43-466: To the left hand side of Goloka Bihari is the daughter of King Vrishabhanu , Sri Radha, who is as beautiful as the Lord and is worshipped by thousands of handmaidens. She fulfills the wishes of all. Sri Kishori is eternally remembered as Sri Ji. Nimbarkacharya ( Sanskrit : निम्बार्काचार्य , romanized : Nimbārkāchārya ) ( c. 620 - 690), also known as Nimbarka , Nimbaditya or Niyamananda ,
86-438: A ban on such types of luxurious imports to save the nation form extravagance. So its contributions in the field of trade and commerce are equally noteworthy and as important as in the fields of politics and religion. Archaeologically, Paithan's importance need not be over-emphasised. The environs of Paithan have given evidence of pre-historic and proto-historic antiquities. Whereas, in the historical period archaeological data from
129-463: A boon to her that she would reborn with her husband in her next life, and that both of them would be blessed with goddess Lakshmi ( Radha ) as their daughter. As per the boon of Brahma , King Suchandra was reborn in the Dvapara Yuga as King Vrishbhanu in the land of Vraja . He married Kirtida (The rebirth of Kalavati), and goddess Lakshmi ( Radha ) was born as their daughter. According to
172-629: A date of c.1130–1200 CE. According to Satyanand, Bose's dating of the 13th century is an erroneous attribution. Malkovsky, following Satyanand, notes that in Bhandarkar's own work it is clearly stated that his dating of Nimbarka was an approximation based on an extremely flimsy calculation; yet most scholars chose to honour his suggested date, even until modern times. According to Malkovsky, Satyanand has convincingly demonstrated that Nimbarka and his immediate disciple Srinivasacharya flourished well before Ramanuja (1017–1137 CE), arguing that Srinivasacharya
215-443: A different legend, the birth story of Radha is similar to Sita , who was also an avatar of Lakshmi. When King Vrishbhanu went to take a bath in a pond, he saw a baby girl on a lotus flower in the pond, and took her to his home. The baby girl was named as Radha, and was accepted as the daughter of Vrishbhanu and Kirtida. Paithan Paithan ['pəɪ.ʈʰaɳ] ( pronunciation ), historically Pratiṣṭhāna [pɾə'tɪʂʈʰana] ,
258-515: A divine boon from Brahma to become the father of goddess Lakshmi in the Dvapara Yuga. In his previous birth, Vrishbhanu was named as Suchandra and was married to Kalavati, the grand-daughter of Daksha Prajapati . After enjoying conjugal relations with Kalavati for a long time, Suchandra retired from his family life and went to the ashrama of sage Agastya . When Kalavati started crying because of being abandoned by her husband, Brahma granted
301-515: A pilgrimage centre from where the soul could be liberated forever from a shackled existence. Shivajis son and successors honored this charter for a long time. The Peshwas, the administrators of the Maratha rulers, also kept close connections with Paithan city. Peshwa Balaji Bajirao in 1761, married into the Wakhare family – moneylender of Paithan and his successors . Peshwas Madhavrao and Narayanrao, maintained
344-420: A point to stop at Paithan while on their way to other places. In 1679, for instance, Chhatrapati Shivaji halted at Paithan while proceeding to Jalna . During his stay he issued acharter appointing Kawale – a leading priest of Paithan – as a royal priest. This arrangement made by Shivaji for a local priest to perform the family rituals is understandable in view of the fact that Paithan was regarded as moksha-tirtha –
387-418: A relationship of substrate and attribute. Nimbarka's philosophy distinctively outlines the differences between jiva and Brahman by emphasizing their intrinsic relationship as cause and effect, part and whole. Brahman is portrayed as the ultimate cause and the whole, whereas jiva , the individual soul that experiences pleasure and pain, is seen as an effect or a transformation of Brahman. This relationship
430-432: A wide variety of resident and migratory birds which has been established as Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary . This is the world's first dam made from soil. It has 27 gates. On 9 August 2006, Paithan experienced its worst flood in known history when the dam floodgates were opened because of heavy rainfall in the region, half of city was drawn in the water due to which many people migrated to othe places for few days. The Jayakwadi dam
473-478: Is Krishna, recognized by various names such as Purushottama, Hari, and Bhagavan. He is accompanied by Radha. Brahman, as described by Nimbarka, is flawless, possessing auspicious qualities and transcending the influence of karma, and with attributes such as knowledge, power, and compassion; Brahman is also both the material and efficient cause of creation, likened to a sovereign emperor engaging in playful activities without specific outcomes in mind. Nimbarka considered
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#1732855880435516-524: Is a Yadava chieftain featured in Hindu scriptures . He is described as the father of the goddess Radha , who is the chief consort of god Krishna and also regarded as the incarnation of the goddess Lakshmi in Dvapara Yuga . According to the Padma Purana , Vrishbhanu was the chief of Barsana , and the owner of 10 lakh cows. In his previous birth as King Suchandra, Vrishabhanu is stated to have received
559-568: Is a town with municipal council in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra , Maharashtra, India. Paithan is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) south of present-day Aurangabad on the banks of the Godavari River . It was the capital of the Satavahana dynasty , which ruled from the second century BCE to the second century CE. It is one of the few inland towns mentioned in the famous first-century Greek book,
602-433: Is also considered his epithet because of the identification of Nimbarka with the philosopher Bhaskara. The tradition which he founded is named after him. Nimbarka's traditional followers believe that he appeared in 3096 BCE, but this dating is controversial as historians believe that he lived between 7th and 11th century CE. According to Roma Bose, Nimbarka lived in the 13th century, on the presupposition that Nimbarkacharya
645-613: Is analogous to clay transforming into pottery or a tree bearing leaves and fruits, showing differences between the source material and its derivatives. Using scriptural references, Nimbarka asserted that jiva , as a part of the omnipotent Brahman, lacks independence and fullness of power. Like Nimbarka, acharyas of other Vedanta schools also accept the concepts of difference and non-difference between Jiva and Brahman as real, but they explain and reconcile these ideas in various ways: Vrishabhanu Vrishabhanu ( Sanskrit : वृषभानु ; IAST : Vṛṣbhānu ), also spelled as Brushabhanu ,
688-406: Is considered as his birth name. During Nimbarka's early years, it is described that his family moved to Vrindavan , but there is no historical recorded account. Nimbarka's Dvaitadvaita philosophy emphasizes a dualistic non-dualism where the soul is both distinct and non-distinct from God. His teachings emphasize devotion to Krishna and Radha. According to Nimbarka, the ultimate reality or Brahman
731-478: Is dedicated to Munisuvrata, the 20th Jain tirthanakar. The moolnayak of this temple is a black colored sand idol of Bhagwan Munisuvrat Nath. The idol is of the time period when stone idols were not generally made, thus indicating its antiquity. It is even believed that Lord Rama , Lakshman and Sita of Treta Yuga worshiped this idol. This Jain tirtha and the idol are considered as powerful hence qualifying as an atishay kshetra . Shri Santaji Jagnade (1624–1688)
774-469: Is in present-day Paithan , Maharashtra . However, some other versions suggest that the name of his parents were Aruna Rishi and Jayanti Devi, who lived in a place near the river Godavari , which may be in Maharashtra . Nimbarka's followers believe him as the incarnation of Vishnu's weapon, Sudarshana Chakra . It is believed that Nimbarka was given the name Niyamananda at his birth, but sometimes Bhaskara
817-414: Is said to be the capital of Mulaka desh. Aurangabad , Nashik , Jalna , Washim are parts of Mulaka. Muluka or Mulaka is identified and it is also known as Moolaka or Moolaka desha along with Ashmaka . According to Puranas, Pratishthana was built by King Sudyumna , son of Manu . Once Sudyumna, who was one of the few sons of Manu, strayed into Shiva's forest during his hunting trip around Manulaya and
860-532: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea . Paithan is associated with many spiritual leaders of all faiths since ages. To name some of them are - Changdev Maharaj , Saint Dnyaneshwar , Saint Sopandev , Saint Nivruttinath , Saint Muktabai , Saint Eknath , Saint Jaganade Maharaj, Saint Bhanudas , etc. Paithan was the home town and Samadhi sthal of the great Marathi saint Eknath; people flock yearly to his shrine during
903-476: The Paithani beautiful silk saris that sport intricately embroidered gold or silver borders. Dnyaneshwar Udyan at Paithan is developed on the lines of Brindavan Gardens , Mysore . The city is home to many noted personalities of modern times like Shankarrao Chavan , Yogiraj maharaj Gosavi (Descendant of Sant Eknath), Balasaheb Patil (Historian) Pratishthana ( Sanskrit : प्रतिष्ठान, lit. standing firmly )
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#1732855880435946-430: The jiva to possess inherent knowledge ( j nana ), which distinguishes it from non-sentient elements such as the body, sense organs, and mind. This inherent knowledge permeates every state of the jiva , including waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. Nimbarka explains that the jiva is both knowledge and knower, likening their relationship to that of a gem and its radiance, where they are distinct yet inseparable, existing in
989-511: The 12th century, but this dating has been questioned, suggesting that he lived somewhat earlier than Shankaracharya , in the 6th or 7th century CE. Born in Southern India in a Telugu Brahmin family, he spent most of his life in Mathura , Uttar Pradesh . He is sometimes identified with another philosopher named Bhaskara , but this is considered to be a misconception due to the differences between
1032-508: The King of Dwaraka . The address of his temple in Paithan is Shree Santaji Maharaj Tilven Teli Samaj Dharmshala, which is located close to Dashkriya Vidhi Paithan ghat, little easterly to Eknath Maharaj Mandir. The founders of this temple are Mr. Pralhadseth Sidlambe and Mr. Kedarnath Dadarao Sarje. A major Embankment dam called the " Jayakwadi Dam " is located near Paithan, and is known for attracting
1075-668: The Satavahans to the Yadavas has been recorded. Even now a number of antiquities of different periods are abundantly available on the surface of the mounds at Paithan. Thus we come across an amazing variety of beads, terracotta. Bangles and coins of the Satavahana period. Some of the punch-marked coins predate the Satavahans and the foreign coins confirm its close contacts with the western world. Paithan, with its varied and variegated politico-economic and religio-social activities greatly contributed to
1118-816: The ancient city of Pratishthan, is beautifully situated on the left bank of the river Godavari. Since the second millennium B.C. The dawn of the Goda Valley Civilisation it has played a vital role in shaping the culture of the region and has been a sacred place for the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Jains. From ancient times Paithan was important emporium of trade and commerce with links connecting it to marts in India and in Europe. It developed its own religion and educational institutions and in
1161-469: The appellation as "Santpura". Paithan is also an important place for followers of Mahanubhava Sampradaya. Sarvajna Chakradhar Swami stayed in Paithan for a long period. Paithan is a well known ancient Digambar Jain atishay kshetra (pilgrimage place of miracles). A beautiful black sand idol of 20th Jain Tirthankar, Bhagwan Munisuvratnath is in the temple. Paithan is also known for its saris —
1204-481: The close association. Peshwa Madhavrao, judging from his letters, was particularly impressed by the textiles of Paithan. Paithan is located at 19°29′N 75°23′E / 19.48°N 75.38°E / 19.48; 75.38 . It has an average elevation of 458 m (1,503 ft). As of 2001 India census , Paithan had a population of 34,556. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Paithan has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than
1247-522: The field of art, drew the attention of the Muslim invaders, who overran the city and whose culture left its imprint upon the life and manners of the people of Paithan. During the seventeenth century, the Marathas, recognizing the value of Paithan as a centre of religious and economic importance, strove hard to keep it under control. They felt a special affinity towards this ancient city and many Maratha rulers made it
1290-528: The growth of a highly enriched cultural milieu and perhaps no other city in Maharashtra could possibly compare itself favorably with Paithan. Apart from the thriving of the three major religious sects such as Buddhism, Jainism and Vedic religion at Paithan ever since it became the capital city of the Satavahanas, all the religious movements during the medieval period have centered round this historic city. Paithan
1333-401: The instance of Sage Vasiştha, Ila established Somavamsa in the city of Pratishthana in the valley of Sahya mountains by banks of river Godavari from where he ruled for long. After him, Pururavas became the king of Pratishthana. In ancient times it was called Pratishthanpura and it has seen many ups and downs in its long and chequered history. Because of its long and continued existence it
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1376-493: The national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 60%. In Paithan, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bidkin is a large village in Paithan Taluka having a population of 14941 according to 2001 census. Religion in Paithan city (2011) Religion in Paithan Taluka (2011) Paithan is a well known ancient Digambar Jain atishay kshetra , meaning a pilgrimage place of miracles. This temple
1419-551: The other hand, dates Nimbārka to the mid-14th century. Dasgupta bases this dating on the absence of Nimbārka's mention in the Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha , a doxography by 14th-century author Mādhava Vidyāraṇya . However, it is important to note that none of the Bhedābhedins—whether Bhartṛprapañca, Nimbārka, Bhāskara , or Yādavaprakāśa —are referenced in the Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha . While S. A. A. Rizvi assigns
1462-436: The spiritual views of the two saints. The word 'Nimbārka' (निंबार्क) is derived from two Sanskrit words — nimba (निम्ब) and arka (अर्क). It is believed that Nimbarka was given the name 'Niyamananda' at his birth. According to a folk tale, Niyamananda achieve the name Nimbarka because he trapped some rays of sunlight (arka) in the leaves of Neem (nimba). He was also referred as Nimbaditya by his followers. Sometimes Bhaskara
1505-574: The time of the Paithan yatra , also known as the Nath Shashti. Apegaon village, the birthplace of Saint Dnyaneshwar and his three other siblings is located along the northern bank of the River Godavari, about 12 kilometers easterly to Paithan. The religious saints and philosophers enthralled the masses through their works written in simple Marathi style and popularized the bhakti cult in the wake of Islamic expansion. Therefore, Paithan eminently deserves
1548-463: The writings of the foreign travelers and geographers. As a great commercial centre, it was very well linked with the other important towns of ancient India and the western world. Its exports had earned great reputation in the western markets and had achieved international renown. Its quality textiles such as the Paithani had no parallel in the contemporary world. The Roman parliament was rather forced to put
1591-411: Was a Hindu philosopher, theologian and the chief proponent of the theology of Dvaitādvaita (dvaita–advaita) or dualistic–non-dualistic sometimes known as Svābhāvika bhedābheda . He played a major role in spreading the worship of the divine couple Radha and Krishna , and founded Nimbarka Sampradaya , one of four main traditions of Hindu sect Vaishnavism . Nimbarka is believed to have lived around
1634-490: Was a contemporary, or just after Sankaracarya (early 8th century). According to Ramnarace, summarising the available research, Nimbarka must be dated in the 7th century CE. Little is known about Nimbarka's life. He is said to have been born into a Telugu Brahmin family on the 3rd bright half of the month Vaisakha and his parents were Jagannath, a Bhagavata saint, and his wife Sarasvati, who lived in Pratiṣṭḥāna, which
1677-533: Was capital of first Satavahana king Simuka , from where it grew into an empire covering almost half of present India. The Satavahanas were known as "Trisamudratoyapitvahana". Later, under the name Pishtapura ( Sanskrit : पिष्टपुर, lit. flour city ), it was taken by the Chalukya ruler Pulakesin II who commissioned the recording of the event in a poem as "reducing Pishtapuram to flour". Pratishthanapura or present day Paithan
1720-502: Was cursed to become a woman named Ila by Shiva. By praying to Shiva's consort Parvati, Sudyumna managed to stay as man and woman alternatively every month. He would not remember events of one stage in the other. When he was a woman, he married the son of Chandra , Budha (Mercury, one of the nine planets the 'Navagrahas'), through whom he had a son ( Pururavas ). Budha helped Ila to attain his former self by pleasing Shiva through ' Ashvamedha Yagna ' (Horse sacrifice). After leaving Budha, at
1763-625: Was one of fourteen cymbal players employed by Shri Tukaram Maharaja, a prominent Marathi Saint. Jagnade recorded several of Tukaram's Abhangs. He belonged to the Teli caste of oil producers[3] and is the only Saint from that caste. Jagnade was born and brought up in Sadumbare in the Maval tehsil in the Pune District. He was a Varkari, a vaishnav devotee of Lord Vitthal, who is supreme Lord Krishna Himself appearing as
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1806-438: Was the author of the work Madhvamukhamardana . Meanwhile, Vijay Ramnarace concluded that the work Madhvamukhamardana has been wrongly attributed to Nimbarkacharya. This view is also supported by traditional scholars, who hold a similar perspective. Bhandarkar places Nimbārka after Rāmānuja, suggesting 1162 CE as the approximate date of his demise, though he acknowledged that this estimation is highly speculative. S.N. Dasgupta, on
1849-482: Was the seat of a number of dynasties and dynastic rules. It was credited to be the capital of the ancient Janpadas like Asmaka. Thus, Paithan gained the epithet as "Supratisthana" (Sanskrit: सुप्रतिष्ठान, lit. standing very firmly ) not only for its political importance as the capital city during the long rule of the Satavahanas and of great consequence till the Yadavas, but also for its affluence and of highly advanced civilization. Its importance has also been vouchsafed in
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