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25-619: Nikolassee is located on the Bundesstraße 1 road from the Berlin city centre to Potsdam , south of the extended Grunewald forest. The river Havel separates it from Kladow and Gatow in the Spandau borough. Other localities bordering with Nikolassee are Wannsee , Zehlendorf and Grunewald (this one in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district ). Its southern neighbour Kleinmachnow is

50-727: A municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district of Brandenburg . The residential areas of Nikolassee and Grunewald are separated by the Grunewald forest. Once part of the Düppel manor, from 1901 onwards the area was developed as a mansion colony ( Villenkolonie Nikolassee ). One year later, the settlement received connection to the Berlin-Blankenheim and Wannsee Railway lines with the opening of Berlin-Nikolassee station . Originally an independent Brandenburg municipality, Nikolassee

75-661: Is a German federal highway running in an east-west direction from the Dutch border near Aachen to the Polish border at Küstrin-Kietz on the Oder River . The road developed from an ancient east-western trade route connecting the shore of the North Sea at Bruges with the area of Novgorod . A trade and military road was already mentioned in Ptolemy's Geography about 150 AD, parts of it formed

100-696: Is served by the S-Bahn lines S1 ,On Friday and Saturday nights only</ref> and S7 , at the homonymous station . The locality is also crossed by the motorway A 115 (the former AVUS , exit "Spanischer Allee"), and by the federal highway B1 . [REDACTED] Media related to Nikolassee at Wikimedia Commons Bundesstra%C3%9Fe 1 continues via [REDACTED] A 544 [REDACTED] A 44 [REDACTED] A 61 [REDACTED] A 46 [REDACTED] A 57 continues via [REDACTED] A 52 continues via [REDACTED] A 40 weiter über [REDACTED] A 33 The Bundesstraße 1 (abbr. B1 )

125-637: The Brandenburg-Prussian administration under Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein . Stein also concluded an agreement to extend the road via the territory of Imperial Essen Abbey for the accessibility of the coal deposits in Cleves . The road from the Prussian capital Berlin to the royal castles in Potsdam was rebuilt in 1792 and extended to Brandenburg an der Havel until 1799. After Napoleonic Wars and

150-630: The Cologne archbishop Philip von Heinsberg . Here Frederick had the Mark Castle ( Burg Mark ) erected as the residence of the new "Counts of the Mark". The nearby town of Hamm was founded by his son Adolf I, Count of the Mark in 1226, it soon became most important settlement of the county and was often used as residence. In the 1288 Battle of Worringen , Count Eberhard II fought on the side of Duke John I of Brabant and Count Adolph V of Berg against his liege,

175-631: The Ruhr Area in the state of North Rhine Westphalia . Here it is identical with A 40 . Leaving the Ruhr Area east of Dortmund , the B1 travels the more scenic route that shadows the A 2 . Here it follows the old trading route Hellweg , crossing cities like Unna , Werl , Soest , Paderborn , Hamelin , Hildesheim and Brunswick . It then continues to Magdeburg , Potsdam and Berlin . The road reaches Berlin's city limits at Glienicke Bridge and heads towards

200-641: The Treaties of Tilsit . In 1808 Napoleon then gave Mark to the elevated Grand Duchy of Berg , which was divided into four departments along the lines of Napoleonic France. Mark was in the Ruhr Department until the collapse of French power in 1813, when it returned to Prussia. The Prussian administrative reform of 30 April 1815 placed Mark within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg, Province of Westphalia . The Hohenzollern Prussian sovereigns remained Counts of

225-601: The "Prussian County of the Mark" until 1918. The "County of the Mark" has no official meaning anymore, but is used to informally refer to the region in North Rhine-Westphalia . The House of La Marck is a cadet branch of Berg dynasty. Another surviving line of the House of Berg (more senior but less prominent in European History) became counts of Isenberg , then count of Limburg and Limburg Styrum . To France by

250-620: The 14th century in wars against the Prince-Bishopric of Münster . In 1332 Count Adolph II married Margarete, the daughter of Count Dietrich VIII of Cleves . Adolph's younger son Adolph III upon the death of Dietrich's brother Count John acquired the County of Cleves on the western banks of the Rhine in 1368. In 1391 Adolph III also inherited the Mark from his elder brother Engelbert III and united both counties as "Cleves-Mark" in 1394. In 1509

275-616: The Cologne archbishop Siegfried II of Westerburg , titular Duke of Westphalia . As Brabant and its allies were victorious, the County of Mark gained supremacy in southern Westphalia and became independent of the Archbishopric of Cologne . The territory of Mark was for long restricted to the lands between the Ruhr and Lippe rivers ("Lower Mark"). New territories in the north ("Higher Mark") were gained during

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300-672: The Empire's dissolution in 1806, the Prussian monarchs systematically expanded the road network, completing the chaussee between Berlin and Magdeburg in 1824, and between Berlin and Königsberg in 1828, reaching the East Prussian terminus at Gumbinnen (present-day Gusev, Russia) in 1835. In 1932 the major highways of the German Reich were numbered and two years later the Fernverkehrsstraße 1

325-521: The area include the red and white checkered fess in their arms as a reference to the county and often to their founders. Originally belonging to a collateral line of the counts of Berg at Altena, the territory emerged under the name of Berg-Altena in 1160. About 1198 Count Frederick I purchased the Mark Oberhof , a parish land ( Feldmark ) on the territory of the Edelherren of Rüdenberg, liensmen of

350-1123: The country in an easterly direction. Bypasses and upgrades Küstrin-Kietz Seelow Müncheberg Herzfelde Dahlwitz Freidrichsfelde Berlin ( Alexanderplatz , Mulhemdamm ) Steglitz ( A103 ) Potsdam Brandenburg Plaue Genthin Burg Schermen Magdeburg Bornstedt Helmstedt Braunschweig Vechelde Hildesheim Emmerke Elze Mehle Coppenbrügge - Behrensen Hameln Aerzen Bad Meinburg - Horn Horn - Paderborn Expressway Paderborn - L776 expressway section Routed onto A44 from Erwitte to Werl Soest (L969) Werl (L969) Unna - Dortmund - Bochum - Essen - Mülheim ( Ruhrschnellweg ) Ratingen ( A52 ) Düsseldorf ( Rheinufer Tunnel ) Neuss ( A57 ) Neuss - Aachen ( A46 , A44 , A544 ) County of Mark The County of Mark ( German : Grafschaft Mark , French : Comté de La Marck colloquially known as Die Mark )

375-606: The county into two different regions: the northern, fertile lowlands of Hellweg Börde ; and the southern hills of the Süder Uplands ( Sauerland ). In the south–north direction the southern part of the county was crossed by the Lenne. In the region of the Lower Lenne was the County of Limburg (1243–1808), a fiefdom of Berg . The seat of the Counts of the Mark von de Marck or de la Marck

400-590: The heir to the throne of Cleves-Mark John III the Peaceful married Maria , the daughter of Duke William IV of Berg and Jülich . In 1511 he succeeded his father-in-law in Jülich-Berg and in 1521 his father in Cleves-Mark, resulting in the rule of almost all territories in present North Rhine-Westphalia in personal union , except for the ecclesiastical states. The dynasty of Jülich-Cleves-Berg became extinct in 1609, when

425-512: The inner city via Potsdamer Platz , Leipziger Platz and Leipziger Straße to Alexanderplatz . It leaves Berlin to the eastern side via Karl-Marx-Allee , Frankfurter Tor and Frankfurter Allee , joined by the Bundesstraße 5 for around 20 km up to Müncheberg , before reaching the Polish border. The road's eastern terminus in Küstrin-Kietz is with Polish national road DK22 which crosses

450-546: The insane last duke John William had died. A long dispute about the succession followed, before the territory of Mark together with Cleves and Ravensberg was granted to the Brandenburg Elector John Sigismund of Hohenzollern by the 1614 Treaty of Xanten (generally accepted in 1666). It then became part of the Kingdom of Prussia after 1701. In 1807 the County of the Mark passed from Prussia to France in

475-579: The medieval Westphalian Hellweg trade route, vital for the transport of salt and crops, and the course of the Via Regia , the Ottonian "royal road" through the Holy Roman Empire from Aachen to Magdeburg . From the late 18th century onwards, parts of the route were rebuilt as a chaussee , mainly in the area between Aachen and Jülich as well as on the nearby territory of the County of Mark , promoted by

500-629: Was a county and state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle . It lay south of Lippe river on both sides of the Ruhr river along the Volme and Lenne rivers. The Counts de la Mark were among the most powerful and influential Westphalian lords in the Holy Roman Empire. The name Mark derived from a small village Mark and the nearby Castle Mark, the latter

525-425: Was build between 1190 an 1202, both today incorporated in the unitary authority Hamm , founded in 1226 by the first Count, Adolph de la Mark. His father used the older title Altena or Berg-Altena. The name of the county is recalled to the present-day Märkischer Kreis district in lands south of the Ruhr in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany, in 1975 when the districts were rearranged and the former district Altena

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550-679: Was incorporated into Berlin with the Greater Berlin Act of 1920. Part of West Berlin during the " Cold War ", its southern border with the municipality of Kleinmachnow , at the same time the border between the American Sector and what was to be East Germany , was fortified by the Berlin Wall between 1961 and 1989. Located on the present A 115 motorway was the US Checkpoint Bravo ( Drewitz-Dreilinden ), built in 1969. Nikolassee

575-764: Was incorporated into the Reichsstraßen system. After 1945 the former Reichstraße 1 was split into Bundesstraße 1 in West Germany and Fernverkehrsstraße 1 in East Germany until 1990. The part east of the Oder became part of different polish Droga krajowa . The road's western terminus is in Aachen , where it connects with the N278 in the Netherlands. The road heads eastward through

600-605: Was merged with former parts of neighbouring districts. The district Märkischer Kreis is only the southern part of the former county, the county is now divided between Märkischer Kreis, parts of Cities Bochum , Dortmund , Hagen , Hamm and the districts Kreis Unna , Soest and Ennepetal The County of the Mark enclosed an area of approximately 3,000 km and extended between the Lippe and Aggers rivers (north-south) and between Gelsenkirchen and Bad Sassendorf (west-east) for about 75 km. The east–west flowing Ruhr separated

625-605: Was originally the Burg Altena in the Sauerland region, but moved to Burg Mark near Hamm in the 1220s. The county was bordered by Vest Recklinghausen , the County of Dortmund , the Bishopric of Münster , the County of Limburg, Werden Abbey , and Essen Abbey . The coat of arms of the county was " Or a fess chequy Gules and Argent of three" . These arms have been used by the city of Hamm since 1226. Many other places in

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