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42-404: From the late 1690s, Fort William occupied the site. Although replaced by Fort Townshend in the 1770s, it remained a British Army barracks until 1871, and became the first train station in the city. Following the opening of the new station in 1903, the building was demolished. A desire to increase tourism and reduce dependence upon fishing, prompted local business and political leaders to form

84-499: A "Tudor chalet in wood", CPR lobbied the government to create Banff National Park , the first in Canada. Indisputably, national parks protected CPH's commercial interests in such localities. The opportunity to participate in mountaineering excursions, led by professional Swiss guides, featured in CPH's promotion of the respective accommodation. Scenic images, often including a hotel, illustrated

126-503: A company, capitalized at $ 1 million, that promoted the erection of a large hotel. Five years later, the Government of Newfoundland gifted the land, and guaranteed the $ 450,000 first mortgage that partly financed the undertaking. Newfoundland Historical Facilities Ltd. let the $ 1 million project to T.E. Rousseau Ltd., of Quebec, and work commenced in July 1925. However, construction costs were double

168-470: A dining car uneconomical. Thomas Sorby 's design for these three hotels was inspired by Swiss Chalets. Hotels were established mainly at locations that connected with other passenger rail or ferry routes, but some rural locations, especially in the Canadian Rockies / Selkirk Mountains , became tourist destinations in their own right. After the success of the original Banff Springs Hotel , described as

210-607: A landing at Torbay eight miles north of St. John's. Marching overland, Amherst drove the French from their outer defences at Quidi Vidi Pass and on the 15th captured the high ground of Signal Hill in a surprise dawn assault. With the French force now confined to Fort William, Amherst occupied the following two days bringing up heavy guns to reduce the fortifications: meanwhile the French warships which had convoyed d'Haussonville's force and which remained in St. John's harbour, escaped under cover of

252-440: A new bilingualism policy, CN renamed the property as Hotel Newfoundland . A decade later, the small rooms, dated bathrooms, and poorly planned spaces, needed a prohibitive capital investment. Consequently, in 1983, it became the only railway hotel designed by Ross and Macdonald to be completely demolished. CN invited select architects to create a visionary design for a new hotel. Burman, Bouchard Architects of Montreal submitted

294-719: A rustic design. Teahouses existed at Summit Lake, Twin Falls , Natural Bridge, Lake Agnes and the Plain of Six Glaciers, the latter two still operating. Most rest houses were one-storey cabins at lower elevations. CPH initially encouraged automobile travel by building camps along the Banff-Windermere Highway, which opened in 1923. In the 1930s, the term "bungalow" disappeared from the Canadian lexicon. When automobile vacationers switched to inexpensive campgrounds at this time, CPH disposed of

336-403: A simpler style of a flat roof and limited ornamental features when designing most city hotels. With growing automobile traffic, and tourists seeking cheaper accommodation, CPH retained only the more profitable urban and destination hotels. The resort hotels opened in summer only. Year round opening began in 1969 for Banff Springs Hotel, and in 1974 for Chateau Lake Louise . CPR restructured

378-621: A strengthened naval force in the colony as a counter to the fortress then established by the French at Louisbourg in Cape Breton , and Fort William was completely rebuilt by 1749. The final military engagement in Newfoundland occurred in the fall of 1762 and was the final action in the Anglo-French war of 1756-63 known as Battle of Signal Hill . British victories at Louisbourg (1758), Quebec City (1759) and Montreal (1760) virtually eliminated

420-509: A studio and headquarters on the sixth floor 1939–1949. Within six months of Confederation , and in accordance with the specific terms of that agreement, the federal government of Canada became obligated to take possession of the loss-making hotel. Since the central lobby spanned three levels, it was described as a six-storey building, with two wings of five stories. Available for guests were 59 rooms with baths, 50 without (excluding 8 used by staff), and 16 suites. The ballroom seated 160 persons,

462-491: A subsidiary of AccorHotels in 2016. In 2007, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels, which was purchased by Marriott International in 2015. Since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to railway profitability, facilities, such as hotels, were essential for attracting passenger traffic. The three earliest locations ( Mount Stephen House , Glacier House and North Bend ) were initially only dining stops, necessary because steep railway grades made hauling

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504-446: A thick fog. Amherst's batteries - one on the lower slope of Signal Hill and another north of the Fort on high ground along King's Bridge Road - were ready by the 17th and began an intensive bombardment of Fort William that day. Surrounded and unsupported, d'Haussonville's force capitulated on September 18. Fort William was poorly situated and was not able to effectively protect the harbour or

546-488: Is marked by a Historic Sites and Monuments Board plaque located on a retaining wall at the corner of Cavendish Square and Duckworth Street in downtown St. John’s The Second Anglo-Dutch War brought about a renewal of naval warfare with the Dutch Republic and Newfoundland. Meeting little opposition, a Dutch fleet captured St. John's in 1665, burning shipping and property on shore. Still without naval or military defences,

588-556: The Canadian Marconi Company operated a radio studio and transmitter at the hotel, called VOS. In 1929, the Wesley United Church, the successor, broadcast twice weekly as 8WMC. In 1932, VONF began daily broadcasts. Experiencing low occupancy and burdensome capital debt, the hotel defaulted on mortgage payments. This triggered claims on the government guarantee in 1929, and led to a court ordered sale in 1931. Being in

630-563: The Newfoundland Railway hotel and rail yard. 47°34′15″N 52°42′02″W  /  47.5708°N 52.7006°W  / 47.5708; -52.7006 Canadian Pacific Hotels Canadian Pacific Hotels (CPH) was a division of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) that primarily operated hotels across Canada , since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to early railway profitability. CPR restructured

672-497: The Treaty of Utrecht (1713), the French yielded all rights in Newfoundland to Britain. Subsequently, the British fortifications in Newfoundland were neglected and fell into decay. Hence a major reconstruction was hastily begun in 1743 in the lead up to war with France. During King George's War (1744–48) although no military action occurred in Newfoundland itself, the British had maintained

714-794: The CPH publicity brochures. Urban and township land sales financed the construction of the early hotels. In the late-19th to early-20th century, CPH commonly adopted a châteauesque architectural style for building, or enlarging, significant hotels. The earliest example was Château Frontenac . Notable features included steeply pitched copper roofs, blue-green from oxidation, ornate gables , dormer windows, and an irregular placement of towers and turrets . The visual appeal of this design prompted other railway companies to imitate it. CPR, or its later competitors, Canadian Northern Railway and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway that became Canadian National Railway (CN), built grandiose railway hotels in every major Canadian city. However, CPR quickly reverted to

756-455: The Castle. Garrison headquarters were later moved to Fort Townshend , which was built between 1775-1779. The Fort was demolished in 1881 to make room for a railway yard, the barracks being used as the station. This was demolished in 1910 and urban development now occupies the site. Fort William was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1952. As there are no visible remains, the site

798-544: The English merchants of St. John's did what they could for their own defence. After the Dutch attack Christopher Martin, a Devon merchant captain, built and maintained defensive batteries, King William’s Fort, at the entrance to the harbour at his own expense. Martin landed six cannon from his vessel, Elias Andrews , and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near chain Rock commanding

840-742: The French commander, had a force of almost 500 regulars, French Canadians and Indians. He took the town, but the Fort William garrison held out and refused terms. After the five-week Siege of St. John's , Subercase retired to Placentia with all the booty his men and several hundred captive townspeople could carry. Sporadic attacks continued throughout 1706, despite British reinforcement of the St. John's garrison. Yet another overland attack on St. John's by St. Ovide de Brouillon in January 1709 ( Battle of St. John's ), met with complete and immediate success. The British garrison, demoralised and badly led, surrendered

882-456: The French presence in North America and led to the opening of peace negotiations under conditions of great disadvantage to France. Desperate to recover a bargaining counter, the French government dispatched a naval force with 800 troops to attack Newfoundland. Following earlier French-Canadian strategy, Comte d'Haussonville , the French commander, marched overland on St. John's from a landing in

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924-513: The Narrows leading into the harbour. During the Third Anglo-Dutch War , in 1673 Martin, with fewer than thirty men, successfully defended the harbour from a second Dutch attack and a separate raid by four pirate vessels. The accession of William III and Mary II in 1688 brought about a reversal of British foreign policy, but although war was formally declared with France in 1689, little

966-485: The command of Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville , destroyed all of the English communities on the Southern Shore without serious opposition, but, marching on St. John's, it was engaged. They then withdrew to the small fortification which had been prepared in the city, where they held out for a further 48 hours. They were forced to surrender the town and fort, which was burned to the ground. This signal disaster, and especially

1008-467: The consternation it caused in New England , at last stimulated the British government to provide a permanent defence force for the island. A strong British relief force of 1500 troops reoccupied St. John's in the summer of 1697: they found the town abandoned, pillaged and every building destroyed. That winter, 214 of 300 soldiers perished due to lack of provisions and shelter. The following year construction

1050-414: The division as a subsidiary in 1963. Each bungalow camp, comprising a group of cabins with a communal lodge, was in a relatively remote forest area, reached by hiking or horseback. Although initially catering to an elite, mainly American, tourist, they ultimately attracted a broader audience. The log cabin at Lake Louise (1891–1893) was perhaps a forerunner to this concept. The subsequent adoption of

1092-506: The division as a subsidiary in 1963. In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner. In 1998, all CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta . In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital purchased Fairmont, consolidating their hotel brands to form Fairmont Raffles Hotels International (FRHI), which in turn became

1134-400: The estimates, and the contractor ceased business after completion, and liens likely left the owner out of pocket . Opened in July 1926, the eight-storey hotel comprised 200 rooms, and the central lobby included two mezzanine floors (the lower one reduced only by the open staircase), and access to shops and restaurants. In 1928, the building appeared on a new postage stamp issue. That year,

1176-481: The fort after only a brief resistance, and the French, taking upwards of 500 prisoners with them, withdrew to Placentia after destroying all the fortifications around the harbour. The following year the British began rebuilding Fort William and emplaced stronger armament, however, the garrison did not return and the fort began to fall into disrepair. By 1712, British victories in Europe had brought about an armistice and, in

1218-651: The hotel received the Minister's Award of Excellence for its improved occupational safety record. After CP acquired the Fairmont brand, the property became the Fairmont Newfoundland in 2001. The 2008 purchase by Fortis Inc. led to a rebranding as the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland . In 2015, Fortis sold its entire hotel portfolio to a private investors group. Fort William, Newfoundland Fort William

1260-437: The least profitable bungalow camps, followed by the remainder in the 1950s. After a 24-year break in building or acquiring properties, CPH constructed a series of hotels and motels during 1955–1999. The larger ones mostly adopted the "Chateau" prefix. Several international properties were operated, before exiting that market. In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts

1302-512: The log design not only created a pioneer appearance, but also provided the necessary insulation for a cold mountainous region. CN copied the concept at Jasper Park Lodge . Despite the rustic cabin exteriors, the interiors contained the modern comforts of the period. Presented as more adventurous than a hotel stay, it was scarcely roughing it. Although primarily in the west, Ontario also had three camps. The CPH rest structures and teahouses, at scenic locations along nearby trails, similarly adopted

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1344-498: The main dining room 110, and two smaller dining rooms 35 each. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) had absorbed the BCN on the sixth floor. On the main floor were two travel agents, a barbershop, drugstore, bar, and a newsstand beside the reception desk. Despite protests from Canadian National Railway (CN), ownership transferred to the CN hotel division in 1949. During those initial years,

1386-633: The midst of the Great Depression , the only offer was from the government for $ 447,000, which covered the outstanding mortgage principal. Subsequently, the Department of Public Works frugally ran the establishment. At a brief ceremony in the ballroom on February 16, 1934, Newfoundland ceased to be a self-governing dominion , and in effect became a crown colony again. Acquiring VONF, the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland (BCN) maintained

1428-491: The nation's largest hotel owner. In 1998, CPR purchased the Canadian Delta Hotels chain and the international Princess Hotels chain. The following year, San Francisco-based Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain was acquired. Minority shareholders were Kingdom Hotels (USA) Ltd. and Maritz Wolff & Co , each holding a 16.5 per cent interest. All CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta. In 2001, CPH

1470-412: The poorly constructed, rat-infested building cost $ 1.5 million to rehabilitate. A 1955 deal to sell the hotel collapsed. In the 1960s, occupancy rates improved dramatically, and the hotel became one of the more valuable in the portfolio. During 1966, the cocktail lounge capacity was doubled, the dining room and ballroom switched places, and the guest rooms were redecorated and refurnished. In accordance with

1512-447: The settlement at St. John’s. Because of its location, it was vulnerable to land attack. Finally, in 1779, the British deemed Fort William to be too susceptible to attack and built Fort Townshend slightly further to the west. Fort William became a minor defence and one part of a larger system of forts and batteries that defended St. John’s and the harbours of Quidi Vidi and Torbay. In 1881, it was demolished and its site cleared to accommodate

1554-519: The undefended harbour at Bay Bulls . The British garrison in Fort William, few in numbers and without well-prepared defences, made no resistance and surrendered on June 17. The British Command in New York quickly organized a counterstroke. By September, 1500 regular and New England troops had been convoyed to the Avalon Peninsula and, on September 13, their commander, Lt. Col. William Amherst , made

1596-464: The winning entry. Dove Whitten Associates of St John's collaborated on the technical drawings. The 312-room hotel, with a glazed atrium resting upon a tetrahedron space frame, was built adjacent to, and east of, the earlier building. Construction began in November 1980, and the opening was December 1982. When CN exited the hotel business in 1988, Canadian Pacific Hotels (CP) purchased the property. In 2000,

1638-457: Was a fort in St. John's built in 1698 to protect English interests on Newfoundland , primarily against French opposition. It was the original headquarters of the British garrison in Newfoundland. A second fort, known as Fort George was situated at the east end of the harbour connected by a subterranean passage with Fort William. On the south side of the Narrows, there was a third fortification called

1680-468: Was achieved to give the English in Newfoundland better security from attack. From the French stronghold of Placentia , the French had been making successful yearly assaults on the English settlements and fishing stations. The winter of 1696-1697 brought the most ambitious attempt to date by the French on the English settlements in Newfoundland in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign . This force, under

1722-423: Was begun on a well-engineered fortification - Fort William - which, when completed in 1700, had brick-faced ramparts, bomb-proof parapets, powder magazines and proper barracks. Peace had been established in 1697, but at the time of the accession of Queen Anne in 1702, war with France was renewed. In January 1705, St. John's was again attacked overland from Placentia. On this occasion, Daniel d'Auger de Subercase ,

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1764-482: Was renamed Fairmont Hotels and Resorts . Later that year, Canadian Pacific Limited spun off all of its subsidiaries into separately traded companies, which included Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital, which also owned the Raffles and Swissôtel chains, bought Fairmont. The following year, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels. In 2015, AccorHotels acquired

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