family relatives present;

855-502: The Nawabs of Dhanbari, Nawabs of Ratanpur, Nawabs of Baroda and such others. Nawab was also the rank title—again not an office—of a much lower class of Muslim nobles—in fact retainers—at the court of the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar State, ranking only above Khan Bahadur and Khan, but under (in ascending order) Jang , Daula , Mulk , Umara and Jah ; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers

900-500: The Nizam Club came into existence. In 1885, Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI sanctioned a monthly grant of Rs 100 towards rent for a suitable club building and this grant was continued till 1946. The club was initially housed at the Abid Centre (now Abids ), on a site where the old General Post Office building was subsequently located. Later, it was shifted to premises in the present Mahboobia Girls School complex. The present premises

945-571: The authority of the Nawab of Rohilkhand, later made the Nawab of Rampur. Most of these states were annexed at the close of the First Rohilla War . The title nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage , to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including nawab. Among

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990-533: The big Zamindars were from the Hindu high-caste, usually Brahmin , Bhumihar , Kayastha and Rajput . During the colonial era, the Permanent Settlement consolidated what became known as the zamindari system . The British rewarded supportive zamindars by recognising them as princes. Many of the region's princely states were pre-colonial zamindar holdings elevated to a greater protocol. The British also reduced

1035-532: The countries now held by me (1528 A.D.) from Bhira to Bihar , is fifty-two crores as will be known in detail. Eight or nine crores of this are from the parganas of rais and the rajas who have submitted in the past (to the Sultans of Delhi ), receive allowance and maintenance." According to Arif Qandhari, one of the contemporary historians of Akbar 's reign, there were around two to three hundred rajas or rais and zamindars who ruled their territory from strong forts under

1080-460: The development of Bengal. They played pivotal part during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . The British continued the tradition of bestowing both royal and noble titles to zamindars who were loyal to the paramount. The title of Raja, Maharaja, Rai Saheb, Rai Bahadur, Rao, Nawab, Khan Bahadur were bestowed to princely state rulers and to many zamindars from time to time. According to an estimate in

1125-471: The emperor's suzerainty. Each of these rajas and zamindars commanded an army of their own generally consisting of their clansmen and the total numbers of their troops as Abul Fazl tells us, stood at forty-four lakhs comprising 384,558 cavalry, 4,277,057 infantry; 1863 elephants, 4260 guns and 4500 boats. During the Mughal Era, there was no clear difference between the princely states and zamindari estates. Even

1170-474: The entire facade and wraps around to the southern portion. A beautiful wooden staircase leads up to the upper floor. Various additions and alterations have been made to the original structure. The club records attribute the construction of a magnificent Banquet Gakk ub 1910 to Nawab Hakim ud Dowla and the creation of the Card Room designed and constructed in 1945. Serving with the fleet of 300 staff, The Nizam Club

1215-548: The extant zamindari system of revenue collection in the north of the country. They recognised the zamindars as landowners and proprietors as opposed to Mughal government and in return required them to collect taxes. Although some zamindars were present in the south, they were not so in large numbers and the British administrators used the ryotwari (cultivator) method of collection, which involved selecting certain farmers as being land owners and requiring them to remit their taxes directly. The Zamindars of Bengal were influential in

1260-464: The land holdings of many pre-colonial princely states and chieftaincies, demoting their status to a zamindar from previously higher ranks of royalty. The system was abolished during land reforms in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) in 1950, India in 1951 and West Pakistan in 1959. The zamindars often played an important role in the regional histories of the subcontinent. One of the most notable examples

1305-408: The noted British creations of this type were Nawab Hashim Ali Khan (1858–1940), Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani (1813–1896), Nawab Abdul Latif (1828–1893), Nawab Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834–1904), Nawab Ali Chowdhury (1863–1929), Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda (1862–1922), Nawab Sirajul Islam (1848–1923), Nawab Alam yar jung Bahadur , M.A, Madras, B.A., B.C.L., Barr-At-Law (1890–1974). There also were

1350-409: The other sons of the ruling nawab used the style sahibzada before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind. "Nawabzadi" implies daughters of the reigning nawbab. Elsewhere, there were rulers who were not styled nawbab yet awarded a title nawabzada to others. The word naib ( Arabic : نائب ) has been historically used to refer to any suzerain leader, feudatory , or regent in some parts of

1395-496: The period of British colonial rule in India many wealthy and influential zamindars were bestowed with princely and royal titles such as Maharaja , Raja / Rai , Babu , Malik , Chaudhary , Nawab , Khan and Sardar . During the Mughal Empire , as well as the British rule , zamindars were the land-owning nobility of the Indian subcontinent and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs . Majority of

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1440-433: The ruling autonomous chiefs of princely states were called zamindars. Moreland was one of the first historians to draw our attention to the importance of zamindars in medieval India. He defines zamindars as "vassal chiefs". He points out that there were areas under direct control of Mughals where there were no zamindars and then there were territories of the vassal chiefs who had autonomy over their state, but were subjugated by

1485-487: The term nizam is preferred for a senior official; it literally means "governor of region". The Nizam of Hyderabad had several nawabs under him: Nawabs of Cuddapah, Sira, Rajahmundry, Kurnool, Chicacole, et al. Nizam was his personal title, awarded by the Mughal Government and based on the term nazim as meaning "senior officer". Nazim is still used for a district collector in many parts of India. The term nawab

1530-480: The title, such as the nawabs of Bengal and Awadh , had been deprived by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857. Some princes became nawab by promotion. For example, the ruler of Palanpur was "diwan" until 1910, then "nawab sahib". Other nawabs were promoted are restyled to another princely style, or to and back, such as in Rajgarh a single rawat (rajah) went by nawab. The style for

1575-399: The utilities. The electrical fixtures are now in harmony and along with the restored furniture, have brought back the authentic heritage feel to the environment. The repairs and maintenance have been undertaken in original materials and a number of interventions reversed to restore the authentic lines and proportions. Nawab Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of

1620-433: The various Persian chronicles, they were referred to as zamindars and marzabans . They were vassals who ruled, mostly hereditarily, over their respective territories. They commanded not only a considerable part of the economic resources of the empire but also military power. After the conquest of Hindustan, Babur informs us that one-sixth of its total revenues came from the territories of the chiefs. He writes: "The revenue of

1665-476: The word is used to refer to directly elected legislators in lower houses of parliament in many Arabic-speaking areas to contrast them against officers of upper houses (or Shura ). The term Majlis al-Nuwwab ( Arabic : مجلس النواب , literally council of deputies ) has been adopted as the name of several legislative lower houses and unicameral legislatures. "Naib" has also been used in the Malay language (especially of

1710-609: The zamindars (intermediaries) and they collected revenue primarily from the Ryots ( peasants ). The zamindari system was more prevalent in the north of India because Mughal influence in the south was less apparent. Historian S. Nurul Hasan divided the zamindars into three categories: (i) The Autonomous Rai/ Rajas or Chiefs, (ii) the intermediary zamindars and (iii) the primary zamindars. The East India Company established themselves in India by first becoming zamindars of three villages of Calcutta, Sultani and Govindpur. Later they acquired

1755-405: The zamindars and made them proprietors of their land in return for a fixed annual rent and left them independent for the internal affairs of their estates. This Permanent Settlement created the new zamindari system as we know it today. After 1857 the army of the majority of zamindars were abolished with exception of a small number of force for policing/digwari/kotwali in their respective estates. If

1800-496: The zamindars were not able to pay the rent until sunset, parts of their estates were acquired and auctioned. This created a new class of zamindars in the society. As the rest of India came later under the control of the East India Company (EIC), different ways were implemented in different provinces to in regards to the ruling authorities in the region to get them to accede to Company authority. The British generally adopted

1845-538: Was Raja Bahadur . This style, adding the Persian suffix -zada which means son (or other male descendants; see other cases in prince), etymologically fits a nawab’s sons, but in actual practice various dynasties established other customs. For example, in Bahawalpur only the nawbab's heir apparent used nawabzada before his personal name, then Khan Abassi , finally Wali Ahad Bahadur (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while

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1890-652: Was originally used for the subahdar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a subah (province) or regions of the Mughal Empire. Nawab was a Hindustani term, used in Urdu , Hindi , Bengali , Pashto and many other North-Indian languages, borrowed via Persian from the Arabic honorific plural of naib , or "deputy." In some areas, especially Bengal , the term is pronounced nobab . This later variation has also entered English and other foreign languages as nabob . The Subahdar

1935-572: Was purchased in 1906 for a sum of Rs 30,000, located opposite to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly building The first president of the club was Salar Jung II , who continued till 1887. Since then, 24 persons served as presidents of the Nizam Club . The sprawling club, spread across 4 acres of land, European in style, the central structure has a stone portico with steps leading up to the raised plinth. An arched corridor spans

1980-711: Was the gountia of Khinda village. The zamindari system was mostly abolished in independent India soon after its creation with the First Amendment of the Constitution of India which amended the right to property as shown in Articles 19 and 31. In East Pakistan, the East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950 had a similar effect of ending the system. Due to the zamindari system, small farmers could not become financially strong. Critics have likened

2025-451: Was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan , Bakhshi , Faujdar , Kotwal , Qazi , Sadr , Waqa-i-Navis , Qanungo and Patwari . As the Mughal empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many subahs became effectively independent. The term nawaab is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in north or south India while

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