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70-733: The New York Aquarium is the oldest continually operating aquarium in the United States , located on the Riegelmann Boardwalk in Coney Island , Brooklyn , New York City . It was founded at Castle Garden in Battery Park , Manhattan , in 1896, and moved to Coney Island in 1957. The aquarium is operated by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) as part of its integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium, most notably

140-795: A greenhouse . P.T. Barnum quickly followed in 1856 with the first American aquarium as part of his established Barnum's American Museum , which was located on Broadway in New York City before it burned down. In 1859, the Aquarial Gardens were founded in Boston . A number of aquariums then opened in Europe, such as the Jardin d'Acclimatation in Paris and the Viennese Aquarium Salon (both founded 1860),

210-561: A Tammany Hall attorney, was appointed as chairman of the new authority, and three commissioners were appointed. Battle resigned from the chairmanship in November 1933, citing ill health, and was replaced by Nathan Burkan . In its first year, the TBA was in turmoil: by January 1934, one of the TBA's commissioners had resigned, and New York City Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia was trying another TBA commissioner, John Stratton O'Leary, for corruption. As

280-937: A bridge from Brooklyn to the Battery. In 1945, with the pending merger of the Triborough Bridge Authority and the New York City Tunnel Authority, the former was renamed the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. The authority operated the Queens–;Midtown Tunnel and was building the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. The merger was finalized in 1946. The TBTA completed the construction of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, which opened to traffic in May 1950. Generating millions of dollars in toll revenue annually,

350-558: A day, but gave greater emphasis to groundbreaking scientific research . The aquarium also captured other orcas, belugas , narwhals and dolphins . The Monterey Bay Aquarium was the first public aquarium to display a great white shark . Beginning in September 2004, the Outer Bay exhibit (now the Open Sea galleries) was the home to the first in a series of great white sharks. The shark was at

420-405: A gray cement finish. The Castle Garden Aquarium remained popular in the 1930s, with two million visitors per year, including 50,000 on a single day in 1934, a new record for the aquarium. Two laboratories were built on the structure's third story in 1940, and a new metal dome was installed above the building the same year. By then, the aquarium's acting director Charles M. Breder Jr. wished to develop

490-467: A huge aviary , with cages for mammals placed around it, was located on the second floor. The facility closed in 1910. The Artis aquarium at Amsterdam Zoo was constructed inside a Victorian building in 1882, and was renovated in 1997. At the end of the 19th century the Artis aquarium was considered state-of-the-art, as it was again at the end of the 20th century. Before its closing on 30 September 2013,

560-572: A multiple-story Atlantic Coral Reef. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has a shallow tank filled with common types of rays which visitors are encouraged to touch. The South Carolina Aquarium lets visitors feed the rays in their Saltmarsh Aviary exhibit. The largest public aquarium is the Chimelong Ocean Kingdom theme park, opened in 2014 in Hengqin , Zhuhai , with a total of 48.75 million litres (12.87 million US gal) of water. The second largest

630-562: A new building nearby, as he believed the aquarium had outgrown Castle Garden. In February 1941, Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority Commissioner Robert Moses announced that he would demolish Castle Garden when the park was rebuilt during the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel 's construction. The city government closed the New York Aquarium and moved some fish and turtles to other aquariums in late 1941; other fish were released into

700-446: A new exhibit called Spineless , dedicated to invertebrate marine species, was opened. The aquarium fully re-opened from Sandy damage in July 2022. As of 2018, the New York Aquarium consists of five exhibits: Aquatheater; Conservation Hall; Sea Cliffs; Spineless; and Ocean Wonders: Sharks. The original Bathysphere , a deep-sea submersible that made historic journeys underwater in the 1930s,

770-445: A result, Public Works Administration (PWA) administrator Harold L. Ickes refused to distribute parts of the RFC grant allotted to the Triborough Bridge, until the existing funds could be accounted for. After O'Leary had been removed, La Guardia appointed Moses to the open commissioner's position, and Ickes gave the city $ 1.5 million toward the bridge's construction. Robert Moses became

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840-774: A second bridge, the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge , between the Bronx and Queens. Construction started in 1937 and the bridge opened on April 29, 1939, in time for the 1939 New York World's Fair in Queens. Moses had proposed a third bridge, the Brooklyn-Battery Bridge, on the site of what is now the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel. The United States Department of War ultimately rejected the Brooklyn-Battery Bridge as an impediment to shipping, since it would obstruct access from

910-473: A uniform similar to other NYC law enforcement officers. They are NYS Peace Officers with limited authority under Article 2, §2.10, sub 20 of New York State Criminal Procedure Law. Bridge and Tunnel Officer Thomas K. Choi was struck by a vehicle on the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge on October 20, 2013. He suffered severe head injuries and was left in a coma. He died one year later. Choi had served with

980-515: Is on display at the aquarium. Public aquarium Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public. The first public aquarium was opened in London Zoo in May 1853; the Fish House , as it came to be known, was constructed much like

1050-491: Is the Marine Life Park in southern Singapore with a total of 45 million litres (12 million US gal) of water for more than 100,000 marine animals of over 800 species. Most public aquariums are located close to the ocean , for a steady supply of natural seawater. An inland pioneer was Chicago's Shedd Aquarium that received seawater shipped by rail in special tank cars. The early (1911) Philadelphia Aquarium , built in

1120-525: Is the largest bridge and tunnel toll agency in the United States by traffic volume. It generated more than $ 2.4   billion in toll revenue from 335 million vehicles in 2023. As of 2023 , its operating budget was $ 596 million; the budget is funded through taxes and fees. The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority was founded in 1933 as the Triborough Bridge Authority ( TBA ). The agency

1190-656: Is used to decode the image of the plate into alphanumeric data and the jurisdiction of issue. As of 2018 , the MTA B&;T's ALPR system was unable to read temporary paper license plates. The system is subject to significant fraud from motorists who obstruct clear views of their license plates. Drivers caught with such plates risk a ticket for an obstructed, missing or unreadable license plate under Section 402 of New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, though these drivers have not been subject to criminal enforcement. Governor Cuomo's 2020 proposed Executive Budget included an amendment to specify

1260-513: The Bronx Zoo . It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). As part of WCS, the aquarium's mission is to save wildlife and wild places worldwide through science, conservation action, education, and inspiring people to value nature. The facility occupies 14 acres (5.7 ha) and boasts 266 species of aquatic wildlife. Its mission is to raise public awareness about issues facing

1330-599: The Florida Aquarium , have aquatic aviaries . Modern aquariums also include land animals and plants that spend time in or near the water. For marketing purposes, many aquariums promote special exhibits, in addition to their permanent collections. Some have aquatic versions of a petting zoo . The National Aquarium in Baltimore, Maryland houses several exhibits including the Upland Tropical Rain Forest and

1400-518: The Georgia Aquarium in 2007 as part of a breeding program. In September 2011, the aquarium named its new electric eel Wattson, and in March 2012, it launched a sea horse breeding program. In October 2006, the New York Aquarium announced the finalists to a competition to develop a more inviting and visually prominent exterior for the aquarium. In March 2007, the winning design by firms WRT and Cloud 9

1470-584: The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The MTA took over the operations of the other New York City-area transit systems as well as the TBTA. Moses was relieved from his job as chairman of the TBTA, although he was retained as a consultant. Moses stated that TBTA construction projects would reduce the MTA's budget surplus through 1970. Surplus revenue, formerly used for new automobile projects,

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1540-653: The New York Harbor to the Brooklyn Navy Yard . Under the chairmanship of Robert Moses, the agency grew in a series of mergers with four other agencies. In January 1940, as part of a deal to build an approach to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, Moses proposed merging the New York City Parkway Authority, which operated the Henry Hudson, Marine Parkway, and Cross Bay Bridges. The City Parkway Authority

1610-539: The New York State Legislature passed a bill allowing the city government to create an aquarium within Castle Garden. Julius F. Munckwitz Jr. drew up preliminary plans for an aquarium, which he presented to New York City's board of park commissioners in mid-1892. The state government voted to allocate $ 150,000 for the construction of an aquarium within Castle Garden. Local media reported in September 1896 that

1680-633: The Vancouver Aquarium in Vancouver , British Columbia , is a centre for marine research, conservation, and marine animal rehabilitation, particularly for the ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest. In 1964, the Vancouver Aquarium became the second aquarium to capture an orca , Moby Doll . He survived in captivity for just under three months, and the aquarium put him on display to the public for

1750-405: The $ 50 and $ 100 fines for late toll payments have been added to the sum of tolls collected, but not added to the sum of tolls incurred by drivers. This may obscure both sources of toll revenue and causes of toll revenue loss for the MTA. From December 2018 through November 2019, the MTA successfully collected 97.1 percent of all tolls incurred by drivers, with the lowest rate being 94.8 percent at

1820-474: The Atlantic Ocean. In 1953, officials approved the construction of a new aquarium building in the Coney Island neighborhood of southern Brooklyn. The development of the new aquarium was expected to revitalize Coney Island. The New York City Planning Commission allocated 5 acres (2.0 ha) of parkland to the new aquarium, and construction commenced on October 24, 1954. Harrison & Abramovitz designed

1890-576: The Authority. The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority employs fewer than 100 Bridge and Tunnel officers (BTOs). The last civil service exam for MTA Bridge and Tunnel Officer (list # 6091) was in 2007. TBTA Officers perform various tasks concerning vehicular traffic, assisting stranded motorists, performing selected security duties at the nine intra-city crossings, as well as other miscellaneous duties. The TBTA operates seven bridges and two tunnels, including: and two tunnels: TBTA Officers wear

1960-633: The CEO and Secretary of the TBA in February 1934, after the removal of O'Leary from the Board; Moses was additionally appointed Chairman in November 1936, following Burkan's death the previous June. Moses leveraged his leadership of the Triborough Bridge Authority, as well as the state and city positions he also held, to expedite the Triborough project. The Triborough Bridge opened on July 11, 1936. The TBA constructed

2030-511: The Castle Garden location closed. The Coney Island site of the New York Aquarium is the home of the WCS New York Seascape program – the society's research and conservation program focusing on nearby rivers, harbor, and ocean from Cape May, New Jersey , to Montauk, Long Island . The aquarium kept an orca briefly in 1968 and a narwhal in 1969. Both reportedly died of possible pneumonia . The aquarium's beluga whales were transferred to

2100-628: The Charleston harbour. In January 1985, Kelly Tarlton began construction of the first aquarium to include a large transparent acrylic tunnel, Kelly Tarlton's Underwater World in Auckland , New Zealand. Construction took 10 months and cost NZ$ 3 million. The 110-metre (360 ft) tunnel was built from one- tonne (2,200-lb) slabs of German sheet plastic that were shaped locally in an oven. A moving walkway now transports visitors through, and groups of school children occasionally hold sleepovers there beneath

2170-584: The Cross Bay Bridge. The preponderance of obstructed or modified license plates in New York City may suggest substantial revenue losses due to that form of fraud. An audit performed by the New York State Comptroller in 2017 criticized the MTA for losses due to issues with reading, and obstruction of, license plates. The MTA's response characterized this as part of "leakage" that is "inherent in

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2240-852: The Marine Aquarium Temple as part of the Zoological Garden of Hamburg in Hamburg (1864), as well as aquariums in Berlin (1869) and Brighton (1872). The old Berlin Aquarium opened in 1869. The building site was to be Unter den Linden (along a major avenue), in the centre of town, not at the Berlin Zoo . The aquarium's first director, Alfred Brehm , former director of the Hamburg Zoo from 1863 to 1866, served until 1874. With its emphasis on education ,

2310-547: The NYCTA and TBTA. Lindsay disagreed, saying that the state and city should have operationally separate transit authorities that worked in tandem. In early 1967, Rockefeller proposed merging the NYCTA and TBTA into the MCTA, as well as creating a $ 2.5 billion bond issue to fund transportation improvements. In May 1967, Rockefeller signed a bill that allowed the MCTA to oversee the mass transit policies of New York City-area transit systems and

2380-738: The Shedd Aquarium was the largest in the United States until the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta opened in 2005. Entertainment and aquatic circus exhibits were combined as themes in Philadelphia's Aquarama Aquarium Theater of the Sea (1962–1969) and Camden 's re-invented Adventure Aquarium 2005, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium (1992). The first Japanese public aquarium, a small freshwater aquarium called " Uonozoki " (now Tokyo Sea Life Park),

2450-438: The TBTA by the following March. Initially, the TBTA was resistant to the MCTA's efforts to acquire it. Moses was afraid that the enlarged MCTA would "undermine, destroy or tarnish" the integrity of the TBTA, One source of contention was Rockefeller's proposal to use TBTA tolls in order to subsidize the cheap fares of the NYCTA, since Moses strongly opposed any use of TBTA tolls for use by outside agencies. Moses agreed to merge

2520-866: The TBTA easily became a powerful city agency, as it was capable of funding large capital projects. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the TBTA built the Battery Tunnel Parking Garage, Jacob Riis Beach Parking Field, the New York Coliseum , and the East Side Airlines Terminal. Aside from toll crossings, one of the TBTA's most profitable properties was the New York Coliseum, an office building and convention center at Columbus Circle in Manhattan. The complex cost $ 35 million to build, of which $ 26.5 million came from toll revenues collected by

2590-568: The TBTA for 11 years. MTA Bridges and Tunnels collects the vast majority of its tolls through E-ZPass , an electronic toll collection system. E-ZPass was introduced at MTA Bridges and Tunnels crossings between 1995 and 1997. In October 2016, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that tollbooths would be removed at all bridges to speed up traffic. Since September 2017, all MTA Bridges & Tunnels facilities have collected tolls through open-road cashless tolling . Tollbooths previously in place have been dismantled, and drivers no longer pay cash at

2660-465: The TBTA into the MCTA in March 1967, and he even campaigned in favor of the transit bond issue. In February 1968, the TBTA's bondholders acquiesced to the MCTA's merger proposal. The TBTA archives, including models of projects built and unbuilt, were transferred to the MTA Bridges and Tunnels Special Archive, at 2 Broadway . In March 1968, the MCTA dropped the word "Commuter" from its name and became

2730-451: The TBTA. The Coliseum, which became the New York City's major convention center, had a tax agreement with the city wherein the city government would collect a portion of the TBTA's revenue rather than collect taxes on the Coliseum property. Within the first ten years of the Coliseum's opening, the city had collected almost $ 9.1 million from the TBTA. This special tax arrangement continued until

2800-436: The Triborough Bridge. While the RFC favored a loan for the Triborough project, the mayor at the time, John P. O'Brien , banned the RFC from giving loans to the city. Instead, O'Brien wanted to create a bridge authority to sell bonds to pay for the construction of the Triborough Bridge as well as for the planned Queens–Midtown Tunnel between Manhattan and Queens. Robert Moses , the New York City parks commissioner, also pushed

2870-688: The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, the TBTA built a second deck on the bridge in 1969. In January 1966, New York City Mayor John Lindsay proposed merging the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which operated buses and subways in New York City, with the TBTA to create the Metropolitan Commuter Transit Authority (MCTA). While Governor Nelson Rockefeller offered his "complete support" for Lindsay's proposed unified transit agency, Robert Moses called

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2940-661: The Zoological Society in July 1902, and the Zoological Society took over on October 31, 1902, with Charles Haskins Townsend as the aquarium's director. At the time, the Aquarium housed only 150 specimens of wildlife. Townsend enlarged the collections considerably, and the Aquarium attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Townsend served as the Aquarium's director for thirty years. After being appointed as director, Townsend soon made several modifications to Castle Garden's facilities, which cost over $ 30,000. The number of specimens at Castle Garden also increased; by 1903,

3010-400: The aquarium at Coney Island. The first phase of the aquarium was originally projected to be completed in 1956 at a cost of $ 1.5 million; it was to be part of a larger, $ 10 million development. The project's completion date was delayed due to a shortage of construction materials. On June 6, 1957, the Aquarium opened in Coney Island. The aquarium charged admission at its Coney Island location; this

3080-504: The aquarium for 198 days (the previous record was 16 days). The shark was released on 31 March 2005. The Adventure Aquarium in New Jersey has hippos . The Aquarium du Québec houses polar bears . Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority ( TBTA ), doing business as MTA Bridges and Tunnels , is an affiliate agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority that operates seven toll bridges and two tunnels in New York City . The TBTA

3150-433: The aquarium had 2,000 specimens from over 200 species. By 1907, the aquarium had over two million annual visitors, or an average of 6,000 per day. By January 1911, officials instead planned to expand Castle Garden, adding semicircular wings to the west and east for over $ 1 million. Each wing was to contain three tiers of tanks and classroom space. The Zoological Society asked the Board of Estimate to allocate $ 1.75 million to

3220-399: The aquarium had two million annual visitors. The expansion was largely completed by early 1924. Townsend announced in 1926 that Castle Garden would undergo further modifications at a cost of $ 225,000. The plans included constructing a third story for workrooms and laboratory space, installing tanks behind the building, adding a new mechanical plant in the basement, and covering the facade with

3290-503: The aquarium was largely completed. At the time, the tanks contained 45 species, some of which had been in the aquarium for two years. Ultimately, it cost $ 175,000 to renovate Castle Garden into an aquarium. The aquarium opened on December 10, 1896, following a soft opening the previous day. The aquarium attracted thousands of visitors on its opening day, and it averaged over 10,000 visitors per day during its first several months. Visitors were not charged admission, which may have contributed to

3360-421: The aquarium's popularity. The aquarium had two million guests within a year, and it had 5.5 million total guests by May 1900. In its early years, the New York Aquarium at Castle Garden typically had more visitors during the summer, and Sunday was the busiest day of the week. The aquarium's busiest day during this period was August 20, 1898, when over 47,000 people visited the aquarium. The aquarium's first director

3430-430: The city's disused water works , had to switch to treated city water when the nearby river became too contaminated. Similarly, the recently opened Georgia Aquarium filled its tanks with fresh water from the city water system and salinated its saltwater exhibits using the same commercial salt and mineral additives available to home aquarists. The South Carolina Aquarium pulls the salt water for their exhibits right out of

3500-480: The crossings. Instead, cameras mounted onto new overhead gantries manufactured by TransCore collect the tolls. While some are located where toll booths were previously located, others are located at the opposite ends of the facilities. A vehicle without an E-ZPass has a picture taken of its license plate and a bill for the toll is mailed to its owner. For E-ZPass users, sensors detect their transponders wirelessly. Automatic number-plate recognition (ALPR) analysis

3570-521: The ocean and its inhabitants with special exhibits, public events and research. The New York Seascape program, based out of the aquarium, is WCS's local conservation program designed to restore healthy populations of marine species and protect New York waters, which are vital to the area's economic and cultural vitality. The New York City government had proposed converting Castle Garden , a former military fort and immigrant-processing station in Battery Park , into an aquarium in 1891. The following February,

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3640-584: The oldest American aquarium was the National Aquarium in Washington, D.C. , founded in 1873. This was followed by the opening of other public aquariums: San Francisco ( Woodward's Gardens , 1873–1890), Woods Hole ( Woods Hole Science Aquarium , 1885), New York City ( New York Aquarium , 1896–present), San Diego ( Scripps , 1903), Honolulu ( Waikiki Aquarium , 1904–present), Detroit ( Belle Isle Aquarium , 1904–2005, 2012–Present), Philadelphia ( Philadelphia Aquarium , 1911–1962), San Francisco ( Steinhart Aquarium , 1923), Chicago ( Shedd Aquarium , 1929). For many years,

3710-423: The property was sold in 1998. The TBTA built two bridges in the 1960s. The Throgs Neck Bridge, a project to alleviate traffic on the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, started construction in 1957 and opened in January 1961. The long-planned Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, which had been proposed as far back as the 1920s, started construction in 1959 and opened in November 1964. Because of higher-than-expected traffic on

3780-416: The proposed merger "absurd" and "grotesque" for its unwieldiness. Lindsay then proposed a bill in the state legislature that would allow the mayor to appoint a majority of the members in the new city-run transportation agency, but this was rejected. In June 1966, Rockefeller announced his plans to expand the MCTA's scope to create a new regional transit authority to encompass the existing MCTA, as well as

3850-422: The public aquarium was designed like a grotto, part of it made of natural rock. The Geologische Grotte depicted "the strata of the earth 's crust ". The grotto also featured birds and pools for seals . The Aquarium Unter den Linden was a three-story building. Machinery and water tanks were on the ground floor, and aquarium basins for the fish on the first floor. Because of Brehm's special interest in birds,

3920-403: The renovation, but the board still had not funded the renovation of Castle Garden by 1916. Townsend said the aquarium's mechanical facilities needed major upgrades. In 1921, Townsend announced that the Zoological Society would construct an electric plant in the basement, replacing a steam plant on the south side of the aquarium building, and then install two tanks in the space formerly occupied by

3990-420: The state legislature to create an authority to fund, build, and operate the Triborough Bridge. A bill to create the TBA passed quickly through both houses of the state legislature, and was signed by Governor Herbert H. Lehman in April 1933. The bill included a provision that the authority could sell up to $ 35 million in bonds and fund the remainder of construction through bridge tolls. George Gordon Battle,

4060-400: The steam plant. This work was funded by a bequest from Mrs. Russell Sage. By early 1923, the Zoological Society was carrying out the renovations at a cost of $ 86,000. In June 1923, the board voted to give $ 76,500 for the construction of an additional story above the building. The Zoological Society planned to add deeper tanks on the second floor, expanding exhibition space by 20 percent. By then,

4130-507: The swimming sharks and rays. According to Samantha Muka, creating new public aquariums is an expensive process, that can become so expensive as to render the project economically unsustainable, due to the logistical demands of creating environments in which aquatic animals can survive. Public aquariums are often affiliated with oceanographic research institutions or conduct their research programs, and sometimes specialise in species and ecosystems that can be found in local waters. For example,

4200-434: The use of a modified license plate to avoid tolls as misdemeanor theft-of-service, but the proposal was not included in the final bill. The MTA has released no data detailing its losses to modified or obstructed license plates, even though the prevalence of such license plates may result in substantial revenue losses. However, it was theoretically possible for the MTA to have a toll collection rate of over 100 percent, because

4270-403: Was Tarleton Hoffman Bean , who was appointed in 1895. He was instrumental in helping to create similar wildlife organizations, especially aquaria. Bean was forced to resign in April 1898. In March 1902, New York state legislators proposed transferring operation of the New York Aquarium to the New York Zoological Society . The Board of Estimate authorized mayor Seth Low to lease the aquarium to

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4340-411: Was delayed. Ocean Wonders: Sharks! ultimately broke ground in January 2014. The exhibit opened on June 30, 2018, becoming the first major exhibit at the New York Aquarium to open after Hurricane Sandy. The aquarium closed for four months starting in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City , which shuttered almost all businesses citywide. With the reopening of the aquarium in July 2020,

4410-408: Was merged with the TBA in February 1940. The Parkway Authority had already been merged with the Henry Hudson Parkway Authority, which operated the Henry Hudson Bridge, and with the Marine Parkway Authority, which operated the Marine Parkway Bridge. This gave the TBA complete control of all parkways and toll bridges located entirely in New York City. The same bill revoked the TBA's right to build

4480-445: Was named after its first crossing, the Triborough Bridge . The Triborough Bridge Authority was reorganized as the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority in 1946. It began using the name MTA Bridges and Tunnels in 1994. The TBTA also controlled several buildings such as the New York Coliseum and the East Side Airline Terminal , both of which have been demolished. The seven bridges are: The two tunnels are: MTA Bridges and Tunnels

4550-406: Was opened at the Ueno Zoo in 1882. Modern aquarium tanks can hold millions of litres of water and can house large species, including dolphins , sharks or beluga whales . This is accomplished through thick, clear acrylic glass windows. Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals, including otters and seals are often cared for at aquariums. Some establishments, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium or

4620-421: Was originally founded as the Triborough Bridge Authority (TBA), which was organized to head the construction of the Triborough Bridge. The structure had started construction in 1929 but stalled during the Great Depression due to a lack of funding. In February 1933, a nine-person committee applied to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) for a $ 150 million loan for projects in New York state, including

4690-399: Was originally scheduled to break ground in November 2012 and open in 2015. However, the New York Aquarium was significantly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, which severely flooded the facility and shut down power. A small group of WCS staff who remained onsite during the hurricane were able to save 80 percent of the animals in the collection. As a result, construction on the exhibit

4760-433: Was selected, which featured an enclosure resembling a whale over the aquarium. However, in March 2008, that concept was scrapped due to concerns over the cost of the design and the practicality of constructing future exhibits under the enclosure. Instead, plans for a new exhibit based on sharks were announced. The massive 784,000-US-gallon (2,970,000 L), 57,000-square-foot (5,300 m) exhibition, Ocean Wonders: Sharks!,

4830-415: Was then used to support public transportation . Since the merger, more than $ 10   billion has been contributed by the TBTA to subsidize mass transit fares and capital improvements for the New York City Transit , Long Island Rail Road , and Metro-North Railroad . The MTA Bridges and Tunnels trading name was adopted in 1994. The name Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority is still the legal name of

4900-423: Was unpopular among members of the public, who had been accustomed to the free admission at Castle Garden. When the Coney Island location opened, the WCS had to acquire nearly all its species from scratch, as the species at Castle Garden had been released into the ocean or given to other zoos. Among the few specimens transferred from Castle Garden were a pair of Ridley sea turtles that had been kept in Bermuda after

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