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60-534: The Archdiocese of New York is the second-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing 296 parishes that serve around 2.8 million Catholics, in addition to hundreds of Catholic schools, hospitals and charities. The archdiocese also operates St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers, New York. The archbishop is also the metropolitan of the larger Ecclesiastical Province of New York . The Good Newsroom

120-533: A friary in Yonkers. It is accredited as a college through the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and as a seminary by the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum) . It offers the degrees of Bachelor of Sacred Theology , Master of Divinity and Master of Arts . [1] The Archdiocese of New York had operated a seminary at Fordham , once affiliated with what

180-439: A Catholic political party. One of his other priorities was to address parish debts and loosen the control of boards of trustees over these parishes. Hughes decided to found an independent Catholic school system in the city, staffed by members of religious orders. During his tenure as bishop, he opened over 24 schools. By 1870, 19 percent of the city's children were attending Catholic schools. The difficulties faced by Catholics at

240-405: A day, at morning and evening prayers and at Mass. In addition to offering the degrees of M.Div., S.T.B., and M.A., the seminary, through its various chairs, hosts visiting scholars throughout the academic year. Seminarians are given the opportunity to take part in interreligious discussions with students of non-Catholic seminaries of the metropolitan area. The Dunwoodie Review was published by

300-401: A diocesan bishop or archbishop must appoint at least one vicar general for his diocese or archdiocese , but may appoint more —(arch)dioceses whose territory is split into different states usually have one each. The vicar general by virtue of office is the (arch)bishop's agent in administration, acting as second-in-command for (arch)diocesan executive matters. (A priest in a separate office,

360-587: A gift of 1,000 silver pieces from King Charles III of Spain . The St. Peter's Church was dedicated in 1787; its worshippers included Sister Elizabeth Ann Seton and the philanthropist Pierre Toussaint . In 1800, the congregation opened a school at St. Peter's, the first Catholic school in New York. On November 6, 1789, Pius VI raised the Apostolic Prefecture of United States to the Diocese of Baltimore , headed by

420-445: A grave reason. Likewise, while they lose their vicar general or episcopal vicar office title sede vacante , they retain the duties and responsibilities of the office—specifically, they can still be exercised while the see is vacant serving as right-hand to the (arch)diocesan or apostolic administrator to establish continuity—until the succeeding (arch)bishop is installed or assumes office on a/an (arch)diocese. A coadjutor bishop has

480-702: A hospital for the mentally ill. On July 25, 1885, Pope Leo III transferred the Bahamas to the Archdiocese of New York. The shipping connections between New York City and the islands made it easy for the archdiocese to administer them. McCloskey died on October 18, 1885; Corrigan automatically succeeded him as archbishop. During the 1886 mayoral campaign in New York City, Reverend Edward McGlynn , pastor of St. Stephen's Parish in Manhattan, announced that he would speak at

540-462: A particular geographic section of a/an (arch)diocese or over certain specific matters. These might include issues concerning religious institutes or the faithful of a different rite. These too must be priests or auxiliary bishops. The equivalent officer in the Eastern Churches is called the syncellus . Priests appointed as vicars general or episcopal vicars are freely appointed or removed by

600-515: A political rally for the journalist Henry George , the candidate of the United Labor Party . Corrigan, who was very close to the Democratic political machine at Tammany Hall , had had previous conflicts with McGlynn over his political affiliations. He ordered McGlynn to cancel his speech. McGlynn delivered the speech anyway and Corrigan immediately removed him as pastor of St. Stephen's. McGlynn

660-671: A seminary to prepare more priests, Dubois spent two years in Europe trying to raise funds. Back in New York, Dubois built his first seminary in Nyack in 1833, but it burned down the next year. He later opened another seminary in Lafargeville in northern New York. He also fought a long battle with the trustees of the first St. Patrick's Cathedral over administration of that facility. In 1837, at Dubois' request, Pope Gregory XVI appointed Reverend John J. Hughes as coadjutor bishop of New York to assist

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720-451: Is a local ordinary and, as such, acquires his powers by virtue of office and not by delegation. He is to possess a doctorate or at least a licentiate in canon law ( JCL , JCD ) or theology ( STL , STD ) or be truly expert in these fields. The similarly titled episcopal vicar shares in the (arch)bishop's ordinary executive power like the vicar general, except for the fact that the episcopal vicar's authority normally extends over only

780-816: Is about 16 miles north of the Cathedral of Saint Patrick in midtown Manhattan , the seat of the Archbishop of New York . Its primary mission is to form men for the priesthood in the Catholic Church , whether in dioceses in the United States or abroad. The seminary also serves as the major seminary for the Community of the Franciscan Friars of the Renewal , who study alongside the diocesan seminarians, but live off campus at

840-581: Is in the diocese of Rome . The Pope is 'ex officio' the diocesan bishop of Rome, but spends most of his time governing the Latin Church and the global Catholic Church. His vicar general therefore functions as the de facto bishop of the diocese. The Vicar General of Rome also serves the same role for the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia , the traditional see of the Dean of the College of Cardinals , ever since it

900-624: Is now Fordham University , staffed by diocesan and, later, Jesuit priests. In 1864 Archbishop McCloskey established St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary in Troy , New York. In 1896, under Archbishop Michael Corrigan , the seminary was transferred to Yonkers under the charge of the Sulpicians . Originally it was staffed by Sulpicians and diocesan priests. The Seminary hosted Pope John Paul II in 1995 and Pope Benedict XVI on April 19, 2008. They each led an afternoon prayer service and visited with

960-469: Is often deferred for a number of years. The ordinary of the Archdiocese of New York is an archbishop whose cathedral is Cathedral of St. Patrick in Manhattan, New York . The archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of New York, which includes the following suffragan dioceses : The ecclesiastical province includes all of New York State, except for Fishers Island , which

1020-569: Is part of the Province of Hartford . As such, the metropolitan archbishop possesses certain limited authority over the suffragan sees of the province (see Ecclesiastical Province § Catholic Church ). On November 26, 1784, Pope Pius VI erected the Apostolic Prefecture of United States of America , creating a separate jurisdiction for the new United States from the Catholic Church of

1080-539: Is the digital news outlet of the archdiocese and includes a website, social media channels, an app, and a weekly e-newsletter. The Reverend R. Luke Concanen was appointed the first bishop of what was then the Diocese of New York in 1808. As of 2024, the current archbishop of New York is Cardinal Timothy Dolan . Since 1911 every archbishop of the archdiocese has been elevated to the College of Cardinals , although such elevation

1140-699: The Anglican Communion . Among the Eastern churches, the Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Kerala uses this title and remains an exception. The title for the equivalent officer in the Eastern churches is syncellus and protosyncellus . The term is used by many religious orders of men in a similar manner, designating the authority in the Order after its Superior General . In the Roman Catholic Church,

1200-611: The September 11 terrorist attacks in Manhattan, Egan went to the disaster scene. He ministered to the injured and anointed the dead. He established a center for victims' families at the New School in Manhattan and an interfaith service at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. For retired priests, Egan established the John Cardinal O'Connor residence in 2003 at the previous site of the minor seminary in

1260-732: The Sisters of Charity in Emmitsburg, Maryland, to open the first Catholic orphanage in New York City. During his tenure, Connolly traveled over 1,000 miles on horseback through the diocese. He spent a great deal of time ministering to Irish immigrants building the Erie Canal in Upstate New York. The first parish in Utica , St. John's, was erected in 1819. In 1823, St. Patrick's Parish was founded in Rochester ,

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1320-487: The judicial vicar , serves a similar role with regard to the exercise of ordinary judicial power of governance in the diocese which is normally exercised in ecclesiastical courts.) Vicars general must be priests , auxiliary bishops , or coadjutor bishops —if a coadjutor bishop exists for a diocese, the diocesan bishop or archbishop is to appoint him as a vicar general. Other auxiliary bishops are usually appointed vicars general or at least episcopal vicars. A vicar general

1380-560: The 10th archbishop of New York. Soon after his arrival in New York, Dolan oversaw a widely consultative pair of "strategic planning" processes, examining the archdiocese's hundreds of grade schools ("Pathways to Excellence", 2009–2013) and parishes ("Making All Things New", 2010–2015). Ultimately, Dolan announced that dozens of underutilized schools and parishes would close or merge with others in their neighborhoods, due to decades-long trends of shifting populations, increasing expenses, declining attendance, and decreasing clergy. In November 2010,

1440-559: The 1980s: in addition to being responsible for the archdiocese of New York, the same archbishop was also responsible for the Military Ordinariate. This had the status of an apostolic vicariate , and functioned as the equivalent of a diocese defined by quality (that is, all Catholic members of the U.S. military and their dependents) rather than by geography. The archbishop had two separate administrations, therefore, and two sets of vicars general to manage each. This arrangement ended with

1500-466: The Archdiocese of New York. When Hayes died in 1938, Pope Pius XI appointed Auxiliary Bishop Francis Spellman on April 15, 1939, as archbishop of New York. In 1949, the 240 gravediggers at the Catholic cemeteries in the archdiocese went on strike. After negotiations with the union broke down, Spellman led a group seminarians to dig the graves at one cemetery. Spellman eventually reached a settlement with

1560-510: The Bronx. On January 19, 2007, Egan announced the closure of ten under-utilized parishes and the merging of 11 other parishes. He also established five new parishes; three in Orange County , and one each in Staten Island and Dutchess County . He also approved building projects for nine parishes. In 2008, the archdiocese celebrated the bicentennial of its establishment as a diocese. To mark

1620-483: The Catholic population of the archdiocese was 1,273,291, with 1,314 clergy and 444 churches. Over 170,348 children were enrolled in Catholic educational and welfare institutions. As of 2023, the archdiocese had 60 men enrolled in its priestly formation program. This is a list of present and past bishops, archbishops and auxiliary bishops of New York. As of 2024, the Catholic Schools in the Archdiocese of New York,

1680-568: The Diocese of Baltimore. He simultaneously elevated the Diocese of Baltimore to a metropolitan archdiocese and assigned all four new sees as its suffragans. At the time of its formation, the Diocese of New York included: Pius VII appointed Monsignor R. Luke Concanen , then serving in Rome, as the first bishop of New York. However, he was prevented from sailing to New York by a French blockade. On Carroll's recommendation, Concanen appointed Reverend Anthony Kohlmann , rector of St. Peter's Parish, to administer

1740-413: The Diocese of New York to an archdiocese , making Hughes the first archbishop of New York. On July 29, 1853, to address the burgeoning Catholic population in New York and New Jersey, Pius IX created two new American dioceses: At this point, the new archdiocese consisted of New York City, Richmond County and Bronx Counties, and the seven counties north of the city. In 1858, Hughes laid the cornerstone for

1800-567: The Italians were "not very clean" and were too poor to support them. Sister (and later Saint ) Frances Xavier Cabrini arrived in New York in 1889 from Italy to establish an orphanage in Manhattan. When she met with Corrigan, he told her that he would not allow her orphanage and that she should return to Italy. Cabrini told him that, “I am here by order of the Holy See, and here I must stay.” At that point, Corrigan relented and invited Cabrini to work in

1860-607: The Lafargeville seminary was too distant, Hughes that same year moved it to the new St. John's campus. Despite Hughes' lobbying, the New York State Legislature passed the Maclay Act in 1842, which prohibited public funding of religious schools. When Dubois died in 1842, Hughes automatically succeeded him as bishop of New York. Having lost the legal battle over public funding of Catholic schools, Hughes worked to establish

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1920-629: The United Kingdom. That same year, the new State of New York repealed the Colonial-era law prohibiting Catholic priests from residing in New York. With the anti-priest law repealed, the French consul, Hector St. John de Crevecoeur , organized a group of laymen in 1785 to open St. Peter's Parish in Manhattan, the first Catholic parish in New York City. The congregation purchased land for a new church from Trinity Church , supplement community donations with

1980-487: The United States. On October 4, 1814, Reverend John Connolly was appointed the second bishop of New York by Pius VII. When Connolly arrived in New York, the diocese had four priests and three churches: St. Peter's and St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City, and St. Mary's in Albany. The Catholic population of the diocese was approximately 15,000, primarily Irish with some English, French and Germans. In 1817, Connolly invited

2040-600: The United States. Other priests in Manhattan confronted mobs, stopping their rampages. Hughes died on January 3, 1864. To replace Hughes, Pope Pius IX named Bishop John McCloskey in January 1865 as the second archbishop of New York. When the original St. Patrick's Cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1866, he rebuilt it in two years. McCloskey presided over the dedication of the present Patrick's Cathedral in 1879. In October 1880, Pope Leo XIII named Bishop Michael Corrigan as coadjutor archbishop to assist McCloskey. In response to

2100-624: The Vatican erected the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA , removing jurisdiction for Catholic ministry to servicemen and women from the archbishop of New York. In 1990, O'Connor started the canonization process for Pierre Toussaint , the formerly enslaved man from Haiti who became a Catholic philanthropist in the 19th century. After O'Connor died on May 3, 2000, John Paul II appointed Bishop Edward Egan as archbishop on May 11, 2000. After

2160-485: The ailing bishop. Unlike previous Catholic leaders in New York, Hughes did not try to build bonds with Protestant leaders and was very willing to fight for what he deemed as the rights of Catholics. In 1840, Hughes started a campaign to persuade the Public School Society, which ran the public schools in New York City, to allocated seven schools for Catholic students and teachers. Hughes argued Catholics students in

2220-712: The archdiocesan school system, operates 148 schools with a total enrollment of 50,154. It is headquartered in the Cooke Building in Midtown Manhattan . Calvary & Allied Cemeteries, an archdiocesan organization, operates the following cemeteries: Parishes own and operate the following cemeteries: The archdiocese in 2017 announced that it was applying for a $ 100 million mortgage on the Lotte New York Palace Hotel , one of its properties in Manhattan, to pay victims of sexual abuse by its clergy who had not sued

2280-690: The archdiocese announced the closing of 32 schools. In January 2024, Dolan announced that the archdiocese would move its offices from the Terence Cardinal Cooke Catholic Building in Manhattan to another location close to St. Patrick's Cathedral. As of April 2024, Dolan is the current archbishop of New York. As of 2023, the Catholic population of the archdiocese was 2,642,740. These Catholics were served by 320 archdiocesan priests, 195 priests of religious orders, and 140 international priests. The archdiocese had 228 permanent deacons and 443 men and women religious. In comparison, in 1929

2340-464: The archdiocese. Saint Joseph%27s Seminary (Dunwoodie) St. Joseph's Seminary and College , sometimes referred to as Dunwoodie after the Dunwoodie neighborhood of Yonkers, New York in which it is located, is the major seminary of the Archdiocese of New York . Since 2012, it has also been the major seminary for the Diocese of Brooklyn and the Diocese of Rockville Centre . The seminary

2400-427: The diocesan bishop or archbishop, and are appointed for a fixed duration. They lose their office when the term expires, or when the episcopal see falls vacant (sede vacante). Auxiliary bishops may also be removed from the office of vicar general, but must at least be appointed episcopal vicar. An auxiliary bishop who is an episcopal vicar, or a coadjutor bishop who is vicar general, may only be removed from office for

2460-629: The diocese as his vicar general . Kohlman traveled extensively throughout the new diocese, celebrating masses and providing sacraments to individuals. To relieve overcrowding at St. Peter's, Kohlman started construction in 1809 of the original Cathedral of St. Patrick in Lower Manhattan. He also established the New York Literary Institution, the first Catholic school in the new diocese. Concanen died in Italy in 1810, having never made it to

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2520-472: The end of World War I , the Vatican named Hayes as the apostolic vicar of the Military Vicariate of the United States . This gave him jurisdiction to minister to American servicemen and women throughout the world. Succeeding archbishops of New York retained this position for the next few decades. Pope Pius XI erected the Apostolic Prefecture of Bahama on March 21, 1929, starting its separation from

2580-540: The establishment of the wholly separate Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA . Vicars-General retain important administrative and judicial functions in the Church of England . Following the Act of Supremacy of 1534, Henry VIII appointed Thomas Cromwell as his vicar general, a delegation of the powers with which Henry was invested by the Act as a result of becoming supreme head of

2640-645: The existing schools were being forced to hear readings from the Protestant King James Bible . When the Society refused, he started lobbying the State of New York to subsidize Catholic schools. In 1841, Hughes founded St. John's College in the Bronx. Later to become Fordham University , St. John's was the first Catholic institution of higher learning in the Northeastern United States. Realizing that

2700-512: The faithful Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Canonization Election of the Roman Pontiff Academic degrees Journals and Professional Societies Faculties of canon law Canonists Institute of consecrated life Society of apostolic life A vicar general (previously, archdeacon ) is the principal deputy of the bishop or archbishop of a diocese or an archdiocese for the exercise of administrative authority and possesses

2760-492: The first American bishop, John Carroll . For the next nine years, Carroll was in charge of the Catholic Church in New York State along with the rest of the nation. The second Catholic church in New York State, and the first outside of New York City, was St. Mary's Church in Albany, New York, founded in 1796. On April 8, 1808, Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of New York and three other dioceses, taking their territory from

2820-410: The first in that city. Connolly died on February 6, 1825. To replace Connolly, Pope Leo VI in 1826 named Reverend John Dubois as the next bishop of New York. At the time of his consecration, the diocese had 18 priests, 12 churches and a Catholic population of 150,000. Dubois faced a primarily Irish Catholic population that was not happy over the Vatican appointing a French bishop. Desperately needing

2880-477: The growing Catholic population in New York, McCloskey established 88 new parishes, including the first parish for African-Americans along with new parishes for the Polish and Italian communities. The number of priests rose from 150 to 400 during his tenure. At the time of McCloskey's death in 1885, there were 37,000 children enrolled at archdiocesan schools. He also established several charitable societies for children and

2940-510: The occasion, Pope Benedict XVI visited the archdiocese from April 18 to April 20, 2008. During his visit, Benedict visited St. Patrick's Cathedral, the United Nations , Ground Zero , St. Joseph's Parish in Yorkville , and St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers. The pope also celebrated a mass at Yankee Stadium. When Egan retired on February 23, 2009, Benedict XVI named Archbishop Timothy Dolan as

3000-678: The present St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan. In July 1863, during the American Civil War , Hughes used his influence to help stop the Draft Riots in Lower Manhattan. They were started by Irish working men as a protest against conscription into the Union Army , but devolved into race riots that killed 119 African-Americans and resulted in the burning of many buildings. Very ill at the time, Hughes appeared on his balcony to address several thousand people, urging them to be peaceful and loyal to

3060-424: The right of succession, so if the see falls vacant he becomes the diocesan bishop or archbishop immediately. These offices should not be confused with the vicar forane or "dean/archpriest", as such vicars do not have ordinary executive power. The appointment of a vicar general is also a useful tool for a diocesan bishop or archbishop who has additional functions attached to his episcopate. The most notable example

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3120-696: The schools. He later allowed her to open an orphanage. In 1891, Corrigan started work on St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers. By 1900, the archdiocese had over 55,000 students enrolled in its schools. In 1902, after a fall at the St. Joseph's construction site, Corrigan developed pneumonia and died. Leo XIII appointed Auxiliary Bishop John Farley on September 15, 1902, as Corrigan's replacement as archbishop. Farley established nearly fifty new parochial schools within his first eight years as archbishop. After Farley died in 1918, Pope Benedict XV appointed Bishop Patrick Hayes on March 10, 1919, as archbishop. That same year, near

3180-556: The seminarians. Pope Benedict also held a rally for youth in the Archdiocese. On April 4, 2019, the Seminary hosted the incorruptible heart relic of St. Jean Vianney , the patron saint of parish priests. The relic was venerated by more than 2,000 people while it was at the seminary. The seminary's primary mission is to educate men studying for the priesthood. Besides four years of academic work, students are required to take part in charitable activities. Seminarians pray together three times

3240-850: The seminary bi-annually from 1961 until 1974. The seminary's main building also hosts monthly pre-Cana conferences for those preparing for the sacrament of Matrimony . One of the archdiocesan tribunals and the studio of ITV for schools is also located on the campus. Throughout the year, both days of prayer and days of further education are scheduled for the clergy of the archdiocese. Vicar general Jus novum ( c.  1140 -1563) Jus novissimum ( c.  1563 -1918) Jus codicis (1918-present) Other Sacraments Sacramentals Sacred places Sacred times Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures Particular churches Juridic persons Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Clerics Office Juridic and physical persons Associations of

3300-469: The seventh archbishop of New York on March 2, 1968. Cooke helped implement the reforms of the Second Vatican Council in the archdiocese, and adopted a more collegial management style than Spellman. During his tenure as archbishop, Cooke founded the following On October 6, 1983, Cooke died from leukemia . To replace him Pope John Paul II named Bishop John O'Connor on January 26, 1984. In 1986,

3360-494: The time included anti-Catholic bigotry in general and in the New York school system and a strong Nativist movement that failed to keep Catholics out of the country but warned that control by "the Papacy" was a threat to American republicanism . On April 23, 1847, Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Albany and the Diocese of Buffalo . This left the Diocese of New York with the following areas: On July 19, 1850, Pius IX elevated

3420-528: The title of local ordinary. As vicar of the (arch)bishop, the vicar general exercises the (arch)bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular church after the diocesan bishop or his equivalent in canon law. The title normally occurs only in Western Christian churches, such as the Latin Church of the Catholic Church and

3480-433: The union. During his long tenure as archbishop, Spellman raised over $ 500 million for the construction of schools, churches, and other institutions. During a five year period in the 1950s, he constructed 15 churches, 94 schools, 22 rectories, 60 convents and 34 other institutions in the archdiocese. Spellman died of a stroke on December 3, 1967. After Spellman's death, Pope Paul VI named Auxiliary Bishop Terence Cooke as

3540-495: Was excommunicated by the Vatican in 1887. In the 1880s, the Vatican became concerned that the Catholic hierarchy in the United States, dominated by Irish prelates, was neglecting the needs of the increasing numbers of Catholic Italian immigrants. The Vatican rebuked Corrigan in 1887 for neglecting the Italians and treating them in a humiliating way . The Irish parishes would only allow Italians to attend Mass in church basements. Corrigan refused to open Italian parishes, claiming that

3600-425: Was merged with the diocese of Rome. The Vicar General of Rome, who is normally a cardinal , known as the Cardinal Vicar , is one of the few church officials in Rome to remain in office sede vacante . The current Vicar General of Rome is Cardinal Angelo De Donatis . A similar example is found in the United States. The archbishop of New York functioned also as ordinary of the military services from World War I until

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